CN1095073A - 取代的酰化剂 - Google Patents
取代的酰化剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1095073A CN1095073A CN94104780.6A CN94104780A CN1095073A CN 1095073 A CN1095073 A CN 1095073A CN 94104780 A CN94104780 A CN 94104780A CN 1095073 A CN1095073 A CN 1095073A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- reaction
- acylating agent
- enoyl
- polybutene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- -1 enoyl compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 claims description 41
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010407 vacuum cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-but-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C\C IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013844 butane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007233 catalytic pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004050 enoyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical class CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
- C10M133/56—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/30—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
- C08F8/32—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups by reaction with amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/46—Reaction with unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof, e.g. maleinisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/086—Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/26—Amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB939309121A GB9309121D0 (en) | 1993-05-04 | 1993-05-04 | Substituted acylating agents |
GB9309121.3 | 1993-05-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1095073A true CN1095073A (zh) | 1994-11-16 |
Family
ID=10734871
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN94104780.6A Pending CN1095073A (zh) | 1993-05-04 | 1994-05-04 | 取代的酰化剂 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5454964A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0623631B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH0711275A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1095073A (de) |
BR (1) | BR9401863A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2122791A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE623631T1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB9309121D0 (de) |
HU (1) | HU213729B (de) |
MY (1) | MY131672A (de) |
SG (1) | SG46152A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9503380D0 (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1995-04-12 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Substituted azo-dicarbonylo deriratives |
GB9507305D0 (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1995-05-31 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Substituted acylating agents |
US5891953A (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 1999-04-06 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Process for preparing polyalkenyl substituted mono- and dicarboxylic acid producing materials (PT-1302) |
US5777025A (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 1998-07-07 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for preparing polyalkenyl substituted C4 to C10 dicarboxylic acid producing materials |
US5696060A (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 1997-12-09 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Acylated nitrogen compounds useful as additives for lubricating oil and fuel compositions |
EP0910590A1 (de) * | 1996-06-10 | 1999-04-28 | BP Chemicals Limited | Substituierte carboxylierte derivate |
EP0823471B1 (de) * | 1996-08-08 | 2000-10-18 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Acylierte stickstoffenthaltende Verbindungen verwendbar als Zusätze für Schmieröl- und Brennstoffzusammensetzungen und Zwischenprodukte verwendbar zu ihrer Herstellung |
US5840920A (en) | 1996-08-08 | 1998-11-24 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Process for preparing compositions useful as intermediates for preparing lubricating oil and fuel additives |
US5779742A (en) * | 1996-08-08 | 1998-07-14 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Acylated nitrogen compounds useful as additives for lubricating oil and fuel compositions |
GB9726831D0 (en) * | 1997-12-20 | 1998-02-18 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Additives for hydrocarbon fuels |
US6383237B1 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2002-05-07 | Deborah A. Langer | Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions |
US6368367B1 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2002-04-09 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition |
US6648929B1 (en) | 1998-09-14 | 2003-11-18 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Emulsified water-blended fuel compositions |
US6368366B1 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2002-04-09 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition |
US20060048443A1 (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2006-03-09 | Filippini Brian B | Emulsified water-blended fuel compositions |
US6530964B2 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2003-03-11 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Continuous process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel |
US6419714B2 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2002-07-16 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Emulsifier for an acqueous hydrocarbon fuel |
US6913630B2 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2005-07-05 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Amino alkylphenol emulsifiers for an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel |
US6827749B2 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2004-12-07 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Continuous process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel emulsions |
US20040111956A1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2004-06-17 | Westfall David L. | Continuous process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel emulsion |
US6652607B2 (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2003-11-25 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Concentrated emulsion for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel |
US6606856B1 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2003-08-19 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Process for reducing pollutants from the exhaust of a diesel engine |
US20030084658A1 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2003-05-08 | Brown Kevin F | Process for reducing pollutants from the exhaust of a diesel engine using a water diesel fuel in combination with exhaust after-treatments |
WO2005012468A1 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-02-10 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Mixed dispersants for lubricants |
US20050101496A1 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2005-05-12 | Loper John T. | Hydrocarbyl dispersants and compositions containing the dispersants |
US7645728B2 (en) | 2004-02-17 | 2010-01-12 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricant and fuel additives derived from treated amines |
US7361629B2 (en) | 2004-03-10 | 2008-04-22 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Additives for lubricants and fuels |
US20060122073A1 (en) | 2004-12-08 | 2006-06-08 | Chip Hewette | Oxidation stable gear oil compositions |
US7485734B2 (en) * | 2005-01-28 | 2009-02-03 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Seal swell agent and process therefor |
US7422161B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2008-09-09 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Treated port fuel injectors |
US20090156445A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 | 2009-06-18 | Lam William Y | Lubricant composition suitable for engines fueled by alternate fuels |
EP2072544A1 (de) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-24 | Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. | Triglycerid-Makromonomere |
JP2013516471A (ja) * | 2010-01-06 | 2013-05-13 | ザ・ユニヴァーシティ・オヴ・ノース・キャロライナ・アト・チャペル・ヒル | 薬物の脂肪酸誘導体および類似体 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3030387A (en) * | 1956-08-01 | 1962-04-17 | California Research Corp | Preparation of hydrocarbon substituted succinic acid anhydrides |
US3231587A (en) * | 1960-06-07 | 1966-01-25 | Lubrizol Corp | Process for the preparation of substituted succinic acid compounds |
US3288714A (en) * | 1961-12-06 | 1966-11-29 | Monsanto Co | Lubricating oil compositions containing alkenyl succinic anhydrides |
US3474110A (en) * | 1964-10-09 | 1969-10-21 | Gaf Corp | Process of alkylating cyclic anhydrides |
US4086251A (en) * | 1975-02-10 | 1978-04-25 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Process for manufacturing polyalkenyl succinic anhydrides |
EP0014288B1 (de) * | 1978-12-07 | 1983-06-08 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Verfahren zur Herstellung öllöslicher Derivate ungesättigter C4-C10 Dicarbonsäure-Materialien |
US4472588A (en) * | 1981-11-25 | 1984-09-18 | Bp Chemicals Limited | Production of polyalkenyl succinic anhydrides |
US4434071A (en) * | 1982-01-15 | 1984-02-28 | Texaco Inc. | 1,3-Dibromo dialkylhydantoin and olefin oligomer reaction product as a catalyst for preparing alkenyl dicarboxylic acid anhydride |
US4431825A (en) * | 1982-04-12 | 1984-02-14 | Texaco Inc. | Preparation of alkenyl succinic anhydrides |
JPS58214598A (ja) * | 1982-06-07 | 1983-12-13 | 三菱石油株式会社 | 製紙用サイズ剤 |
DE3411531A1 (de) * | 1984-03-29 | 1985-10-10 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur umsetzung von olefinen mit maleinsaeureanhydrid und verwendung der erhaltenen bernsteinsaeureanhydride zur herstellung von korrosionsschutzmitteln und mineraloelhilfsmitteln |
US4581464A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1986-04-08 | Monsanto Company | Preparation of alkenyl succinic anhydrides |
JP2584802B2 (ja) * | 1987-12-14 | 1997-02-26 | 三菱化学株式会社 | アルケニルコハク酸無水物の製造法 |
GB8818711D0 (en) * | 1988-08-05 | 1988-09-07 | Shell Int Research | Lubricating oil dispersants |
GB9006577D0 (en) * | 1990-03-23 | 1990-05-23 | Shell Int Research | Thermosetting polyol resins and coating compositions based upon such resins |
US5137980A (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1992-08-11 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Ashless dispersants formed from substituted acylating agents and their production and use |
US5071919A (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1991-12-10 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Substituted acylating agents and their production |
-
1993
- 1993-05-04 GB GB939309121A patent/GB9309121D0/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-04-28 US US08/234,045 patent/US5454964A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-04-29 SG SG1995001780A patent/SG46152A1/en unknown
- 1994-04-29 DE DE0623631T patent/DE623631T1/de active Pending
- 1994-04-29 EP EP94303143A patent/EP0623631B1/de not_active Revoked
- 1994-04-29 DE DE69408359T patent/DE69408359T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1994-05-03 CA CA002122791A patent/CA2122791A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-05-03 HU HU9401294A patent/HU213729B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-05-04 CN CN94104780.6A patent/CN1095073A/zh active Pending
- 1994-05-04 MY MYPI94001111A patent/MY131672A/en unknown
- 1994-05-04 BR BR9401863A patent/BR9401863A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-05-06 JP JP6094412A patent/JPH0711275A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SG46152A1 (en) | 1998-02-20 |
GB9309121D0 (en) | 1993-06-16 |
EP0623631B1 (de) | 1998-02-04 |
HU9401294D0 (en) | 1994-08-29 |
MY131672A (en) | 2007-08-30 |
EP0623631A2 (de) | 1994-11-09 |
DE623631T1 (de) | 1996-01-18 |
DE69408359D1 (de) | 1998-03-12 |
HUT66999A (en) | 1995-01-30 |
EP0623631A3 (de) | 1995-06-07 |
HU213729B (en) | 1997-09-29 |
CA2122791A1 (en) | 1994-11-05 |
JPH0711275A (ja) | 1995-01-13 |
BR9401863A (pt) | 1995-03-07 |
US5454964A (en) | 1995-10-03 |
DE69408359T2 (de) | 1998-05-20 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |