CN118140762A - Rotation method for grain and grass - Google Patents
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- CN118140762A CN118140762A CN202410458639.8A CN202410458639A CN118140762A CN 118140762 A CN118140762 A CN 118140762A CN 202410458639 A CN202410458639 A CN 202410458639A CN 118140762 A CN118140762 A CN 118140762A
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- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002105 tongue Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 244000100545 Lolium multiflorum Species 0.000 description 24
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a grain and grass rotation method, which uses paddy fields and dry lands as sowing lands, and plants grain and grass after the paddy fields are treated after the paddy fields are harvested, when winter goes through spring, the paddy fields or other crops are completely mowed, and rotation of the fields is realized, so that the utilization rate of the fields is improved, the yield of the grain and grass is increased, and the green forage grass of livestock in winter and spring is met; solves the problem of feed source of grass-eating livestock and poultry, and reduces the pressure of natural grassland.
Description
The application relates to a division application of a grain crop rotation method, wherein the application number of the mother application is 201811244140.8, and the application date is 2018.10.24.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grain and grass rotation method.
Background
Grain and grass refers to forage, forage and other military supplies, the grain and grass are divided into two parts, one part is food of the grain and the army, and the food comprises grain, water, salt, spice and the like; part of the feed is grass, horse grain, i.e. forage, and also comprises herbal medicines. Annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) is also known as lolium multiflorum as a common livestock feed. The annual ryegrass has high nutritive value, the crude protein content in dry matters is 12-15%, the crude fiber is 14-16%, and the nitrogen-free extract is 40-45%. The palatability is good, the livestock are easy to digest, and various domestic animals are favored to eat; the annual ryegrass has strong regeneration power, and can quickly recover growth after mowing, but the plant part dies after flowering or the grass yield is reduced.
At present, the sources of the grain and grass are generally provided by natural grasslands, and the production capacity of the natural grasslands is limited by natural conditions, so that the yield is low, especially the yield of the grain and grass grown on the natural grasslands is low or the grain and grass does not grow in winter and spring seasons, so that the green forage grass of the livestock is insufficient in winter and spring seasons.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grain and grass rotation method with high yield, which utilizes idle fields to plant, realizes rotation of the fields, improves the use of the fields, increases the yield of the grain and grass, solves the problem of the grain and grass, reduces the pressure of natural grasslands and meets the green forage grass of livestock.
The grain and grass rotation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
Step1: selecting idle paddy fields or dry lands as sowing lands, and applying base fertilizer before ploughing;
step 2: soil preparation, one of the following soil preparation modes is made according to the sowing land:
1) Turning over or rotary tillage of dry land or paddy field with drained water, raking finely and repeatedly for one or two times to remove weeds, crushing soil blocks, compacting the land blocks to ensure that soil particles are fine and uniform, forming holes, ditching and making furrows, and positioning the furrow directions according to the topography so as to facilitate irrigation and drainage;
2) The paddy field can not drain water in time and is ploughed, ditching is carried out 3-5 days after harvesting the paddy, soil obtained by ditching is spread on the surface of the ditches, the direction of the ditches is determined according to the topography so as to facilitate drainage and irrigation, and sowing is started when no water is accumulated in the paddy field;
Step 3: sowing, and carrying out unicast or mixed sowing in a drill sowing or on-demand mode in the period from the end of eight months to 11 months each year;
Step 4: the field management comprises the following management steps:
1) Removing weeds;
2) Topdressing: dressing full-value compound fertilizer or urea after each mowing;
3) Pest control;
4) Overwintering management: when the air temperature is lower than 5 ℃, stopping mowing, fertilizing and irrigating; when the average daily air temperature is stabilized at 5-8 ℃, fertilizer application and irrigation are carried out to promote growth;
5) Irrigation: the drought season is that the seeds germinate, the seedlings grow period and are irrigated or irrigated once along the furrow after each mowing;
Step 5: when the plants grow to more than 20cm, the first manageable mowing is carried out, and the height of the remained stubble is 5cm; from the second time of mowing, when the height of the plant grass layer reaches 45 cm-50 cm, mowing is started each time, and the height of the remained stubble is 3 cm-4 cm; and the last mowing is carried out until the early five months and the early spring crops are planted in the next year.
Furthermore, 20000kg/hm 2～40000kg/hm2 of stable manure is applied as a base fertilizer before ploughing in the step 1.
Further, the ploughing in the step 2 is 30 cm-35 cm; rotary tillage is carried out for 15 cm-20 cm.
Further, the ploughed land in the step 3 adopts a drill mode, and the no-tillage paddy field adopts a spot seeding mode.
Further, the row spacing of the drill and the on-demand in the step 3 is 25 cm-30 cm.
Further, the mixed sowing in the step 3 comprises crops and purple light She, the crops and the arrow, and the dosage of the purple light She and the arrow is not more than that of the crops.
Further, the unicast in the step 3 is 15kg/hm 2～22kg/hm2, and the mixed broadcast is 15kg/hm 2.
In the step 4, the total compound fertilizer or urea is applied within 2-3 d after each mowing, wherein the total compound fertilizer or urea is 45kg/hm 2～75kg/hm2.
Further, the mowing in the step 5 is performed when excessive weeds or diseased plants reach more than 20 cm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the crop rotation method provided by the invention utilizes idle paddy fields and dry lands to plant the cereal and grass, and performs sowing in the period from the end of eight months to 11 months each year, so that crops can grow in spring and winter, the crop rotation of the fields is realized, the field utilization rate is improved, the yield of the cereal and grass is increased, and the green forage grass of livestock in winter and spring is satisfied; solves the problem of feed source of grass-eating livestock and poultry, and reduces the pressure of natural grassland.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme claimed in the application is further described in detail in connection with the specific embodiments.
The technical scheme of the invention is a grain and grass rotation method, which can be used for planting any grain and grass as an example, and the grain and grass rotation method provided by the invention is specifically and specifically described by taking annual ryegrass as an example.
The grain and grass rotation method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: selecting a sowing field, namely selecting an idle rice field or a dry field with relatively flat land topography and convenient irrigation and drainage as the sowing field, and applying 20000kg/hm 2～40000kg/hm2 of stable manure (farmyard manure) as a base fertilizer before turning over;
step 2: soil preparation, one of the following soil preparation modes is made according to the sowing land:
1) Ploughing dry land or paddy field with drained water for 30 cm-35 cm or rotary tillage for 15 cm-20 cm, fine raking for one or two times, removing weeds, crushing soil blocks, compacting the soil blocks, and making the soil particles fine and uniform to form holes with proper porosity; meanwhile, ditching and ridging, wherein the ditch depth is 30cm, the ditch width is 30cm, and the direction of the ditches is determined according to the topography so as to facilitate irrigation and drainage, and the ditch width is 2-3 m each time;
2) The paddy field can not drain water in time and turn over, furrows can be made in time after harvesting the paddy for 3-5 days, the furrowed soil is spread on the furrow surface, and the furrow depth is 20cm and the width is 20cm; the direction of the furrow should be determined according to the shape so as to facilitate irrigation and drainage, and the width of each furrow is 1.5 m-3 m. Sowing is started when no water accumulation exists in the rice field;
Step 3: sowing at the end of August to the end of 10 months after harvesting rice, and sowing in 10-11 months in a low-temperature region at an altitude; the seeding can be performed in a unicast mode or a mixed seeding mode, and the seeding is 15kg/hm 2～22kg/hm2 when the seeding is performed in a unicast mode; when the mixed sowing mode is adopted for sowing, the sowing is 15kg/hm 2; the method can be adopted for drill seeding or on-demand seeding, the drill seeding direction is vertical to the furrow (the drought land with a larger gradient is sowed along the equal-height line), and the drill seeding line spacing is 25 cm-30 cm; the row spacing of the dibbling is 25 cm-30 cm; the hole distance is 10 cm-15 cm; the ploughed land is suitable for drill sowing, the no-tillage paddy field is suitable for hill sowing (dibbling), specifically, 3 cm-5 cm small holes can be made on the furrow surface, and seeds can be placed in the holes; the sowing depth is 1 cm-2 cm. The seeds are planted underground, covered with soil and then pressed, so that the seeds are ensured to be fully contacted with the soil;
Step 4: the field management comprises the following management steps:
1) The weeding composition has strong aggressiveness and melancholy-shielding capability because of rapid germination and growth of annual ryegrass, and the weeding composition cannot cause harm generally. Few weeds can be pulled out in time manually, and plots with serious individual weeds are cultivated and weeding is carried out once after each mowing;
2) Topdressing, namely topdressing 45kg/hm 2～75kg/hm2 of full-value compound fertilizer or urea within 2-3 d after each mowing because of more tillers of annual ryegrass and quick growth;
3) Pest control, namely, removing disease plant residues and weeds in the field, controlling disease occurrence, and mowing as soon as possible when the disease does not spread to realize disease control; if pests such as Asia locust, stalk flies, mythimna separata, grub, highland barley ear fly aphid, thrips, noctuid, trunk worm and the like are found, plant protection experts should be taught in time, and according to the expert opinion, the control is performed based on the principle of biological or physical control and chemical control as auxiliary; in the process of pest control, the drug control should be carefully used to avoid the drug residue on crops to harm livestock, and the drug should meet the requirements of GB9321 and the related standards of pollution-free livestock breeding when in use;
4) Managing overwintering, namely when the temperature is lower than 5 ℃ in a cold area, enabling annual ryegrass to sleep for overwintering, and stopping mowing for 15 days before the annual ryegrass sleep for overwintering; when the average daily air temperature is stabilized at 5-8 ℃, fertilizer application and irrigation are needed to promote the growth of the plant;
5) Irrigation, namely, the annual ryegrass must be planted to keep the soil moist, and the irrigation water quality is required to meet the specification of GB5084 in arid seasons, such as seed germination, seedling growth period and one time of flood irrigation or sprinkling irrigation along a furrow after each mowing;
Step 5: the number of mowing stubbles depends on the local climate, soil, water and fertilizer conditions and the planted variety. The cutting is carried out for one time in spring and autumn at intervals of 20d to 30d and carried out for one time in winter at intervals of 40d to 60 d; annual ryegrass is typically mowed according to the following rules: 35-40 d after annual ryegrass sowing, when plants grow to more than 20cm, first manageable mowing is needed, and the stubble height is 5cm; starting the second mowing, wherein each time when the height of the regenerated grass layer reaches 45 cm-50 cm, the mowing is started, the stubble height is 3 cm-4 cm, and the last mowing is carried out until the early five months and early spring crops are planted in the next year; when excessive weeds or diseased plants reach more than 20cm, the weeds are removed in a combined way, and the diseased plants are mowed in advance.
In the rotation method, the sowing depth is different from the soil moisture content and the soil texture, the sowing depth of the dry soil is deep, the sowing depth of the wet soil is deep, the sowing depth of the light loam is deep, and the sowing depth of the heavy straw soil is shallow.
Wherein, the seed quantity of the common variety mixed-sowing with annual ryegrass, namely the purple flower light She and the arrow tongue, is not more than 20 percent of annual ryegrass, and is generally equal to annual ryegrass.
When annual ryegrass is planted, the annual ryegrass is generally sown in autumn, the winter and spring are utilized, the mowing utilization is started after 35-40 d, the last mowing is carried out until the early five-month and early-spring crops are planted in the next year, the utilization time is six months to eight months, and four to six stubbles can be mowed. When the seeds are sown in the cool region with the altitude above 2000m, six to eight stubbles can be mowed by utilizing the month of the coming year.
When annual ryegrass is planted and utilized for more than one year or flowers and seeds are set, the grass yield is obviously reduced, and other crops are turned over to improve the land utilization rate.
The yield of each batch of fresh grass of annual ryegrass planted by the method is up to 18000kg/hm 2～30000kg/hm2, and 480m 2～600m2 of annual ryegrass is suitable for being planted in a cattle raising unit.
The annual ryegrass green feed has good palatability and high digestibility, but the fresh grass has higher moisture content, and the mowed fresh grass is fed after being mixed with other coarse feeds or is fed after being dried until the grass wilts; cutting in the booting stage, primarily airing and cutting, mixing with 25% -30% bran, and making silage for feeding livestock.
Annual ryegrass can be used for feeding various domestic animals. The feeding effect is better when feeding cattle and sheep, sows, geese and grass carp, and when feeding cattle and sheep, the whole plant can be fed or the whole plant can be fed after being cut into pieces properly. Feeding sow and goose, cutting fresh grass; when the feed is used for feeding cattle, sheep and geese, the feed can account for 40% -70% of the amount of coarse fodder in daily ration, and the feed can account for 10% -20% of the amount of daily ration.
The rotation method of the cereal grass provided by the invention uses the paddy field and the dry land as sowing lands, and plants cereal grass after the paddy field is treated after the paddy is harvested, when the paddy is completely mowed in spring from winter to spring, and then plants paddy or other crops, thereby realizing rotation of the fields, improving the utilization rate of the fields, increasing the yield of the cereal grass and meeting the requirements of the green forage grass of livestock in winter and spring; solves the problem of feed source of grass-eating livestock and poultry, and reduces the pressure of natural grassland.
The above examples only use annual ryegrass as an embodiment to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit, the rotation method provided by the present invention can also be used for planting any kind of cereal crops. Modifications and equivalents of the present invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and are intended to be encompassed by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A grain and grass rotation method is characterized in that: the rotation method comprises the following steps:
Step1: selecting idle paddy fields or dry lands as sowing lands, and applying base fertilizer before ploughing;
step 2: soil preparation, one of the following soil preparation modes is made according to the sowing land:
1) Turning over or rotary tillage of dry land or paddy field with drained water, raking finely and repeatedly for one or two times to remove weeds, crushing soil blocks, compacting the land blocks to ensure that soil particles are fine and uniform, forming holes, ditching and making furrows, and positioning the furrow directions according to the topography so as to facilitate irrigation and drainage;
2) The paddy field can not drain water in time and is ploughed, ditching is carried out 3-5 days after harvesting the paddy, soil obtained by ditching is spread on the surface of the ditches, the direction of the ditches is determined according to the topography so as to facilitate drainage and irrigation, and sowing is started when no water is accumulated in the paddy field;
Step 3: sowing, and carrying out unicast or mixed sowing in a drill sowing or on-demand mode in the period from the end of eight months to 11 months each year;
Step 4: the field management comprises the following management steps:
1) Removing weeds;
2) Topdressing: dressing full-value compound fertilizer or urea after each mowing;
3) Pest control;
4) Overwintering management: when the air temperature is lower than 5 ℃, stopping mowing, fertilizing and irrigating; when the average daily air temperature is stabilized at 5-8 ℃, fertilizer application and irrigation are carried out to promote growth;
5) Irrigation: the drought season is that the seeds germinate, the seedlings grow period and are irrigated or irrigated once along the furrow after each mowing;
Step 5: when the plants grow to more than 20cm, the first manageable mowing is carried out, and the height of the remained stubble is 5cm; from the second time of mowing, when the height of the plant grass layer reaches 45 cm-50 cm, mowing is started each time, and the height of the remained stubble is 3 cm-4 cm; and the last mowing is carried out until the early five months and the early spring crops are planted in the next year.
2. The grain and grass rotation method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, 20000kg/hm 2～40000kg/hm2 of stable manure is applied as a base fertilizer before ploughing.
3. The grain and grass rotation method according to claim 1, wherein: ploughing the step 2 by 30 cm-35 cm; rotary tillage is carried out for 15 cm-20 cm.
4. The grain and grass rotation method according to claim 1, wherein: and 3, the ploughed land in the step adopts a drill mode, and the no-tillage paddy field adopts a spot seeding mode.
5. The grain and grass rotation method according to claim 1, wherein: the row spacing of the drill and the on-demand in the step 3 is 25 cm-30 cm.
6. The grain and grass rotation method according to claim 1, wherein: the mixed sowing in the step 3 comprises crops and purple flower light She, the crops and the arrow tongues, and the dosage of the purple flower light She and the arrow tongues is not more than that of the crops.
7. The grain and grass rotation method according to claim 1, wherein: the unicast in the step 3 is 15kg/hm 2～22kg/hm2, and the mixed broadcast is 15kg/hm 2.
8. The grain and grass rotation method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, the full-value compound fertilizer or urea is applied within 2-3 d after each mowing, wherein the speed is 45kg/hm 2～75kg/hm2.
9. The grain and grass rotation method according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) mowing in the step 5, wherein when excessive weeds or diseased plants reach more than 20 cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202410458639.8A CN118140762A (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2018-10-24 | Rotation method for grain and grass |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811244140.8A CN109429918A (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2018-10-24 | A kind of cereal-forage rotation method |
| CN202410458639.8A CN118140762A (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2018-10-24 | Rotation method for grain and grass |
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| CN104126465A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-11-05 | 湖南农业大学 | Ryegrass and double-cropping early rice crop rotation cultivation method |
| CN105103701B (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-04-19 | 谢庭生 | Method for interplanting alfalfa in southern rice-cotton rotation land to increase soil fertility |
| CN106386300A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 合山市丰鑫农机专业合作社 | Alternated planting method for paddy rice and Chinese water chestnut |
| CN106576814A (en) * | 2016-12-11 | 2017-04-26 | 湖北双竹生态食品开发股份有限公司 | Planting method for common vetch crop rotation of organic paddy fields |
| CN106613227A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-10 | 西南科技大学 | Crop rotation planting method for forage crops and grain crops |
| CN106818174B (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2019-09-20 | 上海百泉生物技术有限公司 | A kind of wheat and Chinese milk vetch mixed seeding make altogether and the organic implantation methods of crops with the two crops a year of rice crop rotation |
| CN107173135A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-19 | 陈锡萍 | A kind of fertilizing method of high mountain kind organic rice |
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