CN101105537A - High accuracy depth domain prestack earthquake data inversion method - Google Patents
High accuracy depth domain prestack earthquake data inversion method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pre stack seismic data inversion method of globe physical exploration high accuracy depth domain, which has the following steps: single shot records are collected; according to pre stack shot gather data and through radial line track or wave-field continuation focus, wave-field continuation focusing operators of all detecting wave points are pointed to and the focusing operator of each imaging point is obtained; the focusing operator and the single shot record are implemented in a migration aperture, and focus point shot gather corresponding to each shot is obtained; the focusing operator and common focus point gather are implemented cross correlation operation in time domain and space domain at the same time, and net point gather is obtained; the net point gather is implemented Radon transform, and CFP-AVP gather of corresponding imaging point is obtained; each imaging point gather is stacked, and the whole 2D document pre stack high accuracy analysis sectional plane is obtained. The CFP-AVP analysis in the invention has the advantages of wide application condition, reliable analysis sectional plane and sound effect of supercritical information inversion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a geophysical exploration technology, in particular to a high-precision depth domain prestack seismic data inversion method under the premise of not reducing imaging quality in reflected wave seismic exploration.
Background
In the reflected wave seismic exploration, reflection information (seismic records) from underground geologic bodies is obtained by exciting a ground explosive source, a controllable source or a heavy hammer source, and the reflection information needs to be processed by a series of seismic data including static correction, dynamic correction, superposition, migration and the like, so as to obtain an imaging section for explaining geology, wherein the imaging section comprises a superposition section and a migration section, a superposition acceleration field, a layer velocity field and the like, and the places where petroleum and natural gas possibly exist are predicted by the joint interpretation of geologists. However, the overlay and offset profiles are the result of adding all the same reflection point information, i.e. the same reflection point is overlaid with all the information varying with the offset. The comprehensive response of the reflection point information is seen on the superposition and offset sections, and the information of different offset reflection before superposition of the same reflection point is needed to be known in actual exploration.
As oil and gas exploration is further deepened, post-stack inversion (inversion performed on a stacked profile, mainly wave impedance and some other hydrocarbon detection) cannot meet the requirements of oil and gas exploration, and people need to know the variation (AVO) characteristics of the reflection amplitude of a reservoir along with the offset (information before stacking the same reflection point) in more detail, so that pre-stack AVO inversion becomes a hot point for research. Conventional prestack AVO inversion (extracting an angle gather from a common-midpoint gather after dynamic correction, and then performing linear fitting along an offset direction on the angle gather to obtain an intercept and a gradient profile and a hydrocarbon detection profile) has some problems. First, the motion correction (NMO) process in the conventional process tends to distort the waveform of the in-phase axis (mainly waveform deformation), and is most serious for the in-phase axis distortion of the far offset distance. Therefore, waveform distortion becomes the biggest problem in conventional AVO inversion. Further, the NMO processing also shifts the processed waveform to a low frequency (mainly due to waveform stretching), and in a region with a relatively complicated structure, the amplitude of the reflected wave generated by a fault, a non-integration, a killer, or the like is severely distorted, and the AVO inversion result obtained thereby is not very reliable. Furthermore, since the in-phase axis of the reflected wave is not completely repositioned after NMO processing and the diffracted wave is not completely converged (which is a necessary defect in conventional processing), the result of AVO inversion thereof is biased in the region with structural dip. At present, prestack depth migration is considered to be the most accurate reflected wave homing and diffracted wave convergence method, but how to realize the inversion of prestack reflection amplitude along with the change of ray parameters (AVP) on the basis of ensuring the reflected wave migration homing becomes a problem to be solved in petroleum geological exploration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an AVP high-precision depth domain prestack seismic data inversion method based on prestack depth migration.
The pre-stack AVP inversion method comprises the following specific steps:
1) Acquiring a single shot record through conventional field seismic data acquisition;
2) By ray tracing or wave field continuation focusing in the imaging aperture according to prestack shot gather data
3) Obtaining a focusing operator of each imaging point by a wave field continuation operator from the point to each wave detection point;
performing convolution on the obtained focusing operator and the single-shot record in the offset aperture to obtain a focusing point shot gather corresponding to each shot;
4) Performing mutual correlation operation on the focusing operator and the confocal point gather in a time domain and a space domain to obtain a grid point gather;
5) Transforming the grid point gather into a radon domain through radon transformation to obtain a CFP-AVP gather corresponding to the imaging points;
6) And superposing the CFP-AVP gather of each imaging point according to the same ray parameters to obtain a pre-stack CFP-AVP analysis section of the whole two-dimensional data.
In the step (4), two-step focusing is applied to solve the grid point gather of which the reflection amplitude changes along with the incident angle.
The invention is a very effective method in prestack AVO inversion, which mainly shows that:
the AVP gather is obtained in the pre-stack migration imaging process, the in-phase axis of the reflected wave is already reset, and the diffracted wave is converged, so that the result of AVP inversion is accurate in the area with the structural dip angle. Therefore, the CFP-AVP analysis has wider application conditions and more reliable section analysis results. The amplitude-ray parameter (AVP) analysis of the invention has no hypothesis of small inclination angle, and not only can well invert the reflection coefficient when the reflection coefficient is smaller than the critical angle, but also has good inversion effect on the supercritical information. And accurately analyzing the cross section of the pre-stack CFP-AVP of the two-dimensional data obtained by the method.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the intercept (a) and gradient (b) of the fit after the pre-stack CFP-AVP analysis of the present invention. Diffracted waves that do not converge completely can be seen where indicated by the arrows, which is also a drawback of conventional AVO analysis (fig. 4). However, the position of the section structure obtained by the method is very accurate, the reflected wave is correctly returned, the diffracted wave is converged, and the accuracy of the AVO analysis result and the accuracy of the position are far better than those of the conventional AVO analysis. Particularly, the CFP-AVP analysis result of the two-dimensional data of the invention is a three-dimensional data volume, which has a third-dimensional ray parameter P besides the (X, Z) of the conventional overlay section, and can truly reflect the parameter of AVP information.
Drawings
FIG. 1 (a) is the focusing operator, (b) is the CFP gather;
FIG. 2 is a CFP-AVP analysis of a single focus point;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a CFP-AVP analysis at a location;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the intercept (a) and gradient (b) of a conventional AVO inversion of a model;
FIG. 5 is an intercept (a) and gradient (b) profile of a fit after a pre-stack CFP-AVP analysis of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
The invention is realized based on a confocal point gather seismic wave propagation mode proposed by Berkhout in 1997Model (III)The principle is realized.
By eliminating the effects of acquisition and propagation effects in seismic records, reflection coefficient information is obtained for the subsurface.
And eliminating the effect of seismic source and downlink wave propagation by using excitation point focusing. The remaining detector, the propagation effect and reflection coefficient of the down-going wave:
P j (z 0 ，z m )＝D(z 0 )W(z 0 ，z m )R j (z m )+ε j (z≠z m ) (2)
(2) For focus point response, P j (z 0 ，z m ) Is located at (x) for the focus point j ，z m ) A Confocal Focus (CFP) trace set.
And eliminating the demodulator probe and the uplink wave propagation effect by utilizing the demodulator probe focusing. A dual focused CFP shift result is obtained:
ΔP ji (z m )＝R ji (z m ) (3)
in the time domain, (3) indicates that the reflection information is located at t =0 (zero travel time imaging principle).
The dual focusing process is repeated at each grid point in the subsurface. And after all grid points are finished, acquiring a copolymerization CFP migration imaging result of the seismic record.
(3) Is a cross-correlation process in the second focusing step of double-focusing offset, and utilizes the zero-data time imaging principle to obtain underground grid point (x) j ，z m ) Full under-critical and over-critical reflection coefficients in the radon domain (grid point gathers):
where k represents the plane wave component at the grid point.
And transforming the previous grid point gather into a linear radon field to obtain a gather of which the reflection amplitude at each imaging point is changed along with ray parameters.
In most cases using oblique incidence divergence correction factors, the continuous medium amplitude compensation is:
wherein, theta 0 Is the angle of departure of the ray at the surface, K is the relative rate of change of velocity, z is the depth, v 0 Is the speed of the ground table(s),
is the root mean square velocity at the depth z. Compensation for inelastic attenuation can be performed by using a compensation module on the existing processing system.
On the basis of the above principle, the present invention proposes the following embodiments:
acquiring a single shot record through conventional field seismic data acquisition;
obtaining a focusing operator of each imaging point by ray tracing or wave field continuation operators from a focusing point to each demodulator probe according to the prestack shot gather data in the imaging aperture (as shown in figure 1 (a));
performing convolution on the obtained focusing operator and the single shot record in the offset aperture to obtain a focusing point shot gather corresponding to each shot;
and (3) superposing the focus point shot gathers generated in the previous step according to time to generate a confocal focus gather (namely a CFP gather) corresponding to the reverse time focusing operator (as shown in figure 1 (b)). Two-step focusing is applied to obtain a grid point gather of which the reflection amplitude changes along with the incident angle.
Performing two-dimensional full-cross correlation on the reverse time focusing operator and the confocal point gather to obtain a grid point gather; transforming the grid point gather into a Lawning domain to obtain a CFP-AVP gather (shown in figure 2) of the imaging point;
the CFP-AVP gathers for each image point are superimposed to obtain a pre-stack CFP-AVP analysis profile of the entire two-dimensional data (see FIG. 3).
Claims (2)
1. A high-precision depth domain pre-stack seismic data inversion method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Acquiring a single shot record through conventional field seismic data acquisition;
(2) Obtaining a focusing operator of each imaging point through ray tracing or wave field continuation operators from a focusing point to each demodulator probe according to the prestack shot gather data in the imaging aperture;
(3) Performing convolution on the obtained focusing operator and the single shot record in the offset aperture to obtain a focusing point shot gather corresponding to each shot;
(4) Performing cross-correlation operation on the focusing operator and the confocal point gather in a time domain and a space domain simultaneously to obtain a grid point gather;
(5) Transforming the grid point gather into a radon domain through radon transformation to obtain a CFP-AVP gather corresponding to the imaging points;
(6) And superposing the CFP-AVP trace sets of each imaging point according to the same ray parameters to obtain the pre-stack CFP-AVP high-precision analysis profile of the whole two-dimensional data.
2. The high-precision depth domain pre-stack seismic data inversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) applying two-step focusing to obtain a grid point gather of which the reflection amplitude changes along with the incident angle.
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