CN109141957B - Method for collecting and manufacturing undisturbed monolith with 1 m sandy soil - Google Patents
Method for collecting and manufacturing undisturbed monolith with 1 m sandy soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109141957B CN109141957B CN201810915877.1A CN201810915877A CN109141957B CN 109141957 B CN109141957 B CN 109141957B CN 201810915877 A CN201810915877 A CN 201810915877A CN 109141957 B CN109141957 B CN 109141957B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
A method for collecting and making 1 m sandy soil whole section specimen includes collecting and making sandy soil specimen, and features that it uses the collection technique of spraying colloid and coagulating in soil body and the technique of making sand by blowing air to repair surface to obtain the specimen. The invention can perfectly keep the integral structure of the earth pillar during collection, is more natural and beautiful after being made into a specimen, and can be stored for a long time for exhibition. The invention solves the problems that sandy soil is loose and easy to collapse, cannot be directly cut and cannot be stripped by using an awl due to the fact that sandy soil is not solid in the manufacturing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a soil specimen collecting and manufacturing technology, in particular to a soil sampling and specimen manufacturing method which is not easy to form, and specifically relates to a sand 1 m whole section specimen collecting and manufacturing method.
Background
The existing collection and preparation technology of 1 m soil monolith is generally only used for conventional or ideal soil bodies which have certain viscosity and mainly consist of fine soil. Some sandy soil exists in nature, is loose and easy to collapse, has weak consolidation, and causes the soil column to be incapable of being molded, is difficult to collect 1 m original soil body and carving and manufacturing of later-stage soil samples according to the prior art, and forcibly takes soil according to the prior art to cause soil body collapse and damage the natural surface, so that the collected whole section of samples become worthless.
The collection and the manufacture of the soil 1 m whole-section specimen are to collect the soil entity with the depth of 1 m in the field in an original state, and then to manufacture the whole-section specimen which can visually display the soil entity through later-stage processing indoors for history archiving and popular science display.
The existing soil 1 m whole section specimen collecting technology comprises the following steps: (1) and excavating a soil pit with the length of 2-3 m, the width of 1 m and the depth of 1.2 m at the determined sampling site. (2) On a vertical plane, according to the length, width and height of the soil column to be collected, a profile is drawn by a section cutter, and then the lower, left and right surfaces of the soil column are excavated or cut according to the profile. (3) The wooden box for placing the specimen is vertically sleeved on the earth pillar, and the back connected with the foundation is cut off from top to bottom and from left to right to the center by tools such as an engineer shovel or a cutter, and the whole earth pillar is pulled away. This conventional technique is applicable only to conventional or ideal soil bodies having a certain viscosity and mainly composed of fine soil. For sandy soil existing in nature, it is not feasible to directly adopt a contour-drawing-excavating or cutting method because the sandy soil is loose and not solid.
The existing soil 1 m whole section specimen preparation technology comprises the following steps: (1) after the whole field collected soil specimen is fully and naturally dried, drilling holes on the surface of the specimen by using an electric rotor, wherein the interval between every two holes is 1cm, then spraying glue (the glue ratio is 1: 3), spraying once, then spraying for the second time after all the soil specimen permeates, and waiting for natural drying after spraying. (2) After drying, spraying a layer of virgin rubber on the section, and paving the linen with the cut size; spraying a layer of crude rubber, covering the clamping plate cover, clamping the clamping plate cover by a G-shaped clamp for fixing, and naturally drying. (3) After the soil is naturally dried, the clamp is detached, the cover plate is removed, the soil body is exposed, the thickness of 2-3cm of the soil column is picked out by using an awl, and a natural structural surface is built. (4) After finishing repairing the natural surface, spraying the soil body once by using 1:8 glue, and sticking a label after the soil body is completely dried. As for sandy soil, the sandy soil is loose and has no viscosity, and the conventional technology cannot reflect the naturalness of the sandy soil when the sandy soil is carved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing sampling and manufacturing technology is only limited to some conventional soil types and is not suitable for sandy soil types, and provides a method for collecting and manufacturing 1 m whole-section specimens of sandy soil based on 'spraying glue on soil body for condensation-repairing by blowing sand through wind', which can perfectly keep the integral structure of a soil column during collection, is more natural and beautiful after being manufactured into the specimens and can be stored for a long time for exhibition. The invention solves the problems that sandy soil is loose and easy to collapse, cannot be directly cut and cannot be stripped by using an awl due to the fact that sandy soil is not solid in the manufacturing process.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a collection and preparation method of a sandy soil 1 m whole section specimen comprises the collection and preparation of the sandy soil specimen, and is characterized in that the sandy soil collection comprises the following steps:
firstly, digging to form a sampling pit with the size of 2-3 m, 1 m wide and 1.2 m deep, and simultaneously manufacturing a sample containing box with the size meeting the requirement; the size is 100cm multiplied by 22cm multiplied by 6 cm;
secondly, cleaning and selecting a sandy soil natural surface in the sampling pit, hanging a scale, and shooting a sampling surface by using a camera;
thirdly, drawing the outline of the sampling sand on the sampling surface by taking the sample containing box as a mould;
fourthly, preparing diluted glue with the weight ratio of 1:10, wherein the glue is 1, and the water is 10;
fifthly, the diluted glue prepared in the previous step is used for uninterruptedly spraying the sand surface of the marked contour area until the contour surface is wet and does not collapse due to stress;
sixthly, using a fine drill to horizontally drill glue pouring holes on the surface of the outline at intervals of 1cm, wherein the drilling depth is controlled to be 2-3 cm;
fourthly, spraying dilute glue on the surface of the outline again to fill the glue into the punctured hole, spraying the glue in the hole again after the glue in the hole permeates into the sandy soil, repeating the spraying for many times until the sandy soil does not absorb the dilute glue any more, and meanwhile, spraying the dilute glue into the sandy soil repeatedly from the top of the sandy soil to be sampled and the outer side of the marked outline;
eighthly, after the glue is sprayed, drying the sandy soil, cutting along the contour line, sleeving a sample containing box, separating the sandy soil cylinder from the matrix, taking down the sandy soil cylinder together with the sample containing box, and finishing the collection of the sample;
the preparation of the specimen comprises the following steps:
firstly, moving a sample containing box into a room, removing peripheral plates, only keeping a bottom plate, and repeatedly spraying glue with the weight ratio of the glue to water being 3:1 to finish the pretreatment;
secondly, when the natural surface is repaired, the loose soil is blown off naturally by means of external wind power and contrasting the shot photos to repair the surface of the soil by blowing wind, so that the natural surface is formed.
The thickness of the glue of the sandy soil cylinder is 5 cm.
The thickness of the sandy soil column after being trimmed by the wind blowing soil body is 2-3cm, the sandy soil column is slowly sprayed on the surface by glue with the weight ratio of glue to water =4:1 after being trimmed, the process is repeatedly circulated until the sandy soil column permeates, and the sample is corrected by spraying glue with the weight ratio of glue to water =6:1 after being dried again.
The glue pouring hole and the vertical surface of the soil body form an angle of 45 degrees, the depth is about 2-3cm, and a funnel-shaped structure is formed.
The distance between the central lines of the adjacent glue pouring holes is 1 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method is simple and easy to understand and operate.
2. The method of glue condensation can prevent the soil from collapsing during collection and keep the integral structure of the soil.
3. The integrity of the soil body is achieved, and the naturalness is maintained.
4. The wind power is used for repairing the surface, the weathering rule of sandy soil is met, the characteristics of the sandy soil are more effectively embodied, and the original appearance of the soil body can be most restored.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing a sand section of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional glue-spraying schematic view of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the top and outside contour line of the sampling body of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the blowing soil body engraving used in the specimen preparation in the later stage of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1-4.
A method for collecting and manufacturing a sand 1 m whole section specimen comprises a collection technology of spraying glue and condensing soil and a manufacturing technology of blowing sand by wind to repair a surface. The soil body glue spraying and condensing method is characterized in that the outline of a soil column to be collected is lightly drawn, glue with a specified proportion is sprayed through the soil body, and the soil body is dried and condensed. When the outline of the soil column is drawn, a mould made of a wood plate is leaned against the natural surface, and the outline of the soil body is drawn by a cutter. The glue is sprayed on the soil body with marked lines, and the upper part, the lower part, the left part and the right part, including the central part, need to be sprayed. The soil body is condensed, namely the sprayed soil column is dried in the air after being condensed, and the thickness of the soil body which is completely eaten with glue is about 5 cm. The manufacturing technology of the sand blowing and face repairing by wind is that when a natural face is repaired, the soil body repairing face is blown by wind by means of external wind force, and loose soil body is blown down naturally to form the natural face.
The details are as follows:
collecting the whole section of soil column, preparing a camera, hanging teeth, a cutter, a watering can, glue, a shovel, a wood board box, an electric roller and screws in advance.
Before the sandy soil is collected into a whole section of soil column, a wood box (namely a sample containing box) for containing the whole section of soil column is bound by an electric drill, and the size of the wood box is 100cm multiplied by 22cm multiplied by 6cm as common. Then, a sandy soil natural surface with the best angle is selected, obstacles around the sandy soil natural surface are removed by a shovel, a ruler is hung, and the sandy soil natural surface is shot by a high-pixel camera (figure 1). The wood board box is used as a mould to lean against the soil surface to be collected, and a cutter is used for marking the outline along the edge of the wood board. The glue with the ratio of 1:10 is prepared by using the original glue and water which are carried in advance, because the glue content of the glue with the ratio of 1:10 is quite low and is similar to the density of water, the function of the glue only exists in the mutual adhesion effect after a soil body is dried, a marked outline area is continuously sprayed after the glue is put into a kettle, the surface of the soil body has viscosity after the outline area is sprayed with water, the soil body is soft but cannot easily collapse, at the moment, a fine drill (the outer diameter is less than 2 mm) is used for drilling, the vertical plane of the drill hole and the soil body forms an angle of 45 degrees and inclines downwards (as shown in figure 2), the drilling depth is about 2-3cm, a funnel-shaped hole is formed, the whole surface of the soil body required to be collected is filled, the holes are uniformly distributed, the hole is spaced by 1cm (after a sample is prepared, the hole surface is not used as a display surface, the formed hole cannot influence the appearance), and then the, and (3) continuously spraying the glue when the glue is completely absorbed, spraying the glue on the part outside the contour line connected with the soil body to be collected, wherein the top of the soil body can adopt a discontinuous pouring mode, the glue spraying strength needs to be noticed, the spraying is light and slow, (figure 3), spraying the glue after the soil body permeates the glue, and repeating the steps until the permeating thickness reaches more than 3-5 cm. After glue is sprayed, after the soil body is dried, the soil body is cut into along the contour line, external sandy soil is lightly scratched, a wood box is sleeved, the left side and the right side of the soil body are tunneled, the back of the soil body is cut away, and the soil column is taken down.
When the later-stage indoor production is carried out, the sand is loose, the glue amount needs to be increased, the glue ratio is about 3:1, and the earlier-stage work is the same as that of the conventional soil type production method. After the pretreatment is finished, the cohesiveness of the opened soil column is still poor, and an external force needs to be produced by a blower. During face repairing, the facet is blown obliquely by a blower according to the picture, so that loose sandy soil is naturally separated by wind power, and the thickness of the soil column is kept at 2-3cm (as shown in figure 4). And then slowly spraying glue with a ratio of 4:1 on the surface, waiting for complete penetration, circularly repeating for about 3 times, waiting for the soil column to dry, spraying glue with a ratio of 6:1, and correcting the specimen.
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented using the prior art.
Claims (3)
1. A collection and manufacturing method of a sandy soil 1 m original state whole section specimen comprises the collection and manufacturing of the sandy soil specimen, and is characterized in that the collection of the sandy soil specimen comprises the following steps:
firstly, digging to form a sampling pit, and simultaneously manufacturing a sample containing box with the size meeting the requirement; secondly, cleaning and selecting a sandy soil natural surface in the sampling pit, hanging a scale, and shooting a sampling surface by using a camera; thirdly, drawing the outline of the sampling sand on the sampling surface by taking the sample containing box as a mould; fourthly, preparing diluted glue with the weight ratio of 1:10, wherein the glue is 1, and the water is 10; fifthly, the diluted glue prepared in the previous step is used for uninterruptedly spraying the sand surface of the marked contour area until the contour surface is wet and does not collapse due to stress; sixthly, slightly stabbing obliquely downward glue pouring holes on the surface of the outline by using a needle, wherein the glue pouring holes and the vertical surface of the soil body form an angle of 45 degrees, the stabbing depth is 2-3cm, and the distance between the central lines of the adjacent glue pouring holes is 1cm, so that a funnel-shaped structure is formed; fourthly, spraying dilute glue on the surface of the outline again to fill the glue into the punctured hole, spraying the glue in the hole again after the glue in the hole permeates into the sandy soil, repeating the spraying for many times until the sandy soil does not absorb the dilute glue any more, and meanwhile, spraying the dilute glue into the sandy soil repeatedly from the top of the sandy soil to be sampled and the outer side of the marked outline; eighthly, after the glue is sprayed, drying the sandy soil, cutting along the contour line, sleeving a sample containing box, separating the sandy soil cylinder from the matrix, taking down the sandy soil cylinder together with the sample containing box, and finishing the collection of the sample; the preparation of the indoor specimen comprises the following steps: firstly, moving a sample containing box into a room, and repeatedly spraying glue with the weight ratio of the glue to water being 3:1 to finish the pretreatment; secondly, when the natural surface is repaired, the loose soil is blown off naturally by wind in contrast to the shot photos by means of external wind power to repair the surface of the soil, so as to form the natural surface; the external wind power is produced by a blower, and when the wind blows the soil body to repair the facet, the blower is adopted to blow the soil body to repair the facet obliquely, so that the loose sandy soil is separated naturally.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mortar column has a glue-feeding thickness of 5 cm.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the sandy soil column after the soil body is repaired and carved by blowing is 2-3cm, the sand soil column is slowly sprayed on the surface by glue with the weight ratio of glue to water =4:1 after the soil body is repaired and carved, the process is repeatedly circulated until the sand soil column is permeated, and the sand soil column is sprayed by glue with the weight ratio of glue to water =6:1 after the sand soil column is dried again to correct the sample.
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| CN201810915877.1A CN109141957B (en) | 2018-08-13 | 2018-08-13 | Method for collecting and manufacturing undisturbed monolith with 1 m sandy soil |
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| CN201810915877.1A CN109141957B (en) | 2018-08-13 | 2018-08-13 | Method for collecting and manufacturing undisturbed monolith with 1 m sandy soil |
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| CN109141957B true CN109141957B (en) | 2020-08-18 |
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| CN110702478B (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-12-21 | 自然资源实物地质资料中心 | Method for collecting precious and fragile stratum specimen |
| CN111487109B (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-04-27 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for preparing whole specimen of soil with high water content and strong expansibility |
| CN111487108B (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-04-27 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for preparing whole section specimen of peat soil |
| CN111562157B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2024-08-20 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Sample preparation process for keeping field soil profile original state |
| CN112240848B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2024-04-12 | 黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所 | Soil specimen restoration method |
| CN112611616B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2024-02-09 | 海南省环境科学研究院 | Manufacturing method of coral sand sample |
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| CN106525483A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-03-22 | 浙江中林勘察研究股份有限公司 | Original sandy soil sampling method and sampling device |
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| CN102262006B (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2012-11-14 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for collecting and manufacturing suspension type thin-layer soil monolith |
| CN102589926A (en) * | 2012-01-15 | 2012-07-18 | 付志亮 | Deformed coal sampling method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104215469A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-12-17 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Specimen box of sandy soil monolith, and apparatus and method for preparing monolith |
| CN106525483A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-03-22 | 浙江中林勘察研究股份有限公司 | Original sandy soil sampling method and sampling device |
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Inventor after: Li Decheng Inventor after: Shen Chenlu Inventor after: Wang Qiming Inventor after: Zhao Yuguo Inventor after: Gao Weichang Inventor after: Pan Wenjie Inventor before: Li Decheng Inventor before: Shen Chenlu Inventor before: Wang Qiming Inventor before: Zhao Yuguo |
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Effective date of registration: 20200722 Address after: 210008 Xuanwu District, Jiangsu, Beijing East Road 71, Nanjing Applicant after: INSTITUTE OF SOIL SCIENCE, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Applicant after: GUIZHOU INSTITUTE OF TOBACCO SCIENCE Address before: 210008 Xuanwu District, Jiangsu, Beijing East Road 71, Nanjing Applicant before: INSTITUTE OF SOIL SCIENCE, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES |
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