CN109496994B - Smart breeding system and breeding method for phascolosoma esculenta in pond - Google Patents
Smart breeding system and breeding method for phascolosoma esculenta in pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN109496994B CN109496994B CN201811514091.5A CN201811514091A CN109496994B CN 109496994 B CN109496994 B CN 109496994B CN 201811514091 A CN201811514091 A CN 201811514091A CN 109496994 B CN109496994 B CN 109496994B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a choerospondias comatus pond intensive culture system and a culture method. The system comprises a water storage area and a culture area, wherein a water inlet and drainage ditch is arranged between the water storage area and the culture area; 2 water storage tanks are arranged in the water storage area, each water storage tank consists of a water storage tank dike, a water storage tank circular ditch and a central shoal surface, and the Sinonovacula constricta is raised on the central shoal surface; a plurality of culture ponds are arranged in the culture area, each culture pond consists of a culture pond dike, a culture pond circular ditch, a culture pond longitudinal ditch and a Chengqu, and the Chengqu is released to breed the Phascolosoma esculenta; and one end of the reservoir and one end of the culture pond are provided with a water inlet and outlet I and a water inlet and outlet II which are communicated with the water inlet and outlet channel. The method for breeding the phascolosoma esculenta by using the system comprises the technical links of stocking preparation, fry stocking, medium-term stocking, breeding management, harvesting and the like. The invention miniaturizes the culture pond, is convenient for intensive culture operation and management, has high culture survival rate and good quality, can harvest sinonovacula constricta while harvesting the phascolosoma esculenta, and obviously improves the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a choerospondias axillaris pond intensive culture system and a culture method.
Background
The Phascolosoma esculenta is one of important economic species of the phylum Sipunculus animal, is mainly distributed in the southeast coast of China, inhabits in intertidal zone camp living, and takes benthic diatoms and organic debris as food. Phascolosoma esculenta has dietetic therapy effects of nourishing yin to reduce pathogenic fire, invigorating kidney, improving intelligence, resisting aging, relieving fatigue, and resisting radiation, and is known as "animal radix Panacis Quinquefolii" or "Cordyceps" in the sea. The phascolosoma esculenta has strong adaptability to the environment, is miscellaneous in feeding and easy to breed, and is an ideal excellent breeding breed.
The breeding technology of Phascolosoma esculenta is already reported. The invention patent application CN 106665504A discloses a high-yield breeding method of phascolosoma esculenta, which adopts a paddy field breeding mode to breed 300-400kg/667m of a 3 cm-full-length phascolosoma esculenta seedling2In the culture periodApplying chicken manure, pouring seawater once a day, storing water for 2-3h, draining water and dew, culturing for 10 months until the total length reaches 8.2cm, and the yield is 650 plus 700kg/667m2. The ' high-density cultivation technology of phascolosoma esculenta ' was published in 2017 in the journal of scientific Fish culture ', and 1500 phascolosoma esculenta seedlings are released and cultured 900 phascolosoma esculenta seeds/m in a pond cultivation mode2Before stocking, 35g of fermented chicken manure and 25g of wheat bran are put in each square meter to serve as base fertilizers, artificial feed is additionally fed every day during the breeding period, the feeding amount is about 2% of the total weight of the phascolosoma esculenta, water is changed once every week, the exposure time is less than 6h, and the standard of the breeding is more than 10cm after 5 months. The method is equal to that in 2004, the artificial cultivation test of the phascolosoma esculenta is published in the journal of aquiculture, the cultivation of the phascolosoma esculenta is carried out in a reclamation land, and 2000 seedlings of the phascolosoma esculenta are released and cultivated at 1500-2Farmyard manure or urea and calcium superphosphate are used as fertilizers for artificial cultivation for 6-8 months, the specification reaches 600 pieces/kg, the yield is 755-2. Liuruiyi published 'Phascolosoma esculenta culture technical point' in journal of scientific fish culture in 2006, 800 pieces/kg of 1500 pieces/kg of Phascolosoma esculenta seedlings 600 pieces/m are released and cultured in pond2Each 667m before stocking215-30kg of rice bran or 100kg of organic fertilizer (chicken manure and pigeon manure) is applied to culture benthic diatom, urea, calcium superphosphate or pellet are applied during the culture period, and the specification reaches 500 pieces/kg after 6-9 months of culture. Wanfang published a saline-alkali soil ecological breeding Phascolosoma esculenta test in 2013 in journal of scientific Fish culture, and adopts a pond-surrounding land to breed Phascolosoma esculenta, and breeds 1500-plus-2000-strips/kg-strips/600-plus-800-strips/m-strip Phascolosoma esculenta seedlings2The benthic diatoms are cultivated by taking chicken manure as fertilizer, artificial baits such as fish meal, bean flour, compound feed and the like are fed in the middle and later stages of cultivation, the cultivation period is 18 months, the specification reaches 8-10cm, 600 pieces/kg of fertilizer is obtained by adding 300 pieces/kg, and the yield is 521kg/667m2。
However, the above breeding technology of phascolosoma esculenta has the following disadvantages or shortcomings: the area of the aquaculture pond is large, which is not beneficial to implementing intensive culture and doing good culture management; secondly, thinning and separate culture are not carried out in the culture process, so that the growth is influenced in the middle and later culture periods due to overhigh density, and the production of large-size prototheca fasciata products is not facilitated; thirdly, farmyard manure such as chicken manure is applied in the breeding process, so that the quality safety of the phascolosoma esculenta breeding product is influenced; fourthly, the culture tail water is directly discharged without being recycled, and pollutes the surrounding water environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a choerospondias europaea pond intensive culture system and a culture method, which comprise the steps of constructing the choerospondias europaea pond intensive culture system and the choerospondias europaea culture method implemented based on the system. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a coriolus versicolor pond intensive culture system comprises a water storage area and a culture area, wherein a water inlet and drainage ditch is arranged between the water storage area and the culture area; 2 water storage tanks are arranged in the water storage area, a water storage tank dike is arranged at the edge of each water storage tank, a water storage tank circular ditch is dug around the bottom of each water storage tank, and a central beach surface is arranged in the center of the bottom of each water storage tank; a plurality of breeding ponds are built in the breeding area, breeding pond dikes are arranged at the edges of the breeding ponds, breeding pond circular ditches are dug around the bottom of each breeding pond, a plurality of field fins are arranged along the longitudinal direction of each breeding pond, breeding pond longitudinal ditches are arranged between every two adjacent field fins, and the bottom of each breeding pond is muddy; one end of the reservoir is provided with a plurality of water inlet and outlet ports I communicated with the water inlet and outlet channels, and one end of the culture pond is provided with a water inlet and outlet port II communicated with the water inlet and outlet channels.
Preferably, the total area of the Phascolosoma esculenta pond intensive culture system is 25000-2The area ratio of the water storage area to the culture area is 1:3-4, and the area of the water storage area is 5000-10000m2The area of the culture area is 20000-2。
Preferably, the width of the water inlet and drainage ditch is 0.5-0.7m, and the depth of the water inlet and drainage ditch is 0.6-0.8 m; the width of the dike of the reservoir dike is 0.8-1.0m, the height of the dike is 1.5-1.8m, the width of the circular ditch of the reservoir is 5-7m, and the depth of the circular ditch is 0.3-0.5 m; the water depth of the impounded water reservoir is kept to be 1.0-1.3m from the bottom of the annular ditch of the impounded water reservoir.
Preferably, the area of the culture pond is 800-1500m2(ii) a The width of the culture pond bank is 0.6-0.8m, and the height is 0.5-0.6 m; the width of the annular ditch of the culture pond is 0.8-1m, and the depth of the annular ditch is 0.3-0.4 m; the width of the Chengqi is 2.0-2.3 m; the width of the longitudinal ditch of the culture pond is 0.3-0.4m, and the depth of the longitudinal ditch is 0.15-0.25 m.
The method for culturing the phascolosoma esculenta based on the phascolosoma esculenta pond intensive culture system comprises the following steps of:
(1) preparing stocking: firstly plowing the Chengqing noodle in the breeding pond, mashing soil blocks, harrowing and combing evenly, then flattening and smoothing the Chengqing noodle, making into a 'road shape' with slightly high middle part, 7-10d before stocking, 5-10cm after feeding water, and using bleaching powder 15-20kg/667m2Or using 120-150kg/667m2Removing the pests with quicklime, draining water to expose Chengqing plane after 7 days of pond cleaning, and breeding offspring seeds;
(2) fry stocking: uniformly scattering the Phanerochaete Purpureae fingerlings in the breeding pond by adopting a scattering method so as to enable the Phanerochaete Purpureae fingerlings to naturally dig into mud, and breeding the Sinonovacula constricta fingerlings on the central shoal surface in the water storage pond;
(3) medium-term nutrient culture: 3-4 months after the phascolosoma esculenta seedlings are put in culture, when the specification reaches 1000 pieces/kg plus 500 pieces/kg, the seedling thinning and separate culture are carried out, and the culture density after the separate culture is controlled at 400 pieces/m plus 300 pieces/m plus 400 pieces/m2；
(4) Cultivation management: comprises feeding, storing water and dry dew, finishing the field of Chengqing, removing harm, patrolling the pond and recording;
(5) the Phascolosoma esculenta in the culture pond and the Sinonovacula constricta in the water storage pond are respectively captured.
Preferably, in the step (2), the bred phascolosoma esculenta larvae are required to be brown, have no damage and have strong vitality; the stocking time is 3-5 months per year; sorting according to the size of the specification before stocking, and stocking different specifications of phascolosoma esculenta seedlings by pond, wherein the stocking density of 1500-2000 phascolosoma esculenta seedlings/kg is 700-800 phascolosoma esculenta seedlings/m2The stocking density of 2500 cysticercus revoluta seedlings of 2000-2The stocking density of 2500 plus 3000 phascolosoma esculenta seeds is 900 plus 1000 pieces/m2。
Preferably, in the step (2), the sinonovacula constricta lamarck fry seed shells for stocking are 2.1-2.5cm in length, and the stocking density is 60-100 grains/m2。
Preferably, in the step (4), the feeding method comprises the following steps: feeding the phascolosoma esculenta fries 3-5 days after stocking, feeding the phascolosoma esculenta fries for 1 time every 15-20 days by taking soybean meal as a feed, and draining water to expose the Chengji noodles before feeding each time; the culture period is divided into three stages of early culture, middle culture and later culture, each stage is 2-3 months, and the feed amount of each time in the early culture stage is 0.1-0.2kg/m2The feed amount of each time in the middle stage of cultivation is 0.3-0.4kg/m2The feed amount of each time in the later period of cultivation is 0.2-0.3kg/m2(ii) a Little or no feed is fed in winter; the feeding method comprises spreading semen glycines powder on Chengqing noodle.
Preferably, in the step (4), the water storage and dew drying method comprises the following steps: feeding water 5-7 days after the Phascolosoma esculenta offspring seed is bred, feeding water to the Chengqing plane at 4-5 pm, keeping the water depth to 5-10cm, draining water to expose the Chengqing plane at 7-8 am next day, keeping the Chengqing plane dry and waterless for 2-3 days, only keeping the water in the ditch, and repeating the water storage and the dry and waterless every 2-3 days for 1 time.
Preferably, in the step (4), the method for preparing the Chengqing comprises the following steps: every time throw and raise the back and carry out whole Chengqing at once, push away silt and organic deposit in the ditch and breed Chengqing noodle, press into "road shape" after loosening the soil with Chengqing noodle simultaneously; the method for removing the pests comprises the following steps: cleaning up enemy organisms which are one or more of fish, shrimp, crab and enteromorpha in the field of dry Chengji noodle dew; during the culture period, the pond inspection needs to be carried out frequently, the growth measurement is carried out periodically, and the culture log is recorded.
Preferably, in the step (5), after the phascolosoma esculenta is bred for 6-9 months from the breeding of the self-offspring seeds, when the breeding specification reaches 160-; the method for catching the phascolosoma esculenta comprises the steps of draining the pond water to expose the field of the field; when the sinonovacula constricta culturing specification reaches the shell length of 5.5-6.1cm, the sinonovacula constricta culturing survival rate can reach 75% -85%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention miniaturizes the culture pond and is convenient for intensive culture operation management.
(2) According to the method, the phascolosoma esculenta seedlings are put in stocking according to different specifications and different densities, so that the reasonable utilization of the breeding space and bait for breeding the phascolosoma esculenta is facilitated.
(3) The invention carries out thinning and separate culture in the middle culture period, is beneficial to promoting the growth of the phascolosoma esculenta in the middle and later culture periods, and produces large-size phascolosoma esculenta products.
(4) The method does not apply farmyard manure such as chicken manure and the like in the culture process, but applies the soybean meal, so that the feeding and nutrition requirements of the cultured phascolosoma esculenta can be guaranteed, and the quality safety of the cultured phascolosoma esculenta can be guaranteed.
(5) The culture tail water is not discharged outside, and can be recycled after being filtered and purified by the sinonovacula constricta in the water reservoir, so that the surrounding water environment is not polluted.
In conclusion, the invention is convenient for the intensive culture operation management of the phascolosoma esculenta, has high culture survival rate and good finished product quality, and can harvest the sinonovacula constricta while harvesting the phascolosoma esculenta, thereby obviously improving the culture economic benefit.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the overall structure of a Phascolosoma esculenta pond intensive culture system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic enlarged plan view of a reservoir of the Phascolosoma esculenta pond intensive culture system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic enlarged plan view of a culture pond of the precision culture system of Phascolosoma esculenta pond;
reference numerals: 1. a reservoir; 2. a water inlet and a water outlet; 3. a culture pond; 4. a reservoir dike; 5. a culture pond dike; 6. a water inlet and outlet I; 7. a central beach surface; 8. a circular ditch of the reservoir; 9. chengqi; 10. longitudinal ditches of the culture pond; 11. a culture pond circular ditch; 12. and a water inlet and outlet II.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A pond intensive culture system and a culture method for phascolosoma esculenta comprise the technical links of culture system construction, stocking preparation, fry stocking, medium-term separate culture, culture management, harvesting and the like, and are concretely described as follows.
1. Farming system construction
As shown in figures 1-3, the delicate culture system of the phascolosoma esculenta pond comprises a water storage area and a culture area, wherein a water inlet and drainage ditch 2 is arranged between the water storage area and the culture area, the width of the water inlet and drainage ditch 2 is 0.7m, and the depth of the water inlet and drainage ditch is 0.8 m. The total area of the intensive culture system of the phascolosoma esculenta pond is 32700m2The area of the water storage area is 8000m2The area of the culture area is 24700m2。
2 water reservoirs 1 are arranged in the water storage area, a water reservoir dike 4 is arranged at the edge of each water reservoir 1, the width of the dike 4 of each water reservoir dike is 1.0m, and the height of each dike is 1.8 m. A water storage tank circular ditch 8 is dug around the bottom of the water storage tank 1, the width of the water storage tank circular ditch 8 is 7m, and the depth of the water storage tank circular ditch is 0.3-0.5 m. The central part of the bottom of the water storage tank 1 is a central beach surface 7, and sinonovacula constricta lamarck 60-100 granules/m with the shell length of 2.1-2.5cm is stocked on the central beach surface 7 of the bottom of the water storage tank2. The water depth (at the ring ditch) of the impounding reservoir 1 is kept to be 1.0-1.3m after impounding.
16 breeding ponds 3 are built in the breeding area and are arranged side by side. The edge of the culture pond 3 is provided with a culture pond dike 5, and the width of the culture pond dike 5 is 0.6-0.8m and the height of the culture pond dike 5 is 0.5-0.6 m. The culture pond circular ditch 11 is dug at the periphery of the bottom of the culture pond 3, the width of the culture pond circular ditch 11 is 0.8-1m, and the depth of the culture pond circular ditch is 0.3-0.4 m. A plurality of Chengqing 9 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the breeding pond 3, and the width of the Chengqing 9 is 2.0-2.3 m. A culture pond longitudinal ditch 10 is arranged between every two adjacent field Cheng 9, the width of the culture pond longitudinal ditch 10 is 0.3-0.4cm, and the depth of the ditch is 0.15-0.25 m. The bottom of the culture pond 3 is made of mud.
One end of the reservoir 1 is provided with 2 water inlet and outlet ports I6 communicated with the water inlet and outlet ditch 2, and one end of the culture pond 3 is provided with a water inlet and outlet port II 12 communicated with the water inlet and outlet ditch 2. When water enters the culture pond 3, the water is introduced from the water storage tank 1, and when water is drained from the culture pond 3, the water is discharged into the water storage tank 1; the sinonovacula constricta in the water storage tank 1 plays a role in purifying water quality through filtering and eating. When the water quantity of the reservoir 1 is reduced naturally (evaporation, seepage and the like), natural seawater is introduced, so that the water depth (the position of a circular ditch) of the reservoir 1 is kept at 1.0-1.3 m.
2. Preparation for stocking
Plowing the Chengqing noodle, mashing soil blocks, harrowing and combing evenly. Then flatly smoothing the Chengqing noodle and making into a 'road shape' with a slightly higher middle part. 7-10 days before stocking, adding water to pass ChengChengji noodle 5-10cm, and adding bleaching powder 15-20kg/667m2And (5) clearing the pond and removing the harm. And (5) draining water to expose the Chengqing noodles after 7d of pond cleaning, and starting stocking the offspring seeds.
3. Stocking offspring seeds
The bred phascolosoma esculenta offspring seeds are required to be brown, have no damage and have strong vitality. Sorting according to specification before stocking, stocking the fingerlings of different specifications in different ponds, and referring to table 1 for the specification and stocking density of the fingerlings. The stocking time is 3 middle ten days. Spreading the fingerlings on the Chengqing noodle uniformly by a scatter sowing method, and naturally drilling the fingerlings into the mud.
TABLE 1 Phascolosoma esculenta offspring seed specification and stocking density
| Fingerling specification (strip/kg) | 1500-2000 | 2000-2500 | 2500-3000 |
| Stocking density (strips/m)2) | 700-800 | 800-900 | 900-1000 |
4. Middle stage nutrient
3-4 months after the Phascolosoma esculenta seedlings are stocked, the specification reaches 5When the density is 00-1000 per kg, thinning and separate culturing are carried out, and the culturing density after separate culturing is controlled at 400 per m2。
5. Breeding management
(1) Feed and feeding
Feeding the phascolosoma esculenta fries 3-5 days after stocking, feeding the phascolosoma esculenta fries for 1 time every 15-20 days by taking soybean meal as feed, and draining water to expose the Chengjiang noodles before feeding each time. 4-6 months (early culture period), and the feed amount is 0.1-0.2kg/m2(ii) a 7-9 months (middle period of cultivation), and the feed amount is 0.3-0.4kg/m2(ii) a The feed amount of each time is 0.2-0.3kg/m for 10-11 months (late stage of cultivation)2(ii) a No feed was administered for 12 months. The feeding method comprises spreading semen glycines powder on Chengqing noodle.
(2) Water storage and drying lotion
Feeding water 5-7 days after the Phascolosoma esculenta offspring seed is bred, generally feeding water to the Chengqu plane at 4-5 pm to accumulate water 5-10cm, draining water to expose the Chengqu plane at 7-8 am next day, keeping the Chengqu plane dry and waterless for 2-3 days, only reserving water in the ditch, and repeating the water accumulation and the dry and waterless for 1 time every 2-3 days.
(3) ChengCheng Cheng (field of medicine)
Throwing to feed the back at every turn and carry out whole Chengqing at once, be about to silt and organic deposit in the ditch push away breed Chengqing noodle, press into "road shape" after loosening the soil with Chengqing noodle simultaneously.
(4) Removing harmful substances
And removing harmful organisms such as fish, shrimp, crab and enteromorpha in the dry state of the Chengji noodle.
(5) Pool patrol and record
During the cultivation period of the phascolosoma esculenta, the inspection of the pond is carried out frequently, the growth measurement is carried out periodically, and the cultivation log is recorded.
6. Harvesting and catching
After 9 months of culture, the survival rate of the phascolosoma esculenta is 78 percent, the specification is 180 pieces/kg, and the yield is 884kg/667m2. The survival rate of the Sinonovacula constricta in the water reservoir is 80 percent, the shell length is 5.5-6.1cm, the yield is 320kg/667m2(the yield of the phaeocystis comatus and the sinonovacula constricta are the net yield of the Tanbian).
Example 2
A pond intensive culture system and a culture method for phascolosoma esculenta comprise the technical links of culture system construction, stocking preparation, fry stocking, medium-term separate culture, culture management, harvesting and the like, and are concretely described as follows.
1. Farming system construction
As shown in figures 1-3, the delicate culture system of the phascolosoma esculenta pond comprises a water storage area and a culture area, wherein a water inlet and drainage ditch 2 is arranged between the water storage area and the culture area, the width of the water inlet and drainage ditch 2 is 0.7m, and the depth of the water inlet and drainage ditch is 0.8 m. The total area of the intensive culture system of the phascolosoma esculenta pond is 30000m2The area of the water storage area is 6700m2The area of the culture area is 23300m2。
2 water reservoirs 1 are arranged in the water storage area, a water reservoir dike 4 is arranged at the edge of each water reservoir 1, the width of the dike 4 of each water reservoir dike is 1.0m, and the height of each dike is 1.7 m. A water storage tank circular ditch 8 is dug around the bottom of the water storage tank 1, the width of the water storage tank circular ditch 8 is 7m, and the depth of the water storage tank circular ditch is 0.3-0.5 m. The central part of the bottom of the water storage tank 1 is provided with a plurality of central mudflat surfaces 7, and the central mudflat surfaces 7 of the bottom of the water storage tank are used for stocking sinonovacula constricta 60-100 granules/m with the shell length of 2.1-2.5cm2. The water depth (at the ring ditch) of the impounding reservoir 1 is kept to be 1.0-1.3m after impounding.
15 breeding ponds 3 are built in the breeding area and are arranged side by side. The edge of the culture pond 3 is provided with a culture pond dike 5, and the width of the culture pond dike 5 is 0.6-0.8m and the height of the culture pond dike 5 is 0.5-0.6 m. The culture pond circular ditch 11 is dug at the periphery of the bottom of the culture pond 3, the width of the culture pond circular ditch 11 is 0.8-1m, and the depth of the culture pond circular ditch is 0.3-0.4 m. A plurality of Chengqing 9 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the breeding pond 3, and the width of the Chengqing 9 is 2.0-2.3 m. A culture pond longitudinal ditch 10 is arranged between every two adjacent field Cheng 9, the width of the culture pond longitudinal ditch 10 is 0.3-0.4cm, and the depth of the ditch is 0.15-0.25 m. The bottom of the culture pond 3 is made of mud.
One end of the reservoir 1 is provided with 2 water inlet and outlet ports I6 communicated with the water inlet and outlet ditch 2, and one end of the culture pond 3 is provided with a water inlet and outlet port II 12 communicated with the water inlet and outlet ditch 2. When water enters the culture pond 3, the water is introduced from the water storage tank 1, and when water is drained from the culture pond 3, the water is discharged into the water storage tank 1; the sinonovacula constricta in the water storage tank 1 plays a role in purifying water quality through filtering and eating. When the water quantity of the reservoir 1 is reduced naturally (evaporation, seepage and the like), natural seawater is introduced, so that the water depth (the position of a circular ditch) of the reservoir 1 is kept at 1.0-1.3 m.
2. Preparation for stocking
Plowing the Chengqing noodle, mashing soil blocks, harrowing and combing evenly. Then flatly smoothing the Chengqing noodle and making into a 'road shape' with a slightly higher middle part. 7-10 days before stocking, adding water to pass ChengChengji noodle 5-10cm, and adding bleaching powder 15-20kg/667m2And (5) clearing the pond and removing the harm. And (5) draining water to expose the Chengqing noodles after 7d of pond cleaning, and starting stocking the offspring seeds.
3. Stocking offspring seeds
The bred phascolosoma esculenta offspring seeds are required to be brown, have no damage and have strong vitality. Sorting according to specification before stocking, stocking the fingerlings of different specifications in different ponds, and referring to table 2 for the specification and stocking density of the fingerlings. The stocking time is 3 late ten days. Spreading the fingerlings on the Chengqing noodle uniformly by a scatter sowing method, and naturally drilling the fingerlings into the mud.
TABLE 2 Phascolosoma esculenta offspring seed specification and stocking density
| Fingerling specification (strip/kg) | 1500-2000 | 2000-2500 | 2500-3000 |
| Stocking density (strips/m)2) | 700-800 | 800-900 | 900-1000 |
4. Middle stage nutrient
Phascolosoma esculenta fry3-4 months after cultivation, when the specification reaches 500 plus materials 1000 strips/kg, the seedling thinning and separate cultivation is carried out, and the cultivation density after separate cultivation is controlled at 300 plus materials 400 strips/m2。
5. Breeding management
(1) Feed and feeding
Feeding the phascolosoma esculenta fries 3-5 days after stocking, feeding the phascolosoma esculenta fries for 1 time every 15-20 days by taking soybean meal as feed, and draining water to expose the Chengjiang noodles before feeding each time. 4-6 months, the feed amount is 0.1-0.2kg/m2(ii) a For 7-9 months, the feed amount is 0.3-0.4kg/m2(ii) a The feed amount is 0.2-0.3kg/m for 10-11 months2(ii) a No feed was administered for 12 months. The feeding method comprises spreading semen glycines powder on Chengqing noodle.
(2) Water storage and drying lotion
Feeding water 5-7 days after the Phascolosoma esculenta offspring seed is bred, generally feeding water to the Chengqu plane at 4-5 pm to accumulate water 5-10cm, draining water to expose the Chengqu plane at 7-8 am next day, keeping the Chengqu plane dry and waterless for 2-3 days, only reserving water in the ditch, and repeating the water accumulation and the dry and waterless for 1 time every 2-3 days.
(3) ChengCheng Cheng (field of medicine)
Throwing to feed the back at every turn and carry out whole Chengqing at once, be about to silt and organic deposit in the ditch push away breed Chengqing noodle, press into "road shape" after loosening the soil with Chengqing noodle simultaneously.
(4) Removing harmful substances
And removing harmful organisms such as fish, shrimp, crab and enteromorpha in the dry state of the Chengji noodle.
(5) Pool patrol and record
During the cultivation period of the phascolosoma esculenta, the inspection of the pond is carried out frequently, the growth measurement is carried out periodically, and the cultivation log is recorded.
6. Harvesting and catching
After 9 months of culture, the survival rate of the phascolosoma esculenta is 80 percent, the specification is 175 plus 195 pieces/kg, the yield is 916kg/667m2. The survival rate of the Sinonovacula constricta in the water reservoir is 82 percent, the shell length is 5.5-6.1cm, and the yield is 350kg/667m2(the yield of the phaeocystis comatus and the sinonovacula constricta are the net yield of the Tanbian).
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. The method for culturing the phascolosoma esculenta by using the phascolosoma esculenta pond intensive culture system is characterized in that the phascolosoma esculenta pond intensive culture system comprises a water storage area and a culture area, wherein a water inlet and drainage ditch is arranged between the water storage area and the culture area; 2 water reservoirs are built in the water storage area, a water reservoir dike is arranged at the edge of each water reservoir, a water reservoir circular ditch is dug around the bottom of each water reservoir, and a plurality of central beach surfaces are arranged in the center of the bottom of each water reservoir; a plurality of breeding ponds are built in the breeding area, breeding pond dikes are arranged at the edges of the breeding ponds, breeding pond circular ditches are dug around the bottom of each breeding pond, a plurality of field fins are arranged along the longitudinal direction of each breeding pond, breeding pond longitudinal ditches are arranged between every two adjacent field fins, and the bottom of each breeding pond is muddy; one end of the water storage tank is provided with a plurality of water inlet and outlet ports I communicated with the water inlet and outlet channels, and one end of the culture pond is provided with a water inlet and outlet port II communicated with the water inlet and outlet channels;
the method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing stocking: firstly plowing the Chengqing noodle in the breeding pond, mashing soil blocks, harrowing and combing evenly, then flattening and smoothing the Chengqing noodle, making into a 'road shape' with slightly high middle part, 7-10d before stocking, 5-10cm after feeding water, and using bleaching powder 15-20kg/667m2Or using 120-150kg/667m2Removing the pests with quicklime, draining water to expose Chengqing plane after 7 days of pond cleaning, and breeding offspring seeds;
2) fry stocking: uniformly scattering the Phanerochaete Purpureae fingerlings in the breeding pond by adopting a scattering method so as to enable the Phanerochaete Purpureae fingerlings to naturally dig into mud, and breeding the Sinonovacula constricta fingerlings on the central shoal surface in the water storage pond;
3) medium-term nutrient culture: 3-4 months after the phascolosoma esculenta seedlings are put in culture, when the specification reaches 1000 pieces/kg plus 500 pieces/kg, the seedling thinning and separate culture are carried out, and the culture density after the separate culture is controlled at 400 pieces/m plus 300 pieces/m plus 400 pieces/m2；
4) Cultivation management: comprises feeding, storing water and dry dew, finishing the field of Chengqing, removing harm, patrolling the pond and recording;
5) respectively catching the phascolosoma esculenta in the culture pond and the sinonovacula constricta in the water storage pond;
in the step 2), the bred phascolosoma esculenta offspring seed body is brown, has no damage and is strong in vitality; the stocking time is 3-5 months per year; sorting according to the size of the specification before stocking, and stocking different specifications of phascolosoma esculenta seedlings by pond, wherein the stocking density of 1500-2000 phascolosoma esculenta seedlings/kg is 700-800 phascolosoma esculenta seedlings/m2The stocking density of 2500 cysticercus revoluta seedlings of 2000-2The stocking density of 2500 plus 3000 phascolosoma esculenta seeds is 900 plus 1000 pieces/m2；
The feeding method in the step 4) is as follows: feeding the phascolosoma esculenta fries 3-5 days after stocking, feeding the phascolosoma esculenta fries for 1 time every 15-20 days by taking soybean meal as a feed, and draining water to expose the Chengji noodles before feeding each time; the culture period is divided into three stages of early culture, middle culture and later culture, each stage is 2-3 months, and the feed amount of each time in the early culture stage is 0.1-0.2kg/m2The feed amount of each time in the middle stage of cultivation is 0.3-0.4kg/m2The feed amount of each time in the later period of cultivation is 0.2-0.3kg/m2(ii) a Little or no feed is fed in winter; the feeding method comprises uniformly spreading semen glycines powder on Chengqing noodle;
the method for storing water and dew in the step 4) is as follows: feeding water 5-7 days after the Phascolosoma esculenta offspring seed is bred, feeding water to the Chengqing plane at 4-5 pm, keeping the water depth to 5-10cm, draining water to expose the Chengqing plane at 7-8 am next day, keeping the Chengqing plane dry and waterless for 2-3 days, only keeping the water accumulated in the ditch, and repeating the water storage and the dry and waterless for 1 time every 2-3 days;
the method for preparing Chengqing in the step 4) is as follows: every time throw and raise the back and carry out whole Chengqing at once, push away silt and organic deposit in the ditch and breed Chengqing noodle, press into "road shape" after loosening the soil with Chengqing noodle simultaneously; the method for removing the pests comprises the following steps: cleaning up enemy organisms which are one or more of fish, shrimp, crab and enteromorpha in the field of dry Chengji noodle dew; during the culture period, the pond inspection needs to be carried out frequently, the growth measurement is carried out periodically, and a culture log is recorded;
in the step 5), after the phascolosoma esculenta is bred for 6-9 months from the breeding of the self-offspring seeds, when the breeding specification reaches 160-200 pieces/kg, the phascolosoma esculenta can be harvested and marketed, and the breeding survival rate of the phascolosoma esculenta can reach 72-80%; the method for catching the phascolosoma esculenta comprises the steps of draining the pond water to expose the field of the field; when the sinonovacula constricta culturing specification reaches the shell length of 5.5-6.1cm, the sinonovacula constricta culturing survival rate can reach 75% -85%;
after the phascolosoma esculenta is bred for 6-9 months from the breeding of the phascolosoma esculenta self-offspring seeds, when the breeding specification reaches 160-200 pieces/kg, the phascolosoma esculenta can be harvested and put on the market, and the breeding survival rate of the phascolosoma esculenta can reach 72-80 percent; the method for catching the phascolosoma esculenta comprises the steps of draining the pond water to expose the field of the field; when the sinonovacula constricta culturing specification reaches the shell length of 5.5-6.1cm, the sinonovacula constricta culturing survival rate can reach 75% -85%.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the total area of the eleuthis omenii pond intensive culture system is 25000-2The area ratio of the water storage area to the culture area is 1:3-4, and the area of the water storage area is 5000-10000m2The area of the culture area is 20000-2(ii) a The width of the water inlet and drainage ditch is 0.5-0.7m, and the depth of the water inlet and drainage ditch is 0.6-0.8 m; the width of the dike of the reservoir dike is 0.8-1.0m, the height of the dike is 1.5-1.8m, the width of the circular ditch of the reservoir is 5-7m, and the depth of the circular ditch is 0.3-0.5 m; the water depth of the impounded water reservoir is kept to be 1.0-1.3m from the bottom of the annular ditch of the impounded water reservoir.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the area of the culture pond is 800-2(ii) a The width of the culture pond bank is 0.6-0.8m, and the height of the culture pond bank is 0.5-0.6 m; the width of the annular ditch of the culture pond is 0.8-1m, and the depth of the annular ditch is 0.3-0.4 m; the width of the Chengqi is 2.0-2.3 m; the width of the longitudinal ditch of the culture pond is 0.3-0.4cm, and the depth of the ditch is 0.15-0.25 m.
4. The farming method of claim 1, wherein: in step (2), for stockingThe shell length of Sinonovacula constricta Lamarck offspring seed is 2.1-2.5cm, and the stocking density is 60-100 granules/m2。
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