CN109321917B - Pre-brazing diamond surface metallization method - Google Patents
Pre-brazing diamond surface metallization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109321917B CN109321917B CN201811101504.7A CN201811101504A CN109321917B CN 109321917 B CN109321917 B CN 109321917B CN 201811101504 A CN201811101504 A CN 201811101504A CN 109321917 B CN109321917 B CN 109321917B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/18—Metallic material, boron or silicon on other inorganic substrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1689—After-treatment
- C23C18/1692—Heat-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/48—Coating with alloys
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for metallizing the surface of a pre-brazed diamond, which comprises the following steps: step 1, plating a titanium layer on the surface of a diamond; step 2, plating a copper-tin-phosphorus alloy layer on the titanium layer on the surface of the diamond by chemical plating; and 3, finally, carrying out heat treatment on the diamond subjected to chemical plating treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to obtain the surface pre-brazed metallized diamond. The invention has simple process, easy implementation and strong applicability, the prepared metallized diamond with the pre-brazed surface has TiC generation at the interface of the titanium layer and the diamond to form chemical bond combination, and the titanium layer and the copper-tin-phosphorus alloy layer form Cu-Sn-Ti alloy to be uniformly brazed on the surface of the diamond, the copper-tin-phosphorus alloy at the outer layer of the surface of the diamond can be well compatible with the interface of a matrix, the holding force of the matrix on the diamond is improved, the diamond is prevented from falling off too early, and the service life of a diamond tool is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of diamond surface pretreatment, in particular to a method for metallizing a pre-brazed diamond surface.
Background
The diamond belongs to a non-metallic material, and the interface energy between the diamond and metal or alloy is very high, so that most of simple substances of metal or alloy are difficult to effectively wet the diamond, and the diamond is difficult to fall off prematurely due to insufficient holding force of a metal or alloy matrix on the diamond in the use process of pressing a bonding agent diamond tool such as a diamond saw blade and a drill bit by metal powder, the utilization rate of the diamond is very low, and the diamond tool only exerts about 20% of the working efficiency actually reported, thereby seriously influencing the service life of the diamond tool.
In order to improve the holding force of the matrix to the diamond, the surface of the diamond is usually coated, for example, Ni and Cu are plated by chemical plating and electroplating, Ti, Cr, W and the like are plated by vacuum micro-evaporation, and after Ti is plated, Ni is electroplated to form a Ti — Ni composite plating layer. However, these treatments all have some drawbacks: the surface plated with Ni, Cu and the like can only form mechanical combination with the surface of the diamond, and gaps exist between the plating layer and the diamond, so that the improvement on the holding effect of the diamond is limited; in the vacuum micro-evaporation method, although a TiC layer is generated on the interface between a Ti-plated layer and diamond, the chemical bond is formed by the bonding between the plating layer and the diamond, the Ti-plated layer is very thin, and no clear explanation is found on how the formed TiC/Ti layer is bonded with the interface of a matrix bonding agent; the Ti-Ni composite plating layer is generated by TiC and TiNi compounds, but the nickel layer with high melting point also has the problem of interface bonding with a carcass binder, and is not suitable for all carcass binders, particularly in a carcass with low nickel content or even without nickel.
Cu, Sn and their alloys are common binder elements in diamond metal bond tools, and the invention patent application with patent application number 201610862345.7 discloses a diamond surface metallization method: the method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing cleaned diamond with molten salt such as NaCl, micro-nano metal Cu and micro-nano active material metal Cr according to a certain proportion, and preserving heat for 0.5-3 hours at 800-1000 ℃ in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to obtain the diamond particles coated with the gradient surface modification consisting of a reaction carbide layer, an active material layer and a metal Cu layer. The method is complex in process, proper isolating agents are needed between the diamonds to prevent the diamonds from being adhered together, the surfaces of the diamonds are corroded seriously, and the coating is discontinuous.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for metallizing the surface of a pre-brazed diamond, which has simple process and strong applicability, can form chemical bond combination with the surface of the diamond, can well form interface compatibility with a matrix, uniformly coats the matrix and has no damage to the diamond.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
a method of pre-braze diamond surface metallization comprising the steps of:
step 1, plating a titanium layer on the surface of a diamond;
step 2, plating a copper-tin-phosphorus alloy layer on the titanium layer on the surface of the diamond by chemical plating;
and 3, finally, carrying out heat treatment on the diamond subjected to chemical plating treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to obtain the surface pre-brazed metallized diamond.
In the step 1, the titanium layer is plated by a vacuum micro-evaporation method, and the weight of the titanium layer is increased by 0.1-1 wt% of the weight of the diamond.
In step 2, the plating solution adopted by the chemical plating comprises the following components: CuSO4 2~8g/L,SnSO4 3~12g/L,NaH2PO210-30 g/L of complexing agent, 10-50 g/L of complexing agent and 0.1-2 g/L of brightening agent.
The complexing agent is potassium sodium tartrate, EDTA, hydroquinone, sodium citrate, sodium acetate and HBO3One or a mixture of several of them.
The brightener is one or a mixture of more of industrial saccharin, coumarin, brightener A02-186 and brightener HA-HCU.
In step 2, the chemical plating is one-time plating or multiple-time plating.
In the step 2, in the process of carrying out multiple times of plating by adopting the chemical plating, CuSO is changed4And SnSO4The dosage proportion of the copper, tin and phosphorus alloy layer, CuSO, with different copper, tin and phosphorus proportions is obtained4And SnSO4The using amount ratio of the copper-tin-phosphorus alloy layer is 1: 2-2: 1, and the weight of the copper-tin-phosphorus alloy layer is 5-15 wt% of the weight of the diamond.
In step 3, the non-oxidizing atmosphere is a vacuum atmosphere, an inert atmosphere or a hydrogen reducing atmosphere.
In the step 3, the heat treatment temperature is 600-850 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 20-60 min.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the surface pre-brazed diamond prepared by the method for metallizing the surface of the pre-brazed diamond has TiC generation at the interface of the titanium layer and the diamond to form chemical bond combination, the titanium layer and the copper-tin-phosphorus alloy layer form Cu-Sn-Ti alloy which is uniformly brazed on the surface of the diamond, and the copper-tin-phosphorus alloy on the outer layer of the surface of the diamond can be well compatible with the interface of a matrix, so that the holding force of the matrix on the diamond is improved, the diamond is prevented from falling off too early, and the service life of a diamond tool is prolonged. The invention has simple process, easy implementation and strong applicability.
According to the method for metallizing the surface of the pre-brazed diamond, the Cu-Sn-P alloy component proportion well combined with a titanium layer and brazed on the surface of the diamond and the Cu-Sn-P alloy component proportion well combined with a matrix are respectively formed according to needs by selecting different components, component usage amounts and plating times, and the weight gain of the titanium layer and the weight gain of each copper-tin-phosphorus alloy layer can be selected to meet the performance needs of the matrix, so that the surface pre-brazed metallized diamond with excellent performance is obtained.
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is explained in detail by the following specific examples.
Example one
1. Preparing the surface pre-brazed metallized diamond:
a method of pre-braze diamond surface metallization comprising the steps of:
step 1, taking a diamond with the granularity of 45/50 for diamond saw blade production, and firstly plating a titanium layer on the surface of the diamond by a vacuum micro-evaporation method to ensure that the weight of the titanium layer is 0.3 wt% of the weight of the diamond;
step 2, respectively plating a copper-tin-phosphorus alloy layer on the titanium layer on the surface of the diamond by chemical plating through twice plating, wherein the plating solution used for the first plating comprises the following components:
CuSO4 5g/L,SnSO4 8g/L,NaH2PO212g/L, 10g/L potassium sodium tartrate, HBO330g/L of brightener HA-HCU 0.2 g/L; plating conditions: pH 5, plating temperature 60 ℃; obtaining a copper tin phosphorus alloy layer containing 10% of tin and 2% of phosphorus (the balance being copper);
the plating solution used for the second plating comprises the following components:
CuSO4 3g/L,SnSO4 4g/L,NaH2PO215g/L, 8g/L of EDTA, 5g/L of sodium acetate and 0.2g/L of brightener HA-HCU; plating conditions: pH 5, plating temperature 60 ℃; obtaining a copper tin phosphorus alloy layer containing 6% of tin and 3% of phosphorus (the balance being copper), wherein the copper tin phosphorus alloy layer is added by 6 wt% of the weight of the diamond;
and 3, finally, carrying out heat treatment on the diamond subjected to chemical plating treatment for 30min at 740 ℃ in a hydrogen reducing atmosphere to obtain the surface pre-brazed metallized diamond.
In this example, the brightener HA-HCU was purchased from Nanjing Green bamboo science and technology Co.
In the method for metallizing the surface of the pre-brazed diamond, the metal coating and the surface of the diamond are not simply mechanically combined, otherwise, a gap exists between the metal coating and the diamond.
According to the surface metallization method for the pre-brazed diamond, the titanium layer and the copper-tin-phosphorus alloy layer are formed on the surface of the prepared surface pre-brazed metallized diamond, TiC is generated on the interface of the titanium layer and the diamond to form chemical bond combination, and the Cu-Sn-Ti alloy formed by the titanium layer and the copper-tin-phosphorus alloy layer is uniformly brazed on the surface of the diamond, so that the diamond cannot fall off prematurely, and the service life is prolonged.
The method for metallizing the surface of the pre-brazed diamond is not easy to cause the erosion of the surface of the diamond and can ensure the strength of the diamond.
2. And (3) performance testing:
the surface pre-brazed metalized diamond prepared in this example and the CuSn formula matrix metal powder were mixed in a mixer according to a known production method, and then hot-pressed into a tool bit and made into a diamond saw blade, and a stone cutting experiment was performed with a general diamond saw blade that was not metalized, and the comparison results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: the cutting effect of the diamond saw blade containing the surface pre-brazed metalized diamond is compared with that of the ordinary diamond saw blade which is not metalized
Example two
1. Preparing the surface pre-brazed metallized diamond:
a method of pre-braze diamond surface metallization comprising the steps of:
step 1, taking a diamond with the granularity of 45/50 for diamond saw blade production, and firstly plating a titanium layer on the surface of the diamond by a vacuum micro-evaporation method to ensure that the weight of the titanium layer is 0.5 wt% of the weight of the diamond;
step 2, plating a copper-tin-phosphorus alloy layer on the titanium layer on the surface of the diamond by chemical plating twice, wherein the plating solution used for the first plating comprises the following components:
CuSO4 6g/L,SnSO4 10g/L,NaH2PO212g/L, 10g/L of EDTA, 5g/L of hydroquinone and 02-1860.1 g/L of brightener A; plating conditions: pH 5, plating temperature 55 ℃; obtaining a copper tin phosphorus alloy layer containing 12% of tin and 2% of phosphorus (the balance being copper);
the plating solution used for the second plating comprises the following components:
CuSO4 3g/L,SnSO4 5g/L,NaH2PO215g/L, 8g/L of EDTA, 5g/L of hydroquinone and 02-1860.1 g/L of brightener A; plating conditions: pH 5, plating temperature 55 ℃; obtaining a copper tin phosphorus alloy layer containing 6% of tin and 3% of phosphorus (the balance being copper), wherein the copper tin phosphorus alloy layer is added by 8 wt% of the weight of the diamond;
and 3, finally, carrying out heat treatment on the diamond subjected to chemical plating treatment at 800 ℃ for 30min in a hydrogen reducing atmosphere to obtain the surface pre-brazed metallized diamond.
In this example, brighteners A02-186 were purchased from Shaogumei Deutsche chemical Co., Ltd.
2. And (3) performance testing:
the surface pre-brazed metalized diamond prepared in the present example and the nickel-containing formula matrix metal powder were mixed in a mixer according to a known production method, and then hot-pressed into a tool bit and made into a diamond saw blade, and a stone cutting experiment was performed with a general diamond saw blade which was not metalized, and the comparison results are shown in table 2.
Table 2: the cutting effect of the diamond saw blade containing the surface pre-brazed metalized diamond is compared with that of the ordinary diamond saw blade which is not metalized
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the form and style of the present invention, and any suitable changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art should be considered as not departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A pre-brazing diamond surface metallization method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, plating a titanium layer on the surface of a diamond;
step 2, plating a copper-tin-phosphorus alloy layer on the titanium layer on the surface of the diamond by chemical plating;
step 3, finally, carrying out heat treatment on the diamond subjected to chemical plating treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to obtain a surface pre-brazed metallized diamond;
in the step 1, the titanium layer is plated by a vacuum micro-evaporation method, and the weight of the titanium layer is increased to 0.1-1 wt% of the weight of the diamond;
in step 2, the plating solution adopted by the chemical plating comprises the following components: CuSO4 2~8g/L,SnSO4 3~12g/L,NaH2PO210-30 g/L of complexing agent, 10-50 g/L of complexing agent and 0.1-2 g/L of brightening agent;
in the step 3, the heat treatment temperature is 600-850 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 20-60 min.
2. A method of metallizing a pre-brazed diamond surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the complexing agent is potassium sodium tartrate, EDTA, hydroquinone, sodium citrate, sodium acetate and HBO3One or a mixture of several of them.
3. A method of metallizing a pre-brazed diamond surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the brightener is one or a mixture of more of industrial saccharin, coumarin, brightener A02-186 and brightener HA-HCU.
4. A method of metallizing a pre-brazed diamond surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 2, the chemical plating is one-time plating or multiple-time plating.
5. A method of metallizing a pre-brazed diamond surface according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step 2, in the process of carrying out multiple times of plating by adopting the chemical plating, CuSO is changed4And SnSO4The dosage proportion of the copper, tin and phosphorus alloy layer, CuSO, with different copper, tin and phosphorus proportions is obtained4And SnSO4The using amount ratio of the copper-tin-phosphorus alloy layer is 1: 2-2: 1, and the weight of the copper-tin-phosphorus alloy layer is 5-15 wt% of the weight of the diamond.
6. A method of metallizing a pre-brazed diamond surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 3, the non-oxidizing atmosphere is a vacuum atmosphere, an inert atmosphere or a hydrogen reducing atmosphere.
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