CN109425895A - A method of improving speed analysis precision in low signal-to-noise ratio seism processing - Google Patents
A method of improving speed analysis precision in low signal-to-noise ratio seism processing Download PDFInfo
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- CN109425895A CN109425895A CN201710742753.3A CN201710742753A CN109425895A CN 109425895 A CN109425895 A CN 109425895A CN 201710742753 A CN201710742753 A CN 201710742753A CN 109425895 A CN109425895 A CN 109425895A
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/303—Analysis for determining velocity profiles or travel times
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/20—Trace signal pre-filtering to select, remove or transform specific events or signal components, i.e. trace-in/trace-out
- G01V2210/24—Multi-trace filtering
- G01V2210/242—F-k filtering, e.g. ground roll
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
- G01V2210/622—Velocity, density or impedance
- G01V2210/6222—Velocity; travel time
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of speed analysis precision in raising low signal-to-noise ratio seism processing, belong to oil and gas exploration investigation and seism processing field.The processed conventionally road CDP set information is taken to carry out a velocity analysis first, dynamic correction process is carried out to the trace gather with obtained rate pattern, signal enhancing processing in the domain F-K is done in the trace gather after dynamic correction, reaction correction process is carried out with the rate pattern again, obtained output CDP trace gather carries out normal-moveout spectrum production and for new velocity analysis, obtains carrying out subsequent superposition processing in conjunction with the former road CDP set information after new rate pattern.This method is able to use to be restrained so that the normal-moveout spectrum energy group of velocity analysis is opposite, relatively accurate rate pattern is obtained, to improve the imaging precision of seismic data.And the change to the road manufacturing speed Pu CDP set information will not influence subsequent processing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of speed analysis precision in raising low signal-to-noise ratio seism processing, belong to petroleum day
Right gas exploration investigation and seism processing field.
Background technique
The emphasis of current seismic exploration has shifted towards complex area, and the acquisition of complex area seismic data is sufficiently complex, by
Different in landform, surface relief is larger, different geological epoches, different lithology stratum crop out, to collecting work have compared with
It is big to influence.And there is the problems such as signal-to-noise ratio is relatively low in collected seismic data, this will also be directly affected at seismic data mostly
The precision of velocity analysis in reason.And velocity analysis, static and dynamic correction, stacking image and migration are the key that seism processings
Link.In this four processes, velocity analysis accounts for space of top prominence, and influences three links thereafter.Such as the mistake of velocity analysis
Difference will cause dynamic correction error, then influence the quality of stacking image, and being superimposed calibration model influences asking for Value of residual static correction
It takes, and then influences the resolution ratio of seismic data.The rate pattern that velocity analysis obtains, be the key that migration accurately whether because
Element, it influences the precision of seism processing achievement.
Velocity analysis is exactly that the process of stack velocity is sought from actual seismic data, it is remembered using the earthquake of multi-fold
Record, according to the relationship of the arrival time of back wave in multitrack recording and spread speed, the extraction rate information from earthquake record.?
In actual production, velocity analysis is to be realized by normal-moveout spectrum, and the concept of normal-moveout spectrum copies frequency spectrum concept to establish.In fourier
In analysis, the relation curve of the amplitude of each frequency component, first phase and frequency contained by signal is called frequency spectrum.This saying is copied,
The energy of seismic wave becomes normal-moveout spectrum relative to the changing rule of the spread speed of wave.When shot point and receiving point are all located at same water
In plane, and reflecting interface is plane, and when the above homogeneous media in interface, the time curve of common reflection point record is approximately one double
Curve.This hyp speed is exactly the root mean sequare velocity of back wave, and normal-moveout spectrum is exactly along reflection line-ups direction
Stack power (or mean amplitude of tide) is maximum, as velocity estimation theoretical foundation.
In actual production, normal-moveout spectrum uses two-dimensional display mode, it can be common that isopleth plane form.This aobvious
Show in mode, speed is chosen delimited with " energy group ", and the maximum on spectral line represents the velocity amplitude at the corresponding time.Making at present
It is using the cdp trace gather by conventional treatment early period (processing such as static correction, superimposed noise compacting) as input when velocity analysis
Information manufacturing speed spectrum makees subsequent (being such as superimposed) processing after velocity analysis obtains rate pattern, then with the trace gather.But it is right
In low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data, the normal-moveout spectrum energy group obtained by conventional method is not restrained, the maximum dispersion on spectral line, it is difficult to
Accurate rate pattern is obtained, the final precision for influencing imaging.
The patent of invention of publication No. CN102096103A discloses a kind of velocity analysis for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data
Method, comprising: 1) the high location of data signal-to-noise ratio is chosen, using velocity scanning extraction rate；2) centered on this speed, by choosing
Fixed percentage-proportion intervals are incremented by, successively decrease, variable-speed scanning goes out the stacked section of a plurality of different weight percentage speed；3) it is obtained in scanning
Structure interpretation layer position is drawn out in projection on the stacked section of different weight percentage speed；4) according to structure interpretation layer position, setting is different
The velocity interval of layer position, is picked up the constraint of velocity interval；5) observation structure interpretation layer position is in the folded of different weight percentage speed
It is whether continuous clear to check stacked section axis in the same direction, and meets certain known geologic feature for the imaging effect for adding section, chooses imaging
The best percentage stacked section of effect, and velocity pick is carried out on it.This method can overcome in low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data
The very few problem for causing velocity analysis inaccuracy of useful information, keeps velocity pick more accurate.But this method efficiency is relatively low,
Projective rendering structure interpretation layer position needs to explain personnel's participation on stacked section, and the velocity interval of setting different layers position needs to locate
Reason personnel have certain experience, more demanding to the professional standards of personnel.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods of speed analysis precision in raising low signal-to-noise ratio seism processing.
In order to achieve the goal above, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A method of improving speed analysis precision in low signal-to-noise ratio seism processing, comprising the following steps:
1) CDP trace gather data make normal-moveout spectrum is taken, and does velocity analysis using the normal-moveout spectrum, obtains rate pattern A；
2) correction process is done to the road CDP set information using rate pattern A, obtains dynamic correction road set information B；To dynamic correction
Road set information B does signal enhancing processing, obtains dynamic correction road set information C；
Reaction correction process is done to dynamic correction road set information C using rate pattern A, obtains the road CDP set information D；
3) it takes the road CDP set information D manufacturing speed to compose, does velocity analysis using the normal-moveout spectrum, obtain rate pattern E.
The road CDP set information first does the processing of prestack Noise Elimination and static corrections processing etc. before manufacturing speed spectrum in step 1).
Step 1), 3) in normal-moveout spectrum production and velocity analysis, step 2) in signal enhancing processing, correction is moved in step 3)
And corresponding processing module in each processing system can be used in reaction correction process, is above most basic in seism processing
Operation.
Signal enhancing processing is specially the processing of the domain F-K signal enhancing in step 2).
After obtaining rate pattern E in step 3), subsequent superposition processing is done in conjunction with the road CDP set information in step 1).
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention by velocity analysis to manufacturing speed Pu CDP road set information with to the CDP trace gather of subsequent processing
Data separating is opened, and to manufacturing speed Pu CDP road set information after the processing of the domain F-K signal enhancing, is only used for production speed
Degree spectrum is not involved in subsequent superposition processing with acquisition speed model.The processed conventionally road CDP set information is taken to carry out primary speed first
Degree analysis carries out dynamic correction process to the trace gather with obtained rate pattern, does the domain F-K signal in the trace gather after dynamic correction and increase
Strength reason, then reaction correction process is carried out with the rate pattern, obtained output CDP trace gather carries out normal-moveout spectrum production and for new
Velocity analysis, obtain (i.e. processed conventionally without believing by the domain F-K in conjunction with the former road CDP set information after new rate pattern
The road the CDP set information of number enhancing processing) carry out subsequent superposition processing.The normal-moveout spectrum energy that this method is able to use with velocity analysis
The opposite convergence of amount group, obtains relatively accurate rate pattern, to improve the imaging precision of seismic data.And to make speed
The change of the degree road Pu CDP set information will not influence subsequent processing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the techniqueflow schematic diagram that the present invention improves velocity analysis precision methods；
Fig. 2 is the CDP trace gather figure in embodiment 1 after conventional prestack Noise Elimination, static corrections processing；
Fig. 3 is that the normal-moveout spectrum of the road conventional treatment Hou CDP set information (does velocity analysis using this normal-moveout spectrum, obtains speed
Model A)；
Fig. 4 is that processed conventionally CDP trace gather logging data application rate pattern A carries out the road set information B after dynamic correction process；
The road Tu5Wei set information B is through the domain F-K signal enhancing treated dynamic correction road set information C；
Fig. 6 is that dynamic correction road set information C application speed model A carries out reaction correction process Hou CDP road set information D；
The normal-moveout spectrum of the road Tu7Wei CDP set information D；
Fig. 8 is the stacked section of output speed model.
Specific embodiment
Only invention is further described in detail for following embodiments, but does not constitute any limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Method (the techniqueflow schematic diagram of speed analysis precision in low signal-to-noise ratio seism processing is improved in the present embodiment
See Fig. 1), comprising the following steps:
1) certain complicated work area low signal-to-noise ratio two-dimension earthquake survey line data, after the conventional treatments such as prestack Noise Elimination, static correction
The road CDP set information (see Fig. 2) is taken, (see Fig. 3, Fig. 3 B is normal-moveout spectrum to manufacturing speed spectrum, and intermediate line is to carry out speed according to normal-moveout spectrum
The speed picked up when degree analysis, Fig. 3 A are the superposition sections that CDP trace gather corresponds to the speed that B figure picks up), speed is done using the normal-moveout spectrum
Analysis, obtains rate pattern A, the stacked section that processed conventionally CDP trace gather logging data application rate pattern A is obtained is shown in A in Fig. 8；
2) correction process is done to the road CDP set information using rate pattern A, obtain dynamic correction road set information B (see Fig. 4)；
Signal enhancing processing in the domain F-K is done to dynamic correction road set information B, obtains dynamic correction road set information C (see Fig. 5)；
Reaction correction process is done to dynamic correction road set information C using rate pattern A, obtains the road CDP set information D (see Fig. 6)；
3) take the road CDP set information D manufacturing speed spectrum (see Fig. 7, Fig. 7 B is normal-moveout spectrum, intermediate line be according to normal-moveout spectrum into
The speed picked up when row velocity analysis, Fig. 7 A are the superposition sections that CDP trace gather corresponds to the speed that B figure picks up), it is done using the normal-moveout spectrum
Velocity analysis, obtains rate pattern E, and the stacked section that processed conventionally CDP trace gather logging data application rate pattern E is obtained is shown in Fig. 8
Middle B.
The stacked section imaging precision from (part indicated see round frame in figure and box) known to A, B comparison in Fig. 8, B figure
Higher, the signal-to-noise ratio and continuity of lineups are all higher, illustrate to carry out the speed mould that velocity analysis obtains using the method for the present invention
Type has apparent advantage.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method for improving speed analysis precision in low signal-to-noise ratio seism processing, it is characterised in that: including following step
It is rapid:
1) CDP trace gather data make normal-moveout spectrum is taken, and does velocity analysis using the normal-moveout spectrum, obtains rate pattern A；
2) correction process is done to the road CDP set information using rate pattern A, obtains dynamic correction road set information B；
Signal enhancing processing is done to dynamic correction road set information B, obtains dynamic correction road set information C；
Reaction correction process is done to dynamic correction road set information C using rate pattern A, obtains the road CDP set information D；
3) it takes the road CDP set information D manufacturing speed to compose, does velocity analysis using the normal-moveout spectrum, obtain rate pattern E.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: the road CDP set information is first before manufacturing speed is composed in step 1)
Do the processing of prestack Noise Elimination and static corrections processing.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: it is the domain F-K signal enhancing that signal enhancing, which is handled, in step 2)
Processing.
4. method described in any one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterised in that: after obtaining rate pattern E in step 3),
Subsequent superposition processing is done in conjunction with the road CDP set information in step 1).
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| CN201710742753.3A CN109425895A (en) | 2017-08-25 | 2017-08-25 | A method of improving speed analysis precision in low signal-to-noise ratio seism processing |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102778693A (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2012-11-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Diffracted wave separation processing method based on reflection wave layer leveling extraction and elimination |
| CN104316967A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2015-01-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Large-offset dynamic correction speed-shifting error compensating method |
-
2017
- 2017-08-25 CN CN201710742753.3A patent/CN109425895A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102778693A (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2012-11-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Diffracted wave separation processing method based on reflection wave layer leveling extraction and elimination |
| CN104316967A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2015-01-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Large-offset dynamic correction speed-shifting error compensating method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 李桂元 等: "BD地区低信噪比地震资料处理", 《石油地球物理勘探》 * |
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Application publication date: 20190305 |