CN106718713A - Using the method for the discarded Soilless culture Chinese little greens of fruit vegetables - Google Patents
Using the method for the discarded Soilless culture Chinese little greens of fruit vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN106718713A CN106718713A CN201610992594.8A CN201610992594A CN106718713A CN 106718713 A CN106718713 A CN 106718713A CN 201610992594 A CN201610992594 A CN 201610992594A CN 106718713 A CN106718713 A CN 106718713A
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- rock wool
- chinese little
- little greens
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- greenhouse
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/18—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing inorganic fibres, e.g. mineral wool
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of the discarded Soilless culture Chinese little greens of use fruit vegetables, it includes step：1) using the discarded rock wool of fruit vegetables as Chinese little greens cultivation matrix, every square metre is broadcasted sowing the 4g of Chinese little greens seed 3 after irrigating and drenching completely, and carrying out irrigation again afterwards makes rock wool and the surface of the seed drenched；2) after planting until harvesting advance between-line spacing is irrigated, it is ensured that before Chinese little greens is emerged and growth course has the moisture and nutrient of abundance, first Chinese little greens reaches harvesting and requires after 18~22 days.Methods described cultivates Chinese little greens again using the discarded rock wool of fruit vegetables as matrix, make full use of the nutrient in discarded rock wool, waste can not only be reduced, harmless treatment has been carried out to discarded rock wool, and facility cultivation can be carried out to Chinese little greens in greenhouse, effectively prevent insect pest, avoid boisterous influence, without spraying any agricultural chemicals during whole cultivation, the Chinese little greens for cultivating is totally safe, and yield and quality is higher.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to one kind is using the discarded Soilless culture chicken of fruit vegetables
The method of hair dish.
Background technology
Rock wool has good gas permeability and water-retaining property, is refined by 1600 DEG C of high temperature, aseptic, pollution-free, is Europe
The matrix of main soilless culture.Soilless culture technology progressively grows up in China in recent years, especially in fruit vegetables (such as
Tomato, cucumber, eggplant, capsicum etc.) cultivation in because its water-retaining property, good permeability, it is convenient carry, the features such as validity period is long,
And be widely used.The time limit that uses of usual fruit vegetables Soilless culture is 1 year, the rock wool that cultivation all can more renew after a year, and
Discarded rock wool still contains more nutrient (fertilizer), if directly abandon in the environment can be tight for these a large amount of discarded rock wools
Heavily contaminated environment, while being also very big waste.
Chinese little greens also known as green vegetables, pakchoi, are the mutation of brassicaceous vegetable Chinese cabbage, be containing vitamin and mineral matter most
One of abundant vegetables, and Chinese little greens is the tender seedling of pakchoi, and mouthfeel and quality are more tender, fragrant taste, are popular special
A kind of vegetables do not liked.Chicken feather dish happiness cool, and more low temperature resistant and high temperature, almost can all plant throughout the year, list.But
China's summer and autumn most area diastrous weather is more, especially the coastal region in east China, such as Shanghai, and height often occurs in summer
Warm heavy rain even violent typhoon weather, soil cultivation Chinese little greens is extremely difficult, and insect pest is also more serious and clean vegetables rate is relatively low, causes to produce
Amount is not enough, and supply falls short of demand in the market, and the phenomenon of Chinese little greens selling at exorbitant prices often occurs.Although Chinese little greens easily by bad weather with
And the influence of insect pest, but to cultivation condition, such as high unlike fruit vegetables, the fruit vegetables of requirement such as cultivating facility, matrix, liquid manure
Nutrient in used discarded rock wool to meet the growth needs of Chinese little greens, but can not use waste gas rock completely in the prior art
Cotton cultivates the scheme of Chinese little greens.
The content of the invention
The present invention directly abandons pollution environment, summer and autumn soil cultivation chicken feather for the discarded rock wool of fruit vegetables in the prior art
Cabbageworm evil is more and the technical problem that yields poorly, it is therefore intended that provide a kind of repeatable can avoid worm using discarded rock wool, summer and autumn
The method of evil and the discarded Soilless culture Chinese little greens of yield use fruit vegetables high.
Methods described, to cultivation condition less demanding this feature of such as cultivating facility, matrix, liquid manure etc., is used using Chinese little greens
The discarded rock wool of fruit vegetables provides nutrient to Chinese little greens, can not only improve the yield and quality of Chinese little greens, and effectively profit
Discarded rock wool is used, harmless treatment has been carried out to discarded rock wool, it is to avoid waste and reduce environmental pollution.
Methods described includes step：
It includes step：
1) using the discarded rock wool of fruit vegetables as Chinese little greens cultivation matrix, every square metre is broadcasted sowing after irrigating and drenching completely
Chinese little greens seed 3-4g, carrying out irrigation again afterwards makes rock wool and the surface of the seed drenched；
2) after planting until harvesting advance between-line spacing is irrigated, it is ensured that before Chinese little greens is emerged and growth course has the water of abundance
Divide and nutrient, first Chinese little greens reaches harvesting and requires after 18~22 days.
Wherein, the application rate of Chinese little greens seed can be adjusted according to thermal climate, such as, summer and autumn temperature is higher
When, seeding ratio is relatively low, can suitably increase application rate, and preferably every square metre is broadcasted sowing Chinese little greens seed 4g.
Preferably, step 1) and 2) be provided with cultivation bed and sprinkling irrigation equipment greenhouse in carry out, the fruit vegetables give up
It is to cultivate the rock wool of tomato, cucumber, eggplant or capsicum and be laid on cultivation bed to abandon rock wool.Rock wool can be original in greenhouse
, being used on the spot with this, after tomato, cucumber, eggplant or capsicum have harvested, rock wool only needs simply to lay again or even only needs letter
Single cleaning can carry out the cultivation of Chinese little greens, greatly reduce the carrying work of rock wool, and follow-up irrigation and management also more facilitate.
Preferably, by tide irrigation or spraying pouring with sprinkling irrigation equipment makes rock wool completely drenched before sowing；After planting,
Cultivation bed discharge outlet is blocked, makes rock wool and the surface of the seed drenched by spraying pouring, bled off after 2-3 hour and cultivate unnecessary in bed
Water.
Preferably, step 2) in, described interval is irrigated and is：Before emerging, every morning sprays pouring 1-2 times to rock wool,
Pouring every time makes rock wool surface drench for 2-3 minutes, can emerge within general 2 days；First 5 days after emerging, pouring 1 is sprayed every morning
Secondary, pouring makes rock wool surface drench for 2-3 minutes；After emerging 10 days to before harvesting, carry out tide irrigation or spray pouring 2 times,
Irrigating every time irrigates 3-5 minutes whole rock wool, fully water suction.
Preferably, after the harvesting of first Chinese little greens, the residual leaf of undesirable root on cleaning rock wool, according to step 1) and 2) again many batches
It is secondary to repeat cultivation Chinese little greens.
Preferably, the nutrient started in rock wool is relatively high, so first is irrigated using clear water, from second
The pH for crowd beginning to use new preparation is 5.5-6.0, electrical conductivity (EC) is 1.2-1.8dsm-1Nutrient solution irrigated, with this
Supplement nutrient ensures the quality and yield of each batch Chinese little greens；The nutrient solution as it is isometric containing table 1 shown in component mother
Liquid A and mother liquor B are mixed after being diluted in proportion with water respectively.
The formula of the mother liquor A of table 1 and mother liquor B
Dilution ratio is automatically controlled by computer according to conductivity value, and pH value automatically controls addition hydrochloric acid and hydroxide by computer
Sodium is adjusted.
Certainly, according to the growing state of Chinese little greens, the battalion of new configuration also can be used when first last time is irrigated
Nutrient solution.
Preferably, in every batch of cultivation, before sowing using 0.3% defend can or 0.3% calcium hypochlorite greenhouse is entered
Row is disinfected, and ensures cultivation bed cleaning；After planting to before emerging, the sunshade net in greenhouse is opened, shaded with this and lower the temperature and protect
There is a good ventilation in card greenhouse, controls greenhouse temperature≤35 DEG C, it is to avoid plant it is excessive be subjected to high temperature stress；In Chinese little greens growth
During phase, using fly net and yellow plate control greenhouse insect pest, strict control greenhouse personnel turnover simultaneously closes greenhouse gate in time, with
This prevents various insects from entering greenhouse.
Preferably, noting the aqueous situation of observation rock cotton sliver after emerging, irrigate keep the skin wet or nutrient solution in time, especially
It is that Greenhouse in summer temperature is high, water evaporation quantity is big, it should be noted that prevent Chinese little greens because physiological is wilted caused by water shortage.
For the lay of rock wool, can be adjusted according to greenhouse irrigation conditions, rock wool is usually lath-shaped, if possessing tide filling
Condition is irrigate, the space of 3-5cm can be reserved between rock cotton sliver；If sprinkling irrigation spray, rock wool will fully be drenched, between rock cotton sliver
Can be close to lay.
The Chinese little greens can be all suitable cultivation type kind " the new summer is blue or green No. 5 " in facility, land.
Positive effect of the invention：Methods described repeats cultivation chicken feather using the discarded rock wool of fruit vegetables as matrix
Dish, makes full use of the nutrient in discarded rock wool, can not only reduce the waste of nutrient in rock wool, and innoxious place has been carried out to rock wool
Reason, reduces the influence to environment, and can carry out facility cultivation to Chinese little greens in greenhouse, effectively prevents insect pest, avoids badly
The influence of weather, without spraying any agricultural chemicals during whole cultivation, the clean safety of the Chinese little greens for cultivating, yield and quality compared with
Height, is especially suitable for summer and autumn cultivation Chinese little greens.Methods described can be carried out in fruit vegetables cultivation greenhouse, cost easy to operate
Low, planting time is short, as long as summer and autumn cultivation is from harvesting 20 days or so is seeded into, yield reaches 1kgm-2, the summer can be greatly enriched
The Chinese little greens supply in autumn.
Specific embodiment
The experiment in cultivation of the Chinese little greens of embodiment 1
Place：Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai City country Environment Controlled Agricultural Facility center Chongming base glasshouse.
Chinese little greens kind is：Magnificent king, green grass or young crops of new summer No. 3, new summer are blue or green No. 5 (being provided by Shanghai Keyuan Seed Co., Ltd.).
1st, first
Sowing：The discarded rock cotton sliver for cultivating tomato by 324 is uniformly laid in 9 upper (each cultivations of experimental cultivations bed
36 rock cotton slivers of bed), each cultivation bed 10m2, treatment is carried out disinfection to greenhouse after 2015 8 using 0.3% calcium hypochlorite
12 morning of the moon cultivates bed tide irrigations one time 4 minutes by all, allows all rock cotton slivers fully to absorb water, afterwards to 9 cultivation beds
Sowed, magnificent king, green grass or young crops of new summer No. 3, each sowing 3 of blue or green No. 5 of new summer cultivation beds, each is cultivated bed and sows 40g seeds respectively；Broadcast
Cultivation bed discharge outlet is blocked after kind, is sprayed water 2 times with sprayer, each cultivation bed is sprayed water 3 minutes every time, made rock cotton sliver and plant sublist
Face drenches, and is bled off after 2-3 hour and cultivates unnecessary water in bed.
After planting irrigation management：Before emerging, pouring 1-2 times is sprayed every morning to rock wool, pour makes rock in 2-3 minutes every time
Cotton surface drenches, and emerges two days later；First 5 days after emerging, every morning, spray clear water 1 time, sprayed 2-3 minutes, made rock wool surface
It is drenched；The 12nd day and the 17th day difference tide irrigation clear water once, are every time irrigated after emerging irrigates 3-5 minutes whole rock wool,
Fully water suction.
Harvesting：Harvested within -2 days on the 1st in September in 2015, weighed clean vegetables weight.
2nd, second batch
After first Chinese little greens has been harvested, the residual leaf of undesirable root on cleaning rock wool, the calcium hypochlorite using 0.3% enters to greenhouse
Row is disinfected.
Then according to first sowing and irrigate step, second batch sowing cultivation is carried out within 17th in September in 2015, with new
The pH of preparation is that 5.8, EC is 1.5dsm-1Nutrient solution irrigated, nutrient solution as it is isometric containing table 1 shown in component
Mother liquor A and mother liquor B are mixed after equal proportion dilutes respectively, and dilution ratio is automatically controlled by computer according to conductivity value, pH value
Addition hydrochloric acid is automatically controlled by computer and NaOH is adjusted.
Harvested in the 6-8 of in October, 2015 days.
3rd, interpretation of result
The clean vegetables yield of 2 liang of batch Chinese little greenses of table
From table 2 it can be seen that the yield of No. 5 two batches of new summer green grass or young crops is higher, average product has exceeded 1kgm-2, especially
It is with the obvious advantage compared to magnificent king, blue or green No. 3 of new summer during first summer high temperature.In the September part that temperature decreases, magnificent king, new summer
The blue or green No. 3 second batch yield blue or green No. 5 with the new summer substantially increases.And the same period in land or simple plastic greenhouse when planting Chinese little greens,
Yield is no more than 0.8kgm-2If coastal area runs into the diastrous weathers such as typhoon, heavy rain, or even total crop failure phenomenon occurs.
It can be seen that the Chinese little greens clean vegetables yield of cultural method of the invention is higher and more secure.
In addition, cultivating the discarded rock wool of tomato before Chinese little greens is cultivated, the electrical conductivity for holding moisture content is 4-6dsm-1, containing more nutrient, directly abandon and not only waste, while high content of salt also pollutes environment.And after cultivating a Chinese little greens
The electrical conductivity for holding the moisture for containing can be reduced to 1.0dsm-1Left and right, not only takes full advantage of the nutrient in waste gas rock wool, effectively drop
The low influence to environment, and the process of cultivation Chinese little greens is simple, and whole process also avoids land from cultivating mud without spraying pesticide
Problem more than soil, clean vegetables rate is greatly improved, and the Chinese little greens of harvesting is clean and in good taste.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method that use fruit vegetables discards Soilless culture Chinese little greens, it is characterised in that it includes step：
1) using the discarded rock wool of fruit vegetables as Chinese little greens cultivation matrix, every square metre is broadcasted sowing chicken feather after irrigating and drenching completely
The sub- 3-4g of colza, carrying out irrigation again afterwards makes rock wool and the surface of the seed drenched；
2) after planting until harvesting advance between-line spacing is irrigated, it is ensured that before Chinese little greens is emerged and growth course have abundance moisture and
Nutrient, first Chinese little greens reaches harvesting and requires after 18~22 days.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that every square metre is broadcasted sowing Chinese little greens seed 4g.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that step 1) and 2) it is being provided with cultivation bed and sprinkling irrigation equipment
Carried out in greenhouse, the discarded rock wool of the fruit vegetables is to cultivate the rock wool of tomato, cucumber, eggplant or capsicum and be laid in cultivation
On training bed.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that step 1) in, by tide irrigation or with spraying before sowing
Equipment sprays pouring makes rock wool drench completely；After planting, cultivation bed discharge outlet is blocked, rock wool and kind sublist is made by spraying pouring
Face drenches, and is bled off after 2-3 hour and cultivates unnecessary water in bed.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that step 2) in, described interval is irrigated and is：Before emerging, daily
Spray pouring 1-2 times morning to rock wool, pour makes rock wool surface drench for 2-3 minutes every time；First 5 days after emerging, spray every morning
Pouring 1 time is applied, pouring makes rock wool surface drench for 2-3 minutes；After emerging 10 days to before harvesting, carry out tide irrigation or spray to pour
Fill 2 times, irrigate irrigates 3-5 minutes whole rock wool every time, fully water suction.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：After the harvesting of first Chinese little greens, the undesirable root on cleaning rock wool
Residual leaf, according to step 1) and 2) again it is multiple batches of repeat cultivation Chinese little greens.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：First is irrigated using clear water, is made since second batch
It is that 5.5-6.0, electrical conductivity are 1.2-1.8dsm with the new pH for preparing-1Nutrient solution irrigated；The nutrient solution is by waiting body
The long-pending mother liquor A containing following component and mother liquor B are mixed after being diluted in proportion with water respectively,
Wherein, dilution ratio is automatically controlled by computer according to conductivity value, and pH value automatically controls addition hydrochloric acid and hydrogen-oxygen by computer
Change sodium regulation.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：The battalion of new configuration is used when first last time is irrigated
Nutrient solution.
9. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：0.3% Wei Kehuo is used in every batch of cultivation, before sowing
0.3% calcium hypochlorite carries out disinfection treatment to greenhouse, and ensures cultivation bed cleaning；After planting to before emerging, greenhouse is opened
Sunshade net, is shaded with this and lowers the temperature and ensure that there is good ventilation in greenhouse, controls greenhouse temperature≤35 DEG C；In the Chinese little greens phase in growth period
Between, using fly net and yellow plate control greenhouse insect pest, strict control greenhouse personnel turnover simultaneously closes greenhouse gate in time, anti-with this
Only various insects enter greenhouse.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610992594.8A CN106718713A (en) | 2016-11-11 | 2016-11-11 | Using the method for the discarded Soilless culture Chinese little greens of fruit vegetables |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610992594.8A CN106718713A (en) | 2016-11-11 | 2016-11-11 | Using the method for the discarded Soilless culture Chinese little greens of fruit vegetables |
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| CN106718713A true CN106718713A (en) | 2017-05-31 |
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| CN201610992594.8A Pending CN106718713A (en) | 2016-11-11 | 2016-11-11 | Using the method for the discarded Soilless culture Chinese little greens of fruit vegetables |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107182763A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-09-22 | 卒子科技（深圳）有限公司 | Shoot vegetable planting method |
| CN109315243A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-02-12 | 镇江金花农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of method of high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens |
| CN109566370A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-04-05 | 关家祥 | A kind of implantation methods for cultivating tomato seedling using rock wool |
| CN110506620A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-11-29 | 上海都市绿色工程有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse vegetable rock wool recycling method based on crop rotation |
| CN114982615A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-02 | 上海市农业科学院 | Cultivation method for improving quality of modern greenhouse cucumbers |
-
2016
- 2016-11-11 CN CN201610992594.8A patent/CN106718713A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 丁小涛 等: "岩棉栽培青菜潮汐灌溉技术", 《中国瓜菜》 * |
| 宋明 等: "《观赏蔬菜生产技术》", 31 August 2004, 四川出版集团 四川科学技术出版社 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107182763A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-09-22 | 卒子科技（深圳）有限公司 | Shoot vegetable planting method |
| CN109315243A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-02-12 | 镇江金花农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of method of high temperature season industrialized cultivation Chinese little greens |
| CN109566370A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-04-05 | 关家祥 | A kind of implantation methods for cultivating tomato seedling using rock wool |
| CN110506620A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-11-29 | 上海都市绿色工程有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse vegetable rock wool recycling method based on crop rotation |
| CN114982615A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-02 | 上海市农业科学院 | Cultivation method for improving quality of modern greenhouse cucumbers |
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