CN1095330C - Hybridization method for preparing seeds of super-sweet corn - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for the hybridization and the seed production of a new species of super-sweet and high-quality corns, which belongs to the technical field of breeding a new plant species. The present invention is characterized in that an HZ501 self-bred line is used as a female parent, and an HZ508 self-bred line is used as a male parent. The female parent and the male parent are prepared into a hybridization generation of super-sweet core new species of a China sweet core No. 1 through hybridization. Compared with a comparison species, the species has the advantages of good merchandise appearance, no bald tip, thin peel, high sugar content, early ripening stage, etc.

Description

A kind of cross-breeding method of super-sweet corn

Technical field

The invention belongs to crop breeding of new variety method, particularly a kind of cross-breeding method of seed selection high-quality super-sweet corn new varieties.

Background technology

Seed selection high-grade maize kind is the main target of corn breeding in the world.Wherein as vegetables and the edible sweet corn (or super-sweet corn) of fruit, in the U.S., Canada, New Zealand, Japan and Thailand and China Taiwan Province very big cultivated area is arranged all, the market sale prospect is good always.But existing sweet corn or super-sweet corn kind also exist product appearance poor (long as the bald point of fringe portion), and the not ideal enough outstanding problems such as (low as sugariness) of ripe evening phase and quality can not satisfy the demand in market fully

Summary of the invention.

The objective of the invention is to overcome the prior art deficiency, propose the ripe phase of a kind of seed selection early, the cross-breeding method of the super-sweet corn new varieties that marketing quality is good.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A kind of cross-breeding method of super-sweet corn comprises safe isolation, proper seeding, rational close planting, suitable row ratio is regulated the florescence, artificial supplementary pollination, roguing operating procedure, with the HZ501 selfing is maternal, is male parent with the HZ508 selfing, corn variety of hybridization preparation Huatianyu.

During the production of hybrid seeds of first-filial generation kind, this suitable row of father and mother is than being 1: 2 or 1: 4.

In addition, male parent is than maternal late sowing 18-26 days, to solve flowering asynchronism when the production of hybrid seeds in spring of first-filial generation kind.

Seed selection process of the present invention is as follows:

One, this seed selection of father and mother and crossbreed source

1, maternal inbred line breeding

Be basic material, adopt general pedigree method that with the TYN0.2 corn select to breed through inbreeding of more generation, selection criteria is solid full point, and is best in quality, precocious.This inbred line is HZ501.

2. male parent inbred line breeding

With the second cycle line that sweet corn EXS inbreeding of more generation separates, selection criteria is basic with maternal, and this inbred line is HZ508.

3. crossbreed is originated

Obtain with HZ501 * HZ508.

Two, the feature of parent and crossbreed

1. maternal HZ501 feature

The rhizome green, about 1.5 meters of plant heights, the fringe position is high about 0.7 meter; Leaf is roomy, in go up leaf wrinkle volume, the time of infertility 16-18 sheet; Male flower branch 14-20, clever shell green, the flower pesticide yellow, the loose powder amount is big, when having tassel not extract lobus cardiacus out fully with regard to the loose powder phenomenon.Male flower filigree pale green, fruit ear outsourcing arrow leaf is opened two fringes outward; The fruit ear tubular, long 16cm, line number 12-16, row grain 25; The grain look yellowish, the ripe seed shrinkage.Sow to seed maturity 120 days spring.

2. male parent HZ508 feature

The rhizome green, about 1 meter of plant height, the high about 0.3-0.4 rice in fringe position; Medium blade, the time of infertility 14-16 sheet; Male flower branch 9-20, clever shell green, flower pesticide yellow, the loose powder amount is big; Take out hero to beginning loose powder 9-10 days, 4-6 days loose powder phase, female flower filigree pale green, fruit ear outsourcing arrow leaf is opened two fringes outward; The fruit ear short cylinder shaped, long 13cm, thick 3.8cm, line number 12-16, row grain 25; The grain look white, the ripe seed shrinkage.When rich water deficiency and soil compaction, the plant slight of stature is sowed to seed maturity, 95 days spring.

3. crossbreed " No. one, Huatianyu " feature

The rhizome green, about 2 meters of plant height, the fringe position is high 0.72 meter.Blade hangs down loosely, the time of infertility 16-18 sheet; Male flower branch 16-20, clever shell green, the flower pesticide yellow, the loose powder amount is big, female flower filigree pale green, fruit ear outsourcing arrow leaf is opened outward, and many fringes property is arranged; Do not have bald point, have only the top fruit ear to physically well develop under the general condition; Tubular in the fruit ear, about long 18cm, thick 4.4cm, line number about 14, row grain about 37; The seed yellow-white is alternate, and white grain accounts for 1/4, and it is unusual for 60-90 days according to sowing season to gather from sowing to blue or green fringe.Bright fringe sugar content 24.93%, pericarp is thin, changes slag, sows in spring to gathering about 80-90 days, and sowing is to gathering about 60-80 days.

Three, the sharp culture technique main points of parent propagation and hybrid system

1. maternal HZ501 breeding

The isolated area plantation, spring and autumn is broadcast profit.Hubei Wuhan Area spring in by the end of March-early April open field live broadcast, on the furrow face of 1.3 meters in bag ditch, broadcast 2 row, spacing in the rows 20-25cm, mu is planted about 4500 strains, every mu with 50 kilograms of compounds the fertile or 50 kilograms of cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed+10 kilogram superphosphate make seed manure, seedling stage, shooting stage and typhon mouth phase are executed 10 kilograms in urea respectively.Intertill and clean tillage ridging in time and diseases and pests controlling.Sow in mid-July autumn, manages same substantially spring, but seedling stage, rich water must in time early be managed.

2. male parent HZ508 breeding

With maternal breeding, but planting in the isolated area in addition.When the chance of sowing in spring low temperature is rainy, use nutrition bowl seedling transplanting, to improve germination rate.

3. a production of hybrid seeds of crossbreed Huatianyu

In production of hybrid seeds isolated area, this planted father and mother by 1: 2 or 1: 4 kind, and date of seeding is with maternal breeding.The production of hybrid seeds in spring male parent divided for 2 phases broadcast, respectively than maternal late sowing 18 days, 25 days.Broadcast 70% of male parent sowing quantity early stage, and the later stage broadcasts 30%.All once rogue the weak before this loose powder of father and mother.Band a slice lobus cardiacus during maternal the castration, loose powder phenomenon when preventing that some individual plant tassel from not extracting out, artificial supplementary pollination can improve seed production, and after pollination finished, the paternal plant that in time clears all was beneficial to maternal fruit ear growth and avoids male parent seed mechanical admixture.The same parent propagation of production of hybrid seeds field management.

4. the crossbreed Huatianyu is cultivated main points No. one

(1) selects to plant in the contiguous plot of special-shaped corn with the plot of at least 300 meters of special-shaped corns or the florescence of staggering.

(2) sow in spring in late March-early April open field live broadcast, two films (mulch film+hut) or mulch film are live can to advance to the early March and the middle ten days respectively, and autumn sowing was July 15 to-sowing on August 10.

(3) line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, mu is planted 4000 strains, and plantation 2 row can make things convenient for irrigation and drainage on the furrow face of 1.3 meters in bag ditch.

(4) base manure wants sufficient.Make seed manure with 50 kilograms of compounds fertilizer or the 50 kilograms of cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed+10 kilogram superphosphate during sowing.

(5) thinning early, final singling when height of seedling 15-20cm is high, and chase after 7.5 kilograms in urea, chase after 10 kilograms in urea respectively in group joint phase, typhon mouth phase later on.

(6) intertill and clean tillage ridging in time behind the rain, prevent and treat cutworm seedling stage emphatically, enters May and focus on the corn borer control.

(7) filigree blackening is gathered during the fruit ear bulging, and listing immediately.

Good effect of the present invention is:

1. the few bald point of a super-sweet corn fruit ear of Huatianyu rice outward appearance cultivated of the present invention, seed is yellowish-white alternate, tubular in the fruit ear, about long 18cm, thick 4.4cm, row is about 37, and commodity is good.

2. main nutrient composition the analysis showed that: the seed cane sugar content is 24.93%, protein 13.15%, and fat 10.40%, moisture 69.43% also contains several amino acids, mineral matter and vitamin.

3. producing method for seed of the present invention is simple and easy to do, and every mu about 50 kilograms of production of hybrid seeds amounts, indexs such as its purity, cleanliness and germination rate reach the standard that country formulates.

Embodiment

Embodiments of the invention:

Planted super-sweet corn kind Huatianyu of the present invention No. one in the Hua Zhong Agriculture University experimental plot in 1998, check variety is sweet beautiful No. 2 of Hubei Province, and spring and autumn carries out kind relatively, and result of the test sees Table shown in the 1-6:

The main proterties of table 1 sweet corn kind of the present invention and check variety is (one) relatively ^*Kind breeding time (my god) sweet No. 2 (ck) 87 247.8 103.5 2.08 differences-7-34.4 in thick No. 1 80 213.4 73.6 2.10 Hubei Province of (cm) Huatianyu of plant height (cm) fringe position high (cm) stem ^*-30.5 ^*0.02 ^*Implantation time spring in 1998, Wuhan, Hubei

The main proterties of table 2 sweet corn kind of the present invention and check variety is (two) relatively ^*Long (cm) fringe of the bald point of kind spike length (cm) rents (cm) head progeny row (OK) row grain No. 1 18.7 0.5 4.4 14.3 38.4 Hubei Province of (grain) Huatianyu sweet No. 2 19.5 3.52 4.5 14.2 41 differences-0.8-3.02 ^*-0.1 ^*0.01-2.6

^*Implantation time spring in 1998, Wuhan, Hubei

The main proterties of table 3 sweet corn kind of the present invention and check variety is (three) relatively ^{*, * *}

Sugar content

Heavy bright fringe per mu yield kind (%) (the bright fringe mouthfeel of the blue or green luxuriant fringe bright fringe fringe of blue or green bud mu

Heavy (g/ fringe) produces (kilogram) (g/ fringe) (kilogram)

Juice) sweet No. 1 283.3 991.6 198.1 693.4 17.77 skin of China approaches slightly difference-25-87.5-17.4-60.9 3.21 of the sweet No. 2 308.3 1079.1 215.5 754.3 14.56 thick slightly sweet tastes of skin in sweet raciness Hubei Province ^*

^*Implantation time spring in 1998, Wuhan, Hubei

^*Show under 0.05 level remarkable ^{* *}Show under 0.01 level remarkable

Table 1, table 2, table 3 as seen, the suitable receipts phase that No. 1, Huatianyu was than Hubei Province sweet No. 2 morning 7 days.Plant height, height ratio Hubei Province, fringe position sweet No. 2 short, and reached utmost point significance level.Show lodging resistance of Huatianyu strong (one of June in 1998 is than after the driving rain, No. 1 lodging 6% of Huatianyu, and sweet No. 2 lodging 21% in Hubei Province have also proved this point).Less than sweet beautiful No. 2 of Hubei Province, sugar content is higher than E Tian No. 2 to No. 1 long utmost point of bald point of Huatianyu significantly significantly.Stem is thick, spike length, fringe are thick, head progeny row, fringe grain, two kinds do not have significant difference.991.6 kilograms of the luxuriant per mu yields of No. 1 green grass or young crops of Huatianyu, 693.4 kilograms of bright fringe per mu yields are not though than the sweet No. 2 difference low yields 8.2% in Hubei Province, reach significant difference.Taste scoring, skin of Huatianyu is thin sweet, is better than E Tian No. 2.

The main proterties of table 4 sweet corn kind of the present invention and check variety is (four) relatively ^*

Kind breeding time (my god) plant height (cm) fringe position high (cm) stem thick (cm)

Huatianyu No. 1 75 205.0 ± 15.273 69.1 ± 13.304 1.6 ± 0.286

Hubei Province sweet No. 2 81 202.1 ± 26.36 72.2 ± 19.135 1.5 ± 0.230

Difference-6 2.9-3.1 0.1

^*Implantation time: autumn in 1998, Wuhan, Hubei

The main proterties of table 5 sweet corn kind of the present invention and check variety is (five) relatively ^*

Bald long thick (cm) head progeny row (cm) the row grain of (cm) fringe of point of kind spike length (cm) (grain)

Huatianyu No. 1 17.3 ± 0.831 0.0 4.3 ± 0.167 15.1 ± 1.669 37.7 ± 2.546

Sweet No. 2 19.0 ± 2.223 3.04+1.695 4.1 in Hubei Province ± 0.316 12.9 ± 1.436 34.5 ± 6.399

(ck)

Difference-1.7-3.02 ^*0.2 2.2 ^*3.2 ^*

^*Implantation time: autumn in 1998, Wuhan, Hubei

The main proterties of table 6 sweet corn kind of the present invention and check variety is (six) relatively ^*

The heavy bright fringe per mu yield sugar content kind mouthfeel of the blue or green luxuriant fringe bright fringe fringe of heavy blue or green luxuriant per mu yield

(g/ fringe) (kilogram) (g/ fringe) (kilogram) (%) the thin sweetness of (bright fringe juice) China sweet No. 1 236.7 ± 23.457 828.5 167.1 ± 14.829 584.5 18.13 ± 1.035 Hubei Province sweet No. 2 skins, raciness,

228.3 ± 44.03 799.1 151.1 ± 31.933 528.9 13.73 ± 3.208 (ck) skin is thick slightly, sweet taste difference 8.4 29.4 16.0 55.6 4.4 slightly ^*

^*Implantation time: autumn in 1998, Wuhan, Hubei

^*Show under 0.05 level remarkable ^*Show under 0.01 level remarkable

Table 5, table 6 as seen, plant height, fringe position are high, thick three the tree characteristics averages of stem do not have significant difference.But the high standard deviation of plant height and fringe position, No. 1, Huatianyu is less than sweet No. 2 of Hubei Province.Show that No. 1 plant height of Huatianyu and fringe position are high more neat.The fringe anharmonic ratio, 828.5 kilograms in the blue or green bud of No. 1 per mu yield of Huatianyu, 584.5 kilograms of bright fringes are respectively a little more than sweet No. 2 3.5% and 9.5% of Hubei Province.The standard deviation that No. 1 fringe of Huatianyu is heavy, much smaller than Hubei Province sweet No. 2.No. 1 fringe of Huatianyu is heavy consistent.The result of spike length, fringe crude reaction is heavy similar with fringe.But spike length, No. 1, Huatianyu is less than sweet No. 2 of Hubei Province.And row grain, No. 1, Huatianyu is then more than sweet No. 2 of Hubei Province.Reason is that No. 2 bald points of E Tian on average reach 3.04cm, and Huatianyu does not almost have bald sharp phenomenon for No. 1.The head progeny row that No. 1, Huatianyu, row grain, sugar content all are higher than No. 2, E Tian significantly.The taste test scoring, No. 1 skin of Huatianyu is thin sweet, and raciness is better than E Tian No. 2.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of super-sweet corn cross-breeding method, comprise safe isolation, proper seeding, rational close planting, suitable row ratio, regulate the florescence, artificial supplementary pollination, roguing operating procedure, it is characterized in that, with the HZ501 selfing is maternal, is male parent with the HZ508 selfing, corn variety of hybridization preparation Huatianyu.

2, super-sweet corn cross-breeding method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, during the production of hybrid seeds of first-filial generation kind, this suitable row of father and mother is than being 1: 2 or 1: 4.

3, super-sweet corn cross-breeding method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, male parent was than maternal late sowing 18-26 days during the production of hybrid seeds in spring of first-filial generation kind.