CN109226214B - Method for restoring heavy metal pollution by combining facility gardening multi-species ecological niches - Google Patents
Method for restoring heavy metal pollution by combining facility gardening multi-species ecological niches Download PDFInfo
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- CN109226214B CN109226214B CN201810940633.9A CN201810940633A CN109226214B CN 109226214 B CN109226214 B CN 109226214B CN 201810940633 A CN201810940633 A CN 201810940633A CN 109226214 B CN109226214 B CN 109226214B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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Abstract
A method for restoring heavy metal pollution by combining facility gardening multi-species niches comprises the following steps: arranging a support in a greenhouse for facility gardening to support grapes planted in the greenhouse and enable grape vines to extend at a height of at least 180 cm; ridging and planting strawberries on the ground below the grape vines, or planting the strawberries in a cultivation container; and after the strawberries are harvested for 4 months and before the strawberries are planted for 8 months next time, arranging a first high heavy metal-enriched plant on the ground to intercroph a second high heavy metal-enriched plant, wherein the first high heavy metal-enriched plant is higher than the second high heavy metal-enriched plant, and the second high heavy metal-enriched plant is favored to be wet and cloudy. The invention provides a multi-species space-time habitat ecological niche combination multiple planting method, which is used for repairing soil polluted by heavy metal, does not influence or hardly influences crop production, and realizes win-win of ecological benefit, economic benefit, short-term benefit and long-term benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of soil heavy metal pollution remediation, facility gardening, crop multiple cropping, ecological engineering and the like, in particular to a method for remedying heavy metal pollution by a space-time ecological niche combination of multiple species in facility gardening.
Background
Generally, greenhouse fruit and vegetable planting is mainly used for facility gardening. In order to maintain the soil fertility, a large amount of organic fertilizer taking livestock and poultry manure as a raw material is generally applied to the greenhouse. Livestock manure generally contains high heavy metals such as copper, zinc, cadmium and arsenic. The long-term application can cause heavy metal pollution. The method for repairing/preventing the heavy metal pollution of the soil is economic and effective because the heavy metal (super) enrichment plants (hereinafter referred to as enrichment plants) can absorb and remove the heavy metal in the soil.
However, the planting of the enriched plants occupies limited facility space and resource conditions such as illumination heat, and the like, which often causes the reduction of the yield of fruits and vegetables and the reduction of economic benefits. At present, no method for remedying heavy metal pollution and taking economic benefits into consideration is obtained in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for restoring heavy metal pollution by a facility gardening multi-species space-time ecological niche combination, so as to simultaneously give consideration to soil heavy metal restoration and economic benefits.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for restoring heavy metal pollution by combining facility gardening multi-species niches comprises the following steps: arranging a support in a greenhouse for facility gardening to support grapes planted in the greenhouse and enable grape vines to extend at a height of at least 180 cm; ridging and planting strawberries on the ground below the grape vines, or planting the strawberries in a cultivation container; and after the strawberries are harvested for 4 months and before the strawberries are planted for 8 months next time, arranging a first highly enriched plant on the ground to intercroph a second highly enriched plant, wherein the first highly enriched plant is higher than the second highly enriched plant, and the second highly enriched plant is favored by yin and dampness.
Preferably, the first highly enriched plant is abutilon or nightshade.
Preferably, the second highly enriched plant is sedum alfredii or pteris vittata.
Preferably, the first highly enriched plant is a single species enriched plant; or the first highly enriched plant is an intercropped multiple species enriched plant.
Preferably, the second highly enriched plant is a single species enriched plant; or the second highly enriched plant is an intercropped multiple species enriched plant.
The analysis shows that the invention provides a multi-species space-time habitat ecological niche combination multiple planting method to repair the soil polluted by heavy metal, simultaneously does not influence or hardly influences the crop production, and realizes the win-win of ecological benefit, economic benefit, short-term benefit and long-term benefit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Before describing in detail the embodiments of the present invention, the characteristics of the crops such as grape, strawberry, ciliate desert-grass, Sedum alfredii Hance, Abutili abutilon, and black nightshade are described as follows:
grapes are woody vines, which are grown for many years and are favored by light. Spatial ecological niche characteristics: the greenhouse is cultivated in a support frame and is positioned at the uppermost layer of the greenhouse. Temporal niche characteristics: in northern greenhouses in China, new leaves generally grow in the beginning of 3 months, leaves are fully expanded in the last 3 months, can be picked in the last 6 months, and leaves are fallen in the last 9 months.
The strawberry is a Rosaceae strawberry, and is cultivated and transplanted in greenhouse. Spatial ecological niche characteristics: the ground is planted in ridges or in cultivation containers, and can be positioned at the middle and lower layers of the greenhouse. Temporal niche characteristics: in northern greenhouses, field planting is generally carried out in late 8 months or late 9 months, picking is carried out in 1 month, and picking is finished in the middle and lower 4 months.
The Sedum alfredii Hance is a cadmium-zinc-lead (super) enriched plant belonging to Sedum of Crassulaceae, and is herb, preferring yin-dampness and not resistant to light and heat. Spatial ecological niche characteristics: the height is 10-20 cm. Temporal niche characteristics: the strawberry seedlings can be cultured in 3 months, and the strawberries are transplanted and planted after being harvested in 4 months.
Ciliate desert-grass is an arsenic-lead (super) enrichment plant, belonging to the genus Pteridaceae, Pteridium, herbaceous, preferring yin-dampness. Spatial ecological niche characteristics: the height is 30-50 cm. Temporal niche characteristics: can be used for seedling culture in 3 months and transplanting and planting in 4 months.
The garland hemp is a lead-copper-cadmium-zinc (super) enriched plant, is a herbal plant belonging to Abutilon of Malvaceae, and generally grows in northern China, and has strong adaptability. Spatial ecological niche characteristics: the height is 100-180 cm. Temporal niche characteristics: the seedlings can be raised in 3 months and transplanted and fixed in 4 months.
The black nightshade is a cadmium-zinc (super) enriched plant, belonging to the genus Solanum of the family Solanaceae, and has strong adaptability because of the common growth in northern China. Spatial ecological niche characteristics: the height is 60-120 cm. Temporal niche characteristics: the seedlings can be raised in 3 months and transplanted and fixed in 4 months.
In order to be able to describe embodiments of the invention in further detail, the following is given by way of example.
The first embodiment is as follows: grape-strawberry-black nightshade-southeast sedum multi-species multi-space-time multi-species mode
As grapes are perennial, the height of the grape support is designed to be 180-250cm, strawberries are planted below the grape support, and a space-time mode of 'upper layer grapes and lower layer strawberries' is formed in the growth season of the strawberries.
After the strawberries are harvested for 4 months and before the next crop is planted for 8 months, intercropping sedum alfredii (the solanum alfredii and the sedum alfredii are all grown in advance in 3 months, and the strawberries are harvested for 4 months and then transplanted to a preset position) is arranged on the ground to form an upper grape-middle-layer solanum alfredii-lower-layer sedum alfredii. The photophobic grape is in 180-250cm space at the uppermost layer, the black nightshade with strong adaptability is in 60-120cm space at the middle layer, and the rhodiola rosea with photophobia is in 10-20cm space at the lower layer.
The solanum nigrum or sedum alfredii et al is harvested before the next strawberry cultivation (about at the end of eight months).
Example two: grape-strawberry-black nightshade-ciliate desert-grass multi-species and multi-space-time multi-species mode
Similarly, the height of the grape trellis is designed to be 180-250cm, and the strawberry is planted below the grape trellis to form a space-time pattern of 'upper grape and lower strawberry' in the growing season of the strawberry.
After the strawberries are harvested for 4 months and before the next crop is fixedly planted for 8 months, intercropping ciliate desert-grass (the solanum nigrum and the ciliate desert-grass are all grown seedlings in 3 months, and the strawberries are transplanted to a preset position after being harvested for 4 months) is arranged on the ground to form an upper-layer grape-middle-layer solanum nigrum-lower-layer ciliate desert-grass. The photophobic grape is in 180-250cm space at the uppermost layer, the black nightshade with strong adaptability is in 60-120cm space at the middle layer, and the ciliate desert-grass which is photophobic is in 30-50cm space at the lower layer.
Solanum nigrum or ciliate desert grass and the like are harvested before the next strawberry is planted (about in late August).
Example three: grape-strawberry-crowndaisy hemp-sedum alfredii multi-species multi-space-time multi-cropping mode
Similarly, the height of the grape trellis is designed to be 180-250cm, and the strawberry is planted below the grape trellis to form a space-time pattern of 'upper grape and lower strawberry' in the growing season of the strawberry.
After the strawberries are harvested for 4 months and before the strawberries are planted for 8 months, the sedum alfredii hance is intercropped with piemarker on the ground (the piemarker and the sedum alfredii hance are all grown in advance for 3 months, and the strawberries are transplanted to a preset position after the strawberries are harvested for 4 months), and then the sedum alfredii hance, namely the grape at the upper layer, the pie. The grape with preference for light is located in 180-250cm space at the uppermost layer, the Abutilon abutilon with strong adaptability is located in 100-180cm space at the middle layer, and the Sedum alfredii with preference for yin and dampness is located in 10-20cm space at the lower layer.
Abutilon abutilon or Sedum alfredii et al are harvested before the next strawberry harvest (approximately at the end of eight months).
Example four: grape-strawberry-crowndaisy hemp-centipede grass multi-species and multi-space-time multi-cropping mode
Similarly, the height of the grape trellis is designed to be 180-250cm, and the strawberry is planted below the grape trellis to form a space-time pattern of 'upper grape and lower strawberry' in the growing season of the strawberry.
After the strawberries are harvested for 4 months and before the strawberries are planted for 8 months next, the filifolius sibiricus and the ciliate desert grass are arranged on the ground and intercropped with the filigree abutilon and the ciliate desert grass (the filifolius sibiricus and the ciliate desert grass are all grown seedlings in advance for 3 months, and the strawberries are transplanted to a preset position after being harvested for 4 months), so that. The grape with preference for light is located in 180-250cm space at the uppermost layer, the Abutilon abutilon with strong adaptability is located in 100-180cm space at the middle layer, and the ciliate desert-grass with preference for yin dampness is located in 30-50cm space at the lower layer.
Abutilon abutilon or ciliate desert grass and the like are harvested before the next strawberry is planted (about in late August).
In addition, according to different types and contents of heavy metals in soil, intercropping combination of the garland hemp and the black nightshade can be carried out on the middle layer of the facility gardening greenhouse, and intercropping combination of the sedum alfredii and the ciliate desert-grass is carried out on the lower layer, so that more planting modes are formed.
In conclusion, the space-time patterns of the grapes at the upper layer and the strawberries at the lower layer are fixed, and no time intersection exists between the strawberries and the heavy metal (super) enriched plants, so that the difference between various modes is different from the combination of the heavy metal (super) enriched plants. The basic mode of the heavy metal (super) enriched plant combination is that the middle layer layout has strong adaptability to black nightshade or chingma abutilon, and the lower layer layout has the centipede or sedum alfredii which is fond of yin and dampness. Therefore, the invention forms a basic production mode that the upper layer of grapes and the lower layer of strawberries are produced in a greenhouse, heavy metal (super) enriched plant combination is planted from the strawberry harvest to the next strawberry field planting to realize heavy metal restoration/prevention, and the space-time ecological niche is optimized according to the height and morphological characteristics of crop plants and the ecological requirements of light, temperature, humidity and the like to form a plurality of species space-time ecological niche combination.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (1)
1. A method for restoring heavy metal pollution by combining facility gardening multi-species niches is characterized by comprising the following steps:
arranging a bracket in a greenhouse for facility gardening to support grapes planted in the greenhouse, and designing the height of the grape vine bracket to be 180-250 cm;
ridging and planting strawberries on the ground below the grape vines, or planting the strawberries in a cultivation container;
after the strawberries are harvested for 4 months and before the strawberries are planted for 8 months next time, arranging a first high heavy metal enriched plant on the ground to intercroph a second high heavy metal enriched plant, wherein the first high heavy metal enriched plant is higher than the second high heavy metal enriched plant, and the second high heavy metal enriched plant is fond of yin and dampness, the first high heavy metal enriched plant is piemarker and solanum nigrum which are intercropped, and the second high heavy metal enriched plant is sedum alfredii and ciliate desert grass which are intercropped;
the space of the middle layer is 100-180cm, the space of the middle layer is 60-120cm, the space of the lower layer is 30-50cm, and the space of the lower layer is 10-20 cm;
the crowndaisy hemp, the black nightshade herb, the ciliate desert-grass and the sedum alfredii are all grown in 3 months, and transplanted and fixed in 4 months.
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| CN103355074A (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2013-10-23 | 北京农业职业学院 | Stereoscopic cultivation method of grapes and strawberries in sunlight greenhouse |
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| CN104996147A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-10-28 | 重庆市铜梁区金马水果种植股份合作社 | Strawberry, vegetable and grape mixed planting method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2001276801A (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-09 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Cleaning method of heavy metals-containing soil by plant |
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Patent Citations (7)
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| CN103355074A (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2013-10-23 | 北京农业职业学院 | Stereoscopic cultivation method of grapes and strawberries in sunlight greenhouse |
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| CN106238446A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-12-21 | 河南化工职业学院 | The method utilizing herbaceous plant catch cropping restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal |
| CN106358972A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-02-01 | 铜仁市万山区山地葡萄科技有限公司 | Cultivation method for interplanting strawberries in greenhouse vineyard |
| CN107306751A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-11-03 | 安庆市双益生态农业有限公司 | A kind of grape, strawberry, the ecosystem in vegetables mixed planting garden |
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