CN109226218A - The application of gymnema sylvestre in the repair of heavy metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
The application of gymnema sylvestre in the repair of heavy metal contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109226218A CN109226218A CN201811176771.0A CN201811176771A CN109226218A CN 109226218 A CN109226218 A CN 109226218A CN 201811176771 A CN201811176771 A CN 201811176771A CN 109226218 A CN109226218 A CN 109226218A
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- gymnema sylvestre
- heavy metal
- cadmium
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 241000208253 Gymnema sylvestre Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000345998 Calamus manan Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012950 rattan cane Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011950 custard Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 34
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 29
- 231100000704 bioconcentration Toxicity 0.000 description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000036142 Viral infection Diseases 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NICDRCVJGXLKSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;trihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O NICDRCVJGXLKSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001503987 Clematis vitalba Species 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001417490 Sillaginidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010074506 Transfer Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000693 bioaccumulation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses gymnema sylvestres to administer and the application of restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, the present invention smelt area from heavy metal and acquire naturally wild gymnema sylvestre plant sample, analyzes its characteristic of accumulation to heavy metal lead, cadmium and tin；The result shows that, gymnema sylvestre has patience and characteristic of accumulation to heavy metal lead, cadmium and tin simultaneously: gymnema sylvestre of the invention can be used as the soil pollution renovation agent of heavy metal lead, cadmium and tin, the invention discloses a kind of methods of remediating heavy metal soil pollution simultaneously, carry out soil remediation using gymnema sylvestre plant: 1) mixing the gymnema sylvestre vegetable seeds thoroughly and broadcast sowing or by its sprigging in heavy-metal contaminated soil；2) aerial part of toothing harvesting plant is carried out to the gymnema sylvestre of plantation, or after the certain time limit of plantation, whole plant is recycled, then is sowed or cuttage seedling, and gymnema sylvestre is utilized to reduce Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils content.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental protection technical field, it is specifically related to gymnema sylvestre answering in the repair of heavy metal contaminated soil
With.
Background technique
Soil is valuable source for the survival of mankind, with manner of breathing the problems such as the grain of facing mankind, resource and environment
It closes.Heavy metal element is concentrated in the soil causes soil pollution to a certain extent, influences ecological environment and the agricultural production of soil
Function is detrimental to health.Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn) pollution are common heavy metal pollution of soil.World's Pb in Soil is flat
Equal background value is in 15~25mg kg-1, Cadmium in Soil average background value is in 0.01~0.7mg kg-1, soil tin average background value is
2.6mg kg-1。
Phytoremediation technology is repaired by plant absorption, phytovolatilization and plant stability.Plant absorption is
One or more heavy metals are drawn from soil using hyperaccumulative plant root system, and shifted, be stored to overground part, and receipts are passed through
It cuts to remove heavy metal in soil.Phytovolatilization, which refers to, makes soil using some particular matters of plant root exudation or microorganism
Se, Hg, As etc. in earth are converted into volatilization form to remove a kind of method of its pollution.Plant stability, which refers to, utilizes root system of plant
The process of fixing soil heavy metal.Heavy metal is by root system absorption and accumulation or is adsorbed on root system surface, can also be secreted by root system
Object is fixed in rhizosphere, heavy metal pollution of the technology especially suitable for soil.Pass through plantation super enriching plant or some right
Heavy metal resistance is strong, absorbs accumulation ability and the big tolerant plant of biomass gradually extracts nocuousness member in soil with certain
Element reaches stable waste residue, controls the purpose of the migration of heavy metal, it is important to find suitable hyperaccumulative plant.
The enrichment of hyperaccumulative plant and resistance characteristics have the local environment outside the Pass, being also subject in addition to the detoxication mechanisms with itself
Effect, long term growth the serious region of heavy metal pollution plant, due to the toxic action of the heavy metal of high concentration so that
Plant is forced to adapt to, and forms new physiological detoxication mechanism in vivo, and the variation of related adaptability, warp also occur for external ecosystem characterization
Cross selecting for a long time for environment, some pairs of heavy metals can be formed with patience, do not poisoned by it or can on the ground part it is highly concentrated
Spend the special plant of enriching heavy metal.
Gymnema sylvestre (Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult.), woody climber, stem skin taupe have hole skin, children
Branch is glabrous by microtriche.Leaf obovate or ovate oblong.It is born in hillside, in bushes.It is distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, platform
The ground such as gulf, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan.Gymnema sylvestre is used frequently as Chinese medicine, is not yet had been reported that for remediating heavy metal soil
Earth pollution.
Summary of the invention
It provides gymnema sylvestre it is an object of the invention to overcome the above problem and is repaired in heavy metal lead, cadmium and tin pollution soil
Application in multiple and to soil pollution by heavy metal restorative procedure.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that a kind of gymnema sylvestre in the repair of heavy metal contaminated soil
Application.
The present invention uses the matrix of growth for the gymnema sylvestre of black smelting slag, and it is significant to mainly contain bio-toxicity in waste residue
Heavy metal contaminants, this plant such as cadmium, chromium, lead and metalloid arsenic, and the virose zinc of tool, copper, nickel, tin it is not incumbent out
What is poisoned phenomenon, grows fine, and biomass is larger, is distributed in flakes on slagheap.In heavy metal smelting area, in survey area
Wild plant species, filtered out after literature survey may to heavy metal lead, cadmium and tin have enrichment effect plant, point
Not Cai Ji selected plant species aerial part and under ground portion and the matrix grown, analyze its to heavy metal lead, cadmium and
The concentration effect and patience of tin.Selected plant should have certain biomass, grow fine, and not occur by heavy metal lead, cadmium
The character poisoned with tin, gymnema sylvestre meet such require.Gymnema sylvestre has patience and accumulation to heavy metal lead, cadmium and tin simultaneously
Characteristic, the lead content of gymnema sylvestre aerial part are 140.8 ± 2.9mg kg-1, under ground portion lead content is 31.4 ± 1.8mg kg-1, the content of lead is 1272 ± 65mg kg in growth substrate-1, corresponding its concentration coefficient BAF is 0.11, transports coefficient T F
It is 4.49, the enrichment factor BCF of root is 0.02, shows that gymnema sylvestre has certain concentration effect to lead；In addition, gymnema sylvestre
The cadmium content of upper part is 8.58 ± 0.19mg kg-1, the cadmium content of under ground portion is 3.21 ± 0.14mg kg-1, growth substrate
In cadmium content be 27.8 ± 4.2mg kg-1, BAF, TF, BCF are respectively 0.31,2.68 and 0.12, are also had to cadmium certain
Concentration effect；Finally, the Theil indices of gymnema sylvestre aerial part are 12.1 ± 2.7mg kg-1, the Theil indices of under ground portion are
3.09±0.40mg kg-1, the Theil indices in growth substrate are 443 ± 71mg kg-1, BAF, TF, BCF be respectively 0.03,
3.93 and 0.01, also have certain concentration effect to tin.
Preferably, the heavy metal is at least one of lead, cadmium and tin.
The present invention also provides a kind of methods of remediating heavy metal soil pollution, carry out soil using gymnema sylvestre plant and repair
It is multiple, 1) the gymnema sylvestre vegetable seeds is mixed thoroughly and is broadcasted sowing or by its sprigging in heavy-metal contaminated soil；2) to plantation
Gymnema sylvestre carry out the aerial part of toothing harvesting plant, or after the certain time limit of plantation, whole plant is recycled, then sow or skewer
Seedling is inserted, reduces Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils content using gymnema sylvestre.
The present invention also provides a kind of renovation agent for heavy-metal contaminated soil, the renovation agent is gymnema sylvestre.This hair
Bright gymnema sylvestre is different for the concentration effect and patience of different metal, and the enrichment effect of the different parts of plant is not yet
Together.It is of the invention studies have shown that the lead content of gymnema sylvestre aerial part is 140.8 ± 2.9mg kg-1, under ground portion lead content is
31.4±1.8mg kg-1, the content of lead is 1272 ± 65mg kg in growth substrate-1, corresponding its concentration coefficient BAF is
0.11, transhipment coefficient T F is 4.49, and the enrichment factor BCF of root is 0.02, shows that gymnema sylvestre has certain enrichment to lead
Effect；In addition, the cadmium content of gymnema sylvestre aerial part is 8.58 ± 0.19mg kg-1, the cadmium content of under ground portion is 3.21 ±
0.14mg kg-1, the cadmium content in growth substrate is 27.8 ± 4.2mg kg-1, BAF, TF, BCF are respectively 0.31,2.68 and
0.12, also have certain concentration effect to cadmium；Finally, the Theil indices of gymnema sylvestre aerial part are 12.1 ± 2.7mg kg-1, ground
The Theil indices of lower part are 3.09 ± 0.40mg kg-1, the Theil indices in growth substrate are 443 ± 71mg kg-1, BAF, TF,
BCF is respectively 0.03,3.93 and 0.01, also has certain concentration effect to tin.Therefore, gymnema sylvestre can be used as renovation agent counterweight
The soil of metallic lead, cadmium and tin pollution is repaired.
Preferably, contain the significant lead of bio-toxicity, cadmium and tin heavy metal contaminants in the matrix of the gymnema sylvestre growth.
Preferably, the gymnema sylvestre is the plant of no lesion and cured leaf.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention by ICP-AES method measure gymnema sylvestre plant in Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Sn,
The content of 6 heavy metal species of Cr has studied the plant to the concentration effect and patience of different heavy metals.Result of study shows spoon
Rattan is different for the concentration effect and patience of different metal, and the enrichment effect of the different parts of plant is also different.Gymnema sylvestre
The lead content of aerial part is 140.8 ± 2.9mg kg-1, under ground portion lead content is 31.4 ± 1.8mg kg-1, grow base
The content of lead is 1272 ± 65mg kg in matter-1, corresponding its concentration coefficient BAF is 0.11, and transhipment coefficient T F is 4.49, root
Enrichment factor BCF be 0.02, show that gymnema sylvestre has certain concentration effect to lead；In addition, the cadmium of gymnema sylvestre aerial part
Content is 8.58 ± 0.19mg kg-1, the cadmium content of under ground portion is 3.21 ± 0.14mg kg-1, cadmium content in growth substrate
For 27.8 ± 4.2mg kg-1, BAF, TF, BCF are respectively 0.31,2.68 and 0.12, also have certain concentration effect to cadmium；
Finally, the Theil indices of gymnema sylvestre aerial part are 12.1 ± 2.7mg kg-1, the Theil indices of under ground portion are 3.09 ± 0.40mg
kg-1, the Theil indices in growth substrate are 443 ± 71mg kg-1, BAF, TF, BCF are respectively 0.03,3.93 and 0.01, to tin
Also has certain concentration effect.Therefore gymnema sylvestre has certain application potential for heavy metal lead, cadmium and tin pollution reparation.
Therefore, gymnema sylvestre all has repair for heavy metal lead, cadmium and tin pollution.
Specific embodiment
To better illustrate the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, below in conjunction with specific embodiment to the present invention
It is described further.
Embodiment 1
Application study of the present invention to gymnema sylvestre remediating heavy metal, comprising the following steps:
1) in gymnema sylvestre growth distribution region, 3-5 plants of lifes the acquisition of plant sample and slag samples (growth substrate): are selected
Long good, without the plant of lesion and cured leaf, the residue of root is fully erased, whole strain acquires completely, by collected more plants
Sample plastic sample bag seals spare；Surface 5cm is removed to the slag of plant root growth while herborization sample
Thick earthing takes 5-30cm sections of slag, and the slag of multipoint acquisition is mixed, and seals spare.
Above-mentioned steps 1) in the matrix of the growth be that black smelts slag, it is aobvious that bio-toxicity is mainly contained in waste residue
The heavy metal contaminants such as cadmium, chromium, lead and the metalloid arsenic of work, and the virose zinc of tool, copper, nickel, tin.
2) pretreatment of plant sample: the plant sample of acquisition first rinses soil and other burs well with tap water,
It is rinsed well again with deionized water, under ground portion and aerial part is separated, kill 30min at 100 DEG C, then the constant temperature at 50 DEG C
Drying sample is crushed with mortar, is sealed spare to constant weight by drying.
3) pretreatment of slag samples: the slag samples of acquisition are first chosen except big chad and plant residue that may be present,
Then it dries in the shade at room temperature to constant weight, dry sample comminution is all then crossed by 2mm sieve by ball mill, is sealed standby
With.
4) digestion and measurement of plant sample: accurately weigh aerial part and each 0.5g of under ground portion (be accurate to ±
(3 groups of Duplicate Samples of setting) 0.0001g) are placed in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) crucible, is added 5ml nitric acid (excellent pure grade), covers, in electric hot plate
Upper digestion controls temperature at 120 DEG C.When reaction carries out similar, perchloric acid (excellent pure grade) 1ml is added, continues to digest, depending on resolution
Situation adds perchloric acid to solution clear, colorless repeatedly, adds 1ml hydrogen peroxide (excellent pure grade), be finally warming up to 165 DEG C and catch up with
Perchloric acid is closely dry to solution.0.5ml nitric acid (excellent pure grade) will be added in the sample digested, slightly deionized water makes it dissolve,
It is then transferred in 10ml volumetric flask, with deionized water constant volume.Digestive juice uses inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrum
Instrument (ICP-AES) measures the content of wherein Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Sn, Cr heavy metal.
5) digestion and measurement of slag: the slag samples 1g (being accurate to ± 0.0001g) handled well is accurately weighed, is placed in poly-
In tetrafluoroethene crucible (setting 3 groups of Duplicate Samples), the chloroazotic acid that 5ml is prepared in advance is added, covers, in being digested on electric hot plate, temperature
Control is at 120 DEG C, depending on clearing up situation, adds chloroazotic acid to liquid character repeatedly and is no longer changed, uncap, appropriate to cool down, then
1ml hydrofluoric acid (excellent pure grade) is added repeatedly, during which rocks cup body repeatedly, achievees the purpose that winged silicon, be eventually adding 1ml perchloric acid
(excellent pure grade) further digestion is warming up to 165 DEG C and acid is caught up with to do to close to solution clear, colorless.The sample ultrapure water that will have been digested
It is transferred to constant volume in 50ml volumetric flask completely.Digestive juice uses inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, and measurement is wherein
The content of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Sn, Cr heavy metal, data are shown in Table 1.
Tenor (the mg kg of 1 gymnema sylvestre different parts of table-1) and concentration coefficient BAF, transhipment coefficient T F, enrichment factor
BCF
The concentration coefficient BAF of plant is defined as: plant aerial part certain content of beary metal and the matrix that is grown
In the heavy metal species content ratio.The coefficient can reflect plant to Accumulation of heavy metals capacity of water, and concentration coefficient is bigger,
Accumulation ability is stronger.Especially plant shoot concentration coefficient is bigger, is more conducive to plant extract reparation, because of the upperground part biomass
It is easier to harvest.Aboveground vegetation part concentration coefficient is greater than 1, it is meant that certain content of beary metal of aboveground vegetation part is greater than institute
The concentration of the heavy metal species in growth substrate is the important spy that super enriching plant is different from common plant to Accumulation of heavy metals
Sign.The ratio of the content of certain heavy metal species is known as transporting coefficient T F in plant aerial part and root, can reflect out plant
The distribution situation of weight metal, transhipment coefficient is higher, is more conducive to extraction of the aerial part to heavy metal, conversely, concentration effect
It is poor；The ratio of the content of certain heavy metal species is known as enrichment factor BCF in plant root and growth substrate, when concentration coefficient and
When transhipment coefficient is all lower, and enrichment factor is higher, shows that plant has preferable patience, growth substrate to the heavy metal species
In heavy metal be mainly enriched in the root of plant, be the standard of plant tolerance.
As can be seen from Table 1, gymnema sylvestre has differences the absorption of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Sn, Cr element and characteristic of accumulation.
For heavy metal element Zn, Cu, Cr, gymnema sylvestre does not show preferable enrichment effect and tolerance, and aboveground vegetation part
It is also far below grown soil with the content of beary metal in foot end, and it is relatively low to transport coefficient T F.For a huge sum of money
Belong to Element Lead, gymnema sylvestre shows certain build-up effect, and the lead content of aerial part is 140.8 ± 2.9mg kg-1, underground part
Dividing lead content is 31.4 ± 1.8mg kg-1, the content of lead is 1272 ± 65mg kg-1 in growth substrate, its corresponding enrichment system
Number BAF (Bioaccumulation Factor) is 0.11, and transhipment coefficient T F (Transfer Factor) is 4.49, root
Enrichment factor BCF (Bioconcentration Factor) be 0.02；Show that gymnema sylvestre has certain enrichment to imitate in lead
Fruit；In addition, the cadmium content of gymnema sylvestre aerial part is 8.58 ± 0.19mg kg-1, the cadmium content of under ground portion is 3.21 ±
0.14mg kg-1, the cadmium content in growth substrate is 27.8 ± 4.2mg kg-1, BAF, TF, BCF are respectively 0.31,2.68 and
0.12, also have certain concentration effect to cadmium；Finally, the Theil indices of gymnema sylvestre aerial part are 12.1 ± 2.7mg kg-1, ground
The Theil indices of lower part are 3.09 ± 0.40mg kg-1, the Theil indices in growth substrate are 443 ± 71mg kg-1, BAF, TF,
BCF is respectively 0.03,3.93 and 0.01, also has certain concentration effect to tin.
According to the investigation to Present Situation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, a large amount of research thinks that phytoremediation technology has biggish answer
With potentiality, currently, largely being used, technique is environmentally protective, and the heavy metal that can stablize and be passivated in soil subtracts
Weak its is spread into environment, while can be enriched in plant, by gathering in aboveground vegetation part, achievees the purpose that reparation.
It can be usually used to grind by the plant that naturally wild environment is selected in heavy metal high pollution area with suitable enriching plant
Study carefully its enrichment and repairs characteristic.
Analysis according to the above gymnema sylvestre to the enrichment result of different heavy metals, we can see that gymnema sylvestre for lead,
Cadmium and tin have certain accumulation effect simultaneously, for heavy metal lead or cadmium or tin, Huo Zheqian, cadmium combined pollution, the compound dirt of lead, tin
Dye, cadmium, tin combined pollution, the soil remediation of lead, cadmium and tin combined pollution all have the potentiality of application, can be used as heavy metal pollution
The renovation agent of soil.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment discloses a kind of methods of remediating heavy metal soil pollution, carry out soil using gymnema sylvestre plant and repair
It is multiple, restorative procedure the following steps are included:
1) the gymnema sylvestre vegetable seeds is mixed thoroughly and is broadcasted sowing or by its sprigging in heavy-metal contaminated soil；This reality
The soil for applying example is selected from the region that non-ferrous metal metallurgy tailing and slag sheet are accumulated, and it is significant to mainly contain bio-toxicity in waste residue
Cadmium, lead and tin heavy metal contaminants, be mixed with biological organic fertilizer base fertilizer in soil, irregularly watering is maintained at soil moisture content
30~50%；
2) detection is gathered in after growing 5 months, the gymnema sylvestre for choosing 3~5 plants of plantations carries out toothing harvesting aerial part and ground
Lower part, and the plant should have certain biomass, grow fine, and not occur the property poisoned by heavy metal lead, cadmium and tin
Shape, and the cadmium to gymnema sylvestre different parts, lead and tin content of beary metal detect, testing result is as shown in table 2:
Tenor (the mg kg of 2 gymnema sylvestre different parts of table-1) and concentration coefficient BAF, transhipment coefficient T F, enrichment factor
BCF
As can be seen from Table 2, for heavy metal element lead, gymnema sylvestre shows certain build-up effect, aerial part
Lead content is 178.9 ± 3.5mg kg-1, under ground portion lead content is 42.5 ± 2.9mg kg-1, lead contains in growth substrate
Amount is 1351 ± 59mg kg-1, corresponding its concentration coefficient BAF is 0.13, and transhipment coefficient T F is 4.21, the enrichment factor of root
BCF is 0.03；Show that gymnema sylvestre has certain concentration effect to lead；In addition, the cadmium content of gymnema sylvestre aerial part is 13.9
±57.5mg kg-1, the cadmium content of under ground portion is 4.98 ± 6mg kg-1, the cadmium content in growth substrate is 32.8 ± 6.3kg-1, BAF, TF, BCF are respectively 0.42,2.79 and 0.15, also have certain concentration effect to cadmium；Finally, gymnema sylvestre is on the ground
Partial Theil indices are 15.9 ± 2.7mg kg-1, the Theil indices of under ground portion are 4.68 ± 0.40mg kg-1, in growth substrate
Theil indices be 439 ± 57mg kg-1, BAF, TF, BCF are respectively 0.04,3.40 and 0.01, also have certain richness to tin
Collect effect.We can see that gymnema sylvestre for lead, cadmium and tin simultaneously there is certain accumulation effect, have remediating heavy metal (cadmium,
Lead and tin) contaminated soil effect.
After gymnema sylvestre can be planted certain time limit by the present invention, whole plant is recycled, then is sowed or cuttage seedling, is utilized
Gymnema sylvestre reduces Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils content.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done be should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of application of gymnema sylvestre in the repair of heavy metal contaminated soil.
2. the application of gymnema sylvestre according to claim 1 in the repair of heavy metal contaminated soil, which is characterized in that described heavy
Metal is at least one of lead, cadmium and tin.
3. the application of gymnema sylvestre according to claim 1 in the repair of heavy metal contaminated soil, which is characterized in that the spoon
Contain the significant lead of bio-toxicity, cadmium and tin heavy metal contaminants in the matrix of custard rattan growth.
4. a kind of method of remediating heavy metal soil pollution, which is characterized in that carry out soil remediation using gymnema sylvestre plant: 1) will
The gymnema sylvestre vegetable seeds, which is mixed thoroughly, to be broadcasted sowing or by its sprigging in heavy-metal contaminated soil；2) to the gymnema sylvestre of plantation
After carrying out the aerial part of toothing harvesting plant, or the certain time limit of plantation, whole plant is recycled, then is sowed or cuttage seedling,
Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils content is reduced using gymnema sylvestre.
5. the method for remediating heavy metal soil pollution according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the heavy metal be lead,
At least one of cadmium and tin.
6. a kind of renovation agent for heavy-metal contaminated soil, which is characterized in that the renovation agent is gymnema sylvestre.
7. the renovation agent of heavy-metal contaminated soil according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the heavy metal is lead, cadmium
At least one of with tin.
8. according to the renovation agent of claim 6 heavy-metal contaminated soil, which is characterized in that contain in the matrix of the gymnema sylvestre growth
There are the significant lead of bio-toxicity, cadmium and tin heavy metal contaminants.
9. according to the renovation agent of claim 6 heavy-metal contaminated soil, which is characterized in that the gymnema sylvestre is no lesion and does
The plant of leaf.
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