CN109153189A - 焊接模制体的方法 - Google Patents

焊接模制体的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109153189A
CN109153189A CN201780029719.XA CN201780029719A CN109153189A CN 109153189 A CN109153189 A CN 109153189A CN 201780029719 A CN201780029719 A CN 201780029719A CN 109153189 A CN109153189 A CN 109153189A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
channel
moulded parts
thermoplastic polymer
engaging zones
temperature
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Granted
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CN201780029719.XA
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English (en)
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CN109153189B (zh
Inventor
S·莫切夫
U·恩德曼
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/103Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined direct heating both surfaces to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001Joining in special atmospheres
    • B29C66/0012Joining in special atmospheres characterised by the type of environment
    • B29C66/0014Gaseous environments
    • B29C66/00141Protective gases
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/034Thermal after-treatments
    • B29C66/0342Cooling, e.g. transporting through welding and cooling zone
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114Single butt joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142Single butt to butt joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/302Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators
    • B29C66/3022Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30223Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined said melt initiators being rib-like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73115Melting point
    • B29C66/73116Melting point of different melting point, i.e. the melting point of one of the parts to be joined being different from the melting point of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73117Tg, i.e. glass transition temperature
    • B29C66/73118Tg, i.e. glass transition temperature of different glass transition temperature, i.e. the glass transition temperature of one of the parts to be joined being different from the glass transition temperature of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7377General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
    • B29C66/73771General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being amorphous
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7377General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
    • B29C66/73771General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being amorphous
    • B29C66/73772General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being amorphous the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being amorphous
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7377General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
    • B29C66/73773General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7377General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
    • B29C66/73773General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
    • B29C66/73774General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种将第一模制件(1a)焊接到第二模制件(1b)的方法。为此,使用具有第一外部区域(6a)和第二外部区域(6b)的工具(5),其中第一外部区域(6a)包括通道(7a)并且第二外部区域(6b)包括通道(7b)。第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)通过热气体加热,而端部(2a)与通道入口平面(14a)的距离(Xa)为通道(7a)外3mm至通道(7a)内10mm。第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)也通过热气体加热,而接合区域(2b)与通道入口平面(14b)的距离(Xb)为通道(7b)外3mm至通道(7b)内10mm。然后,使加热的端部(2a)和加热的接合区域(2b)彼此接触并冷却,并在第一模制体(1a)和第二模制体(1b)之间形成焊缝。本发明还涉及可根据本发明的方法获得的焊接模制体。

Description

焊接模制体的方法
本发明涉及一种将第一模制件(1a)焊接到第二模制件(1b)的方法。为此,使用具有第一外部区域(6a)和第二外部区域(6b)的工具(5),其中第一外部区域(6a)包括通道(7a)并且第二外部区域(6b)包括通道(7b)。第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)通过热气体加热,而端部(2a)的位置与通道入口平面(14a)的距离(Xa)为通道(7a)外3mm至通道(7a)内10mm。第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)同样通过热气体加热,而接合区域(2b)的位置与通道入口平面(14b)的距离(Xb)为通道(7b)外3mm至通道(7b)内10mm。然后,使加热的端部(2a)和加热的接合区域(2b)彼此接触并冷却,并在第一模制件(1a)和第二模制件(1b)之间形成焊缝。本发明还涉及可通过本发明的方法获得的焊接模制件。
制备复杂模制件(例如中空模制件)需要将两个或更多个模制件彼此焊接在一起。现有技术记载了用于此目的的各种方法。
DE 692 13 849记载了一种通过将温热气体吹到材料上来焊接热塑性材料的方法。此处,通过将包含氦气、氮气和/或氩气的热惰性气体吹入两个片材之间的区域,将两片热塑性材料彼此焊接在一起。因此,两个片材之间的区域的温度升高并且形成焊缝。
DE 692 13 849中记载的方法的缺点在于难以控制热气体的温度,因此也难以控制两个片材所加热到的温度;这有时会导致过热并因此导致热塑性材料的降解。此外,难以实现对片材之间热气体的通道的局部限制。
DE 100 19 300记载了一种在需要粘接的两个塑料部件之间引入的工具。通过使用辐射热和热惰性气体流,所述工具可以实现待焊接的塑料部件区域的无接触加热。
EP 1 415 789记载了一种类似于DE 100 19 300中的方法。此处,同样使用一种工具,其首先使用辐射热并其次使用热气体,以将热量传递到需要焊接的模制件区域。EP 1415 789中记载的工具与DE 100 19 300中记载的工具类似。
DE 100 19 300和EP 1 415 789中记载的方法的缺点在于,用于粘接工艺的孔是喷嘴孔,并且这些孔仅在离散点处加热焊接区域。因此,不可能实现焊接区域的均匀加热。相反,可能发生包含在塑料部件中的聚合物的局部过热和局部降解;同时,存在其中塑料部件和包含在其中的聚合物分别不能充分熔融的焊接区域,并因此在这些位置处形成的焊接较弱。如果需要焊接的模制件还表现出翘曲,则会加剧不均匀的加热。沿焊接区域的最终温度变化导致聚合物的不同熔融程度;这导致沿焊缝的质量变化。
DE 10 2007 026 163记载了一种用于焊接热塑性部件的工具和方法。此处,借助于所述工具通过辐射热并同时通过对流用热气体处理来加热塑料制品。使用气体-空气混合物作为热气体。定位塑料部件,使得接合区域的位置在空气流出孔上方。
US 2011/0024038同样记载了一种用于焊接两个塑料部件的工具和方法。同样,该方法首先将两个塑料部件定位于喷嘴上方;然后将热空气从喷嘴吹到彼此待粘接的位置处。然后,在压力下使接合区域彼此接触,从而将塑料部件彼此焊接在一起。
US 4,094,725同样记载了一种通过热气体焊接热塑性部件的方法。此处,塑料部件分别位于喷嘴上方,通过气体加热并最终压制在一起。
US4,450,038涉及一种用于焊接热塑性部件的工具和方法,其中热塑性部件的两种材料的软化点不同。焊接通过喷嘴吹出的热空气实现。
DE 10 2007 026 163、US 2011/0024038、US 4,094,725和US 4,450,038中记载的方法和工具与DE 10019300和EP 1 415 789记载的方法和工具类似。此处的缺点在于,用于加热焊接区域的孔为喷嘴孔,这些孔仅能在离散点处加热焊接区域。由于不可能通过喷嘴孔均匀加热焊接区域,因此可能发生包含在塑料部件中的聚合物的局部过热和局部降解。同时,存在其中塑料部件不能充分熔融的焊接区域,因此在这些位置处形成的焊接较弱。另外,在这些方法中,模制件可能的翘曲又加剧了不均匀的加热。这额外导致了沿焊缝的质量变化。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种方法,该方法旨在将第一模制件焊接到第二模制件上,并且不具有上述现有技术的方法的缺点,或者仅具有降低程度的缺点。此外,该方法旨在非常简单且廉价地实施。
所述目的通过一种将第一模制件(1a)焊接到第二模制件(1b)的方法实现,
其中第一模制件(1a)包括第一侧面区域(3a)、第二侧面区域(4a)和包含第一热塑性聚合物的端部(2a),且
其中第二模制件(1b)包括包含第二热塑性聚合物的接合区域(2b),
该方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供第一模制件(1a),
b)提供第二模制件(1b),
c)提供具有第一外部区域(6a)和第二外部区域(6b)的工具(5),
其中第一外部区域(6a)包括通道(7a),并且其中通道(7a)具有底板(10a)、具有第一最高点(12a)的第一通道壁(8a)和具有第二最高点(13a)的第二通道壁(9a),其中底板(10a)包括用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a),其中通道入口平面(14a)穿过第一最高点(12a)平行于第一外部区域(6a),并且其中外部通道区域(17a)的位置在从第一最高点(12a)沿垂直于通道入口平面(14a)方向上的投影线(15a)和从第二最高点(13a)沿垂直于通道入口平面(14a)方向上的投影线(16a)之间,
其中第二外部区域(6b)包括通道(7b),并且通道(7b)具有底板(10b)、具有第一最高点(12b)的第一通道壁(8b)和具有第二高点(13b)的第二通道壁(9b),其中底板(10b)包括用于将气体引入通道(7b)的装置(11b),其中通道入口平面(14b)穿过第一最高点(12b)平行于第二外部区域(6b),并且其中外部通道区域(17b)的位置在从第一最高点(12b)沿垂直于通道入口平面(14b)的方向上的投影线(15b)和从第二最高点(13b)沿垂直于通道入口平面(14b)的方向上的投影线(16b)之间,
d)定位第一模制件(1a),其中
端部(2a)与通道入口平面(14a)在垂直于通道入口平面(14a)的方向上的距离(Xa)为通道(7a)外3mm至通道(7a)内10mm,其中
如果距离(Xa)为通道(7a)外>0mm至3mm,则端部(2a)的位置至少在一定程度上在外部通道区域(17a)中,
并且如果距离(Xa)为通道(7a)内0至10mm,则第一侧面区域(3a)与第一通道壁(8a)的最小距离(Y1a)为0.2至5mm,且第二侧面区域(4a)与第二通道壁(9a)的最小距离(Y2a)为0.2至5mm,
e)定位第二模制件(1b),其中
接合区域(2b)与通道入口平面(14b)在垂直于通道入口平面(14b)方向上的距离(Xb)为通道(7b)外3mm至通道(7b)内10mm,其中
如果距离(Xb)为通道(7b)外>0mm至3mm,则接合区域(2b)至少在一定程度上位于外部通道区域(17b)中,
并且如果距离(Xb)为通道(7b)内0至10mm,则第二模制件(1b)另外具有第一侧面区域(3b)和第二侧面区域(4b),并且第一侧面区域(3b)与第一通道壁(8b)的最小距离(Y1b)为0.2至5mm,并且第二侧面区域(4b)与第二通道壁(9b)的最小距离(Y2b)为0.2至5mm,
f)通过用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)引入热气体,其中第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)的温度升高,并且其中包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物熔融,
g)通过用于将气体引入通道(7b)的装置(11b)引入热气体,其中第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)的温度升高,并且其中包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物熔融,
h)从步骤d)中获得的位置移出第一模制件(1a),
i)从步骤e)中获得的位置移出第二模制件(1b),
j)使第一模制件(1a)的加热的端部(2a)与第二模制件(1b)的加热的接合区域(2b)接触,并且在加热的端部(2a)和加热的接合区域(2b)彼此接触的同时,使第一模制件(1a)的加热的端部(2a)和第二模制件(1b)的加热的接合区域(2b)冷却,以在第一模制件(1a)和第二模制件(1b)之间形成焊缝。
令人惊讶地,已经发现,使用本发明的方法可以实现第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)和第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)的更均匀的加热;从而获得更好的焊接质量。更好的焊接质量源自步骤f)中第一热塑性聚合物和步骤g)中第二热塑性聚合物的更好的熔融均匀性;这分别得到了更均匀的熔体层厚度,然后使焊接厚度特别均匀。特别地,获得的机械强度高于现有技术中记载的类型的方法。
此外,本发明的方法可以比现有技术中记载的方法更快地进行,因此比现有技术中记载的方法具有更短的周期时间。
就本发明而言,表述“周期时间”意指从步骤d)和e)中第一模制件(1a)和第二模制件(1b)的定位开始到步骤j)中第一模制件(1a)和第二模制件(1b)之间产生焊缝的时间段。
如果步骤d)中第一模制件(1a)和步骤e)中的第二模制件(1b)的定位不同时进行,则表述“定位开始”意指从首先定位的模制件的定位的开始。因此,表述“周期时间”意指从首先定位的模制件的定位开始到步骤j)中第一模制件(1a)和第二模制件(1b)之间产生焊缝的时间段。
本发明方法中的周期时间为例如5至40s(秒)、优选5至25s并且特别优选5至20s。
下面更详细地解释本发明的方法。
步骤a)
在步骤a)中,提供第一模制件(1a)。
在本发明中,第一模制件(1a)包括第一侧面区域(3a)、第二侧面区域(4a)和端部(2a)。端部(2a)包含第一热塑性聚合物。
就本发明而言,表述“第一热塑性聚合物”意指恰好一种第一热塑性聚合物或两种或更多种第一热塑性聚合物的混合物。
本领域技术人员已知的任何热塑性聚合物都适于作为第一热塑性聚合物。优选第一热塑性聚合物选自无定形热塑性聚合物和半结晶热塑性聚合物。
因此,第一热塑性聚合物例如选自聚酰胺、聚甲醛、聚砜、聚亚苯基砜和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物选自聚酰胺、聚甲醛、聚砜、聚亚苯基砜和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯。
第一热塑性聚合物通常具有玻璃化转变温度(TG1)。第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1)为例如50至350℃、优选150至270℃并且特别优选170至240℃,通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1)为50至350℃。
如果第一热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则第一热塑性聚合物通常另外具有熔点(TM1)。第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1)为例如80至400℃、优选140至320℃并且特别优选160至300℃,通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中如果第一热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1)为80至400℃。
第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)不仅可包含第一热塑性聚合物,还可包含其他组分。这些其他组分是本领域技术人员已知的,并且例如选自填料和添加剂。
合适的填料是本领域技术人员已知的用于热塑性聚合物的任何填料。这些填料的实例选自玻璃珠、玻璃纤维、碳纤维、碳纳米管和白垩。
合适的添加剂同样是本领域技术人员已知的,并且例如选自抗成核剂、稳定剂、端基官能化剂和染料。
第一模制件(1a)优选包含第一热塑性聚合物。特别优选地,包含在第一模制件(1a)中的组分与包含在端部(2a)中的组分相同。因此,如果端部(2a)不仅包含第一热塑性聚合物而且包含其他组分,则优选第一模制件(1a)同样不仅包含第一热塑性聚合物而且包含其他组分。
以上陈述和优选相应地适用于第一热塑性聚合物和其他组分的重量百分比。
第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)的形状可以是本领域技术人员已知的任何形状。例如,端部(2a)可以是平的、有角度的或线性的。因此,端部(2a)例如具有扁平形状、线性形状或有角度的形状。
例如,如果第一侧面区域(3a)、第二侧面区域(4a)和端部(2a)一起形成肋部,则端部(2a)是平的。
如果第一侧面区域(3a)、第二侧面区域(4a)和端部(2a)一起形成凸起形状(例如具有半圆形横截面),则端部是线性的。
如果第一侧面区域(3a)和第二侧面区域(4a)彼此呈锐角相交,则端部(2a)的形状例如是有角度的。
第一侧面区域(3a)和第二侧面区域(4a)的形状同样可以是本领域技术人员已知的任何形状。优选第一侧面区域(3a)和第二侧面区域(4a)的形状是平的。特别地,本文优选第一侧面区域(3a)的取向基本上平行于第二侧面区域(4a)。
就本发明而言,表述“基本上平行”不仅意指第一侧面区域(3a)和第二侧面区域(4a)为精确平行取向,还意指与平行取向成至多30°、优选至多15°并且特别优选至多1°的偏差。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中第一模制件(1a)的第一侧面区域(3a)的取向基本上平行于第一模制件(1a)的第二侧面区域(4a)。
此外,优选端部(2a)的形状是平的,并且第一侧面区域(3a)的取向基本上垂直于端部(2a),并且第二侧面区域(4a)的取向基本上垂直于端部(2a)。在该实施方案中,优选第一侧面区域(3a)、第二侧面区域(4a)和端部(2a)形成第一模制件(1a)的肋部。
此外,本发明提供一种方法,其中第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)的形状是平的,并且第一模制件(1a)的第一侧面区域(3a)和第二侧面区域(4a)的取向分别基本上垂直于端部(2a)。
就本发明而言,表述“基本上垂直”不仅意指第一侧面区域(3a)相对于端部(2a)为精确垂直取向,还意指与垂直取向成至多+/-30°、优选至多+/-15°并且特别优选至多+/-1°的偏差。
相应的陈述适用于第二侧面区域(4a)相对于端部(2a)的基本上垂直取向。
第一模制件(1a)可以在步骤a)中通过本领域技术人员已知的任何方法(例如通过注塑、挤出或吹塑)提供。
这些方法本身是本领域技术人员已知的。
步骤b)
在步骤b)中,提供第二模制件(1b)。第二模制件(1b)包括接合区域(2b)。该接合区域(2b)包含第二热塑性聚合物。
就本发明而言,表述“第二热塑性聚合物”意指恰好一种第二热塑性聚合物或两种或更多种第二热塑性聚合物的混合物。
以上关于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的陈述和优选相应地适用于包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物选自聚酰胺、聚甲醛、聚砜、聚亚苯基砜和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物选自聚酰胺、聚甲醛、聚砜、聚苯砜和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯,和/或包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物选自聚酰胺、聚甲醛、聚砜、聚苯砜和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯。
特别优选包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物和包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物相同。因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物和包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物相同。
如果第一热塑性聚合物和第二热塑性聚合物相同,则这意指第一热塑性聚合物是与第二热塑性聚合物相同的热塑性聚合物。特别优选第一热塑性聚合物和第二热塑性聚合物通过相同的方法制备,因此具有相同的性质,例如相同的熔点、相同的分子量分布、相同的分子量和相同的熔体粘度。
第二热塑性聚合物通常具有玻璃化转变温度(TG2)。第二热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG2)为例如50至350℃、优选150至270℃并且特别优选170至240℃,通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中第二热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG2)为50至350℃。
如果第二热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则第二热塑性聚合物通常另外具有熔点(TM2)。第二热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM2)为例如80至400℃、优选140至320℃并且特别优选160至300℃,通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中如果第二热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则第二热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM2)为80至400℃。
第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)不仅可包含第二热塑性聚合物,还可包含其他组分。以上对于任选地包含在端部(2a)中的其他组分的陈述和优选相应地适用于任选地包含在接合区域(2b)中的其他组分。第二模制件(1b)优选包含第二热塑性聚合物。特别优选地,包含在第二模制件(1b)中的组分与包含在接合区域(2b)中的组分相同。因此,如果接合区域(2b)不仅包含第二热塑性聚合物而且包含其他组分,则优选第二模制件(1b)同样不仅包含第二热塑性聚合物而且包含其他组分。
优选第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)的形状是平的。
优选第二模制件(1b)还具有第一侧面区域(3b)和第二侧面区域(4b)。以上关于第一模制件(1a)的第一侧面区域(3a)和第二侧面区域(4a)的陈述和优选相应地适用于第一侧面区域(3b)和第二侧面区域(4b)。
在该实施方案中,第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)对应第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)。在该实施方案中,因此,以上对于第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)的陈述和优选相应地适用于第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中第二模制件(1b)的第一侧面区域(3b)的取向基本上平行于第二模制件(1b)的第二侧面区域(4b)。
就本发明而言,表述“基本上平行”不仅意指第一侧面区域(3b)和第二侧面区域(4b)为精确平行取向,而且意指与平行取向成至多30°、优选至多15°并且特别优选至多1°的偏差。
此外,本发明提供一种方法,其中第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)的形状是平的,并且第二模制件(1b)的第一侧面区域(3b)和第二侧面区域(4b)的取向分别基本上垂直于接合区域(2b)。
就本发明的目的,表述“基本上垂直”意指第一侧面区域(3b)和第二侧面区域(4b)的取向分别相互独立地精确垂直于接合区域(3b)或与精确垂直取向的偏差可以分别为至多+/-30°、优选至多+/-15°并且特别优选至多+/-1°。
图1a至1e以示例的方式示出了本发明的模制件1。图1a至1e中相同的附图标记具有相同的含义。在图1a至1d中,模制件具有第一侧面区域3、第二侧面区域4和端部2。显而易见的是,如果图1a至1e所示的模制件是第二模制件(1b),则端部2对应于接合区域(2b)。
在图1a和1d中,端部2的形状分别是平的。第一侧面区域3和第二侧面区域4的取向彼此平行,并且分别垂直于端部2。在图1a中,第一侧面区域3、第二侧面区域4和端部2一起形成模制件1的肋部。
在图1b中,端部2的形状是线性的。第一侧面区域3、第二侧面区域4和端部2一起形成凸起形状。
在图1c中,端部2的形状是有角度的。第一侧面区域3和第二侧面区域4在端部2处彼此呈锐角相交。
图1e中所示的模制件1仅具有接合区域2。因此,它是第二模制件(1b)。接合区域2可以为图1e中的附图标记2表示的整个区域;接合区域同样可以仅包含该区域的一部分。
步骤c)
在步骤c)中,提供工具(5)。工具(5)具有第一外部区域(6a)和第二外部区域(6b)。
第一外部区域(6a)包括通道(7a)。通道(7a)具有底板(10a)、具有第一最高点(12a)的第一通道壁(8a)和具有第二最高点(13a)的第二通道壁(9a)。底板(10a)包括用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)。通道入口平面(14a)穿过第一最高点(12a)平行于第一外部区域(6a)。外部通道区域(17a)的位置在从第一最高点(12a)沿垂直于通道入口平面(14a)的方向上的投影线(15a)和从第二最高点(13a)沿垂直于通道入口平面(14a)的方向上的投影线(16a)之间。
该布置可以具有在第一外部区域(6a)上方或者至少在一定程度上在第一外部区域(6a)内的通道(7a)。如果该布置在第一外部区域(6a)上方具有通道,则第一通道壁(8a)和第二通道壁(9a)例如在第一外部区域(6a)上例如通过焊接固定,从而形成通道(7a)。
从第一最高点(12a)沿垂直于通道入口平面(14a)的方向上的投影线(15a)是垂直于通道入口平面(14a)并穿过第一最高点(12a)的直线。
相应的考虑适用于从第二最高点(13a)沿垂直于通道入口平面(14a)的方向上的投影线(16a)。从第二最高点(13a)沿垂直于通道入口平面(14a)的方向上的投影线(16a)是垂直于通道入口平面(14a)并穿过第二最高点(13a)的直线。
第一通道壁(8a)的第一最高点(12a)是在垂直方向上最远离第一外部区域(6a)的通道(7a)的底板(10a)的平面的点,即在垂直方向上距离底板(10a)的平面具有最大距离的点。如果第一通道壁(8a)具有两个或更多个最高点,则第一最高点(12a)是与通道(7a)具有最小距离的最高点。
相应的考虑适用于第二最高点(13a)。
第二通道壁(9a)的第二最高点(13a)是在垂直方向上最远离第一外部区域(6a)的通道(7a)的底板(10a)的平面的点,即在垂直方向上距离底板(10a)的平面具有最大距离的点。
如果第二通道壁(9a)具有两个或更多个最高点,则第二最高点(13a)是与通道(7a)具有最小距离的最高点。
如果第一最高点(12a)和第二最高点(13a)与底板(10a)的平面在垂直方向上的距离不同,则第一最高点(12a)为与底板(10a)的平面在垂直方向上表现出较小距离的最高点。与底板(10a)的平面在垂直方向上表现出较大距离的最高点为第二最高点(13a)。
第一最高点(12a)与底板(10a)的平面在垂直方向上的距离为例如2至30mm、优选5至20mm并且特别优选11至15mm。
对于第一最高点(12a)与底板(10a)的平面在垂直方向上的距离,还使用术语通道深度。因此,通道深度为例如2至30mm、优选5至20mm并且特别优选11至15mm。
第二最高点(12a)与底板(10a)的平面在垂直方向上的距离为例如2至30mm、优选5至20mm并且特别优选11至15mm。
通道(7a)的底板(10a)可以具有本领域技术人员已知的任何形状。例如,其形状可以为平面的或曲面的。优选地,底板(10a)的形状为平面的,即平的。
在本发明中,底板(10a)的平面是平行于通道入口平面(14a)并穿过中心线(Ma)与底板(10a)相交的点的平面,其中中心线(Ma)垂直地穿过通道入口平面(14a)并分别与第一最高点(12a)的投影线(15a)和第二最高点(13a)的投影线(16a)等距。此外,中心线(Ma)平行于投影线(15a)和投影线(16a)。
本领域技术人员清楚的是,如果中心线(Ma)穿过用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)并且因此如果没有中心线(Ma)与底板(10a)相交的点,则假设中心线(Ma)与底板(10a)的交点位于底板(10a)上如果不包括用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)时它所在的位置。
在本发明中,底板(10a)包括用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)。
用于将气体引入通道(7a)的合适装置(11a)为本领域技术人员已知的适合于引入气体的任何装置(11a),实例为喷嘴、孔和/或狭缝。
用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)通常具有最高点。
用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)的最高点位于通道内。用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)的最高点为在垂直于通道入口平面(14a)的方向上显示出与通道入口平面(14a)最小距离的用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)的点。特别优选地,用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)的最高点在通道(7a)内在垂直于通道入口平面(14a)方向上与通道入口平面(14a)的距离>10mm处。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)的最高点在垂直于通道入口平面(14a)方向上与通道入口平面(14a)的距离为1mm至8.5mm处。
显而易见的是,用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)的最高点与通道入口平面(14a)在垂直于通道入口平面(11a)的方向上的距离通常较大,使得在步骤(d)中的定位期间,第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)不接触用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)的最高点。
因此,还优选用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)的最高点与通道入口平面(14a)在垂直于通道入口平面(11a)的方向上的距离较大,使得在步骤(d)中第一模制件(1a)的定位期间,第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)与用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)的最高点在垂直于通道入口平面(14a)的方向上的距离为至少0.5mm。
优选地,第一通道壁(8a)的取向基本上平行于第二通道壁(9a)。
就本发明而言,表述“基本上平行”意指第一通道壁(8a)和第二通道壁(9a)精确地平行取向,或与平行取向成至多30°、优选至多15°并且最优选至多1°的偏差。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中第一外部区域(6a)的通道(7a)的第一通道壁(8a)的取向基本上平行于第一外部区域(6a)的通道(7a)的第二通道壁(9a)。
此外,优选第一通道壁(8a)的取向基本上垂直于底板(10a)的平面。同样优选第二通道壁(9a)的取向基本上垂直于底板(10a)的平面。
此外,本发明还提供一种方法,其中通道(7a)的第一通道壁(8a)的取向基本上垂直于底板(10a)的平面,并且通道(7a)的第二通道壁(9a)的取向基本上垂直于底板(10a)的平面。
特别优选地,底板(10a)的形状是平的,并且第一通道壁(8a)和第二通道壁(9a)的取向分别基本上垂直于底板(10a)。
就本发明而言,表述“基本上垂直”意指第一通道壁(8a)和第二通道壁(9a)分别相互独立地相对于底板(10a)的平面精确垂直取向,或分别相互独立地与垂直取向成至多+/-30°、优选至多+/-15°并且特别优选至多+/-1°的偏差。
第一通道壁(8a)、第二通道壁(9a)和底板(10a)可由适于在实施本发明方法的温度下使用的任何材料组成。
此外,第一通道壁(8a)、第二通道壁(9a)和底板(10a)可以是可加热的。
在本发明中,第二外部区域(6b)包括通道(7b)。通道(7b)具有底板(10b)、具有第一最高点(12b)的第一通道壁(8b)和具有第二最高点(13b)的第二通道壁(9b)。底板(10b)包括用于将气体引入通道(7b)的装置(11b)。通道入口平面(14b)穿过第一最高点(12b),并平行于第二外部区域(6b)。外部通道区域(17b)的位置在第一最高点(12b)沿垂直于通道入口平面(14b)的方向上的投影线(15b)和第二最高点(13b)沿垂直于通道入口平面(14b)的方向上的投影线(16b)之间。
以上关于第一外部区域(6a)的陈述和优选相应地适用于第二外部区域(6b)。
以上关于通道(7a)的陈述和优选同样相应地适用于通道(7b)。相应的考虑适用于底板(10b)、具有第一最高点(12b)的第一通道壁(8b)、具有第二最高点(13b)的第二通道壁(9b)和用于将气体引入通道(7b)的装置(11b)。这些相应地适用以上关于底板(10a)、具有第一最高点(12a)的第一通道壁(8a)、具有第二高点(13a)的第二通道壁(9a)和用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)的陈述和优选。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中第二外部区域(6b)的通道(7b)的第一通道壁(8b)的取向基本上平行于第二外部区域(6b)的通道(7b)的第二通道壁(9b)。
就本发明而言,表述“基本上平行”意指第一通道壁(8b)和第二通道壁(9b)为精确平行取向,或与平行取向成至多30°、优选至多15°并且特别优选至多1°的偏差。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中第一外部区域(6a)的通道(7a)的第一通道壁(8a)的取向基本上平行于第一外部区域(6a)的通道(7a)的第二通道壁(9a)和/或第二外部区域(6b)的通道(7b)的第一通道壁(8b)的取向基本上平行于第二外部区域(6b)的通道(7b)的第二通道壁(9b)。
此外,本发明提供一种方法,其中通道(7b)的第一通道壁(8b)的取向基本上垂直于底板(10b)的平面,并且通道(7b)的第二通道壁(9b)的取向基本上垂直于底板(10b)的平面。
就本发明而言,表述“基本上垂直”意指第一通道壁(8b)和第二通道壁(9b)分别相互独立地相对于底板(10b)的平面为精确垂直取向,或分别相互独立地与垂直取向成至多+/-30°、优选至多+/-15°并且特别优选至多+/-1°的偏差。
在本发明中优选的是,在步骤c)中提供的工具(5)的第一外部区域(6a)与工具(5)的第二外部区域(6b)相对。因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中在步骤c)中提供的工具(5)的第一外部区域(6a)与工具(5)的第二外部区域(6b)相对。
术语“相对”意指在空间上相对。特别地,本文优选第一外部区域(6a)的取向基本上平行于第二外部区域(6b)。
就本发明而言,表述“基本上平行”意指第一外部区域(6a)与第二外部区域(6b)为精确平行取向,或与平行取向成至多30°、优选至多15°并且特别优选至多1°的偏差。
在第一外部区域(6a)和第二外部区域(6b)之间通常存在连接件。例如,中心部分(20)将第一外部区域(6a)连接到第二外部区域(6b)。中心部分(20)的形状可为所需要的,并且所述部分可以例如包括允许将气体引入用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)和用于将气体引入通道(7b)的装置(11b)的装置。此外,中心部分(20)还可以例如包括加热气体和/或第一外部区域(6a),第二外部区域(6b)以及任选地第一通道壁(8a)、(8b),第二通道壁(9a)、(9b)和/或底板(10a)、(10b)的加热板。
此外,在本发明中优选的是,该布置具有与第二外部区域(6b)的通道(7b)相对的第一外部区域(6a)的通道(7a)。
图2a和2b示出了示例性的工具5。图2a和2b中的相同附图标记具有相同的含义。在图2a中,该布置具有在第一外部区域6a上方的通道7a,该布置同样具有在第二外部区域6b上方的通道7b。第一外部区域6a与第二外部区域6b相对;通道7a同样与通道7b相对。通道7a、7b分别包括具有第一最高点12a、12b的第一通道壁8a、8b和具有第二最高点13a、13b的第二通道壁9a、9b。第一通道壁8a、8b和第二通道壁9a、9b分别被施加到第一外部区域6a和第二外部区域6b。底板10a、10b分别包括用于引入气体的装置11a、11b。通道入口平面由附图标记14a和14b表示。
在图2b中,与图2a不同,通道7a、7b的位置分别在第一外部区域6a和第二外部区域6b的内部。
在图2a和2b中,中心部分20将第一外部区域6a连接到第二外部区域6b。以上陈述和优选适用于中心部分20。
图3a至3d示出了示例性的通道7。图3a至3d中的相同附图标记具有相同的含义。图3a至3d中所示的通道可以属于第一外部区域(6a)或属于第二外部区域(6b)。
图3a中所示的通道7包括第一通道壁8和第二通道壁9。第一通道壁8的取向平行于第二通道壁9。底板10包括用于将气体引入通道7的装置11。第一通道壁8包括多个最高点。第一最高点12为最接近通道7的最高点。第二通道壁9相应地也包括多个最高点。第二高点13为最接近通道7的最高点。同样示出了穿过第一最高点12垂直于通道入口平面14的投影线15,以及穿过第二最高点13垂直于通道入口平面14的投影线16。外部通道区域17的位置在投影线15和投影线16之间。相应的陈述适用于图3b和3c。图3b和3c的通道7与图3a的通道7的不同之处在于,通道壁8和9处于不同的角度,因此彼此不平行并且不垂直于底板10的平面。
图3d中所示的通道具有凸出的通道壁8、9。第一通道壁8恰好具有一个第一最高点12;第二通道壁9同样恰好具有一个第二最高点13。同样示出了从第一最高点12垂直于通道入口平面14的投影线15,以及从第二最高点13垂直于通道入口平面14的投影线16。外部通道区域17的位置在投影线15和投影线16之间。
步骤d)
在步骤d)中,定位第一模制件(1a)。在垂直于通道入口平面(14a)的方向上,端部(2a)和通道入口平面(14a)之间存在距离(Xa)。本发明中的距离(Xa)为通道(7a)外3mm至通道(7a)内10mm。距离(Xa)优选为通道(7a)内0至10mm且特别优选为通道(7a)内0.5至8mm。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中在步骤d)中定位第一模制件(1a),使得距离(Xa)为通道(7a)内0至10mm。
显而易见的是,通道(7a)内的距离(Xa)总是小于通道(7a)的深度。
如果距离(Xa)为通道(7a)外>0mm至3mm,则端部(2a)的位置至少在一定程度上在外部通道区域(17a)中。优选端部(2a)的位置完全在外部通道区域(17a)中。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中在步骤d)中定位第一模制件(1a),使得如果距离(Xa)为通道(7a)外>0mm至3mm,则端部(2a)的位置完全在外部通道区域(17a)中。
就本发明而言,在上下文中的术语“完全”意指整个端部(2a)的位置在外部通道区域(17a)中。
如果距离(Xa)为通道(7a)内0至10mm,则第一侧面区域(3a)与第一通道壁(8a)的最小距离(Y1a)为0.2至5mm。在这种情况下,第二侧面区域(4a)与第二通道壁(9a)的最小距离(Y2a)为0.2至5mm。
最小距离(Y1a)优选为0.5至4mm并且特别优选为1至3mm。
最小距离(Y2a)优选为0.5至4mm并且特别优选为1至3mm。
第一侧面区域(3a)与第一通道壁(8a)的最小距离(Y1a)为第一侧面区域(3a)和第一通道壁(8a)之间的最小距离。
相应的考虑适用于最小距离(Y2a)。第二侧面区域(4a)与第二通道壁(9a)的最小距离(Y2a)为第二侧面区域(4a)和第二通道壁(9a)之间的最小距离。
因此,在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,这样进行以下步骤d):
d)定位第一模制件(1a),
其中,端部(2a)与通道入口平面(14a)在垂直于通道入口平面(14a)的方向上的距离(Xa)为通道(7a)内0至10mm,
其中,第一侧面区域(3a)与第一通道壁(8a)的最小距离(Y1a)为0.2至5mm、优选0.5至4mm并且特别优选1至3mm,和
其中,第二侧面区域(4a)与第二通道壁(9a)的最小距离(Y2a)为0.2至5mm、优选0.5至4mm并且特别优选1至3mm。
因此,本发明还提供了一种方法,这样进行以下步骤d):
d)定位第一模制件(1a),
其中,端部(2a)与通道入口平面(14a)在垂直于通道入口平面(14a)的方向上的距离(Xa)为通道(7a)内0至10mm,
其中,第一侧面区域(3a)与第一通道壁(8a)的最小距离(Y1a)为0.2至5mm,和
其中,第二侧面区域(4a)与第二通道壁(9a)的最小距离(Y2a)为0.2至5mm。
步骤e)
在步骤e)中,定位第二模制件(1b)。接合区域(2b)和通道入口平面(14b)在垂直于通道入口平面(14b)方向上存在距离(Xb)。本发明中的距离(Xb)为通道(7b)外3mm至通道(7b)内10mm。距离(Xb)优选为通道(7b)内0至10mm且特别优选为通道(7b)内0.5至8mm。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中在步骤e)中定位第二模制件(1b),使得距离(Xb)为通道(7b)内0至10mm。
如果距离(Xb)为通道(7b)外>0mm至3mm,则接合区域(2b)的位置至少在一定程度上在外部通道区域(17b)中。优选接合区域(2b)的位置完全在外部通道区域(17b)中。
在本文中,术语“完全”意指整个接合区域(2b)的位置在外部通道区域(17b)中。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中在步骤e)中定位第二模制件(1b),使得如果距离(Xb)为通道(7b)外>0mm至3mm,则接合区域(2b)的位置完全在外部通道区域(17b)中。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中在步骤d)中定位第一模制件(1a),使得如果距离(Xa)为通道(7a)外>0mm至3mm,则端部(2a)的位置完全在外部通道区域(17a)中,和/或在步骤e)中定位第二模制件(1b),使得如果距离(Xb)为通道(7b)外>0mm至3mm,则接合区域(2b)的位置完全在外部通道区域(17b)中。
显而易见的是,通道(7b)内的距离(Xb)总是小于通道(7b)的深度。
如果距离(Xb)为通道(7b)内0至10mm,则第二模制件(1b)还具有第一侧面区域(3b)和第二侧面区域(4b)。在本发明的这种情况下,第一侧面区域(3b)与第一通道壁(8b)的最小距离(Y1b)为0.2至5mm。在这种情况下,第二侧面区域(4b)与第二通道壁(9b)的最小距离(Y2b)为0.2至5mm。
最小距离(Y1b)优选为0.5至4mm并且特别优选为1至3mm。
最小距离(Y2b)优选为0.5至4mm并且特别优选为1至3mm。
第一侧面区域(3b)与第一通道壁(8b)的最小距离(Y1b)为第一侧面区域(3b)和第一通道壁(8b)之间的最小距离。
相应的考虑适用于最小距离(Y2b)。第二侧面区域(4b)与第二通道壁(9b)的最小距离(Y2b)为第二侧面区域(4b)和第二通道壁(9b)之间的最小距离。
图4示出了示例性的模制件1,以及示例性的通道7;参考这些,示出了距离X以及距离Y1和Y2。
距离X为模制件1的端部2与通道入口平面14在垂直于通道入口平面14的方向上的距离。最小距离Y1为第一侧面区域3与第一通道壁8之间的最短距离。最小距离Y2为第二侧面区域4与第二通道壁9之间的最短距离。
步骤f)
在步骤f)中,通过将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)引入热气体。此时,第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)的温度升高,包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物熔融。
就本发明而言,表述“热气体”意指恰好一种热气体或两种或更多种热气体的混合物。
显而易见的是,在步骤f)中,端部(2a)周围的环境也可以被加热。当端部(2a)的形状为线性的或有角度的时尤其如此。
在该实施方案中,优选第一模制件(1a)包含第一热塑性聚合物,则在端部(2a)周围的环境中的第一热塑性聚合物熔融。
可以使用本领域技术人员已知的任何方法将热气体引入用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)。热气体通常通过中心部分(20)引入用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)。
合适的热气体是本领域技术人员已知的任何气体。这些气体例如选自CO2、N2和空气。
因此,本发明还提供了一种方法,其中在步骤f)中引入的热气体选自CO2、N2和空气。
就本发明而言,术语“空气”意指地球大气的气体混合物。该混合物是本领域技术人员已知的。
可以使用本领域技术人员已知的任何方法来加热热气体。例如,它可以通过中心部分(20)加热;同样可以在预先加热后引入。此外,例如可能的是,热气体为CO2,热气体通过碳氢化合物的燃烧原位生成,并且由于这个原因它是热的。
热气体的温度为例如100至600℃、优选250至500℃并且特别优选300至500℃。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中在步骤f)中引入的热气体的温度为100至600℃。
显而易见的是,在步骤f)中引入的热气体的温度是指由用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)中排出时的热气体的温度,即通道(7a)中的热气体的温度。
第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)可以在步骤f)中被加热到任何所需的温度(T1a)。温度(T1a)通常低于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的分解温度。如果第一热塑性聚合物为无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤f)中第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)被加热到的温度(T1a)优选地高于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1),并且如果第一热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则高于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1)。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中如果第一热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤f)中第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)的温度升高到的温度(T1a)高于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1),并且如果第一热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则高于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1)。
例如,如果第一热塑性聚合物为无定形热塑性聚合物,则第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)的温度升高到的温度(T1a)比包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1)高0至300℃、优选30至250℃并且特别优选60至200℃,并且如果第一热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则比包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1)高0至300℃、优选30至250℃并且特别优选60至200℃。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中如果第一热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤f)中第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)的温度升高到的温度(T1a)比包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1)高0至300℃,并且如果第一热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则比包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1)高0至300℃。
例如,第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)的温度升高到的温度(T1a)为100至500℃。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中在步骤f)中第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)的温度升高到的温度(T1a)为100至500℃。
第一热塑性聚合物在步骤f)中熔融。
就本发明而言,在第一热塑性聚合物的情况下以及同样在第二热塑性聚合物的情况下,表述“熔融”意指第一热塑性聚合物和第二热塑性聚合物分别为可流动的。
步骤g)
在步骤g)中,通过用于将气体引入通道(7b)的装置(11b)引入热气体。此时,第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)的温度升高,并且包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物熔融。
就本发明而言,表述“热气体”意指恰好一种热气体或两种或更多种热气体的混合物。
以上对于步骤f)的陈述和优选相应地适用于步骤g)。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中如果第二热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤g)中接合区域(2b)的温度升高到的温度(T1b)高于包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG2),并且如果第二热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则高于包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM2)。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中如果第一热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤f)中第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)的温度升高到的温度(T1a)高于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1),并且如果第一热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则高于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1),和/或如果第二热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤g)中接合区域(2b)的温度升高到的温度(T1b)高于包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG2),并且如果第二热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则高于包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM2)。
例如,如果第二热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)的温度升高到的温度(T1b)比包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG2)高0至300℃、优选30至250℃并且特别优选60至200℃,并且如果第二热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则比包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM2)高0至300℃、优选30至250℃并且特别优选60至200℃。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中如果第二热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤g)中第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)的温度升高到的温度(T1b)比包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG2)高0至300℃,并且如果第二热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则比包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM2)高0至300℃。
此外,本发明包括一种方法,其中如果第一热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤f)中模制件(1a)的端部(2a)的温度升高到的温度(T1a)比包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1)高0至300℃,并且如果第一热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则比包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1)高0至300℃,和/或如果第二热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤g)中第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)的温度升高到的温度(T1b)比包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG2)高0至300℃,并且如果第二热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则比包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM2)高0至300℃。
此外,本发明提供一种方法,其中在步骤g)中第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)的温度升高到的温度(T1b)为100至500℃。
此外,本发明提供一种方法,其中在步骤g)中引入的热气体选自CO2、N2和空气。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中在步骤f)中引入的热气体选自CO2、N2和空气和/或在步骤g)中引入的热气体选自CO2、N2和空气。
此外,本发明提供一种方法,其中在步骤g)中引入的热气体的温度为100至600℃。
此外,本发明提供一种方法,其中在步骤f)中引入的热气体的温度为100至600℃和/或在步骤g)中引入的热气体的温度为100到600℃。
显而易见的是,在步骤g)中引入的热气体的温度是指由用于将气体引入通道(7b)的装置(11b)排出时的热气体的温度,即通道(7b)中热气体的温度。
步骤h)和i)
在步骤h)中,从步骤d)中获得的位置移出第一模制件(1a)。在步骤i)中,从步骤e)中获得的位置移出第二模制件(1b)。
可以使用本领域技术人员已知的任何方法从步骤d)中获得的位置移出第一模制件(1a)和从步骤e)中获得的位置移出第二模制件(1b)。例如,可以分别从所述位置移动并移出第一模制件(1a)和第二模制件(1b)。同样可以移出工具(5),而不移动第一模制件(1a)和第二模制件(1b),并且因此将第一模制件(1a)和第二模制件(1b)从其位置移出。此外,可以从其位置移出第一模制件(1a)和/或第二模制件(1b),同时移出工具(5)。
这些方法本身是本领域技术人员已知的。
步骤j)
在步骤j)中,使第一模制件(1a)的加热的端部(2a)与第二模制件(1b)的加热的接合区域(2b)接触。加热的端部(2a)和加热的接合区域(2b)彼此接触的同时,使第一模制件(1a)的加热的端部(2a)和第二模制件(1b)的加热的接合区域(2b)冷却。本文中,在第一模制件(1a)和第二模制件(1b)之间形成焊缝。获得焊接模制件。
在本文中,表述“接触”意指第一模制件(1a)的加热的端部(2a)触碰到第二模制件(1b)的加热的接合区域(2b)。
第一模制件(1a)的加热的端部(2a)可以在压力下与第二模制件(1b)的加热的接合区域(2b)接触,使得第一模制件(1a)的加热的端部(2a)与第二模制件(1b)的加热的接合区域(2b)彼此压靠。用于此的方法是本领域技术人员已知的。
例如,第一模制件(1a)的加热的端部(2a)与第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)接触时的压力为0.1至10MPa、优选0.5至6MPa。
本领域技术人员已知的任何方法均可用于在步骤j)中冷却第一模制件(1a)的加热的端部(2a)和第二模制件(1b)的加热的接合区域(2b)。冷却可以例如在空气中或在水下进行。
优选的是,如果第一热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤j)中第一模制件(1a)的加热的端部(2a)被冷却到的温度(T2a)低于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1),并且如果第一热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则低于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1)。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中如果第一热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤j)中第一模制件(1a)的加热的端部(2a)被冷却到的温度(T2a)低于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1),并且如果第一热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则低于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1)。
例如,在步骤j)中第一模制件(1a)的加热的端部(2a)被冷却到的温度(T2a)为20至400℃。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中在步骤j)中第一模制件(1a)的加热的端部(2a)被冷却到的温度(T2a)为20至400℃。
显而易见的是,在步骤j)中加热的端部(2a)被冷却到的温度(T2a)低于在步骤f)中端部(2a)被加热到的温度(T1a)。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中在步骤j)中加热的端部(2a)被冷却到的温度(T2a)低于在步骤f)中端部(2a)被加热到的温度(T1a)。
优选的是,如果第二热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤j)中第二模制件(1b)的加热的接合区域(2b)被冷却到的温度(T2b)低于包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG2),并且如果第二热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则低于包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM2)。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中如果第二热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤j)中第二模制件(1b)的加热的接合区域(2b)被冷却到的温度(T2b)低于包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG2),并且如果第二热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则低于包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM2)。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中如果第一热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤j)中第一模制件(1a)的加热的端部(2a)被冷却到的温度(T2a)低于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1),并且如果第一热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则低于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1),和/或如果第二热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤j)中第二模制件(1b)的加热的接合区域(2b)被冷却到的温度(T2b)低于包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG2),并且如果第二热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则低于包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM2)。
在步骤j)中第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)被冷却到的温度(T2b)为例如20至400℃。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中在步骤j)中第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)被冷却到的温度(T2b)为20至400℃。
显而易见的是,在步骤j)中加热的接合区域(2b)被冷却到的温度(T2b)低于在步骤g)中接合区域(2b)被加热到的温度(T1b)。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中在步骤j)中加热的接合区域(2b)被冷却到的温度(T2b)低于在步骤g)中接合区域(2b)被加热到的温度(T1b)。
优选端部(2a)被冷却到的温度(T2a)与接合区域(2b)的温度(T2b)相同。则温度(T2a)与温度(T2b)相同。
在步骤j)中,在第一模制件(1a)和第二模制件(1b)之间形成焊缝。焊缝的位置在最初包括在第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)和第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)的区域中。
焊缝本身对于本领域技术人员而言是已知的。
第一模制件(1a)和第二模制件(1b)之间的焊缝的厚度为例如20至500μm、优选30至400μm并且最优选30至300μm,通过显微照片测定。
因此,本发明还提供一种方法,其中在步骤j)中在第一模制件(1a)和第二模制件(1b)之间形成的焊缝的厚度为20至500μm。
因此,在步骤j)中获得焊接模制件。这种焊接模制件具有特别均匀的焊缝和良好的机械性能。
因此,本发明还提供一种可通过本发明的方法获得的焊接模制件。
下面参考实施例来更详细地解释本发明,但不限于此。
实施例
在本发明实施例IE1和对比实施例CE2中使用的模制件(1a、1b)是PA 6GF 30片材(含有30%玻璃纤维的聚酰胺6),厚度为4mm。
本发明实施例IE1
使用工具(5),其中第一外部区域(6a)与第二外部区域(6b)相对,并且第一外部区域(6a)的通道(7a)与第二外部区域(6b)的通道(7b)相对。第一通道壁(8a、8b)和第二通道壁(9a、9b)的取向分别垂直于底板(10a、10b)并且彼此平行,第一通道壁(8a、8b)与第二通道壁(9a、9b)之间的距离分别为6mm。底板(10a、10b)包括作为用于将气体引入通道(7a、7b)的装置(11a、11b)的喷嘴。将模制件(1a、1b)定位在通道(7a、7b)内部距通道入口平面(14a、14b)3.5mm的距离(X)处,并且模制件(1a、1b)的第一侧面区域(3a、3b)与第一通道壁(8a、8b)的距离(Y1)和模制件(1a、1b)的第二侧面区域(4a、4b)与第二通道壁(9a、9b)的距离(Y2)分别为1mm。模制件(1a、1b)的端部(2a、2b)与用于引入气体的装置(11a、11b)(喷嘴)的最高点的距离为5mm。
对比实施例CE2
使用工具(5),其中第一外部区域(6a)与第二外部区域(6b)相对,并且第一外部区域(6a)的通道(7a)与第二外部区域(6b)的通道(7b)相对。第一通道壁(8a、8b)和第二通道壁(9a、9b)的取向分别垂直于底板(10a、10b)并且彼此平行,第一通道壁(8a、8b)与第二通道壁(9a、9b)的距离分别为16mm。底板(10a、10b)包括作为用于将气体引入通道(7a、7b)的装置(11a、11b)的喷嘴。将模制件(1a、1b)定位在通道(7a、7b)内部距通道入口平面(14a、14b)3.5mm的距离(X)处,并且模制件(1a、1b)的第一侧面区域(3a、3b)与第一通道壁(8a、8b)的距离(Y1)和模制件(1a、1b)的第二侧面区域(4a、4b)与第二通道壁(9a、9b)的距离(Y2)分别为6mm。模制件(1a、1b)的端部(2a、2b)与用于引入气体的装置(11a、11b)(喷嘴)的最高点的距离为5mm。
测定当加热第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)时形成的熔融的第一热塑性聚合物层的厚度(d)。为此,将第一模制件(1a)和第二模制件(1b)分别如上所述地定位于第一外部区域(6a)的通道(7a)和第二外部区域(6b)的通道(7b)中。然后,仅加热第一模制件(1a)的端部(10a),此处,通过喷嘴将在430℃的温度下的氮气引入第一外部区域(6a)的通道(7a)中,流速为每个喷嘴1升/分钟。引入气体的时间(t,以s为单位)也称为塑化时间。其是变化的。然后,通过使第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)与第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)接触,并将两个实体压制在一起,压缩力为1180N,测定熔体层厚度(d,以mm为单位),随塑化时间的变化。测定第一和第二模制件(1a、1b)被压制在一起时发生的位移,其也称为接合位移。它对应于熔体层厚度(d)。因此,第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)不熔融,以测定熔体层厚度(d)。
本发明实施例IE1的结果可见于表1,对比实施例CE2的结果可见于表2。
表1
t[s] d[mm]
3 0.09
5 0.30
10 0.83
15 1.34
20 1.71
25 2.04
表2
t[s] d[mm]
5 0.13
10 0.53
15 1.04
20 1.36
25 1.66
30 1.91
此外,图5示出了作为塑化时间(t)的函数的熔体层厚度(d)。可以看出,通过本发明的方法更快地获得了更大厚度的熔体层,即与使用现有技术中所述类型的方法相比,使用本发明的方法,使包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物和包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物分别更快地熔融。此外,熔体层更均匀。

Claims (14)

1.一种将第一模制件(1a)焊接到第二模制件(1b)的方法,
其中第一模制件(1a)包括第一侧面区域(3a)、第二侧面区域(4a)和包含第一热塑性聚合物的端部(2a),且
其中第二模制件(1b)包括包含第二热塑性聚合物的接合区域(2b),
所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供第一模制件(1a),
b)提供第二模制件(1b),
c)提供具有第一外部区域(6a)和第二外部区域(6b)的工具(5),
其中第一外部区域(6a)包括通道(7a),并且其中通道(7a)具有底板(10a)、具有第一最高点(12a)的第一通道壁(8a)和具有第二高点(13a)的第二通道壁(9a),其中底板(10a)包括用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a),其中通道入口平面(14a)穿过第一最高点(12a)平行于第一外部区域(6a),并且其中外部通道区域(17a)的位置在从第一最高点(12a)沿垂直于通道入口平面(14a)的方向上的投影线(15a)和从第二最高点(13a)沿垂直于通道入口平面(14a)的方向上的投影线(16a)之间,
其中第二外部区域(6b)包括通道(7b),并且其中通道(7b)具有底板(10b)、具有第一最高点(12b)的第一通道壁(8b)和具有第二最高点(13b)的第二通道壁(9b),其中底板(10b)包括用于将气体引入通道(7b)的装置(11b),其中通道入口平面(14b)穿过第一最高点(12b)平行于第二外部区域(6b),并且其中外部通道区域(17b)的位置在从第一最高点(12b)沿垂直于通道入口平面(14b)的方向上的投影线(15b)和从第二最高点(13b)沿垂直于通道入口平面(14b)的方向上的投影线(16b)之间,
d)定位第一模制件(1a),其中
端部(2a)与通道入口平面(14a)在垂直于通道入口平面(14a)的方向上的距离(Xa)为通道(7a)外3mm至通道(7a)内10mm,其中
如果距离(Xa)为通道(7a)外>0mm至3mm,则端部(2a)的位置至少在一定程度上在外部通道区域(17a)中,
并且如果距离(Xa)为通道(7a)内0至10mm,则第一侧面区域(3a)与第一通道壁(8a)的最小距离(Y1a)为0.2至5mm,并且第二侧面区域(4a)与第二通道壁(9a)的最小距离(Y2a)为0.2至5mm,
e)定位第二模制件(1b),其中
接合区域(2b)与通道入口平面(14b)在垂直于通道入口平面(14b)的方向上的距离(Xb)为通道(7b)外3mm至通道(7b)内10mm,其中
如果距离(Xb)为通道(7b)外>0mm至3mm,则接合区域(2b)至少在一定程度上位于外部通道区域(17b)中,
并且如果距离(Xb)为通道(7b)内0至10mm,则第二模制件(1b)另外具有第一侧面区域(3b)和第二侧面区域(4b),并且第一侧面区域(3b)与第一通道壁(8b)的最小距离(Y1b)为0.2至5mm,且其中第二侧面区域(4b)与第二通道壁(9b)的最小距离(Y2b)为0.2至5mm,
f)通过用于将气体引入通道(7a)的装置(11a)引入热气体,其中第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)的温度升高,并且其中包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物熔融,
g)通过用于将气体引入通道(7b)的装置(11b)引入热气体,其中第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)的温度升高,并且其中包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物熔融,
h)从步骤d)中获得的位置移出第一模制件(1a),
i)从步骤e)中获得的位置移出第二模制件(1b),
j)使第一模制件(1a)的加热的端部(2a)与第二模制件(1b)的加热的接合区域(2b)接触,并且在加热的端部(2a)和加热的接合区域(2b)彼此接触的同时,使第一模制件(1a)的加热的端部(2a)和第二模制件(1b)的加热的接合区域(2b)冷却,以在第一模制件(1a)和第二模制件(1b)之间形成焊缝。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中如果第一热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤f)中第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)的温度升高到的温度(T1a)高于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1),并且如果第一热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则高于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1),和/或如果第二热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤g)中接合区域(2b)的温度升高到的温度(T1b)高于包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG2),并且如果第二热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则高于包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM2)。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物选自聚酰胺、聚甲醛、聚砜、聚苯砜和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯,和/或包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物选自聚酰胺、聚甲醛、聚砜、聚苯砜和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项的方法,其中包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物和包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物相同。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项的方法,其中如果第一热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤f)中第一模制件(1a)的端部(2a)的温度升高到的温度(T1a)比包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1)高0至300℃,并且如果第一热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则比包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1)高0至300℃,和/或如果第二热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤g)中第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)的温度升高到的温度(T1b)比包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG2)高0至300℃,并且如果第二热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则比包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM2)高0至300℃。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项的方法,其中在步骤c)中提供的工具(5)的第一外部区域(6a)与工具(5)的第二外部区域(6b)相对。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项的方法,其中第一外部区域(6a)的通道(7a)的第一通道壁(8a)的取向基本上平行于第一外部区域(6a)的通道(7a)的第二通道壁(9a),和/或第二外部区域(6b)的通道(7b)的第一通道壁(8b)的取向基本上平行于第二外部区域(6b)的通道(7b)的第二通道壁(9b)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项的方法,其中在步骤d)中定位第一模制件(1a),使得如果距离(Xa)为通道(7a)外>0mm至3mm,则端部(2a)的位置完全在外部通道区域(17a)中,和/或在步骤e)中定位第二模制件(1b),使得如果距离(Xb)为通道(7b)外>0mm至3mm,则接合区域(2b)的位置完全在外部通道区域(17b)中。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项的方法,其中在步骤d)中定位第一模制件(1a),使得距离(Xa)为通道(7a)内0至10mm。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项的方法,其中在步骤f)中引入的热气体选自CO2、N2和空气和/或在步骤g)中引入的热气体选自CO2、N2和空气。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项的方法,其中在步骤f)中引入的热气体的温度为100至600℃和/或在步骤g)中引入的热气体的温度为100到600℃。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项的方法,其中如果第一热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤j)中第一模制件(1a)的加热的端部(2a)被冷却到的温度(T2a)低于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG1),并且如果第一热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则低于包含在端部(2a)中的第一热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM1),和/或如果第二热塑性聚合物是无定形热塑性聚合物,则在步骤j)中第二模制件(1b)的接合区域(2b)被冷却到的温度(T2b)低于包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(TG2),并且如果第二热塑性聚合物是半结晶热塑性聚合物,则低于包含在接合区域(2b)中的第二热塑性聚合物的熔点(TM2)。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项的方法,其中在步骤j)中,在第一模制件(1a)和第二模制件(1b)之间形成的焊缝厚度为20至500μm。
14.一种焊接模制件,其可通过根据权利要求1至13中任一项的方法获得。
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