CN109429918A - A kind of cereal-forage rotation method - Google Patents
A kind of cereal-forage rotation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109429918A CN109429918A CN201811244140.8A CN201811244140A CN109429918A CN 109429918 A CN109429918 A CN 109429918A CN 201811244140 A CN201811244140 A CN 201811244140A CN 109429918 A CN109429918 A CN 109429918A
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- cereal
- forage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cereal-forage rotation methods, using rice field, nonirrigated farmland as sowing ground, and army provisions are planted after handling again rice field after rice harvesting, when it is overwintering to next spring when cradled completely, re-planting paddy or other crops, realize the crop rotation in field, have both improved the utilization rate in field, the yield for increasing army provisions again meets domestic animal in the green forage of winter-spring season；It solves the feed resource of Herbivores, alleviates the pressure of native pasture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cereal-forage rotation methods.
Background technique
Army provisions refer to that the military materials such as forage, forage, army provisions are divided into two parts, and a part is grain, the food of army, including grain
Food, water, salt, fragrance etc.；A part is grass, the grain of horses, that is, forage, further includes herbal medicine.Annual ryegrass
(LoliummultiflorumLam.) it is called Itanlian rye, as common feed stripped.Annual ryegrass nutritive value
Height, crude protein content 12%--15% in dry matter, crude fibre 14%~16%, nitrogen-free extracts 40%~45%.Palatability
Good, easy to digest, various domestic animals are fond of；Annual ryegrass regeneration power is strong, the rapid restoration ecosystem of energy after cradling, but Post flowering is planted
Strain Mortality or grass yield reduce.
Be usually at present to be provided by native pasture to the source of army provisions, due to native pasture production capacity you by natural item
The limitation of part, yield is not high, especially winter-spring season period, does not grow under the army provisions low output of native pasture growth or grain
Grass causes the green forage of the winter-spring season of domestic animal insufficient.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cereal-forage rotation method that yield is high, this method is carried out using idle field
Plantation, realizes the crop rotation in field, has not only improved the use in field, but also increase the yield of army provisions, has solved the problems, such as to mitigate while army provisions
The pressure of native pasture meets the green forage of domestic animal.
Cereal-forage rotation method provided by the invention the following steps are included:
Step 1: choosing idle rice field or nonirrigated farmland as sowing ground, and apply base manure before turning over；
Step 2: site preparation makes one of following land preparation mode according to sowing:
1) nonirrigated farmland or drained water rice field turn over or rotary tillage formed hole, trench digging do furrow；
2) rice field cannot drain in time what water was turned over, do furrow in rice harvesting post-trenching, the soil ditched out is laid in furrow
On face；
Step 3: sowing carries out unicast or mixed seeding in annual end of August to drilling during November or point broadcast mode；
Step 4: field management, including following management:
1) it cuts weeds；
2) composition fertilizer or urea top dressing: are imposed after each mow；
3) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
4) overwinter management: when temperature is lower than 5 °, stop mowing, fertilising is irrigated；
5) it irrigates；
Step 5: cradling, make to cradle for the first time when plant strain growth is to 20cm or more, height for the stubble left 5cm；It is cut from for the second time
It has been cut that, start to cradle when plant turf height reaches 45cm~50cm every time, the height for the stubble left is 3cm~4cm；Until the coming year five
Last time is carried out before the plantation of beginning of the month crop sown in spring to cradle.
Further, described to turn over 30cm~35cm；Rotary tillage 15cm~20cm.
Further, the drilling in the step 3 and program request line-spacing are 25cm~30cm.
Further, the mixed seeding in the step 3 includes crop and pale reddish brown smooth leaf sweet potato, crop and arrow tongue, the pale reddish brown light
The dosage of leaf sweet potato and the arrow tongue is no more than crop.
Further, the unicast in the step 3 is 15kg/hm2~22kg/hm2, mixed seeding 15kg/hm2。
Further, the composition fertilizer or urea are 45kg/hm2~75kg/hm2。
Further, cradling in the step 5 cradles when weeds are excessive or the plant of illness reaches 20cm or more.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: cereal-forage rotation method provided by the invention carries out grain using idle rice field, nonirrigated farmland
Grass planting, and sowed in annual end of August to during November, enable crop in the seasonal growth of winter in spring, realizes field
Crop rotation, had not only improved the utilization rate in field, but also increased the yield of army provisions, met domestic animal in the green forage of winter-spring season；It solves
The feed resource of Herbivores, alleviates the pressure of native pasture.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment is combined to be described in further detail the application technical solution claimed herein.
Claimed technical solution of the invention is a kind of cereal-forage rotation method, and this method can be used for planting any one
Kind army provisions conduct, herein makees specifically specifically cereal-forage rotation method provided by the present invention by taking annual ryegrass as an example
It is bright.
The cereal-forage rotation method the following steps are included:
Step 1: sow the selection on ground, select topography is relatively flat, irrigation and drainage easily idle rice field or nonirrigated farmland as broadcasting
Kind, and barnyard manure (farmyard manure) 20000kg/hm is applied before turning over2~40000kg/hm2Make base manure；
Step 2: site preparation makes one of following land preparation mode according to sowing:
1) it nonirrigated farmland or has drained the rice field of water and turns over 30cm~35cm or rotary tillage 15cm~20cm, fine heavy duty harrow one to two
All over and remove weeds, suppress plot after broken soil block, keep soil particle carefully even, form hole, porosity is suitable for；Meanwhile trench digging is done
Furrow, ditch depth 30cm, the direction of wide 30cm, furrow are fixed in order to irrigation and drainage, every wide 2m~3m of furrow according to landform；
2) rice field cannot drain in time what water was turned over, 3d~5d can ditch in time after rice harvesting and do furrow, ditch out
Soil be laid in furrow face, ditch depth 20cm, wide 20cm；It the direction of furrow should be fixed in order to irrigation and drainage, every wide 1.5m~3m of furrow according to landform.
Start to sow when rice field is without ponding；
Step 3: sowing, the end of August after rice harvesting, can be in October in low altitude area warm area to sowing by the end of October
Sowing in~November；It can be sowed using unicast or mixed seeding mode, when being sowed using mode of unicast, be sowed as 15kg/hm2~
22kg/hm2；When being sowed using mixed seeding mode, sow as 15kg/hm2；Drilling or order method, drilling direction can be used herein
(the biggish nonirrigated farmland of the gradient should be along contour drilling) vertical with furrow ditch, drill spacing 25cm~30cm；Program request line-spacing 25cm is wide-
30cm；Cm, hill spacing 10cm~15cm；The suitable drilling in the soil turned over, the suitable bunch planting in no-tillage rice field (can be beaten in furrow face 3cm~
5cm vesicle is put into seed in cave)；Depth of planting is 1cm~2cm.Section's sow behind the ground of underground should earthing then suppress, really
Conservation comes into full contact with soil；
Step 4: field management, including following management:
1) it cuts weeds, since annual ryegrass sprouting and life are raw rapidly, there is stronger aggressiveness and the strongly fragrant ability of covering, weeds
It cannot generally cause damages.A small number of weeds occur can manually pull out in time, individual serious plot of weeds cradle every time it is laggard
Tillage and weeding of row；
2) top dressing, since annual ryegrass tiller is more, growth is fast, should impose complete in 2d~3d after each mow
Valence compound fertilizer or urea 45kg/hm2~75kg/hm2；
3) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, removes diseased plant residuum and the weeds in field, and control morbidity is cut as early as possible when disease is not spread
Cut realization disease control；If it was found that Asia locust, stem maggot class, mythimna separata, grub, highland barley fringe fly aphid, thrips, noctuid, weevil
When equal pest damages, plant protection expert should be consulted in time, and according to an expert view, based on biology or physical control, chemical prevention is
Auxiliary principle is prevented and treated；During the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, Ying Shenyong medical treatment avoids medicament residue in endangering house on crop
Poultry, it is necessary to the regulation of GB9321 and the related standard of the nuisanceless raising of domestic animal should be met when using；
4) overwinter management cools area when temperature is lower than 5 DEG C, and annual ryegrass suspend mode is overwintering, should before suspend mode 15d
Stopping mowing keeps its overwintering；When daily mean temperature is stablized at 5 DEG C -8 DEG C, it should apply fertilizer, irrigate, promote its growth；
5) it irrigates, plantation annual ryegrass must keep ground moistening, and arid season should be in germination, growth of seedling
Phase and after cradling every time it is primary along furrow ditch flood irrigation or sprinkling irrigation, wherein irrigation water quality will meet the regulation of GB5084；
Step 5: cradling, depending on cradling batch number because of local weather, soil, water and fertilizer condition and the kind of plantation.Generally exist
Spring and autumn interval 20d~30d is cradled once, and winter 40d~60d is cradled once；Generally according to following rule to annual rye
Grass is cradled: annual ryegrass after planting 35d~40d, needs to make when plant strain growth is to 20cm or more managerial for the first time
Cradle, height for the stubble left 5cm；From cradling for the second time, start to cut when aftergrass turf height reaches 45cm~50cm every time
It cuts, the height for the stubble left is 3cm~4cm, carries out last time before coming year early May crop sown in spring is planted and cradles；When weeds mistake
More or illness plant should cradle in advance when reaching 20cm or more in conjunction with removing weeds, diseased plant.
In the above alternating method, depth of planting is different by soil moisture content and the soil texture, dry soil sowing
Depth is preferably deep, and the depth of planting that wetland sows deep light loam is preferably deep, and the depth of planting of weight straw soil is then shallow.
Wherein, the general types with the leather mixed seeding of annual rye have the seed dosage of pale reddish brown smooth leaf sweet potato, arrow tongue mixed seeding not surpass
Cross annual ryegrass, generally the 20% of annual ryegrass.
It when annual ryegrass is planted, generally sows in the fall, Winter-Spring starts with, and after planting 35d~40d is opened
Beginning cradles utilization, carries out last time before coming year early May crop sown in spring is planted and cradles, and is six months to eight using the time
A month, four batches to six batches can be cradled.When height above sea level is in regional May sowing that cools of 2000m or more, the five of the coming year are used
It can cradle six batches to eight batches in month.
When annual ryegrass plant and using the time be more than it is 1 year or after blossom and have seeds, grass yield is decreased obviously,
Kind of other crops should be turned over to improve land utilization ratio.
Every batch of green forage yield using the annual ryegrass of above method plantation should reach 18000kg/hm2~
30000kg/hm2More than, it raises an ox unit and preferably plants annual ryegrass 480m2~600m2。
Annual ryegrass blueness raises that palatability is good, and digestibility is high, but moisture content is higher in fresh grass, and the fresh grass cradled should be with
It feeds or should be dried after grass is wilted again after other roughage mixing and feed；Cradled in the phase in boot stage, after preliminary sunning chopping with
25%~30% bran mixing is fabricated to ensilage feeding domestic animal.
Annual ryegrass can be used for feeding various domestic animals.Compared with feeding cattle and sheep and sow, goose, grass carp feeding effect
It is good, when feeding cattle and sheep with it, whole strain feeding or can feed after suitably prescinding.Feeding sow, goose preferably use the tender fresh grass chopping of children to raise
Hello；When feeding cattle and sheep and goose with it can account for 40%~70% of crude feed doses in its daily ration, feeding sow can Zhan Qi flow vector
10%~20%.
Cereal-forage rotation method provided by the invention is using rice field, nonirrigated farmland as sowing ground, and again to rice after rice harvesting
Army provisions are planted after being handled in field, when it is overwintering to next spring when cradled completely, re-planting paddy or other crops are realized
The crop rotation in field, had not only improved the utilization rate in field, but also increase the yield of army provisions, and the viridescent for meeting domestic animal in winter-spring season is raised
Grass；It solves the feed resource of Herbivores, alleviates the pressure of native pasture.
Above embodiments are only used annual ryegrass as embodiment to illustrate technical solution of the present invention rather than are limited,
Alternating method provided by the present invention can be also used for planting any army provisions crop.Those of ordinary skill in the art are to this hair
The modification or equivalent replacement that bright technical solution is made are contained without departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention
It covers in scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of cereal-forage rotation method, it is characterised in that: the alternating method the following steps are included:
Step 1: choosing idle rice field or nonirrigated farmland as sowing ground, and apply base manure before turning over；
Step 2: site preparation makes one of following land preparation mode according to sowing:
1) nonirrigated farmland or drained water rice field turn over or rotary tillage formed hole, trench digging do furrow；
2) rice field cannot drain in time what water was turned over, do furrow in rice harvesting post-trenching, the soil ditched out is laid in furrow face；
Step 3: sowing carries out unicast or mixed seeding in annual end of August to drilling during November or point broadcast mode；
Step 4: field management, including following management:
1) it cuts weeds；
2) composition fertilizer or urea top dressing: are imposed after each mow；
3) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
4) overwinter management: when temperature is lower than 5 °, stop mowing, fertilising is irrigated；
5) it irrigates；
Step 5: cradling, make to cradle for the first time when plant strain growth is to 20cm or more, height for the stubble left 5cm；From cradling for the second time,
Start to cradle when plant turf height reaches 45cm~50cm every time, the height for the stubble left is 3cm~4cm；Until coming year early May
Last time is carried out before crop sown in spring plantation to cradle.
2. cereal-forage rotation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described to turn over 30cm~35cm；Rotary tillage 15cm
~20cm.
3. cereal-forage rotation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: drilling and program request line-spacing in the step 3
For 25cm~30cm.
4. cereal-forage rotation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mixed seeding in the step 3 include crop and
The dosage of pale reddish brown smooth leaf sweet potato, crop and arrow tongue, the pale reddish brown smooth leaf sweet potato and the arrow tongue is no more than crop.
5. cereal-forage rotation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the unicast in the step 3 is 15kg/hm2~
22kg/hm2, mixed seeding 15kg/hm2。
6. cereal-forage rotation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the composition fertilizer or urea are 45kg/
hm2~75kg/hm2。
7. cereal-forage rotation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: cradling in the step 5 is excessive in weeds
Or the plant of illness cradles when reaching 20cm or more.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811244140.8A CN109429918A (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2018-10-24 | A kind of cereal-forage rotation method |
| CN202410458639.8A CN118140762A (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2018-10-24 | Rotation method for grain and grass |
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| CN201811244140.8A CN109429918A (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2018-10-24 | A kind of cereal-forage rotation method |
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| CN202410458639.8A Division CN118140762A (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2018-10-24 | Rotation method for grain and grass |
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| CN201811244140.8A Pending CN109429918A (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2018-10-24 | A kind of cereal-forage rotation method |
| CN202410458639.8A Pending CN118140762A (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2018-10-24 | Rotation method for grain and grass |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114009287A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-02-08 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Highland barley planting method for improving content of beta-glucan |
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| CN118140762A (en) | 2024-06-07 |
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