CN109263436B - 停车采暖*** - Google Patents

停车采暖*** Download PDF

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CN109263436B
CN109263436B CN201810775481.1A CN201810775481A CN109263436B CN 109263436 B CN109263436 B CN 109263436B CN 201810775481 A CN201810775481 A CN 201810775481A CN 109263436 B CN109263436 B CN 109263436B
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motor vehicle
heating system
electric machine
parking heating
vehicle
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CN109263436A (zh
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M·哈特曼
N·朔贝斯
M·哈玛姆
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/04Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant from cooling liquid of the plant
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/14Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
    • B60H1/143Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/00392Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/004Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for vehicles having a combustion engine and electric drive means, e.g. hybrid electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2203Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from burners
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2218Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters controlling the operation of electric heaters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/60Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
    • H02P29/62Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive for raising the temperature of the motor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/60Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
    • H02P29/64Controlling or determining the temperature of the winding
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/60Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
    • H02P29/68Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive based on the temperature of a drive component or a semiconductor component
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H2001/00307Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2228Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant controlling the operation of heaters
    • B60H2001/2234Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant controlling the operation of heaters when vehicle is parked, preheating

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  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于由电机驱动的机动车的停车采暖***和一种用于在具有电驱动系的机动车中实现停车采暖功能的方法。

Description

停车采暖***
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于由电机驱动的机动车的停车采暖***和一种用于在具有电动力传动系的机动车中实现停车采暖功能的方法。
背景技术
停车采暖***的功能被作为特殊装备用于具有内燃机的机动车。为了实现该功能,例如在特意为此安装的硬件中燃烧燃料,且利用产生的热量加热车辆的内燃机和内部空间。但所需的附加的硬件导致更高成本、更高重量和结构空间需求。
已经针对传统的停车采暖***提出了各种能够应用于电动车辆或混合动力车辆中的备选方案。
由文献DE 10 2014 112 201 A1已知了一种用于控制废热管理的方法和装置。在此使用混合动力车辆的电子部件产生的废热来进行混合动力车辆的停车采暖。
文献DE 10 2009 028 330 A1公开了一种用于对车辆内部空间调温的方法和装置,其中通过用于给混合动力车辆的车辆电池充电的充电器的废热或车辆电池的废热来加热内部空间。
文献EP 2 556 983 A1涉及一种用于借助于能量回收***给蓄能器充电的方法以及一种用于电动车辆或混合动力车辆的驱动单元。借助于能量回收再生的电能的一部分被转化为用于停车采暖的有效热量。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于,为具有电动力传动系的机动车提供一种备选的停车采暖***,对此不需要额外的加热部件,例如燃烧器或加热电阻。
该任务的解决方案是,由电机承担停车采暖功能。在具有电动力传动系的机动车中安装有功率足够强大的电机且原本就与冷却水***连接。根据本发明,在电机与常规运行不同地运行时,使损耗功率最大化且产生的转矩最小化。
本发明的主题是一种用于具有电动力传动系的机动车的停车采暖***。该停车采暖***包括至少一个电机、损耗功率观察器和损耗功率调节器,所述电机连接至机动车的冷却剂回路,所述损耗功率观察器被布置用于确定电机的损耗功率的实际值PVIst,所述损耗功率调节器被布置用于将电机的损耗功率PV向目标值PVSoll调节。在一种实施方式中,在损耗功率观察器中在使用电机参数和输出级参数的情况下通过基于模型的方法确定实际值PVIst,在此可以使用所测得的或估计的在电机的逆变器和/或定子中的温度、在冷却剂回路中的体积流量和所测得的调节装置的电流。
在一种实施方案中,损耗功率观察器因而为此被布置成对电机和输出级的参数和/或对在电机的脉冲逆变器(Inverter)和/或定子中所测得的或估计的温度和/或对在冷却剂回路中的体积流量和/或对在由损耗功率调节器调节的电路中测得的电流进行处理。
在一种实施方式中,停车采暖***还包括查找表、面向磁场的驱动调节装置、调制单元和输出级。在一种实施方式中通过调制单元和在其后连接的输出级的查找表这样规定电流,使得与损耗功率调节器的起始值相适应地产生最大损耗。
在一种实施方式中,机动车是电池供电的纯电动车辆(BEV)。在另一种实施方式中,该机动车具有至少一个内燃机。在其他实施方式中机动车是插电式混合动力车辆(PHEV)、混合动力电动车辆(HEV)或轻度混合动力电动车辆(MHEV)。在一种实施方式中根据本发明的停车采暖***连接在机动车的内燃机的冷却剂回路上。
本发明的主题还包括一种用于加热具有电动力传动系的机动车的冷却剂回路中的冷却剂的方法,该动力传动系包括至少一个电机,该电机连接在冷却剂回路上。该方法包括在如下运行点上运行至少一个电机,在该运行点时电机的损耗功率最大化且电机的产生的转矩最小化。由此产生的热量通过冷却剂回路输出且加热冷却剂。
在该方法的一种实施方式中,被加热的冷却剂被用于加热机动车的客厢。在该方法的另一种实施方式中,被加热的冷却剂被用于对机动车的内燃机预热。在一种实施方式中,被加热的冷却剂既被用于加热客厢、又被用于预热内燃机。
根据本发明的方法的特征在于,利用驱动装置(电机和逆变器)通过电损耗的最大化来加热车辆,其中不会产生所不期望的额外转矩,无需额外的加热部件(例如加热电阻)且加热功能能够在停车运行或在行驶运行中实现。
本发明使用了机动车中现有的具有逆变器的电机,该电机原本就通常与冷却回路连接。在与在行驶时的常规运行不同地运行该电机时,使损耗最大化且所导致的转矩最小化。通过由驱动装置(电机和逆变器)将电能转换为热能来加热车辆和/或客厢。
电机为了实现停车采暖功能在具有最大或可规定的损耗的非常规的运行点上运行。在此通过所述脉冲逆变器(Inverter逆变器)影响电机线圈中的电流,这通过线圈中的欧姆损耗和脉冲逆变器中的开关和导通损耗造成所期望的加热。热量通过冷却剂回路被输出且可以加热内燃机以及同时加热客厢。电驱动装置的冷却***可以输出电驱动装置的额定功率的大约10%。
本发明优点包括,节省了用于停车采暖功能的成本、重量、结构空间。同时安装率可以从百分之几升高至100%,因为不需要额外硬件。因此可以根据需要在车辆系列的所有车型中都提供停车采暖功能(“Function on demand”(按需功能))。
停车采暖***使得能够在所有车辆中都对客厢进行空气预调节/处理,这增加了舒适性且即使在低温下也通过清晰视野获得安全性。在霜冻时不需要从玻璃上刮掉冰,这额外节省了时间。
在具有内燃机的车辆中可以利用停车采暖***对内燃机进行预调节。由于避免了冷启动,也增加内燃机的使用寿命。通过对内燃机的预热降低了燃料消耗且相对于冷启动减小了排放。
当然,上面所述和下面待说明的特征不仅能够在相应给出的组合中、而且能够在其他组合中或单独使用,而不脱离本发明范围。
附图说明
本发明借助附图中的实施方式示意性示出且参照附图进一步说明。附图示出:
图1示出混合动力车辆的驱动***的示例性实施方式的示意图;
图2示出根据本发明的停车采暖***的实施方式的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性示出了具有内燃机11和电机12的混合动力车辆的驱动***10的实施方式,该内燃机和电机通过皮带传动装置13连接且连接在公共的冷却剂回路14上。空调控制器15和冷却水泵16也连接在皮带传动装置13上。电机12通过逆变器17连接在电池18上。通过充电装置19还可以实现从外部的能量输入20。电机12可以被用于加热冷却剂回路14中的冷却剂且加热内燃机11和客厢。
图2示出了停车采暖***21的示例性实施方案。在此,通过调节单元23将电机22的损耗功率PV调节至所期望的目标值PVSoll。在电机22中产生的损耗功率将冷却剂回路29中的冷却剂,从流入温度TZulauf加热至回流温度TRücklauf。在损耗功率观察器28中在使用电机参数和输出级参数31的情况下通过基于模型的方法确定实际值PVIst,在此可以使用所测得的或估计的
-在定子和/或脉冲逆变器中的温度32,
-在冷却剂流中的体积流量33和
-所测得的调节装置的电流34。
通过查找表24这样规定调制单元26和在其后连接的输出级27的电流,使得与损耗功率调节器23的起始值相适应地产生最大损耗。这可以例如通过正或负的d-电流(以无转矩贡献地形成磁通的方式)实现。这通过传统的面向磁场的驱动调节装置(PI-电流调节器25)来调节。
该实施方式具有的优点是,停车采暖的功能还能够在行驶运行中得到保持。所示出的具体的实施方案描述了可行的实施变型。根据本发明还可以选择其他用于规定目标电流的结构。
附图标记列表
10 驱动***
11 内燃机
12 电机
13 皮带传动装置
14 冷却剂回路
15 空调控制器
16 冷却水泵
17 逆变器
18 电池
19 充电装置
20 能量输入
21 停车采暖***
22 电机
23 损耗功率调节器
24 查找表(LuT)
25 PI电流调节器
26 调制单元
27 输出级
28 损耗功率观察器
29 冷却剂回路
31 电机和输出级参数
32 在定子和/或脉冲逆变器中的温度
33 冷却剂流中的体积流量
34 所测得的调节电流
TZulauf 流入温度
TRücklauf 回流温度
PVSoll 损耗功率目标值
PVIst 损耗功率实际值

Claims (10)

1.一种用于具有电动力传动系的机动车的停车采暖***(21),其包括至少一个电机(22)、损耗功率观察器(28)、损耗功率调节器(23)和输出级(27),所述电机连接在机动车的冷却剂回路(29)上,所述损耗功率观察器被布置用于确定电机(22)的损耗功率的实际值(PVIst),所述损耗功率调节器被布置用于将电机(22)的损耗功率(PV)向目标值(PVSoll)调节,
其中,损耗功率观察器(28)被布置成对以下参数中的一项或多项进行处理:电机(22)的和输出级(27)的参数(31)、在电机(22)的脉冲逆变器和/或定子中所测得的或估计的温度(32)、在冷却剂回路(29)中的体积流量(33)、在由损耗功率调节器(23)调节的电路中测得的电流(34)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的停车采暖***(21),还包括查找表(24)、面向磁场的驱动调节装置(25)、调制单元(26)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的停车采暖***(21),其特征在于,所述机动车是纯电动车辆(BEV)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的停车采暖***(21),其特征在于,所述机动车具有至少一个内燃机(11)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的停车采暖***(21),其特征在于,所述机动车是混合动力电动车辆(HEV)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的停车采暖***(21),其特征在于,所述混合动力电动车辆(HEV)是插电式混合动力车辆(PHEV)或轻度混合动力电动车辆(MHEV)。
7.根据权利要求4所述的停车采暖***(21),其特征在于,该停车采暖***连接在机动车的内燃机(11)的冷却剂回路(14)上。
8.一种用于运行具有电动力传动系的机动车的、根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的停车采暖***的方法,该停车采暖***包括至少一个电机(22),该至少一个电机连接在机动车的冷却剂回路(29)上,该方法包括在如下运行点运行电机(22),在该运行点时电机(22)的损耗功率最大化且电机(22)产生的转矩最小化,由此产生的热量通过冷却剂回路(29)被排出。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,将被加热的冷却剂用于加热机动车的客厢。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的方法,其特征在于,将被加热的冷却剂用于对机动车的内燃机(11)预热。
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