CN109315243A - A kind of method of high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens - Google Patents
A kind of method of high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens Download PDFInfo
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- CN109315243A CN109315243A CN201811241076.8A CN201811241076A CN109315243A CN 109315243 A CN109315243 A CN 109315243A CN 201811241076 A CN201811241076 A CN 201811241076A CN 109315243 A CN109315243 A CN 109315243A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens, the field soil that becomes larger plantation is the bed soil plantation in seedling-cultivation plate with preparation, three-dimensional, industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens in greenhouse, the cooling measures such as comprehensive ventilation, sunshade, outdoor spray realize that high temperature season is quick, mass production Chinese little greens.The present invention plants Chinese little greens in the indoor seedling-cultivation plate of temperature, and by artificial to temperature, moisture, fertilizer, eliminating the environment such as soil, rainwater, temperature influences, and realizes that southern summer produces Chinese little greens in enormous quantities；Crop smothering can be exempted, isolation insect pest, reduce disease, use no or little pesticide, the Chinese little greens quality planted out is high, more safe and healthy；Sowing is quick, emergence is uniform, education and correction for juvenile offenders, harvesting are convenient after seedling, simple and easy, time and labour saving；Using the facility largely possessed in production, such as greenhouse, seedling disk, sunshade net, ventilation, practicing system is few, and feasibility is high；Using three-dimensional multi-layer planting, the space utilization rate in greenhouse is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens
Method.
Background technique
Chinese little greens refer in particular to two leaves wholeheartedly, 10 centimetres of plant height or so crucifer pakchoi (green vegetables) (Brassica
Chinensis) tender seedling.Chinese little greens calcium rich in, phosphorus, iron, tender texture, fragrant taste, food suitable for four seasons are most by big
One of the vegetable that crowd welcomes.The civil saying for being known as " loseing blueness in three days, see stars ", exactly refers in daily life and does not lack
This important green vegetable of Chinese little greens.Pakchoi property is liked to cool, and summer high temperature is rainy in south China, and Chinese little greens plantation exists
Many difficulties and problem:
1) after planting emergence is difficult under high temperature season open-air condition, and it is difficult to grow after emergence, and seedling stage meets heavy rain and is easy to ruin seedling.Simultaneously
High temperature and rainy causes pest and disease damage serious, and pesticide dosage increases, and is unfavorable for health.
2) room temperature is often higher than outdoor under greenhouse experiment, exceeds rice shoot tolerance range.When outdoor greenhouse is very high, lead to
Cooling effect has been not achieved in wind and sunshade measure.Room spray method is accumulated with room temperature, and effect is more and more unobvious, and is made by spraying
It is too big at indoor humidity, it is easy rotten rotten leaf.Air-conditioning method cooling cost is too high.
3) conventional method Chinese little greens are planted in outdoor field, and need to squat down on the ground artificial harvesting, are disappeared in high temperature season physical strength
It consumes very big.Chinese little greens seedling body is small, and it is uneven that conventional method plants growing way, in addition being mingled with the objects such as weeds, harvesting, sorting efficiency are low,
The amount of labour used is big, increases production cost.
4) Chinese little greens growth cycle is short, is all often continuous cropping continuous cropping in production, and part root, stem, leaf etc. remain in soil,
Germ and worm's ovum are carried, the generation of lower stubble Chinese little greens plantation pest and disease damage is increased.
In south China, summer Chinese little greens demand is big, but it is high to produce difficulty, low output, price, while pesticide residue is tight
Weight.Therefore there is an urgent need to it is a kind of it is high-efficient, at low cost, can be with scale, the method for the factorial production Chinese little greens, to increase production
Amount improves quality, reduces price, enriches the vegetable supply of summer high temperature season.
Applicant develops a kind of rape blanket seedling method for culturing seedlings in recent years, in rice shoot control, bed soil formula, essence
Determine that technological innovation is realized in amount sowing etc., batch production, scale, standardization are cultivated highdensity in rice seedling nursing disc
Rape Seedling carries out high speed using rice transplanter and plants.This technology has obtained 6 domestic invention patent mandates
(ZL201210418971.9、ZL201510286124.5、ZL201410065730.X、ZL201410067082.1、
ZL201510754993.6, ZL201410067623.0), the international invention patent mandate (56089581-1CA) of 1 Canada, and
Ten great leading property agricultural technologys in 2018 are classified as by the Ministry of Agriculture.Rape and pakchoi belong to Cruciferae Brassica genus, growth
Habit has many similarities, and the relevant technologies measure for cultivating Rape Seedling is the important foundation of baby chick colza plant.But the two is again
There are many differences, if pakchoi seed is smaller, Chinese little greens breeding time and leaf age are smaller, the season of growth of the two and weather item
Part is different.The demand of the final products of formation is also different: Rape Seedling requires stalwartness vibrant, and target is acquirement height after transplanting
It produces, and Chinese little greens are then that form good seedling body edible.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of method of high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens, the field soil that becomes larger plantation is
With the bed soil plantation prepared in seedling-cultivation plate, three-dimensional, industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens in greenhouse, comprehensive ventilation, sunshade, outdoor
Spray etc. cooling measures, realize high temperature season quickly, mass production Chinese little greens.
To achieve the above object, present invention provide the technical scheme that
A kind of method of high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens, comprising the following steps:
1) variety selection: selection heat resistant variety；
2) bed soil is prepared；Since the growth cycle of Chinese little greens only has 20~25 days, the basic principle that bed soil is prepared is nutrition
Comprehensively and sufficient, growth period is not required to top dressing again；But nutrition is not much above that, to prevent burn seedlings:
I. standby native: to take the topsoil of the free of contamination non-crop in cruciferae of preceding stubble to be sieved, sieve pore mesh side length is 4mm；
Ii. it mixes fertilizer: admixing 4~5g of purity nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and each 2~3g of potash fertilizer in each seedling-cultivation plate bed soil, borax 0.2~
0.3g, and mix；In addition, 200~300g is admixed through decomposed organic fertilizer in bed soil, and the diversity having additional nutrients, Yi Jifei
The lasting supply of effect；
Iii. it sterilizes: admixing fungicide in above-mentioned bed soil and carry out disinfection sterilization, removing pathogeny；
Iv. it adjusts pH value: adjusting the pH value of above-mentioned bed soil to 6.5~7.0, grown within this range most useful for Chinese little greens；
V. damping: suitable bed soil humidity is conducive to seed sprouting；Bed soil in moisture is added, until hold it is agglomerating, without bright
Underwater drop is advisable；
3) sabot；Bed soil is packed into seedling-cultivation plate, bed soil is lower than disk mouth 5mm；
4) it sows；Uniformly emergence could uniformly for sowing, and uniform growing way of emerging could be consistent, and growing way is unanimously conducive to improve small
Green vegetables product picture, is also beneficial to harvest；It is sowed using seeding apparatus, every disk thickness of sowing is 1200~1500；After planting
With bed earth mulch seed；
6) disc stack；If together by the good seedling disk vertical pile of the above-mentioned sowing of dry pan, building suitable temperature and humidity to protect
Demonstrate,prove the bud ratio of seed and the neat rate of budding；
7) balance；The expansion of seedling disk is put into greenhouse when the seed in seedling disk has 1/3~1/2 dew Huang；
8) water management；Transpiration is strong in high temperature season greenhouse, and bed soil dehydration is fast, and moisture is replenished in time；It was found that dish
Seedling has slight wilt to need moisturizing；Moisturizing will uniformly, and especially corner part will mend water；High temperature and humidity vegetable seedling be easy rotten it is rotten
Leaf will be aerated wet down when humidity is excessive；
9) temperature management: temperature management is that the preference temperature of the growth of pakchoi is 18~20 DEG C, the growth of heat resistant variety
Temperature also should not be for a long time more than 30 DEG C；When warm room temperature is not higher than 30 DEG C, based on aeration-cooling；When outdoor temperature height
When 30 DEG C, sunshade net is covered above greenhouse simultaneously and is cooled down；It, be simultaneously in temperature when warm room temperature is higher than 35 DEG C
Outdoor carries out spraying cooling to greenhouse；
10) insect prevention: since the plantation of bed soil avoids the harm of weeds, insect prevention becomes groundwork；It will before Chinese little greens plantation
With the thorough sterilization and disinfestation of medicament and worm's ovum after greenhouse is closed；The position that greenhouse is in communication with the outside during plantation is carried out with fly net
Isolation, a certain number of yellow plates of warm indoor location are trapped and killed；
11) it harvests；It can be harvested when vegetable seedling grows third blade；Due to not having weeds sundries in vegetable seedling, growing way is equal
It is even consistent, can receipts be neatly directly cut along the Pan Kou of seedling disk.
Selection kind blueness volt enables, is beautiful, it is magnificent be preced with or heat resistanceheat resistant 605.
Phosphate fertilizer is P2O5, potash fertilizer K2O4。
Seeding apparatus can be placed in B structure by two sowing structure compositions of A plate and B plate, the A structure, and can
It is moved in B structure；The middle part of the A structure is sowing region, and the front and rear sides for sowing region are respectively that seed accommodates pond,
One end of A structure extends outwardly, and forms handle；The cross section in the sowing region of A structure is waveform, at wavy trough bottom
End is equipped with several planting holes, and when the A structure is placed in B structure, the position of A plate planting hole is corresponded in B structure
Place was equipped with kind of a hole, and kind of the hole of crossing is corresponded with planting hole, and deviates half of pitch-row to side than planting hole, to realize
When A structure is pushed into B structure bottom, planting hole is covered by the non-porous position of B structure, when extracting half of pitch-row out outward, planting hole
Position is Chong Die with kind of hole site is crossed.
The space utilization rate in greenhouse is improved when balance, seedling disk can be placed on the shelf of multilayer, three-dimensional planting；
It will be there are enough spaces, to guarantee sufficient illumination between two layers.
Temperature management is that the preference temperature of the growth of pakchoi is 18~20 DEG C, and the growth temperature of heat resistant variety should not also be grown
Time is more than 30 DEG C；When warm room temperature is not higher than 30 DEG C, based on aeration-cooling；When outdoor temperature is higher than 30 DEG C,
Sunshade net is covered above greenhouse simultaneously to cool down；It, be simultaneously outside greenhouse to greenhouse when warm room temperature is higher than 35 DEG C
Carry out spraying cooling.
Seedling disk can be moved and be placed in suitable height to comfortable interior and harvested.
After bed soil after harvesting carries out nutritional supplementation, adjustment pH value, disinfection and sterilization, carry out again using.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) method core of the invention is the indoor seedling-cultivation plate plantation Chinese little greens of temperature, and by temperature, moisture, fertilizer
Manually, the influence of the environment such as soil, rainwater, temperature is eliminated, realizes that summer produces Chinese little greens in enormous quantities in south China；
2) method of the invention can exempt crop smothering, isolation insect pest, reduce disease, use no or little pesticide, plant out
Chinese little greens quality is high, more safe and healthy；
It 3) is that sowing is quick, emergence is uniform, education and correction for juvenile offenders, harvesting are convenient after seedling the characteristics of entire technical solution, it is simple and easy, it saves
Shi Shenggong；
4) method of the invention is implemented using the facility largely possessed in production, such as greenhouse, seedling disk, sunshade net, ventilation
Less investment, feasibility are high；
5) method of the invention uses three-dimensional multi-layer planting, and the space utilization rate in greenhouse greatly improves, unit area
Yield can be improved 3 times or more.
6) method key technical index of the invention realizes quantization and easily surveys, easy to learn easy, is suitble to standardization, scale
Change, the requirement of industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens, to the supply of abundant south China summer vegetable, improves quality of vegetable with important meaning
Justice has a extensive future.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: the schematic diagram of high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further explained in the light of specific embodiments.
A kind of method of high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens, which comprises the following steps:
1) varieties of plant selects heat resistant variety blueness volt to enable.
2) bed soil is prepared.
Standby soil: taking the topsoil of the free of contamination non-crop in cruciferae of preceding stubble to be sieved, and sieve pore mesh side length is 4mm.
It mixes fertilizer: admixing purity nitrogen 4.5g, phosphorus (p in each seedling disk soil2o5) and potassium (k2o4) each 2.5g, borax 0.25g, and mix
It is even.In addition, admixing 250 through decomposed rapeseed cake fertilizer in bed soil.
Disinfection: being made into 1000 times of liquid for 50% carbendazim, add the dosage of 70g carbendazim to spray by 1000 kilograms of bed soil, sprays
It is mixed thoroughly, is sealed 2 days~3 days with film afterwards.
Adjustment pH value: the pH value of above-mentioned bed soil is adjusted to 6.5~7.0.
Damping: bed soil in moisture is added, until hold it is agglomerating, it is no it is bright it is underwater drop be advisable.
3) sabot.Bed soil is packed into seedling-cultivation plate 2, bed soil is lower than Pan Kou about 5mm.
4) it sows.It is carried out using the seeding apparatus of " a kind of high-efficiency precision amount positioning planting method " (ZL201510754993.6)
Sowing, every disk thickness of sowing are 1200~1500, after planting use bed earth mulch seed.
5) disc stack.The seedling disk vertical pile sowed will be stated together, layer height can be stacked to 50 disks.
6) balance.The expansion of seedling disk is put into the indoor multilayer vegetable seedling frame of temperature when the seed in seedling disk has 1/3~1/2 dew Huang
On 1, four layers are put altogether, and interval height is 45cm between upper layer and lower layer.Aisle is stayed between two column frame vegetable seedling framves.
7) water management.Water installations 5 are applied by spraying in the bottom of every layer frame, the top installation of rice shoot, and discovery vegetable seedling has gently
Spraying device is opened when micro- wilting carries out moisturizing.When relative air humidity is more than 95% in canopy, 4 wet down of draft fan is opened.
8) temperature management.When warm room temperature is up to 25~30 DEG C, opens draft fan 4 and be aerated cooling.Work as outdoor temp
When degree is higher than 30 DEG C, while ventilation, upper greenhouse top covering 8 net of sunshade of screenings cools down.When warm room temperature is higher than 35 DEG C
When, the spray above greenhouse is opened simultaneouslySystem 9 carries out spraying cooling, spray to greenhouse from outsideWater can use underground water
Or cold water in the depth of the river.
9) insect prevention.Chinese little greens plantation before by greenhouse it is closed after, with the thorough sterilization and disinfestation of carbendazim (ovum).Greenhouse during plantation
The position contacted with the external world is isolated with fly net, and a certain number of yellow plates of warm indoor location are trapped and killed.
10) it harvests.It can be harvested when vegetable seedling 3 grows third blade.Seedling disk can be moved to comfortable interior, be placed
In being harvested on station, with knife along the Pan Kou of seedling disk neatly cut receipts after list.
11) recycling of bed soil.After bed soil after harvesting carries out nutritional supplementation, adjustment pH value, disinfection and sterilization, again into
It exercises and uses.
For the implementation result for verifying this method, comparative test is carried out.Y1 is the plantation of conventional surface ground, and application rate is
1.5Kg/ mu.Y2 is operated by this method.Test site is that the Zhenjiang golden flower development in agricultural science and technology of Zhengjiang City Dantu District hereditary property continent is limited
Company proving ground.Test period is on August 11st, 20 days 1 July in 2018, and during which temperature on average is 32 DEG C.
Note: the height of seedling uniformity height of seedling coefficient of variation inverse (i.e. the mean values of height of seedling be its standard deviation multiple) table
Show, numerical value is bigger, and expression uniformity is higher.
By comparative test it can be found that after using the technical measures of the method for the present invention, after planting emergence rate and planting percent
It significantly improves, vegetable seedling is more neat when harvesting, and fertilising, spraying times significantly reduce, and the amount of labour used can reduce 2 per acre, and yield increases
Add significantly, the economic benefit for planting Chinese little greens is greatly improved.
The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention in any form, any ripe
Professional and technical personnel is known, without departing from the scope of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention, to the above reality
Any simple modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements etc. made by example are applied, it is fallen within the scope of protection of the technical scheme of the present invention
It is interior.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method of high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
1) variety selection: selection heat resistant variety；
2) bed soil is prepared；Since the growth cycle of Chinese little greens only has 20~25 days, the basic principle that bed soil is prepared is that nutrition is comprehensive
And it is sufficient, growth period is not required to top dressing again；But nutrition is not much above that, to prevent burn seedlings:
I. standby native: to take the topsoil of the free of contamination non-crop in cruciferae of preceding stubble to be sieved, sieve pore mesh side length is 4mm；
Ii. it mixes fertilizer: admixing 4~5g of purity nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer each 2~3g, 0.2~0.3g of borax in each seedling-cultivation plate bed soil, and
It mixes；In addition, admix 200~300g through decomposed organic fertilizer in bed soil, the diversity that has additional nutrients and fertilizer efficiency continue
Supply；
Iii. it sterilizes: admixing fungicide in above-mentioned bed soil and carry out disinfection sterilization, removing pathogeny；
Iv. it adjusts pH value: adjusting the pH value of above-mentioned bed soil to 6.5~7.0, grown within this range most useful for Chinese little greens；
V. damping: suitable bed soil humidity is conducive to seed sprouting；Moisture is added in bed soil, until hold it is agglomerating, without bright underwater
Drop is advisable；
3) sabot；Bed soil is packed into seedling-cultivation plate, bed soil is lower than disk mouth 5mm；
4) it sows；Uniformly emergence could uniformly for sowing, and uniform growing way of emerging could be consistent, and growing way is unanimously conducive to improve Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve
Product picture is also beneficial to harvest；It is sowed using seeding apparatus, every disk thickness of sowing is 1200~1500；After planting use bed
Earth mulch seed；
5) disc stack；If together by the good seedling disk vertical pile of the above-mentioned sowing of dry pan, building suitable temperature and humidity guarantees kind
The bud ratio of son and the neat rate of budding；
6) balance；The expansion of seedling disk is put into greenhouse when the seed in seedling disk has 1/3~1/2 dew Huang；
7) water management；Transpiration is strong in high temperature season greenhouse, and bed soil dehydration is fast, and moisture is replenished in time；It was found that vegetable seedling has
Slight wilt needs moisturizing；Moisturizing will uniformly, and especially corner part will mend water；High temperature and humidity vegetable seedling is easy rotten rotten leaf,
When humidity is excessive, it to be aerated wet down；
8) temperature management: temperature management is that the preference temperature of the growth of pakchoi is 18~20 DEG C, the growth temperature of heat resistant variety
It also should not be for a long time more than 30 DEG C；When warm room temperature is not higher than 30 DEG C, based on aeration-cooling；When outdoor temperature is higher than 30
DEG C when, simultaneously above greenhouse cover sunshade net cool down；It, be simultaneously outside greenhouse when warm room temperature is higher than 35 DEG C
Spraying cooling is carried out to greenhouse；
10) insect prevention: since the plantation of bed soil avoids the harm of weeds, insect prevention becomes groundwork；By greenhouse before Chinese little greens plantation
With the thorough sterilization and disinfestation of medicament and worm's ovum after closed；The position that greenhouse is in communication with the outside during plantation with fly net carry out every
From a certain number of yellow plates of warm indoor location are trapped and killed；
11) it harvests；It can be harvested when vegetable seedling grows third blade；Due to there is no weeds sundries, growing way uniform one in vegetable seedling
It causes, directly neatly can cut receipts along the Pan Kou of seedling disk.
2. the method for high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: selection kind is green
Fu Ling, beautiful, magnificent hat or heat resistanceheat resistant 605.
3. the method for high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: phosphate fertilizer P2O5,
Potash fertilizer is K2O4。
4. the method for high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: seeding apparatus by
Two sowing structure compositions of A plate and B plate, the A structure can be placed in B structure, and can be moved in B structure；It is described
The middle part of A structure be sowing region, the front and rear sides for sowing region are respectively that seed accommodates pond, and one end of A structure is to extension
It stretches, forms handle；The cross section in the sowing region of A structure is waveform, in wavy trough bottom end equipped with several sowings
Hole when the A structure is placed in B structure, corresponds at the position of A plate planting hole in B structure and was equipped with kind of a hole, described
Cross kind of hole and planting hole corresponds, and deviate half of pitch-row to side than planting hole, to realize that A structure is pushed into B structure
When bottom, planting hole is covered by the non-porous position of B structure, when extracting half of pitch-row out outward, is sowed hole site and is crossed kind of a hole site
Overlapping.
5. the method for high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: when balance in order to
Seedling disk, can be placed on the shelf of multilayer, three-dimensional planting by the space utilization rate for improving greenhouse；It will there are enough between two layers
Space, to guarantee sufficient illumination.
6. the method for high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: temperature management is
The preference temperature of the growth of pakchoi is 18~20 DEG C, and the growth temperature of heat resistant variety also should not be for a long time more than 30 DEG C；Work as temperature
When room temperature is not higher than 30 DEG C, based on aeration-cooling；When outdoor temperature is higher than 30 DEG C, to be covered above greenhouse simultaneously
Sunshade net cools down；When warm room temperature is higher than 35 DEG C, spraying cooling is carried out to greenhouse outside greenhouse simultaneously.
7. the method for high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: seedling disk can be removed
Comfortable interior is moved to, suitable height is placed in and is harvested.
8. the method for high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the bed after harvesting
Soil carries out nutritional supplementation, adjustment pH value, after disinfection and sterilization, carry out again using.
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Application publication date: 20190212 |