CN109104966B

CN109104966B - Production method of organic selenium soybean

Info

Publication number: CN109104966B
Application number: CN201811198602.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈传璞
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-10-15
Filing date: 2018-10-15
Publication date: 2021-04-16
Anticipated expiration: 2038-10-15
Also published as: CN109104966A

Abstract

The invention discloses a production method of organic selenium soybean, which comprises the following steps: irrigating roots with water in the seedling emergence stage and the initial flowering stage of the soybeans by using crop nutrient solution prepared from seaweed selenium polysaccharide and EM (effective microorganisms); spraying the seaweed selenium polysaccharide solution on the leaf surfaces in both the pod setting period and the grain swelling period of the soybeans. The organic selenium element of the seaweed selenium polysaccharide is blended into the soybean growth body by taking the EM microbial flora as a carrier, so that the organic selenium content of the soybeans can be improved, and the yield of the soybeans can be improved.

Description

Production method of organic selenium soybean

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soybean production, and particularly relates to a production method of organic selenium soybean.

Technical Field

Selenium is a necessary trace element for human and animals, is known as 'fire of life', 'king of cancer' and 'heart guard', is an important component of some antioxidant enzyme and selenium-P protein in human body, plays an important role in human life activity, and can achieve the purposes of improving immunity and disease resistance and delaying senility by selenium supplement. Since selenium does not exist in organs for storing selenium for a long time in human bodies, selenium required by organisms should be obtained from diets continuously in sufficient quantity, and the balance of selenium concentration plays an important role in protecting and promoting physiological functions of a plurality of organs and tissues.

Selenium deficiency in humans, which leads to cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, has gained consensus in the medical communities around the world and established an international seminar on selenium every 4 years. Researches show that the selenium content of various components in the cardiac muscle of people with selenium deficiency is extremely low, so that the cardiac function is disturbed. Recent foreign research shows that animals fed with low-selenium food have weakened heart disease resistance and are easy to induce myocardial diseases. Moreover, selenium deficiency is also considered to be a cause of coronary heart disease. Foreign data are also reported. The lower the selenium content in the diet, the higher the incidence of cancer and disability rate.

Basic research also finds that selenium has the function of investigating cell division, differentiation and oncogene expression and converting cancer cell behavior to normal; the in vitro culture of animal and human hepatoma cell lines also shows that the carcinogenic action of cancer is blocked by selenium supplement. Seven years old are awarded the prize "Claus Schwarz" by International society of biologists and chemists in 1996 after the achievements of professor treyu and the subject group in their research of selenium prevention of liver cancer.

At present, atmospheric pollution, pesticide pollution, heavy metals, toxic substances of chemical plant products, rays and the like in human living environment can cause the environment of human bodies to be disordered, and various diseases are caused. The results of cell experiments show that selenium has the function of directly removing and inhibiting harmful substances of human body, namely free radicals, and medical experts in various countries in the world think that selenium is a scavenger for the human body to supplement selenium in a proper amount and is beneficial to the health of the human body.

Statistically, over forty countries and regions around the world belong to areas lacking selenium. China is a large selenium-deficient country, and according to the atlas of local diseases and environmental factors of the people's republic of China, the China obliquely penetrates from the three provinces of northeast to the cloud plateau, a low-selenium zone exists in the region which occupies 72% of the soil area of China, wherein 30% of the regions are serious selenium-deficient regions, and the China, the northeast, the northwest and other major and middle cities belong to the selenium-deficient regions.

The daily selenium intake of Chinese people is only 30-45 mu g, which is lower than the minimum intake of 50 mu g recommended by the world health organization, and is lower than that of countries such as Japan, Canada, United states and the like. The scientist determines: some diseases, especially tumors, hypertension, endocrine and metabolic diseases, diabetes and senile constipation are all related to selenium deficiency.

In the selenium-deficient areas of China, the selenium deficiency of human bodies affects the deformation and necrosis of epiphyseal cartilage to form on the bone joints, so that many bone-entering joints in the areas are deformed, and patients with Kaschin-Beck disease are curiously many. Through the epidemiological investigation of the liver cancer high-incidence site and the large-scale selenium supplement experiment of people, which are performed by medical experts in China on the tree jade for 16 years, the contents of selenium in the blood of residents of liver cancer are all lower than those in the low-incidence area of the liver cancer, and the incidence rate of cancer incidence is negatively related to the selenium level. The research on keshan disease mainly caused by myocardial necrosis in areas with selenium deficiency is carried out from 60 s by Yangxuanxingxi and Xuguanlu professors, which are experts in nutrition and trace element research in China, and the selenium is supplemented to more than 10 provinces and more than 310 disease areas, namely more than 900 million people, so that the keshan disease spreading in the areas with selenium deficiency is controlled.

At present, the common selenium supplement method is food supplement, common flour, brown rice, barley, fish, shrimp, seaweed, animal liver, animal kidney, garlic, onion, asparagus, carrot and the like all contain selenium, but the selenium content in food is high and is not equal to that of human being for absorbing the selenium, and generally, the utilization rate of human beings for organic selenium is high.

As a nutrient-rich food, soybean has no good method for increasing the content of organic selenium. In addition, at present, 397 kilograms (spring soybeans) of soybeans are produced in Xinjiang in national soybean production per mu, about 200 kilograms of provinces and areas such as Shandong, Henan, Anhui and the like are generally produced in the Shandong, Henan and the Anhui provinces, the yield is low because people do not pay enough attention to the soybean production technology, for example, the traditional soybean planting method is a bean pulling mode (no land is cultivated, a nest is dug at will, bean seeds are thrown away and buried), and more production management error areas exist, if soybeans are rhizobia crops, nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the soybeans are enough, excessive topdressing is easy to grow, the pods of the grown oranges are not pulled, and the yield cannot be high. Therefore, how to improve the yield of the soybean and the content of the organic selenium is an urgent problem to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a production method of organic selenium soybean, which can improve the yield of soybean and effectively improve the organic selenium content in the soybean.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a production method of organic selenium soybean comprises the following steps: irrigating roots of crop nutrient solution prepared from seaweed selenium polysaccharide and EM (effective microorganisms) with water once in the seedling emergence stage and the initial flowering stage of the soybeans; spraying the seaweed selenium polysaccharide solution to the leaf surface once respectively in the pod setting period and the grain swelling period of the soybeans.

At the initial flowering stage: the time elapsed from the start of flowering to the full-bloom stage.

And (3) seedling stage: the time from sowing of the seeds to emergence of the seedlings.

And (3) pod setting stage: the period from the appearance of the young pod to the elongation, widening of the pod.

And (3) a granulation period: after the soybean is hulled, bean grains begin to grow up, and the swelling period is called when the bean grains reach the maximum volume and mass.

After the soybeans enter a pod setting period and a grain swelling period, the opportunity of supplementing nutrients by utilizing the growing leaf surfaces of crops is grasped, and the needed elements are supplemented in time, and the supplement of organic selenium through the leaf surfaces in the period is the key for producing high-quality organic selenium soybeans.

Preferably, the crop nutrient solution also comprises brown sugar. And the EM bacteria are used for nutrition supplement in the fermentation process.

Preferably, the concentration of each component in the crop nutrient solution is that 25-35ml of seaweed selenium polysaccharide, 200-300g of EM bacteria and 80-120g of brown sugar are respectively added into each kilogram of water.

Further preferably, the preparation method of the crop nutrient solution comprises the following steps: adding Sargassum selenium polysaccharide, EM bacteria and brown sugar into water, mixing, placing in shade, and fermenting at 18-24 deg.C for 40-50 h.

Preferably, the dosage of the nutrient solution is 20 kilograms of water per mu of land.

The amount of each component corresponding to 20 kg of water is as follows: 700ml of seaweed selenium polysaccharide, 6000g of EM bacteria 4000 and 2400g of brown sugar 1600.

Preferably, the concentration of the seaweed selenium polysaccharide solution is that 20-30ml of seaweed selenium polysaccharide is added into each kilogram of water.

Further preferably, the seaweed selenium polysaccharide is sprayed to the leaf surface after 4 pm.

More preferably, when the seaweed selenium polysaccharide solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, the amount of the seaweed selenium polysaccharide solution is 15 kilograms of water per mu of land.

Preferably, when the soybeans are planted, the row spacing is 32-34 cm, the row spacing is 60-70 cm, 3000-3500 holes are sowed per mu, single-hole single-seed sowing is carried out, the seed consumption per mu is 1.3-1.7 kg, and the plant height is controlled at 38-42 cm.

Preferably, when the soybeans are planted, stubbles are removed, the soil is deeply ploughed and leveled, the ploughing depth is 20cm-25cm, and the soil moisture is preserved by compaction after sowing.

The organic selenium soybean produced by the production method of the organic selenium soybean has the organic selenium content of 1000-.

Symbiotic action mechanism of Em bacteria containing various floras

1. Photosynthetic bacteria group: the photosynthetic bacteria (aerobic and anaerobic) in the EM bacterial liquid belong to independent nutrient microorganisms, hydrogen sulfide in soil and hydrogen in hydrocarbon plants can be separated by utilizing solar heat energy received by the soil or ultraviolet rays as energy sources, harmful substances are changed into harmless substances, organic harmful gases (hydrogen sulfide and the like) secreted by plant roots, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and the like are used as substances, saccharides, amino acids, vitamin nitrogen compounds, physiologically active substances and the like are synthesized, the EM bacterial liquid is a main force for fertilizing the soil and promoting the growth of animals and plants, metabolic substances of the photosynthetic bacteria are directly absorbed by the plants or become nutrients for the propagation of other microorganisms, and if the photosynthetic bacteria can proliferate, other beneficial microorganisms also proliferate.

2. The lactic acid bacteria group: lactic acid bacteria (anaerobic type) which produce lactic acid based on ingestion of substances such as saccharides produced by photosynthetic bacteria yeast, have a strong bactericidal activity and can effectively inhibit the activity of harmful organisms and the rapid putrefactive decomposition of organic substances, can easily decompose lignin, cellulose and the like which are not easily decomposed in a normal state, eliminate the seed defects caused by undecomposed organic substances, play an important role in assault on the fermentative decomposition of organic substances, convert the undecomposed organic substances into nutrients beneficial to animals and plants, and can effectively inhibit the proliferation of germs caused by continuous cropping obstacles.

3. And (3) yeast flora: yeast (aerobic type) utilizes amino acids and other organic substances to produce an activated substance for promoting cell division through fermentation, and provides important nutrition guarantee for the production of substrates (food) required for promoting the proliferation of other effective microorganisms in the EM group army. In addition, the single-cell protein of yeast is an indispensable nutrient for animals and plants.

4. Gram-positive actinomycete group (aerobic): the compound bactericide can obtain amino acid, nitrogen and the like from photosynthetic bacteria as substrates, generate various antibiotics, vitamins and enzymes, can directly inhibit pathogen, can obtain the substrates required by the proliferation of harmful mould and bacteria in advance, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of the harmful mould and the bacteria and creating living environment for the proliferation of other beneficial microorganisms, has a bacterium cleaning effect which is much higher than the killing ability of actinomycetes during single-soldier combat after the actinomycetes and the photosynthetic bacteria are mixed, has a degradation effect on difficultly decomposed substances such as lignin, cellulose and chitin, is easy to be absorbed by plants, and enhances the resistance and the immunity of animals and plants to various diseases. Actinomycetes also act against azotobacteria

And VA mycorrhizal fungi proliferation.

5. The filamentous flora of fermentation system mainly comprises Aspergillus used for fermenting alcohol, can be symbiotic with other microorganisms, especially has good decomposition effect on acetic acid and alkali in soil, can prevent maggot and other pests, and can eliminate malodor.

6. Probiotic flora: the enzyme and metabolite thereof generated by the probiotic flora in the Em flora can fix nitrogen, dissolve phosphorus and potassium, secrete auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, indoleic acid and other plant hormones, promote the growth of crops, regulate the metabolism of the crops, and can propagate in large quantities at the rhizosphere to generate mucopolysaccharide, promote the formation of soil aggregates, improve the soil structure, increase the soil fertility, promote the growth and root development and absorption of the crops, and improve the crop quality and the capability of resisting diseases and insects. The Em bacteria and various symbiotic floras also secrete various active esters and proteins, crack eggs and cell walls of harmful bacteria, kill the harmful pathogenic bacteria and repel insects, thereby reducing the using amount of chemical fertilizers, reducing or even basically avoiding the use of pesticides, gradually solving the problems of soil degradation such as continuous cropping obstacles, salinization, acidification and the like, and the food safety problems such as pesticide degradation, heavy metal residue and the like.

Em bacteria can be used at any growth and development stage of animals and plants. The use effect is best from the breeding period. For the prevention and treatment of soil-borne diseases, the Em bacteria is used sooner and better in effect, and the prevention effect is better when the Em bacteria is picked up from a seed source and applied to crop seedling raising.

The matching utilization of the seaweed selenium polysaccharide and the EM sugar achieves the following effects:

firstly, the method comprises the following steps: the EM bacteria are saccharophilic type microbial flora and have certain commonality with the selenium polysaccharide of the seaweed, and the part with insufficient nutrition of the microorganisms in the fermentation process is supplemented by a certain amount of brown sugar.

II, secondly: the EM microorganisms are composed of dozens of different microbial thalli, most of the EM microorganisms have a common habit, a certain preference is given to rhizobia plants, namely azotobacter, the availability is relatively outstanding in the growth process of soybeans, the EM microbial flora is used as a carrier, the organic selenium element of the seaweed selenium polysaccharide is blended into the soybean growth body, and the method is an optimal matching scheme for converting common soybeans into organic selenium soybeans, so that the selenium element content planted by the method can reach 1020 micrograms/kg.

Thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: at present, 397 kilograms of soybeans (spring soybeans) are produced in Xinjiang in national soybean production per mu, and about 200 kilograms of soybeans are produced in Shandong, Henan, Anhui provinces and other provinces. In the invention, the crop nutrient solution fermented by combining the alga selenium polysaccharide and the EM is adopted in the key growth period, seedling stage and initial flowering stage of the soybeans, and the soybeans are irrigated with water, so that the rhizobium tissues of the soybeans are strengthened, and the nitrogen fixation capacity is enhanced; secondly, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients deposited in the soil for many years are effectively activated, so that the nutrients are fully utilized in the soybean growth period, the selenium content in the soybeans reaches 1020 micrograms/kg, and the average yield per mu is 428 kg.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

Examples 1-3, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were all conducted in the city of the Shandong province, which is a county in agriculture and is a severe selenium-deficient area, and crops were grown without selenium.

Example 1

A production method of organic selenium soybean comprises the following steps:

1) deeply ploughing and leveling the land, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-25cm, the plant spacing is 32-34 cm, the row spacing is 60-70 cm, 3000-3500 holes are sowed per mu, single-hole single-seed sowing is carried out, the seed consumption per mu is 1.5 kg, the plant height is controlled at 38-42 cm, and soil moisture is preserved by compaction after sowing;

2) in the seedling emergence stage and the initial flowering stage of the soybeans, crop nutrient solution prepared from the seaweed selenium polysaccharide and the EM bacteria is irrigated with water once, and the crop nutrient solution is prepared by adding the seaweed selenium polysaccharide, the EM bacteria and the brown sugar into water, uniformly mixing, placing in a shade, and fermenting at 18-24 ℃ for 48 hours. The amount of the crop nutrient solution added in each mu of soybeans is as follows: 20 kg of water, 600ml of seaweed selenium polysaccharide, 5000g of EM bacteria and 2000g of brown sugar.

3) In the pod setting period and the grain swelling period of the soybeans, after 4 pm, 15 kilograms of water and 400ml of a mixed solution of seaweed selenium polysaccharide are sprayed on each mu of soybeans, and the spraying is carried out once in each of the two periods.

The yield per mu of the organic selenium soybean planted by the method reaches 430 kg.

Detecting 200g of organic selenium soybean planted by a GB5009.93-2010 analysis method, wherein the detection temperature is 25 ℃, and the content of selenium element detected is 1020 mug/kg. The Shandong flatness is in the county of agriculture and is a serious selenium-deficient area, and crops are planted without selenium.

Example 2

A production method of organic selenium soybean comprises the following steps:

1) deeply ploughing and leveling the land, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-25cm, the plant spacing is 32-34 cm, the row spacing is 60-70 cm, 3000-3500 holes are sowed per mu, single-hole single-seed sowing is carried out, the seed consumption per mu is 1.7 kg, the plant height is controlled at 38-42 cm, and soil moisture is preserved by compaction after sowing;

2) in the seedling emergence stage and the initial flowering stage of the soybeans, crop nutrient solution prepared from the seaweed selenium polysaccharide and the EM bacteria is irrigated with water once, and the crop nutrient solution is prepared by adding the seaweed selenium polysaccharide, the EM bacteria and the brown sugar into water, uniformly mixing, placing in a shade, and fermenting at 18-24 ℃ for 48 hours. The amount of the crop nutrient solution added in each mu of soybeans is as follows: 20 kg of water, 700ml of seaweed selenium polysaccharide, 6000g of EM bacteria and 2400g of brown sugar.

3) In the pod setting period and the grain swelling period of the soybeans, after 4 pm, a mixed solution of 15 kilograms of water and 450ml of seaweed selenium polysaccharide is sprayed on each mu of soybeans, and the spraying is carried out once in each of the two periods.

The yield per mu of the organic selenium soybean planted by the method reaches 420 kg.

Detecting 200g of organic selenium soybean planted by a GB5009.93-2010 analysis method, wherein the detection temperature is 25 ℃, and the content of selenium element detected is 1010 mug/kg.

Example 3

A production method of organic selenium soybean comprises the following steps:

1) deeply ploughing and leveling the land, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-25cm, the plant spacing is 32-34 cm, the row spacing is 60-70 cm, 3000-3500 holes are sowed per mu, single-hole single-seed sowing is carried out, the seed consumption per mu is 1.3-1.7 kg, the plant height is controlled at 38-42 cm, and the soil moisture is preserved by compaction after sowing;

2) in the seedling emergence stage and the initial flowering stage of soybean, crop nutrient solution prepared from the selenium algal polysaccharide and the EM bacteria is irrigated with water once, and the crop nutrient solution is prepared by adding the selenium algal polysaccharide, the EM bacteria and the red cotton sugar into water, uniformly mixing, placing in a shade, and fermenting at 18-24 ℃ for 48 hours. The amount of the crop nutrient solution added in each mu of soybeans is as follows: 20 kg of water, 500ml of seaweed selenium polysaccharide, 4000g of EM bacteria and 1800g of brown sugar.

3) In the pod setting period and the grain swelling period of the soybeans, after 3 pm, 15 kilograms of water and 350ml of seaweed selenium polysaccharide mixed solution are sprayed on each mu of soybeans, and the spraying is carried out once in each of the two periods.

The yield per mu of the organic selenium soybean planted by the method reaches 425 kg.

Detecting 200g of organic selenium soybean planted by a GB5009.93-2010 analysis method, wherein the detection temperature is 25 ℃, and the content of selenium element detected is 1005 mug/kg.

Comparative example 1

The differences from example 1 are: in the step 2), the crop nutrient solution prepared from the seaweed selenium polysaccharide and the EM bacteria is not adopted to irrigate the roots with water, and other steps are unchanged. The yield per mu of the organic selenium soybean obtained by planting is 350 kg, and the selenium element content in the soybean is 850 mug/kg.

Comparative example 2

The differences from example 1 are: in the step 3), the seaweed selenium polysaccharide solution is not adopted for spraying, and other steps are not changed. The yield per mu of the organic selenium soybean obtained by planting is 370 kilograms, and the selenium element content in the soybean is 721 mug/kg.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A production method of organic selenium soybean is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: irrigating roots with water in the seedling emergence stage and the initial flowering stage of the soybeans by using crop nutrient solution prepared from seaweed selenium polysaccharide and EM (effective microorganisms); spraying the seaweed selenium polysaccharide solution on the leaf surfaces in both the pod setting period and the grain swelling period of the soybeans.

2. The method for producing organoselenium soybean according to claim 1, wherein: the crop nutrient solution also comprises brown sugar.

3. The method for producing organoselenium soybean according to claim 2, wherein: the concentration of each component in the crop nutrient solution is that 25-35ml of seaweed selenium polysaccharide, 200-300g of EM bacteria and 80-120g of brown sugar are respectively added into each kilogram of water.

4. The method for producing organoselenium soybean according to claim 3, wherein: the preparation method of the crop nutrient solution comprises the following steps: adding Sargassum selenium polysaccharide, EM bacteria and red cotton sugar into water, mixing, placing in shade, and fermenting at 18-24 deg.C for 40-50 h.

5. The method for producing organoselenium soybean according to claim 4, wherein: the dosage of the fertilizer applied to each mu of land is the amount of the crop nutrient solution corresponding to 20 kilograms of water.

6. The method for producing organoselenium soybean according to claim 1, wherein: the concentration of the seaweed selenium polysaccharide solution is that 20-30ml of seaweed selenium polysaccharide is added into each kilogram of water.

7. The method for producing organoselenium soybean according to claim 6, wherein: the seaweed selenium polysaccharide is sprayed on the leaf surface after 4 pm.

8. The method for producing organoselenium soybean according to claim 1, wherein: when the seaweed selenium polysaccharide solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, the using amount of the seaweed selenium polysaccharide solution per mu of land is 15 kilograms of water.

9. The method for producing organoselenium soybean according to claim 1, wherein: when the soybeans are planted, the plant spacing is 32-34 cm, the row spacing is 60-70 cm, 3000-3500 holes are sowed per mu, single-hole single-seed sowing is carried out, the seed consumption per mu is 1.3-1.7 kg, and the plant height is controlled at 38-42 cm.

10. The method for producing organoselenium soybean according to claim 9, wherein: when the soybeans are planted, deep ploughing and leveling the land, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-25cm, and compacting and preserving soil moisture after sowing.

11. The organoselenium soybean produced by the method for producing organoselenium soybean as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the organoselenium content of the organoselenium soybean is 1000-1020 μ g/kg.