CN109340802B

CN109340802B - Cyclone separator

Info

Publication number: CN109340802B
Application number: CN201811209856.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 大卫·约翰·帕金森
Original assignee: Guangzhou Gualyu Environmental Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: Guangdong Tanxun Energy Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-10-17
Filing date: 2018-10-17
Publication date: 2021-06-01
Anticipated expiration: 2038-10-17
Also published as: CN109340802A

Abstract

The invention provides a cyclone separator which comprises a tank body, a seal head, a cyclone separator inlet, a pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet, a solid particle outlet, a first sealing flange plate, a second sealing flange plate, a third sealing flange plate and a separator, wherein the tank body is provided with a first sealing flange plate and a second sealing flange plate; the separator penetrates through the space among the first flange sealing plate, the second flange sealing plate and the third flange sealing plate, and a cooling device is arranged between the second flange sealing plate and the third flange sealing plate; the solid particles can be separated by the cyclone separator, so that the pollutant emission is reduced; the arrangement of the cooling device can adjust the supply of heat, the temperature of the waste pyrolysis is matched, the arrangement of the convex part can reduce the retention time of the waste in the kiln body, the pyrolysis efficiency is improved, and the waste treatment capacity can be indirectly increased or the volume of the kiln body can be indirectly reduced.

Description

Cyclone separator

Technical Field

The invention relates to an environment-friendly device, in particular to a solid-gas separation device.

Background

Pyrolysis is a process of thermally and chemically decomposing organic substances (hydrocarbons) by utilizing their thermal instability. Pyrolysis is understood to be the first step of gasification and combustion, the process of which is carried out in the absence of oxygen or oxygen, and thus pyrolysis is distinguished from combustion, which requires sufficient oxygen.

Pyrolysis is simply defined as the decomposition of a hydrocarbon into its chemical elemental constituents when it reaches high temperatures in an oxygen deficient environment. When the gases produced by pyrolysis cool to room temperature, the heavier gases condense into a liquid, called bio-oil. The lighter gases, such as hydrogen and methane, are referred to as syngas. By varying the pyrolysis temperature and duration, the pyrolysis process can be optimized, and the formation ratios of syngas, bio-oil and biochar can be adjusted. For example, slow pyrolysis at lower temperatures will produce more biochar, while fast pyrolysis at higher temperatures will produce more syngas. By fast pyrolysis, the syngas produced can be combusted within the system to maintain the pyrolysis temperature, leaving only a small amount of biochar as a product after pyrolysis.

Modern developments in pyrolysis technology occur during world war i and ii, which are widely used in the foreline of war. In 1958, bell laboratories in the united states, along with several universities and organizations around the world, developed a development program to study the effectiveness of pyrolysis. These pyrolysis techniques generally focus on the extraction of gases from the waste material.

These early pyrolysis technologies were batch processes: filling materials, sealing the kiln and heating. After each treatment, the kiln is cleaned before the next treatment. In the early 20 th 70 s, batch pyrolysis gasification technology was first commercially applied in the field of medical systems, but the commercial application of the technology was limited due to the small treatment capacity and the technical problem of refractory insulation lining of the kiln. In the late 70 s and early 80 s, batch processing technology was replaced by continuous feed technology, and the fluidized bed cyclone design made gas discharge more efficient. The technology first appeared in the uk, then the united states, germany, japan, canada and the netherlands.

The challenges facing incineration technology are in sync with the development of the pyrolysis technology, and the environmental awareness of people is gradually increased in the beginning of the 80 s, and the related incineration technology and process are strictly examined. Environmental standards are established by various countries and enterprises need to add very expensive equipment to treat emissions, even though the by-products of incineration remain problematic. In incineration systems, the emission of low-volatility metals exceeds the specified limits by a factor of 8 to 10. Due to the oxygen rich environment in the incinerator, low volatile metals combine with oxygen molecules to produce large amounts of by-products. In addition, because of the participation of oxygen, dioxin is very easily generated in incineration. These disadvantages of incineration have prompted research into pyrolysis.

In the middle and late 80 s of the 20 th century, pyrolysis technology using direct heating was introduced into the market in the form of fixed bed, fluidized bed and hybrid designs. The fixed bed means that a heating medium passes through a fixed furnace body from top to bottom, the fluidized bed means that gas and feeding are contacted in the same flow direction, and the gas flow velocity is high enough to enable particles to be suspended. The disadvantage of these techniques is the purity of the by-products. Over the past 30 years, considerable research has been conducted on the above designs and their disadvantages and has begun to lead to the commercial application of new pyrolysis systems, which have shown that pyrolysis can provide more energy than was envisaged.

Pyrolysis has been considered a suitable method for disposing of waste as opposed to incineration, which can cause the effects of toxic emissions such as furans and dioxins, which are organic pollutants that are highly toxic and have a long-term impact on the environment. They are mainly derived from by-products in various industrial processes, and for compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyl and polybrominated biphenyl similar to dioxin, the compounds are components of compound mixtures required by industrial production. They may be products of high temperature processes and may be quenched to below, for example, 250 c to avoid the formation of dioxins.

Research materials, test equipment, existing commercial facilities and plants under construction provide sufficient evidence that pyrolysis is neither new nor untested technology. The key to the problem lies not in the effectiveness of the pyrolysis technology itself, but in the reliable technical application and the visible economic benefits, while being able to operate in a safe and effective manner. For medical waste, pyrolysis is typically carried out at high temperatures up to 1150 ℃, while for vehicle tires temperatures can be as low as 430 ℃. British Compact Power plants in the United kingdom have treated medical waste for over a decade, sealed in hospital clinics and shipped in plastic containers to the plant for disposal.

Many countries around the world are beginning to enforce the process management of hazardous and other waste from the source of production to the disposal site. This will require the relevant industrial enterprises and hospitals to consider how to dispose of their own hazardous waste at the source, to avoid incurring the growth in transportation costs, hazardous spills and carbon emissions.

A large amount of high-temperature pyrolysis synthesis gas is generated in the pyrolysis process, but due to the control of the residence time of the flue gas combustion in various countries, for example, in GB18484-2001 "hazardous waste incineration pollution control standard", the residence time of the flue gas in the kiln is regulated to be not less than 2 seconds, a large amount of air is required for cooling, and then a larger amount of combustion systems are required to meet the regulation of the residence time of the flue gas, thereby limiting the popularization of the pyrolysis technology process.

In summary, in the waste pyrolysis process, the heat utilization is insufficient, the energy is uncontrollable, and the existing separator cannot meet the requirement of large waste treatment capacity in a limited space.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the invention provides a cyclone separator, which is used for solving the problems of substandard discharge, low energy utilization, poor temperature controllability and the like in the prior art.

The invention provides a cyclone separator which comprises a tank body, a seal head, a cyclone separator inlet, a pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet, a solid particle outlet, a first sealing flange plate, a second sealing flange plate, a third sealing flange plate and a separator, wherein the first sealing flange plate is arranged on the tank body; the tank body is connected with the end enclosure in a sealing manner, and the pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet is formed in the upper end of the end enclosure; the solid particle outlet is arranged at the lower end of the tank body; the first flange sealing plate, the second flange sealing plate and the third flange sealing plate are fixedly arranged between the tank body and the end enclosure from top to bottom in sequence; the inlet of the cyclone separator is arranged on the side edge of the tank body between the first flange sealing plate and the second flange sealing plate; the separator penetrates through the first flange sealing plate, the second flange sealing plate and the third flange sealing plate, a pyrolysis synthesis gas tangential inlet is formed in the upper end of the separator, and the pyrolysis synthesis gas tangential inlet is formed between the first flange sealing plate and the second flange sealing plate; and a cooling device is arranged between the second flange sealing plate and the third flange sealing plate.

Preferably, the first sealing flange plate, the second sealing flange plate and the third sealing flange plate are hermetically connected with the separator.

Preferably, the cooling device comprises a cooling device inlet and a cooling device outlet, which are respectively arranged at two sides of the tank body between the second sealing flange plate and the third sealing flange plate.

Preferably, the inlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the jet pump device and the outlet of the pyrolysis furnace; the jet pump device comprises a compressor, an air storage tank and a jet pump which are connected in sequence; and under the suction action of the jet pump, pyrolysis products at the outlet of the pyrolysis furnace and the cyclone separator flow in a direction of 90 ℃.

Preferably, a fluidizer or a spiral conveying shaft for facilitating slag discharge is arranged on the kiln body below the third sealing flange plate.

Preferably, a fluidizer inlet and a fluidizer outlet are respectively arranged on two sides of the kiln body below the third sealing flange plate.

The application also provides a waste treatment device, which comprises a cyclone separator, a pyrolysis furnace and an oxidation combustion system; an outlet of the pyrolysis furnace is connected with the separator, a pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet of the separator is connected with the oxidation combustion system or/and the fuel gas power generation system, and heat generated by the oxidation combustion system is transmitted to the pyrolysis furnace through a heat inlet of the pyrolysis furnace; the gas power generation system utilizes the pyrolysis synthesis gas as gas for power generation.

Preferably, the pyrolysis furnace comprises a shell and a kiln body, wherein a heat inlet is formed in the shell; the kiln body is rotatably arranged in the shell and comprises a waste inlet and an outlet, the waste inlet is used for receiving waste, and the outlet is used for discharging the treated waste; the outer surface of the kiln body is provided with a hollow convex part extending inwards, and the convex part is used for transferring heat to the central part of the pyrolysis furnace.

Preferably, the cross section of the convex part is triangular, rectangular, trapezoidal or U-shaped.

Preferably, the convex part is a U-shaped pipe.

Preferably, the convex part is of a cavity structure, and an opening of the convex part is matched with the outer surface of the kiln body.

Preferably, the protrusions extend to different depths inwardly along the outer surface of the kiln body.

Preferably, the convex parts comprise a plurality of groups, and the number of the convex parts in each group is 1-10; the plurality of groups of convex parts are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumference of the kiln body.

Preferably, the plurality of groups of convex parts are alternately distributed in the axial direction of the kiln body.

Preferably, the kiln body comprises a plurality of kiln body modules which are spliced, and the convex parts are arranged on the kiln body modules.

Preferably, the pyrolysis furnace further comprises a heat distribution device, the heat distribution device is arranged on the periphery of the kiln body, and the holes in the heat distribution device are communicated with the openings of the convex parts.

Preferably, the heat distribution device is a heat distribution pipe or a hot plate.

Preferably, the kiln further comprises a heat shield, the heat distribution pipe is annularly sleeved on the periphery of the kiln body, and the heat shield is embedded between the shell and the heat distribution pipe and used for adjusting the distribution of heat.

Preferably, the number of the hot plates is 2-6, the hot plates are evenly distributed around the outer surface of the kiln body at intervals, and the hot plates and the kiln body are welded or bolted.

Preferably, the shell is internally provided with a heat insulation lining; the shell and the kiln body are concentrically arranged.

Preferably, the rotation speed of the kiln body is adjustable; the kiln body inclination sets up and is convenient for the wastes material dead weight to sink, inclination is adjustable.

In summary, the invention provides a cyclone separator and a waste treatment device, which can separate solid particles and reduce pollutant emission through the arrangement of the cyclone separator; the arrangement of the cooling device can adjust the supply of heat, the supply of heat is matched with the temperature of waste pyrolysis, meanwhile, surplus pyrolysis synthesis gas is effectively utilized to carry out gas power generation, the arrangement of the convex part can reduce the retention time of waste in the kiln body, the pyrolysis efficiency is improved, and the indirect treatment capacity of waste can be increased or the volume of the kiln body is reduced.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an embodiment 1 of a pyrolysis furnace according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an embodiment 2 of a pyrolysis furnace according to the present invention;

FIG. 3a is a schematic view of the overall structure of an embodiment 3 of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention;

FIG. 3b is a left side view of a pyrolysis furnace of example 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 3c is a cross-sectional view of a pyrolysis furnace of example 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of example 3 of a pyrolysis furnace according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an exploded view of an embodiment 4 of a pyrolysis furnace of the present invention;

FIG. 6a is a schematic view of the overall structure of an embodiment 5 of a pyrolysis furnace according to the present invention;

FIG. 6b is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment 5 of a pyrolysis furnace of the present invention;

FIG. 6c is a front view of a pyrolysis furnace of example 5 of the present invention;

FIG. 6d is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment 5 of a pyrolysis furnace of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a separator of a pyrolysis furnace of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a separator of a pyrolysis furnace of the present invention;

in the figure: 1. a housing; 2. a kiln body; 3. a heat insulation lining; 4. a heat inlet; 5. a first inwardly extending heating channel; 6. a second inwardly extending heating trough; 7. a third inward-extending heating tank; 8. a heat distribution pipe; 9. a heat shielding plate; 11. an outlet; 12. a waste inlet; 13. a hollow blade; 14. a hot plate; 15. seaming; 16. a kiln body module; 22. a heat cavity; 25. a cyclone inlet; 26. sealing the end; 27. a separator; 28. the pyrolysis synthesis gas is tangential to the inlet; 29. a pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet; 30. a first sealing flange plate; 31. a second sealing flange plate; 32. a third sealing flange plate; 33. a separator outlet; 34. a solid particle outlet; 35. a cooling device inlet; 36. an outlet of the cooling device; 37. a compressor; 38. a gas storage tank; 39. a pyrolysis synthesis gas inlet; 40. an injection pump; 41. a fluidizer inlet; 42. a fluidizer outlet.

Detailed Description

In view of this, the invention provides a separator, which is used for solving the problems of substandard discharge, low energy utilization, poor temperature controllability and the like in the prior art.

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to explain the present invention in more detail, a pyrolysis furnace according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 and 7-8, the invention provides a cyclone separator, which comprises a tank body, a seal head 26, a cyclone separator inlet 25, a pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet 29, a solid particle outlet 34, a first sealing flange plate 30, a second sealing flange plate 31, a third sealing flange plate 32 and a separator 27; the tank body is hermetically connected with the end enclosure 26, and the pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet 29 is arranged at the upper end of the end enclosure 26; the solid particle outlet 34 is arranged at the lower end of the tank body; the first flange sealing plate 30, the second flange sealing plate 31 and the third flange sealing plate 32 are fixedly arranged between the tank body and the end socket 26 from top to bottom in sequence; the cyclone inlet 25 is located at the side of the vessel between the first and second flange seal plates 30, 31; the separator 27 penetrates through the space between the first flange sealing plate 30, the second flange sealing plate 31 and the third flange sealing plate 32, the pyrolysis synthesis gas tangential inlet 28 is arranged at the upper end of the separator 27, and the pyrolysis synthesis gas tangential inlet 28 is arranged between the first flange sealing plate 30 and the second flange sealing plate 31; a cooling device is arranged between the second flange sealing plate 31 and the third flange sealing plate 32.

The first sealing flange plate 30, the second sealing flange plate 31 and the third sealing flange plate 32 are hermetically connected with the separator 27; the cooling device comprises a cooling device inlet 35 and a cooling device outlet 36, and the cooling device inlet 35 and the cooling device outlet 36 are respectively arranged at two sides of the tank body between the second sealing flange plate 31 and the third sealing flange plate 32; the cyclone inlet 25 is connected to the ejector pump means and the pyrolysis synthesis gas inlet 39; the jet pump device comprises a compressor 37, an air storage tank 38 and a jet pump 40 which are connected in sequence; and under the suction action of the jet pump, pyrolysis products at the outlet of the pyrolysis furnace and the cyclone separator flow in a direction of 90 ℃.

A fluidizer or a spiral conveying shaft convenient for slag discharge is arranged on the kiln body below the third sealing flange plate 32; and a fluidizer inlet and a fluidizer outlet are respectively arranged on two sides of the kiln body below the third sealing flange plate 32, so that solid particles can be conveniently conveyed to a required position in a suspending manner.

The cyclone shown is used in a waste treatment plant further comprising a pyrolysis furnace, an oxidative combustion system (not shown); the outlet 11 of the pyrolysis furnace is connected with the cyclone separator, and the cyclone separator is used for separating solid and gas of waste after pyrolysis of the pyrolysis furnace and separating solid particles; and a pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet of the separator is connected with the oxidation combustion system or/and the fuel gas power generation system, and heat generated by the oxidation combustion system is transmitted to the pyrolysis furnace through a heat inlet of the pyrolysis furnace.

The whole waste pyrolysis process generates a large amount of combustible synthetic gas, and the combustible synthetic gas is used as much as possible; the method comprises the following two aspects that on one hand, the oxidation combustion is used as the heat required by the pyrolysis reaction; on the other hand, the excess combustible synthesis gas is recycled.

The pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet of the separator is connected with the oxidation combustion system, and heat generated by the oxidation combustion system is transmitted to the pyrolysis furnace through the heat inlet of the pyrolysis furnace, so that the pyrolysis reaction is performed by utilizing the heat as much as possible.

If the pyrolysis synthesis gas has surplus; the middle part of the cyclone separator is provided with a cooling device, cold water is introduced into an inlet of the cooling device to bypass one or more cyclone separators to cool solid particles and pyrolyzed synthetic gas, the heat required by the pyrolysis system is matched with the feeding quantity of the pyrolysis kiln, the pyrolyzed synthetic gas is partially shunted to the oxidation chamber after the solid particles are separated by the cyclone separator to burn and generate heat to maintain the system to operate, and the rest part (the cooled gas can be directly introduced into the gas generator set) is mixed with other combustible gas with high calorific value, such as propane, and then enters the gas generator set to generate power.

After the pyrolysis furnace pyrolyzes the waste, the solid-gas separation device is used for separating solid and gas of the waste pyrolyzed by the pyrolysis furnace and separating solid particles; the pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet of the separator is connected with the oxidation combustion system, part or all of the synthesis gas generated by pyrolysis enters the oxidation combustion system, the synthesis gas and the air entering the oxidation combustion system perform diffusion type combustion and generate heat, the chemical reaction is controllable, the required oxygen amount when the pyrolysis synthesis gas is fully combusted can be calculated by contrasting the heat value, the chemical components and the proportion of the waste to be treated, and the total air amount required for maintaining the system operation can be calculated assuming that the content proportion of the oxygen in the air is 21%. After the oxidation combustion reaction is completed, the temperature can reach the peak value of 2,000 ℃ in as short as 2 seconds, and then air or inert gas such as nitrogen is further added to cool the flue gas to the required temperature so as to maintain the heat supply required by the pyrolysis stage, so that the pyrolysis temperature is controllable; that is to say the arrangement of the cooling device indirectly controls the subsequent oxidation combustion reaction.

The separated solid particles can be recycled, the workload of the flue gas dust remover is reduced, and the emission is ensured to meet the waste incineration standard.

Through the industrial control element arranged on the equipment, the system can realize automatic operation by setting a series of process parameters by combining online detection data related to the heat value and information such as the chemical and physical properties of waste. The process parameters comprise temperature, kiln rotating speed and residence time of materials in the kiln, and the inclination angle of the kiln can be adjusted, for example, between 0.5 and 3 ℃, the outlet of the kiln faces downwards, and the dead weight of pyrolysis products is utilized to accelerate the process from the pyrolysis stage to the separation stage.

As shown in FIG. 1, the pyrolysis furnace comprises a shell 1 and a kiln body 2, wherein a heat inlet 4 is arranged on the shell 1; the kiln body 2 is rotatably arranged in the shell 1, the kiln body 2 comprises a waste inlet 12 and an outlet 11, the waste inlet 12 is used for receiving waste, the outlet 11 is used for discharging the treated waste, and the treated waste is pyrolysis synthesis gas and solid particles; the outer surface of the kiln body 2 extends to the inside to form a convex part which is used for transferring heat to the central position of the pyrolysis furnace.

The shape and structure of the convex part are hollow groove structures, and both can transfer heat to the interior of the kiln body.

In fig. 1, the cross-sectional shape of the convex portion is a first inward-extending heating groove 5 having a rectangular shape, a second inward-extending heating groove 6 having a U-shaped cross-section, an inward-extending heating groove 7 having a triangular cross-section, an inward-extending heating groove having a trapezoidal cross-section, or other shapes and combinations thereof.

The openings of the first inner stretching groove 5, the second inner stretching groove 6 and the third inner stretching groove 7 are matched with the outer surface of the kiln body 2, the heat conveyed by the heat inlet 4 is transferred to the inside of the kiln body through the opening of the inner stretching groove,

the protrusions extend inward along the outer surface of the kiln body 2 to different depths, which can be adjusted according to the kind of waste to be pyrolyzed, and the pyrolysis problem is generally as high as 1150 ℃, while the pyrolysis temperature of the tires of the vehicle is as low as 430 ℃, so that the extension depth of the protrusions can be reduced for waste with low pyrolysis temperature requirements.

The number of the convex parts can be adjusted according to pyrolysis waste, the convex parts can be uniformly distributed or distributed on the circumference of the kiln body 2, as shown in figure 1, the cross section of 5 convex parts is a first inward-extending heating groove 5 with a rectangular shape, the cross section of 1 second inward-extending heating groove 6 with a U-shaped shape, and the cross section of 1 inward-extending heating groove 7 with a triangular shape are non-uniformly distributed along the peripheral surface of the kiln body.

The shell body 1 consists of an outer shell and an inner shell, and a fireproof heat-insulation lining 3 is arranged in a space between the outer shell and the inner shell; the shell 1 and the kiln body 2 are concentrically arranged.

The rotation speed of the kiln body 2 is adjustable; the kiln body inclination sets up and is convenient for the wastes material dead weight to sink, inclination is adjustable.

Compared with the traditional waste treatment device, the cyclone separator can separate solid particles and reduce the emission of pollutants; the pyrolysis synthesis gas can be cooled by the arrangement of the cooling device, so that the input quantity of a cooling medium in the oxidation combustion chamber is reduced, and the space occupied by a combustion system is further reduced; the temperature is matched with the temperature of waste pyrolysis, so that the temperature can be controlled indirectly; the heat that lets in the kiln body matches with the pyrolysis temperature that needs the pyrolysis waste matter, not only can realize the heating of the external surface of kiln body and can also realize the heating of the internal portion of kiln through setting up the convex part, make the kiln body satisfy the target pyrolysis temperature of waste matter in the short time, reduce the dwell time of waste matter in the kiln body, not only reduced the formation rate of tar and other materials, pyrolysis efficiency has still been improved, indirect throughput that can increase the waste matter or the volume that reduces the kiln body, thereby it uses in the restricted occasion in other places to allow littleer kiln body.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 2 and 7-8, the invention provides a cyclone separator, which comprises a tank body, a seal head 26, a cyclone separator inlet 25, a pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet 29, a solid particle outlet 34, a first sealing flange plate 30, a second sealing flange plate 31, a third sealing flange plate 32 and a separator 27; the tank body is hermetically connected with the end enclosure 26, and the pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet 29 is arranged at the upper end of the end enclosure 26; the solid particle outlet 34 is arranged at the lower end of the tank body; the first flange sealing plate 30, the second flange sealing plate 31 and the third flange sealing plate 32 are fixedly arranged between the tank body and the end socket 26 from top to bottom in sequence; the cyclone inlet 25 is located at the side of the vessel between the first and second flange seal plates 30, 31; the separator 27 penetrates through the space between the first flange sealing plate 30, the second flange sealing plate 31 and the third flange sealing plate 32, the pyrolysis synthesis gas tangential inlet 28 is arranged at the upper end of the separator 27, and the pyrolysis synthesis gas tangential inlet 28 is arranged between the first flange sealing plate 30 and the second flange sealing plate 31; a cooling device is arranged between the second flange sealing plate 31 and the third flange sealing plate 32.

A fluidizer or a spiral conveying shaft convenient for slag discharge is arranged on the tank body below the third sealing flange plate 32; and a fluidizer inlet and a fluidizer outlet are respectively arranged on two sides of the tank body below the third sealing flange plate 32, so that solid particles can be conveniently conveyed to a required position in a suspending manner.

The cyclone shown is used in a waste treatment plant further comprising a pyrolysis furnace, an oxidative combustion system (not shown); the outlet 11 of the pyrolysis furnace is connected with the cyclone separator, and the cyclone separator is used for separating solid and gas of waste after pyrolysis of the pyrolysis furnace and separating solid particles; and a pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet of the separator is connected with the oxidation combustion system, and heat generated by the oxidation combustion system is transmitted to the pyrolysis furnace through a heat inlet of the pyrolysis furnace.

The whole waste pyrolysis process generates a large amount of combustible synthetic gas, and the combustible synthetic gas is used as much as possible; the method comprises the following two aspects that on one hand, the oxidation combustion is used as the heat required by the pyrolysis reaction; on the other hand, the residual heat is recycled.

After the pyrolysis furnace pyrolyzes the waste, the solid-gas separation device is used for separating solid and gas of the waste pyrolyzed by the pyrolysis furnace and separating solid particles; the pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet of the separator is connected with the oxidation combustion system, part or all of the synthesis gas generated by pyrolysis enters the oxidation combustion system, the synthesis gas and the air entering the oxidation combustion system perform diffusion type combustion and generate heat, the chemical reaction is controllable, the required oxygen amount when the pyrolysis synthesis gas is fully combusted can be calculated by contrasting the heat value of waste to be treated and the gasification temperature of the waste, and the total air amount required for maintaining the system operation can be calculated assuming that the content proportion of oxygen in the air is 21%. After the oxidation combustion reaction is completed, the temperature can reach the peak value of 2,000 ℃ in as short as 2 seconds, and then air or inert gas such as nitrogen is further added to cool the flue gas to the required temperature so as to maintain the heat supply required by the pyrolysis stage, so that the pyrolysis temperature is controllable; that is to say the arrangement of the cooling device indirectly controls the subsequent oxidation combustion reaction.

The separated solid particles can be recycled, and the work load of the flue gas dust remover is reduced, so that the emission meets the relevant emission standard.

Through the industrial control elements arranged on the equipment, the system can realize automatic operation by setting a series of process parameters by combining online detection data related to the heat value and information such as the chemical and physical properties of waste. The process parameters comprise temperature, kiln rotating speed and residence time of materials in the kiln, and the inclination angle of the kiln can be adjusted, for example, between 0.5 and 3 ℃, the outlet of the kiln faces downwards, and the dead weight of pyrolysis products is utilized to accelerate the process from the pyrolysis stage to the separation stage.

As shown in fig. 2, the pyrolysis furnace comprises a shell 1 and a kiln body 2, wherein a heat inlet 4 is arranged on the shell 1; the kiln body 2 is rotatably arranged in the shell 1, the kiln body 2 comprises a waste inlet 12 and an outlet 11, the waste inlet 12 is used for receiving waste, the outlet 11 is used for discharging the treated waste, and the treated waste is pyrolysis synthesis gas and solid particles; the outer surface of the kiln body 2 extends to the inside to form a convex part, and the convex part is used for transferring heat to the central position of the pyrolysis furnace;

for the shape and structure of the convex part, a hollow groove structure is adopted.

The cross section of the convex part is a first inward extending heating groove 5 with a rectangular shape, a second inward extending heating groove 6 with a U-shaped cross section, an inward extending heating groove 7 with a triangular cross section, an inward extending heating groove with a trapezoidal cross section, or other shapes and combinations thereof.

The number of the protrusions may be adjusted according to the pyrolysis waste, and may be uniform or otherwise distributed on the circumference of the kiln body 2.

A fireproof heat insulation lining 3 is arranged inside the shell 1; the shell 1 and the kiln body 2 are concentrically arranged.

The difference from the embodiment 1 is mainly that the pyrolysis furnace also comprises a heat distribution device which is arranged on the periphery of the kiln body, and the hole on the heat distribution device is communicated with the opening of the convex part; as shown in fig. 2, the heat distribution device is a heat distribution pipe 8, and further includes a heat shield 9, the heat distribution pipe 8 is sleeved on the periphery of the kiln body 2, and the heat shield 9 is embedded between the shell 1 and the heat distribution pipe 8 and is used for separating an inlet and an outlet of a heat cavity.

Referring to fig. 2, heat (in the form of flue gas or other forms) enters between the distribution pipe 8 and the refractory heat-insulating lining 3 from the heat inlet 4, reaches the inward-extending heating groove of the kiln body 2 through the holes on the heat distribution pipe 8 to transfer heat, the heat is blocked by the heat shield 9, and the heat in the inward-extending heating groove comes out of the distribution pipe 8 behind the heat shield to perform a waste heat utilization system. Waste is fed from the waste inlet 12 and the pyrolysis synthesis gas, biochar, bio-oil and slag generated by the reaction in the kiln body 2 proceed through the outlet 11 to the separator 27.

The heat shield 9 and the distribution pipe 8 are used for separating the inlet and the outlet of the heat cavity, so that the distribution of heat above and below the kiln body can be adjusted, and the adjustment according to wastes is facilitated.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 3a-3c, 4, and 7-8, the present invention provides a cyclone separator, which comprises a tank body, a head 26, a cyclone separator inlet 25, a pyrolysis syngas outlet 29, a solid particle outlet 34, a first sealing flange plate 30, a second sealing flange plate 31, a third sealing flange plate 32, and a separator 27; the tank body is hermetically connected with the end enclosure 26, and the pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet 29 is arranged at the upper end of the end enclosure 26; the solid particle outlet 34 is arranged at the lower end of the tank body; the first flange sealing plate 30, the second flange sealing plate 31 and the third flange sealing plate 32 are fixedly arranged between the tank body and the end socket 26 from top to bottom in sequence; the cyclone inlet 25 is located at the side of the vessel between the first and second flange seal plates 30, 31; the separator 27 penetrates through the space between the first flange sealing plate 30, the second flange sealing plate 31 and the third flange sealing plate 32, the pyrolysis synthesis gas tangential inlet 28 is arranged at the upper end of the separator 27, and the pyrolysis synthesis gas tangential inlet 28 is arranged between the first flange sealing plate 30 and the second flange sealing plate 31; a cooling device is arranged between the second flange sealing plate 31 and the third flange sealing plate 32.

The whole waste pyrolysis process generates a large amount of combustible synthetic gas, and the combustible synthetic gas is used as much as possible; the method comprises the following two aspects that on one hand, the oxidation combustion is used as the heat required by the pyrolysis reaction; on the other hand, the redundant combustible synthetic gas is recycled.

The pyrolysis furnace shown in figures 3a-3c and 4 comprises a shell 1 and a kiln body 2, wherein a heat inlet 4 is arranged on the shell 1; the kiln body 2 is rotatably arranged in the shell 1, the kiln body 2 comprises a waste inlet 12 and an outlet 11, the waste inlet 12 is used for receiving waste, the outlet 11 is used for discharging the treated waste, and the treated waste is pyrolysis synthesis gas and solid particles; the outer surface of the kiln body 2 extends to the inside to form a convex part, and the convex part is used for transferring heat to the central position of the pyrolysis furnace;

with respect to the shape and structure of the convex portion, as shown in fig. 3, the hollow vane 13 is formed of a U-shaped pipe, and heat enters the interior of the kiln body 2 through an opening at one end of the U-shaped pipe, exchanges heat with the interior of the kiln body 2, and is then discharged through an outlet (in the direction indicated by the arrow in fig. 3).

The protrusions extend inward along the outer surface of the kiln body 2 to different depths, which can be adjusted according to the kind of waste to be pyrolyzed, and the pyrolysis problem is generally as high as 1150 ℃, while the pyrolysis temperature of the tires of the vehicle is as low as 430 ℃, so that the extension depth of the protrusions can be reduced for waste with low pyrolysis temperature requirements. The number of the protrusions may be adjusted according to the pyrolysis waste, and may be uniform or otherwise distributed on the circumference of the kiln body 2. As shown in fig. 3, the hollow blades 13 are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the kiln body 2 and have the same depth extending inwards along the outer surface of the kiln body 2.

The difference from the above embodiment is mainly that the pyrolysis furnace further comprises a heat distribution device besides the convex part, the heat distribution device is arranged on the periphery of the kiln body, and the hole on the heat distribution device is communicated with the opening of the convex part; as shown in fig. 3, the heat distribution device is a hot plate 14, the number of the hot plate 14 is 2-6, the hot plate 14 is evenly distributed around the outer surface of the kiln body 2 at intervals, and the hot plate 14 and the kiln body 2 are welded or bolted.

The hollow blade 13 is made of high-temperature alloy or ceramic material, the made hollow blade 13 is fixed on the kiln body 2, and the hot plate 14 can be connected with the kiln body 2 at a required position through welding or bolts to form a joint 15.

Referring to fig. 3c, heat (in the form of flue gas or other forms) enters between the hot plate 14 and the refractory insulating lining 3 from the heat inlet 4, enters the interior of the kiln body 2 from the opening at one end of the U-shaped tube through the holes in the hot plate 14, exchanges heat with the interior of the kiln body 2, and is then discharged through an outlet.

Referring to figure 4, a cross-sectional view of a pyrolysis furnace is shown wherein the number of hot plates 14 is 6, evenly spaced around the outer surface of the kiln body 2, the hot plates 14 and the refractory insulating lining 3 forming a thermal cavity 22 therebetween.

Example 4

As shown in fig. 5 and 7-8, the difference from the above embodiments is mainly that the kiln body is a split structure, and includes a plurality of kiln body modules 16, the kiln body modules 16 are provided with the protrusions, that is, the kiln body modules 16 are integrated with the protrusions, and the kiln body modules 16 are used to assemble the kiln body, so as to form a specific inward-extending heating slot structure and ensure that the material smoothly flows through the heating slot structure without causing kiln blockage.

Example 5

As shown in fig. 6a-6d, and 7-8, the difference from the above embodiment is mainly that, referring to fig. 6, the kiln body is composed of a plurality of portions 45-49, and the arrangement of the protrusions at different positions is different or the same, for example, the kiln body portion 45 is composed of three sets of protrusions, the number of each set of protrusions is three, and the three sets of protrusions are uniformly distributed along the periphery of the kiln body; the bulges of the kiln body part 46 and the bulges of the kiln body part 45 are axially and alternately distributed; the kiln body portion 48 is identical to the kiln body portion 45; helical blades are arranged inside the kiln body part 49, and the inside of the kiln body part 47 is smooth; the lack of confinement inside the kiln body portion 47 allows for axial thermal expansion thereof; the modular hotplate inlet can be tilted to create a screw-driven effect on the waste in the pyrolysis tube. A specific inwardly extending heating channel structure is formed for the above-described kiln body consisting of several sections 45-49 while ensuring smooth flow of material without causing clogging of the kiln.

In summary, the invention provides a cyclone separator and a waste treatment device, which can separate solid particles and reduce pollutant emission through the arrangement of the cyclone separator; the temperature of the synthesis gas can be reduced through the arrangement of the cooling device, so that a part of the synthesis gas can be shunted to the gas generator set, the supply of heat to the pyrolysis furnace is adjusted to be matched with the temperature of waste pyrolysis, and meanwhile, the surplus pyrolysis synthesis gas is effectively utilized to carry out gas power generation; the heat can be transferred to the inside of the kiln body through the convex parts, the kiln body meets the temperature of waste pyrolysis in a short time, the retention time of the waste in the kiln body is reduced, the pyrolysis efficiency is improved, and the indirect treatment capacity of the waste can be increased or the volume of the kiln body is reduced.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waste treatment device comprises a cyclone separator, a pyrolysis furnace and an oxidation combustion system;

the cyclone separator comprises a tank body, an end enclosure, a cyclone separator inlet, a pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet, a solid particle outlet, a first sealing flange plate, a second sealing flange plate, a third sealing flange plate and a separator; the tank body is connected with the end enclosure in a sealing manner, and the pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet is formed in the upper end of the end enclosure; the solid particle outlet is arranged at the lower end of the tank body; the first sealing flange plate, the second sealing flange plate and the third sealing flange plate are fixedly arranged between the tank body and the end enclosure from top to bottom in sequence; the cyclone separator inlet is arranged on the side edge of the tank body between the first sealing flange plate and the second sealing flange plate; the separator penetrates through the space among the first sealing flange plate, the second sealing flange plate and the third sealing flange plate, a pyrolytic synthesis gas tangential inlet is formed in the upper end of the separator, and the pyrolytic synthesis gas tangential inlet is formed between the first sealing flange plate and the second sealing flange plate; a cooling device is arranged between the second sealing flange plate and the third sealing flange plate; the inlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the jet pump device and the outlet of the pyrolysis furnace; the jet pump device comprises a compressor, an air storage tank and a jet pump which are connected in sequence; a fluidizer or a spiral conveying shaft convenient for slag discharge is arranged on the kiln body below the third sealing flange plate;

the pyrolysis furnace comprises a shell and a kiln body, wherein a heat inlet is formed in the shell; the kiln body is rotatably arranged in the shell and comprises a waste inlet and an outlet, the waste inlet is used for receiving waste, and the outlet is used for discharging the treated waste; the outer surface of the kiln body is provided with a plurality of hollow convex parts extending inwards, and the convex parts are used for transferring heat to the central part of the pyrolysis furnace; the depth of the convex part extending inwards along the outer surface of the kiln body is different; the pyrolysis furnace also comprises a heat distribution device, the heat distribution device is arranged on the periphery of the kiln body, and holes in the heat distribution device are communicated with the openings of the convex parts; the cross section of the convex part is triangular, rectangular, trapezoidal or U-shaped; the pyrolysis furnace also comprises a heat shield, the heat distribution device is a heat distribution pipe, the heat distribution pipe is annularly sleeved on the periphery of the kiln body, and the heat shield is embedded between the shell and the heat distribution pipe and used for separating an inlet and an outlet of a heat cavity;

an outlet of the pyrolysis furnace is connected with the cyclone separator, a pyrolysis synthesis gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the oxidation combustion system or/and the fuel gas power generation system, and heat generated by the oxidation combustion system is transmitted to the pyrolysis furnace through a heat inlet of the pyrolysis furnace; the gas power generation system utilizes the pyrolysis synthesis gas as gas for power generation.

2. The waste disposal device of claim 1, wherein: the first sealing flange plate, the second sealing flange plate, the third sealing flange plate and the separator are all connected in a sealing mode.

3. The waste disposal device of claim 2, wherein: the cooling device comprises a cooling device inlet and a cooling device outlet, and the cooling device inlet and the cooling device outlet are respectively arranged on two sides of the tank body between the second sealing flange plate and the third sealing flange plate.

4. A waste disposal device as claimed in claim 3 wherein: and under the suction action of the jet pump, pyrolysis products at the outlet of the pyrolysis furnace and the cyclone separator flow in a direction of 90 ℃.

5. The waste disposal device of claim 4, wherein: and a fluidizer inlet and a fluidizer outlet are respectively arranged on two sides of the kiln body below the third sealing flange plate.

6. A waste disposal device as claimed in claim 5 wherein the projection is a U-shaped tube.

7. The waste disposal device of claim 6, wherein said projection is a cavity structure, and wherein an opening of said projection is fitted into an outer surface of said kiln body.

8. A waste disposal device as claimed in claim 7 wherein said projections comprise a plurality of sets, each set having a number of projections in the range of 1 to 10; the plurality of groups of convex parts are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumference of the kiln body.

9. The waste disposal device of claim 8, wherein said plurality of sets of projections alternate in the axial direction of said kiln body.

10. The waste treatment plant of claim 9 wherein said kiln body comprises a plurality of kiln body modules joined together, said kiln body modules having said projections disposed thereon.

11. A waste disposal device as claimed in claim 10 wherein the housing is internally provided with an insulating liner; the shell and the kiln body are concentrically arranged.

12. The waste treatment plant of claim 11 wherein the kiln body is rotatable at an adjustable speed; the kiln body inclination sets up and is convenient for the wastes material dead weight to sink, inclination is adjustable.