CN109166440B - Bidirectional dynamic physical simulation experiment device and experiment method for supergravity environment - Google Patents
Bidirectional dynamic physical simulation experiment device and experiment method for supergravity environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bidirectional dynamic physical simulation experiment device and an experiment method for a supergravity environment, wherein the experiment device comprises an experiment box and a power device, the experiment box consists of fixed plates positioned at the front side and the rear side and movable plates positioned at the left side and the right side, the fixed plates and the movable plates are vertically arranged, experiment materials are placed in the experiment box, and the two side walls of the movable plates move back and forth along the fixed plates under the action of the power device so as to extrude and deform the experiment materials in the experiment box. The experimental device completes the arrangement of experimental materials in the deep-layer structure physical simulation experimental box under the condition of normal gravity; under the centrifugal force condition, the bidirectional power device of the constructed physical simulation experiment box is automatically controlled, so that the constructed physical simulation experiment box completes the deep-layer constructed physical simulation experiment, the bidirectional power structure in the experiment box is subjected to deformation physical simulation experiment process research, and an instant geological structure evolution process model is provided for researchers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device and an experimental method, in particular to a bidirectional dynamic physical simulation experimental device and an experimental method for a supergravity environment.
Background
Physical modeling of geological formations has been known for over two hundred years. The research in this field is not until the establishment of the similarity theory in the last 30 th century (Hubbert,1937 has not substantially developed and finally becomes the most important means for researching the deformation rule, formation process and cause mechanism of the geological structure. long, people have developed comprehensive research on the geological structure process by utilizing a normal gravity physical construction simulation device, and the research and understanding level of the geological structure is greatly promoted.
The physical simulation method of the structural deformation obtains remarkable effect in the field of structural geology research at home and abroad, and various related laboratories are established in some famous universities and research institutes at home and abroad, such as Stanford university, rice university, London university in England, Berney university in Switzerland and the like. In China, a structure physical simulation laboratory is established in succession in high schools such as Nanjing university, China geological university (Beijing), university of Chengdu rationality, China Petroleum university (Beijing), and the like, and is mainly used for experimental research of simulation of structure deformation physical simulation; a physical open laboratory is constructed by the Chinese earthquake local geological research institute, and a great deal of experimental research is carried out on the aspects of rock breakage and friction, physical processes of earthquake sources, earthquake precursor characteristics and physical mechanisms, physical properties and rheological properties of crust and upper mantle rocks, earthquake cause mechanisms, dynamics and the like. However, most of the construction physical simulation experiments were performed in a flask experiment under normal gravity conditions. The constant gravity constructed physical simulation experiment has great limitation in the aspect of the physical simulation of the construction process related to the problems of rock flow deformation (such as upward flowing of a mantle column, convection of a soft flow ring, flowing of an underground crust, and formation of magma and paste salt strata diapir) and the like, and the constant gravity constructed physical simulation experiment can simulate a vivid constructed deformation form, but lacks stress influence factors of the constructed deformation.
For the geographical problems related to gravity, centrifuges have an irreplaceable role. The centrifugal machine can realize a hypergravity environment with hundreds of times or even more than 1000 times of normal gravity, so that an actual geologic body can be reduced into a geologic model, and the geologic model can be researched in a laboratory. For the rock in the earth's crust, gravity is the main factor controlling its destruction and deformation, and the related physical simulation experiment using a centrifuge is the inevitable choice. Physical simulation based on the centrifuge hypergravity environment was first conducted in Ramberg,1967, and then in the construction simulation laboratories of pennisal university, canada, and italy, university of florisia, etc., and foreign scholars published corresponding results (Harris & Koyi (2003, JSG), Acocella (2008, EPSL), Noble & Dixon (2011, JSG), Corti & doley (2015, tectophysics), Dietl & Koyi (2011, JSG), etc.
The development of the simulation experiment of the centrifuge in the hypergravity environment is an effective way for solving the problems of the physical simulation experiment of the normal gravity structure, however, the long-arm large-scale centrifuge has a complex structure and high manufacturing cost, and the physical simulation of the centrifuge in the hypergravity field environment mostly adopts a drum centrifuge with lower manufacturing cost and smaller size. Although the highest gravity acceleration of the geological structure simulation device of the drum centrifuge can reach more than 1000g, the size of an experimental model is extremely small (the maximum is more than ten centimeters, the actual geological structure phenomenon is difficult to be simulated finely, and because the space of an experimental cabin is narrow, a force application part and a real-time observation instrument cannot be arranged like a normal gravity experimental device, the deformation rate is difficult to be controlled precisely and the whole deformation process is difficult to be recorded synchronously.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a bidirectional dynamic physical simulation experiment device for providing a hypergravity environment geological structure evolution process model for researchers; the second purpose of the invention is to provide an experimental method using the experimental device.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a bidirectional dynamic physical simulation experiment device for a supergravity environment, which comprises an experiment box and a power device, wherein the experiment box consists of fixed plates positioned on the front side and the rear side and movable plates positioned on the left side and the right side, the fixed plates and the movable plates are vertically arranged, experiment materials are placed in the experiment box, and the two side walls of the movable plates move back and forth along the fixed plates under the action of the power device so as to extrude and deform the experiment materials in the experiment box.
The power device comprises a power screw rod connected with the movable plate, a motor and a speed reducer, wherein the motor and the speed reducer provide power for the power screw rod, the power screw rod is arranged on the power slide rail, and the movable plate is driven to move back and forth by sliding on the power slide rail.
Preferably, the motor is arranged vertically; the input shaft and the output shaft of the speed reducer are on the same axis, and the axis is vertically arranged. The power slide rail is erected or arranged on a bottom plate of the experiment box, and preferably, the power slide rail is also vertically arranged. The vertical arrangement here means an arrangement perpendicular to the floor of the laboratory box.
The movable plate is provided with a movable sliding block, a movable sliding rail is arranged outside or on the fixed plate, and the movable sliding block slides in the movable sliding rail to realize the back and forth movement of the movable plate. Preferably, the movable sliding blocks are located on two sides of the top of the movable plate, and the movable sliding rails are located on the top of the fixed plate.
In the invention, at least one of the fixed plate and the movable plate is a transparent fixed plate. Preferably, the movable plate is a transparent fixed plate. Furthermore, one of the movable plates is a transparent fixed plate. Meanwhile, a photographing apparatus is installed at one side of the transparent fixing plate.
In order to prevent the leakage of experimental materials in the experimental box and reduce the friction force of the contact of the movable plate and the fixed plate, a sealing strip is arranged at the movable contact part of the movable plate and the fixed plate. The preferred seal is a teflon seal.
Further, a scanner is installed at the top of the experimental box to photograph the deformation process of the experimental material.
The experimental device is suitable for the 160-200G centrifugal force overweight environment, and is particularly suitable for the 160G centrifugal force overweight environment.
When the centrifugal force is in an overweight environment at first, the experimental device is arranged in a hanging basket of the centrifugal machine, the centrifugal machine is also provided with a motion control device, the motion control device is connected with a computer outside the centrifugal machine in a wired or wireless mode, and meanwhile, the motion control device is connected with the experimental device in the hanging basket through a conducting wire and a signal wire.
The experimental method of the bidirectional dynamic physical simulation experimental device comprises the following steps:
(1) before the centrifuge runs and under the normal gravity environment, experimental materials are laid in an experimental box, an experimental device is installed in a hanging basket of the centrifuge and is connected with a conducting wire and a signal wire;
(2) presetting the rotating speed or the gravity value of the centrifuge, and starting the centrifuge to enable the hanging basket to rotate and be in a horizontal state when the operation of the centrifuge reaches the set rotating speed or the gravity value; starting a computer, setting the movement speed and the movement distance of the movable plate, driving the movable plate to start to move by the power device, and starting to deform the experimental material in the experimental box;
(3) recording deformation data of the experimental material in the experimental box while the movable plate moves;
(4) when the moving speed and the moving distance of the movable plate reach preset values, the movable plate stops moving, the centrifugal machine is closed, the hanging basket is recovered to be in a vertical hanging state, the experimental device in the hanging basket is taken out, and experimental research is carried out on recorded deformation data.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the experimental device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the arrangement of experimental materials in the deep-layer structure physical simulation experiment box is completed under the condition of normal gravity, the bidirectional power device of the structure physical simulation experiment box is automatically controlled under the condition of centrifugal force, so that the structure physical simulation experiment box completes the deep-layer structure physical simulation experiment, the bidirectional power structure deformation physical simulation experiment process research in the experiment box provides an instant geological structure evolution process model for researchers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of the bi-directional dynamic physical simulation experiment apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the bi-directional dynamic physical simulation test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the bi-directional dynamic physical simulation experiment chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the two-way dynamic physical simulation experiment device of the present invention under a centrifuge hypergravity environment.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the experimental set-up comprises an experimental box 5 and a power plant. The experimental box 5 is composed of a fixed plate 11 and a transparent fixed plate 16 which are positioned at the front side and the rear side, and a movable plate 8 which is positioned at the left side and the right side, wherein the bottoms of the fixed plate 11 and the transparent fixed plate 16 are fixed on an experimental cabin bottom plate 18. The top parts of the fixed plate 11 and the transparent fixed plate 16 are provided with movable slide rails 9 along the length direction, and the movable slide rails 9 are connected with the movable plate 8 through movable sliding blocks 12.
In specific implementation, the experimental device is suitable for the 160-200G centrifugal force overweight environment, and is particularly suitable for the 160G centrifugal force overweight environment.
All gravity values are self weight under normal gravity environment, the gravity that the 160-sand-200G supergravity environment needs to bear the 160-sand-200 times weight of self weight and does not deform, the bottom bearing capacity of the vertically placed fixed plate 11 and the movable plate 8 is 200 times of the 160-sand-200 times of self weight, for example: the dead weight of the fixing plate 11 is 20Kg, and the bearing capacity of the bottom plate of the fixing plate is 3200Kg in a 160G hypergravity environment, so that the material for manufacturing the baffle is required to be special, and the material is generally selected from magnesium aluminum alloy or titanium alloy for aviation. When the movable plate 8 moves, not only the gravity of the movable plate needs to be overcome, but also the friction between the movable plate and an experimental bottom plate needs to be overcome, the movable plate cannot deform when the two forces are overcome, under the environment of supergravity, the friction can be very large, the friction needs to be reduced, and only the contact pressure between the plates needs to be reduced, so that the movable sliding rail 9 and the movable sliding block 12 are designed by the inventor, the guide rail is installed at the top of the fixed plate 11, the movable sliding block 12 is connected with the movable plate 8, when the movable plate 8 moves, the movable sliding block 12 and the movable plate 8 move together, and the vertical gravity of the movable plate 8 is borne, and the friction.
The lateral stress of the materials in the experiment box 5 in the 160-200G centrifugal environment should be fully considered during the manufacturing of the fixing plate 11 and the transparent fixing plate 16, and the materials in the experiment box 5 should be borne without deformation in the 160-200G centrifugal environment. The movable plate 8 is manufactured by fully considering the lateral stress under the supergravity of 160-. The movable slide block 12 and the power slide rail 13 need to bear the weight of the movable plate 8 in the centrifugal environment of 160-200G and can move freely.
The power device is located at the left side and the right side of the experiment box 5, wherein the movable plate 8 is connected with the power screw rods 14 at the two sides of the movable plate, the power screw rods 14 are in driving connection with the speed reducer 23 through the integrated motor 15, the other movable tail end of the power screw rod 14 is connected with the power slide block 4, and the power slide block 4 is connected with the power slide rail 13 fixed on the experiment cabin bottom plate 18. The power screw 14 in fig. 2 is perpendicular to the gravity direction, and needs to bear 160-200 times of the self weight of the super gravity, and will deform, so that the power slider 4 and the power slide rail 13 are designed to bear the self weight of the super gravity, and can be driven by the motor 15 to move accurately under the unchanged shape state. The motor 15 can only be placed perpendicular to the experimental bottom plate in a high-gravity environment to normally operate, so that the motor 15 is arranged perpendicular to the experimental cabin bottom plate 18.
The power screw rod 14 needs to be selected according to the magnitude of the thrust and needs to bear the lateral pressure 160 and 200G centrifugal environment of the material in the experiment box 5. The thrust of the integrated motor 15 and the reducer 23 needs to be greater than the lateral pressure 160 and 200G centrifugal environment of the material in the experimental box 5, and in order to ensure the normal operation of the integrated motor 15 and the reducer 23 in the centrifugal environment, the motor 15 must be installed perpendicular to the experimental cabin bottom plate 18. The input shaft and the output shaft of the speed reducer 23 are on the same axis, and the axis is perpendicular to the experiment chamber bottom plate 18.
In a supergravity environment, because the lateral force of sand in an experimental sand box is extremely large, leakage is easy to occur, the movable plate 8 and the fixed plate 11 must be completely sealed, the requirement on manufacturing precision is extremely high, special materials must be used for sealing the plates, and the sealing strip is specially manufactured by using Teflon materials in the invention. Specifically, teflon sealing strips 21 are installed on two sides of the movable plate 8, which are in contact with the fixed plate 11 and the transparent fixed plate 16, for preventing the leakage of the material in the experimental box 5, reducing the friction force of the movable plate 8, which is in contact with the fixed plate 11 and the transparent fixed plate 16, and calculating the friction force when the push-pull force of the movable plate 8 is calculated.
The top of the experiment chamber 3 is provided with a three-dimensional scanner 6, and the three-dimensional scanner 6 is arranged on a scanner mounting bracket 17 on an experiment bottom plate 18. The scanner mounting bracket 17 is required to bear the weight of the three-dimensional scanner 6 and not to deform under the centrifugal environment of 160-200G. The photographic equipment 7 is arranged on one side of the transparent fixed plate 16 at the bottom of the experiment chamber 3, and the photographic equipment 7 is fixed on the bottom plate 18 of the experiment chamber.
In the specific implementation, the experiment box 5 is horizontally arranged at the center of the bottom of the experiment cabin 3.
As shown in fig. 4, an experiment chamber 3 is installed in a basket 2 of the centrifuge 1, a motion control device 10 is installed on the top of the centrifuge 1, and the motion control device 10 is connected with an experiment control computer 22 outside the centrifuge 1 in a wired or wireless mode; the motion control device 10 is connected with a conductive wire and a signal wire 20 on a rotating arm through a conductive slip ring 19 at the rotating center of the centrifuge 1, the conductive wire and the signal wire 20 are connected with devices in the experiment chamber 3, and the experiment chamber 3 starts to work after the centrifuge 1 runs to reach a certain gravity acceleration.
The experimental method comprises the following steps:
1. before the centrifuge 1 runs, experimental materials are paved into an experimental box 5 under the normal gravity environment, an experimental cabin 3 is installed into a centrifuge basket 2 of the centrifuge 1, and a control electric lead and a signal wire 20 are connected.
2. Presetting the rotation speed of the centrifuge 1 or directly setting the gravity value of 10-160-200G, starting the centrifuge 1, and waiting for the operation of the centrifuge 1 to reach the set gravity value, enabling the centrifuge basket 2 to rotate at a high speed and be in a horizontal state; starting the control computer 22, setting the push-pull movement rate and movement distance, driving the movable plate 8 to start moving by the power screw 14 of the motor 15 and the power screw 14, and starting the deformation of the material in the experiment box 5, wherein the movement control rate reaches 0.00001 mm/s.
3. And simultaneously setting the movable plate 8 to start moving, the control computer 22 simultaneously controls to start the photographic imaging device 7 and the three-dimensional scanner 6, and periodically records the deformation image of the material in the transparent fixed plate 16 and the three-dimensional deformation data of the top of the material in the experimental box 5.
4. When the moving distance of the movable plate 8 reaches a preset value, it automatically stops moving. And (3) closing the centrifuge 1 to move, recovering the suspension vertical state of the centrifuge basket 2, taking the experiment chamber 3 out of the centrifuge basket 2, and taking out data recorded in the photographic equipment 7 and the three-dimensional scanner 6 for experimental research.
The invention is based on the structural physical simulation experiment of the long-arm large-scale centrifuge, can not only highlight the flow deformation effect of the rock under the hypergravity environment, but also simulate the large-scale deep structure evolution process, provide the most effective research means for the simulation of the deep structure process related to the rock circle scale, and is expected to become an important innovative research means for solving the important basic theoretical problem of earth science.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a two-way dynamic physical simulation experimental apparatus for hypergravity environment which characterized in that: the experimental box (5) consists of a fixed plate (11) positioned on the front side and the rear side and a movable plate (8) positioned on the left side and the right side, the fixed plate (11) and the movable plate (8) are vertically arranged, experimental materials are placed in the experimental box (5), and the two side walls of the movable plate (8) move back and forth along the fixed plate (11) under the action of the power device so as to extrude and deform the experimental materials in the experimental box (5); the movable plate (8) is provided with a movable sliding block (12), a movable sliding rail (9) is arranged outside or on the fixed plate (11), and the movable sliding block (12) slides in the movable sliding rail (9) to realize the back-and-forth movement of the movable plate (8); the experimental device is arranged in a centrifuge basket (2), the centrifuge (1) is further provided with a motion control device (10), the motion control device (10) is connected with a computer (22) outside the centrifuge (1) in a wired or wireless mode, and meanwhile, the motion control device (10) is connected with the experimental device in the basket through a conducting wire and a signal wire (20).
2. The two-way dynamic physical simulation experiment device of claim 1, wherein: the movable sliding blocks (12) are located on two sides of the top of the movable plate (8), and the movable sliding rails (9) are located on the top of the fixed plate (11).
3. The two-way dynamic physical simulation experiment device of claim 1, wherein: the power device comprises a power screw rod (14) connected with the movable plate (8), and a motor (15) and a speed reducer (23) which provide power for the power screw rod (14), wherein the power screw rod (14) is arranged on the power slide rail (13) and drives the movable plate (8) to move back and forth by sliding on the power slide rail (13).
4. The two-way dynamic physical simulation experiment device according to claim 3, wherein: the motor (15) is arranged vertically; the input shaft and the output shaft of the speed reducer (23) are on the same axis, and the axis is vertically arranged.
5. The two-way dynamic physical simulation experiment device of claim 1, wherein: at least one of the fixed plate (11) and the movable plate (8) is a transparent fixed plate (16).
6. The two-way dynamic physical simulation experiment device according to claim 5, wherein: the movable plate (8) is a transparent fixed plate (16).
7. The two-way dynamic physical simulation experiment device of claim 1, wherein: and sealing strips are arranged at the movable contact parts of the movable plate (8) and the fixed plate (16).
8. An experimental method using the bidirectional dynamical physical simulation experimental device for a hypergravity environment of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) before the centrifuge (1) operates and under the normal gravity environment, experimental materials are laid in an experimental box (5), an experimental device is arranged in a centrifuge basket (2) and is connected with a conducting wire and a signal wire (20);
(2) presetting the rotating speed or the gravity value of the centrifugal machine (1), and starting the centrifugal machine (1) until the operation of the centrifugal machine reaches the set rotating speed or the gravity value, wherein the hanging basket rotates and is in a horizontal state; starting a computer (22), setting the movement speed and the movement distance of the movable plate (8), driving the movable plate (8) to start to move by a power device, and starting to deform the experimental material in the experimental box (5);
(3) recording deformation data of the test material in the test box (5) while the movable plate (8) moves;
(4) when the movement rate and the movement distance of the movable plate (8) reach preset values, the movement is stopped, the centrifuge (1) is closed, the centrifuge basket (2) is recovered to be in a vertical suspension state, the experimental device in the basket is taken out, and the recorded deformation data is subjected to experimental study.
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| CN112945739B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2022-05-17 | 南京大学 | Supergravity experimental device and experimental method for interaction of brittleness and ductile deformation |
| CN112750356A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-05-04 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Sand box model, physical simulation method and system for stretching deformation and application |
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