CN109076882B - Culture method and application of selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia - Google Patents
Culture method and application of selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus culture and application, in particular to a culture method of selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia and application thereof. The method for culturing the selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia comprises the following steps: (1) culturing liquid strains of the edible fungi; (2) culturing the organic selenium edible fungus liquid; (3) preparing a selenium-rich raw material; (4) culturing the selenium-rich solid culture medium. The culture method of the invention adopts liquid fermentation culture combined with solid culture medium culture, greatly shortens the culture time of the edible fungus mycelium, has the production period of only 1/2-1/3 of the solid culture medium, has low production cost, is easy to carry out industrialized production, and carries out the culture of the selenium-rich edible fungus mycelium after transforming inorganic selenium into organic selenium which can be absorbed by human bodies through the self metabolism of the edible fungus mycelium, and the selenium content of the obtained selenium-rich edible fungus mycelium is high, is easy to be absorbed by the human bodies, and has better nutritive value and health care value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus culture and application, in particular to a culture method of selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia and application thereof.
Background
Selenium is a necessary trace element in human life activities, is called 'fire of life', has a tiny content in human bodies, but plays a great role in regulating and controlling human physiological functions and maintaining the optimal nutritional state of the human bodies. Selenium has effects in scavenging free radicals, resisting aging, and enhancing immunity. The absorption of the human body to the selenium is mainly obtained from food, the selenium content in the food determines the effect of supplementing the selenium, and in nature, some organisms have the function of enriching the selenium and can improve the selenium content of the food.
The mycelium of edible and medicinal fungi contains nutrient substances and medicinal components identical to those of the fruiting body, and especially has a polysaccharide content higher than that of the fruiting body. Therefore, the edible and medicinal fungi mycelium powder, in particular to the selenium-rich organic edible and medicinal fungi mycelium powder is a treasure in the big health industry, is an important raw material of health care products and functional foods, and is worthy of vigorous development. The edible fungi are one of the selenium-enriched fungi (see the paper of Hoodia odorata ' published in No. 4 of Hubei agricultural science 2005, "influence of growth of hyphae of edible fungi such as sodium selenite", and the paper of Shangde's quiet ' published in No. 3 of 1999, "comparison of selenium-enrichment capacity of four edible fungi").
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the method for culturing the selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia, which adopts liquid fermentation culture and solid culture medium culture, and has the advantages of short culture period, low cost and high selenium content.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the selenium-rich edible fungus mycelium, the production is simple, the cost is low, and the obtained selenium-rich edible fungus mycelium powder is rich in nutrition.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for culturing selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing liquid strains of the edible fungi: sequentially carrying out PDA culture medium culture, shake flask culture and fermentation tank aeration culture on the edible fungus mother strain to obtain an edible fungus liquid strain;
(2) culturing the organic selenium edible fungus liquid: preparing an inorganic selenium culture medium, and inoculating part of the edible fungus liquid strains obtained in the step (1) into the inorganic selenium culture medium for culture to obtain an organic selenium edible fungus liquid;
(3) preparing selenium-rich raw materials: soaking a mixture of soybean, corn and wheat for a certain time by using the organic selenium edible fungus liquid obtained in the step (2), and then airing to obtain a selenium-rich raw material;
(4) culturing a selenium-rich solid culture medium: and (3) mixing the soybeans, the corns and the wheat in the selenium-rich raw materials prepared in the step (3) according to a certain proportion, sterilizing and cooling the mixture to prepare a selenium-rich solid culture medium, and then inoculating the residual liquid strains of the edible fungi in the step (1) and culturing the liquid strains to obtain the selenium-rich edible fungi mycelia.
The culture method of the invention comprises the steps of firstly, sequentially carrying out PDA culture medium culture, shake flask culture and fermentation tank aeration culture on edible fungus mother strains to obtain edible fungus liquid strains, then, culturing part of the obtained edible fungus liquid strains in an inorganic selenium culture medium until mycelia grow out, converting inorganic selenium in the culture medium into organic selenium through absorption and metabolism in the growth process of the edible fungus liquid strains, finally obtaining organic selenium edible fungus liquid, wherein the organic selenium edible fungus liquid contains solid such as edible fungus mycelia rich in organic selenium elements and culture liquid, the culture liquid also contains a certain amount of selenium elements including most of the organic selenium elements and a small amount of inorganic selenium elements, then, soaking soybeans, wheat and corns with the obtained organic selenium edible fungus liquid to enable the soybeans, the wheat and the corns to fully absorb the organic selenium elements in the organic selenium edible fungus liquid, and preparing a selenium-rich solid culture medium by using the soaked soybeans, wheat and corns as raw materials, wherein the selenium-rich solid culture medium is rich in rich organic selenium elements, and finally, culturing the liquid strains of the edible fungi by using the selenium-rich solid culture medium until mycelia grow out, so that the mycelia of the selenium-rich edible fungi are obtained.
The culture method of the invention adopts liquid fermentation culture combined with solid culture medium culture, greatly shortens the culture time of the edible fungus mycelium, has the production period of only 1/2-1/3 of the solid culture medium, has low production cost, is easy to carry out industrialized production, and carries out the culture of the selenium-rich edible fungus mycelium after transforming inorganic selenium into organic selenium which can be absorbed by human bodies through the self metabolism of the edible fungus mycelium, and the selenium content of the obtained selenium-rich edible fungus mycelium is high, is easy to be absorbed by the human bodies, and has better nutritive value and health care value. The selenium content in the edible fungus dry mycelium cultured by the culture method of the invention reaches 45-80 micrograms per 100g, wherein the content of organic selenium element which is easy to be absorbed by human body is more than 85%.
The culture method provided by the invention has the advantages that the soybean, the wheat and the corn are used as main bodies, the organic selenium converted from the inorganic selenium by the edible fungus mycelium is absorbed through soaking, the edible fungus liquid strain is cultured by utilizing the converted organic selenium to prepare the selenium-rich solid culture medium, the edible fungus directly absorbs the self-converted organic selenium as a selenium source, the absorption rate is higher, the selenium content of the cultured edible fungus mycelium is high, and the organic selenium content is greatly improved.
Preferably, in the step (1), the temperature of the PDA culture medium is 20-25 ℃, and the culture time is 7-9 d; the preparation method of the PDA culture medium comprises the following steps: taking 100-300g of potato, adding 1000ml of water, cooking, filtering to obtain a filtrate, sequentially adding 10-30g of glucose, 10-30g of agar, 0.2-1g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-2g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 3-10g of soybean meal, 3-10g of peptone and 1-5g of yeast powder into the filtrate, heating to dissolve, supplementing water to 1000ml, sterilizing the obtained culture solution at the temperature of 115-130 ℃ for 20-40min, and cooling to 20-30 ℃ to obtain the PDA culture medium.
The PDA culture medium is prepared by adopting the raw materials and the method, and the culture conditions are matched, so that the culture efficiency and the culture effect of the edible fungus strains can be greatly improved. Weighing potato, glucose, agar, magnesium sulfate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, soybean meal powder, peptone and yeast powder according to the mass, cutting the potato into small blocks, adding 1L of water to boil the potato until the potato is not rotten, filtering the potato by using gauze, boiling the filtered filtrate and the weighed other raw materials until all the medicines are dissolved, uniformly mixing the medicines, subpackaging the obtained product in a culture dish, sealing the culture dish by using the gauze, placing the sealed culture dish in a high-pressure steam sterilization pot, sterilizing the obtained product for 20-40min at the temperature of 115 ℃ for 130 ℃, and cooling the obtained product after the sterilization is finished to obtain the PDA culture medium.
Preferably, in the step (1), the temperature of the shake flask culture is 20-25 ℃, the culture time is 5-7d, and the raw materials of each 1000ml of shake flask culture medium comprise: 1-6g of bean foil powder, 20-60g of white sugar, 0.5-1.5g of yeast extract, 0.5-1.5g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5-1.5g of magnesium sulfate.
The invention adopts the raw materials and the method to prepare the shake flask culture medium to culture the liquid strains of the edible fungi, and the culture conditions are matched, so that the edible fungi strains can be propagated more uniformly, the concentrated propagation of the edible fungi strains in a certain space is avoided, and the propagation efficiency and the propagation effect of the edible fungi strains are improved. Specifically, the preparation method of the shake flask culture medium comprises the following steps: weighing 1-6g of bean foil powder, 20-60g of white sugar, 0.5-1.5g of yeast extract, 0.5-1.5g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5-1.5g of magnesium sulfate, dissolving the raw materials in 1000ml of water in sequence, heating to dissolve, supplementing water to 1000ml after complete dissolution, adjusting the pH value to 6.9-7.5, sterilizing at the temperature of 115-plus 135 ℃ for 20-45min, and cooling to 20-30 ℃ to obtain the shake flask culture medium. Preferably, in the step (1), 3g of bean foil powder, 30g of white sugar, 0.83g of yeast extract, 0.83g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.83g of magnesium sulfate are weighed, the raw materials are sequentially dissolved in 1000ml of water and heated to be dissolved, water is supplemented to 1000ml after complete dissolution, the pH value is adjusted to 6.9-7.5, then the raw materials are sterilized at 124 ℃ for 35min, and the cooled to 23 ℃ to obtain the shake flask culture medium.
Preferably, in the step (1), the temperature of the aeration culture of the fermentation tank is 20-25 ℃, the time of the aeration culture is 4-6d, the aeration pressure is 0.01-0.03MPa, and the raw materials of the culture medium for aeration culture of each 1000ml fermentation tank comprise: 1-6g of bean foil powder, 20-60g of white sugar, 0.5-3g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-3g of peptone and 0.5-3g of monopotassium phosphate.
The invention adopts the raw materials and the method to prepare the culture medium for the aerated culture of the fermentation tank to culture the liquid strains of the edible fungi, and the culture conditions are matched, so that the growth time of the strains of the edible fungi can be shortened, the propagation of the strains of the edible fungi is more uniform, and the culture efficiency and the culture effect are good. Specifically, the preparation method of the culture medium for aeration culture of the fermentation tank comprises the following steps of weighing 1-6g of bean foil powder, 20-60g of white sugar, 0.5-3g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-3g of peptone and 0.5-3g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dissolving the raw materials in 1000ml of water in sequence, heating to dissolve the raw materials, supplementing water to 1000ml after complete dissolution, adjusting the pH value to 6.9-7.5, sterilizing at the temperature of 115 ℃ and 135 ℃ for 20-45min, and cooling to 20-30 ℃ to obtain the culture medium for aeration culture of the fermentation tank. Preferably, in the step (1), 3g of bean foil powder, 30g of white sugar, 1g of magnesium sulfate, 1g of peptone and 1g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are weighed, the raw materials are sequentially dissolved in 1000ml of water and heated to be dissolved, water is supplemented to 1000ml after the raw materials are completely dissolved, the pH value is adjusted to 6.9-7.5, then the raw materials are sterilized at 124 ℃ for 35min and cooled to 23 ℃, and the culture medium for aeration culture of the fermentation tank is obtained.
Preferably, in the step (2), the liquid strain of the edible fungi is inoculated into an inorganic selenium culture medium for aeration culture, the culture temperature is 20-25 ℃, the culture time is 5-7d, the aeration pressure is 0.01-0.03MPa, and the raw materials of the inorganic selenium culture medium per 1000ml comprise: 1-6g of bean foil powder, 20-60g of white sugar, 0.5-1.5g of peptone, 0.5-1.5g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5-1.5g of magnesium sulfate and 180-600mg of inorganic selenium.
The invention adopts the raw materials and the method to prepare the inorganic selenium culture medium to culture the liquid strain of the edible fungus, and the culture conditions are matched, so that the growth time of the strain of the edible fungus can be shortened, the propagation of the strain of the edible fungus is more uniform, the culture efficiency and the culture effect are good, and the absorption and the transformation capacity of the edible fungus to the inorganic selenium in the growth process can be enhanced. Specifically, the preparation method of the inorganic selenium culture medium comprises the following steps: weighing 1-6g of bean foil powder, 20-60g of white sugar, 0.5-1.5g of peptone, 0.5-1.5g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5-1.5g of magnesium sulfate and 400mg of inorganic selenium, sequentially dissolving the raw materials in 1000ml of water, heating to dissolve, supplementing water to 1000ml after complete dissolution, adjusting the pH value to 6.9-7.5, sterilizing at the temperature of 115 ℃ and 135 ℃ for 20-45min, and cooling to 20-30 ℃ to obtain the inorganic selenium culture medium. Preferably, in the step (2), 3g of bean foil powder, 30g of white sugar, 0.83g of peptone, 0.83g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.83g of magnesium sulfate and 400mg of inorganic selenium are weighed, the raw materials are sequentially dissolved in 1000ml of water and heated to be dissolved, water is supplemented to 1000ml after the raw materials are completely dissolved, the pH value is adjusted to 6.9-7.5, then the raw materials are sterilized at 124 ℃ for 35min and cooled to 23 ℃, and the inorganic selenium culture medium is obtained.
Preferably, in the step (3), the initial liquid content of the mixture formed by the added soybean, corn, wheat and organic selenium edible fungus bacterial liquid is 38% -50%, and the mixture is soaked until the liquid in the mixture is completely absorbed, the soaking temperature is 35-50 ℃, and the soybean, corn and wheat are particles with the particle size of 4-8 mm.
The culture method of the invention adopts soybean, wheat and corn as main bodies to absorb organic selenium converted from inorganic selenium by the edible fungus mycelium per se through soaking, and prepares the organic selenium-rich solid culture medium to culture the edible fungus liquid strain, thereby changing the traditional concept that the hericium erinaceus used as wood rot fungi must rely on wood culture medium for growth, and the cultured edible fungus mycelium has higher organic selenium content, wherein the selenium content in every 100g of the edible fungus dry mycelium cultured by the culture method of the invention reaches 45-80 micrograms, and the content of organic selenium element which is easy to be absorbed by human body is more than 85 percent. In the invention, soybean particles, corn particles and wheat particles with the particle size of 4-8mm are added into the organic selenium edible fungus liquid until the liquid content of the whole mixing system is 38% -50%, then the soaking is carried out at the temperature of 35-50 ℃ until the liquid in the mixing system is completely absorbed, at the moment, the water content of the soybean particles, the corn particles and the wheat particles is 38% -50%, then the soybean particles, the wheat particles and the corn particles are dried to obtain the soybean particles, the wheat particles and the corn particles rich in organic selenium, the solid culture medium prepared by the soybean particles, the wheat particles and the corn particles is used for culturing the edible fungus liquid strain, and the edible fungus liquid strain directly absorbs the organic selenium element, so that the content of the organic selenium element in the selenium-enriched edible fungus mycelia is greatly increased. Preferably, in the step (3), the initial liquid content of the mixture formed by the added soybean, corn, wheat and organic selenium edible fungus bacterial liquid is 43% -45%, and the mixture is soaked until the liquid in the mixture is completely absorbed, the soaking temperature is 35-50 ℃, the soybean, corn and wheat are particles with the particle size of 5-6mm, and the water content of the soaked soybean, corn and wheat is 40% -45%.
Preferably, before soaking, the organic selenium edible fungus liquid obtained in the step (2) is shaken up, so that the edible fungus mycelia in the organic selenium edible fungus liquid are uniformly dispersed in the liquid.
Before soaking, the organic selenium edible fungus bacterial liquid is shaken up, so that the edible fungus mycelia are uniformly dispersed in the bacterial liquid, the organic selenium in the edible fungus mycelia can be uniformly dispersed into the bacterial liquid, the bacterial liquid and the edible fungus mycelia are used as an organic selenium source together to provide organic selenium elements for soybeans, wheat and corns which are soaked in the bacterial liquid, and the organic selenium content of the soybeans, the wheat and the corns after soaking is improved.
Preferably, in the step (4), the selenium-rich solid culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 3-7% of soybean, 20-30% of wheat and the balance of corn.
The invention provides proper nutrition proportion for the growth of the edible fungus mycelia by adopting the soybean, the wheat and the corn in the proportion, and is beneficial to the culture efficiency and the culture effect of the edible fungus mycelia. Preferably, in the step (4), the selenium-rich solid culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 5% of soybean and 25% of wheat, and the balance of corn.
Preferably, the specific culture method in step (4) comprises the following steps: in a hundred-grade purification culture room, firstly culturing an inoculated liquid strain of the edible fungi at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 10-15 days, then rubbing off the edible fungi mycelia growing on the surface of a selenium-rich solid culture medium under an aseptic condition, continuously culturing at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 10-15 days, rubbing off the edible fungi mycelia growing on the surface of the selenium-rich solid culture medium under the aseptic condition again, and continuously culturing at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 10-15 days to obtain the selenium-rich edible fungi mycelia.
The invention can improve the yield of the edible fungus mycelium through three times of culture, thereby greatly improving the content of polysaccharide and other effective components in the edible fungus mycelium.
Preferably, the edible fungus is one of cordyceps mushroom, grifola frondosa, agaricus blazei, black-skin collybia albuminosa, morchella esculenta, bolete, pleurotus geesteranus, shiitake mushroom, agaric, ganoderma lucidum and antrodia camphorata.
The selenium-rich edible fungi cultured by the culture method has high organic selenium content, is beneficial to absorption by human bodies, and has great health care value.
The other purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the application of the selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia comprises the steps of drying the edible fungus mycelia and the selenium-rich solid culture medium, and crushing the dried edible fungus mycelia into fine powder of 80-100 meshes to obtain selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia powder.
The selenium-rich edible fungus mycelium powder contains rich organic selenium element, is beneficial to absorption by human bodies, and has great health care value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the culture method of the invention adopts liquid fermentation culture combined with solid culture medium culture, greatly shortens the culture time of the edible fungus mycelium, has the production period of only 1/2-1/3 of the solid culture medium, has low production cost, is easy to carry out industrialized production, and carries out the culture of the selenium-rich edible fungus mycelium after transforming inorganic selenium into organic selenium which can be absorbed by human bodies through the self metabolism of the edible fungus mycelium, and the selenium content of the obtained selenium-rich edible fungus mycelium is high, is easy to be absorbed by the human bodies, and has better nutritive value and health care value. The selenium content in the edible fungus dry mycelium cultured by the culture method of the invention reaches 45-80 micrograms per 100g, wherein the content of organic selenium element which is easy to be absorbed by human body is more than 85%.
The culture method of the invention adopts the soybeans, the wheat and the corns as main bodies to absorb the organic selenium converted from the inorganic selenium by the edible fungus mycelium per se through soaking, and prepares the selenium-rich solid culture medium to culture the liquid strain of the edible fungus, thereby changing the traditional concept that the hericium erinaceus used as wood rot fungi must grow by depending on a wood culture medium.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples for facilitating understanding of those skilled in the art, and the description of the embodiments is not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
A method for culturing selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing liquid strains of the edible fungi: sequentially carrying out PDA culture medium culture, shake flask culture and fermentation tank aeration culture on the edible fungus mother strain to obtain an edible fungus liquid strain;
(2) culturing the organic selenium edible fungus liquid: preparing an inorganic selenium culture medium, and inoculating part of the edible fungus liquid strains obtained in the step (1) into the inorganic selenium culture medium for culture to obtain an organic selenium edible fungus liquid;
(3) preparing selenium-rich raw materials: soaking a mixture of soybean, corn and wheat for a certain time by using the organic selenium edible fungus liquid obtained in the step (2), and then airing to obtain a selenium-rich raw material;
(4) culturing a selenium-rich solid culture medium: and (3) mixing the soybeans, the corns and the wheat in the selenium-rich raw materials prepared in the step (3) according to a certain proportion, sterilizing and cooling the mixture to prepare a selenium-rich solid culture medium, and then inoculating the residual liquid strains of the edible fungi in the step (1) and culturing the liquid strains to obtain the selenium-rich edible fungi mycelia.
In the step (1), the temperature of the PDA culture medium is 20 ℃, and the culture time is 9 d; the preparation method of the PDA culture medium comprises the following steps: 100g of potatoes are taken and added with 1000ml of water for cooking, then filtration is carried out to obtain filtrate, 10g of glucose, 10g of agar, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 3g of soybean meal, 3g of peptone and 1g of yeast powder are respectively added into the filtrate, heating is carried out until dissolution is carried out, water is added to 1000ml, the obtained culture solution is sterilized at the temperature of 115 ℃ for 40min, and then cooling is carried out to 20 ℃ to obtain the PDA culture medium.
In the step (1), the temperature of shake-flask culture is 20 ℃, the culture time is 7d, and the raw materials of each 1000ml of shake-flask culture medium comprise: 1g of bean foil powder, 20g of white sugar, 0.5g of yeast extract, 0.5g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5g of magnesium sulfate.
In the step (1), the temperature of aeration culture of the fermentation tank is 20 ℃, the aeration culture time is 6d, the aeration pressure is 0.01MPa, and the raw materials of the culture medium for aeration culture of each 1000ml of fermentation tank comprise: 1g of bean foil powder, 20g of white sugar, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5g of peptone and 0.5g of monopotassium phosphate.
In the step (2), the culture temperature is 20 ℃, the culture time is 7d, and the raw materials of each 1000ml of the inorganic selenium culture medium comprise: 1g of bean foil powder, 20g of white sugar, 0.5g of peptone, 0.5g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate and 40 mu g of inorganic selenium.
In the step (3), the initial liquid content of the mixture formed by the added soybean, corn, wheat and organic selenium edible fungus bacterial liquid is 38 percent, and the mixture is soaked until the liquid in the mixture is completely absorbed, the soaking temperature is 35 ℃, and the soybean, the corn and the wheat are particles with the particle size of 4 mm.
Before soaking, shaking the organic selenium edible fungus liquid obtained in the step (2) uniformly, so that the edible fungus mycelia in the organic selenium edible fungus liquid are uniformly dispersed in the fungus liquid.
In the step (4), the selenium-rich solid culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 3% of soybean and 20% of wheat, and the balance of corn.
The specific culture method of the step (4) comprises the following steps: in a hundred-grade purification culture room, firstly culturing an inoculated edible fungus liquid strain for 15 days at the temperature of 20 ℃, then rubbing off edible fungus mycelia growing on the surface of a selenium-rich solid culture medium under an aseptic condition, continuing to culture for 15 days at the temperature of 20 ℃, rubbing off the edible fungus mycelia growing on the surface of the selenium-rich solid culture medium under the aseptic condition again, and continuing to culture for 15 days at the temperature of 20 ℃ to obtain the selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia.
The edible fungi is antrodia camphorata fungi.
Example 2
A method for culturing selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing liquid strains of the edible fungi: sequentially carrying out PDA culture medium culture, shake flask culture and fermentation tank aeration culture on the edible fungus mother strain to obtain an edible fungus liquid strain;
(2) culturing the organic selenium edible fungus liquid: preparing an inorganic selenium culture medium, and inoculating part of the edible fungus liquid strains obtained in the step (1) into the inorganic selenium culture medium for culture to obtain an organic selenium edible fungus liquid;
(3) preparing selenium-rich raw materials: soaking a mixture of soybean, corn and wheat for a certain time by using the organic selenium edible fungus liquid obtained in the step (2), and then airing to obtain a selenium-rich raw material;
(4) culturing a selenium-rich solid culture medium: and (3) mixing the soybeans, the corns and the wheat in the selenium-rich raw materials prepared in the step (3) according to a certain proportion, sterilizing and cooling the mixture to prepare a selenium-rich solid culture medium, and then inoculating the residual liquid strains of the edible fungi in the step (1) and culturing the liquid strains to obtain the selenium-rich edible fungi mycelia.
In the step (1), the temperature of the PDA culture medium is 25 ℃, and the culture time is 7 d; the preparation method of the PDA culture medium comprises the following steps: adding 300g of potatoes into 1000ml of water for cooking, then filtering to obtain filtrate, respectively adding 30g of glucose, 30g of agar, 1g of magnesium sulfate, 2g of dipotassium phosphate, 10g of soybean meal, 10g of peptone and 5g of yeast powder into the filtrate, heating to dissolve, supplementing water to 1000ml, sterilizing the obtained culture solution at 130 ℃ for 20min, and then cooling to 30 ℃ to obtain the PDA culture medium.
In the step (1), the temperature of shake-flask culture is 25 ℃, the culture time is 5d, and the raw materials of each 1000ml of shake-flask culture medium comprise: 6g of bean foil powder, 60g of white sugar, 1.5g of yeast extract, 1.5g of monopotassium phosphate and 1.5g of magnesium sulfate.
In the step (1), the temperature of aeration culture of the fermentation tank is 25 ℃, the aeration culture time is 4d, the aeration pressure is 0.03MPa, and the raw materials of the culture medium for aeration culture of each 1000ml of fermentation tank comprise: 6g of bean foil powder, 60g of white sugar, 3g of magnesium sulfate, 3g of peptone and 3g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
In the step (2), the culture temperature is 25 ℃, the culture time is 5d, and the raw materials of each 1000ml of the inorganic selenium culture medium comprise: 6g of bean foil powder, 60g of white sugar, 1.5g of peptone, 1.5g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.5g of magnesium sulfate and 100 mu g of inorganic selenium.
In the step (3), the initial liquid content of the mixture formed by the added soybean, corn, wheat and organic selenium edible fungus liquid is 50%, and the mixture is soaked until the liquid in the mixture is completely absorbed, the soaking temperature is 50 ℃, and the soybean, the corn and the wheat are granules with the grain diameter of 8 mm.
Before soaking, shaking the organic selenium edible fungus liquid obtained in the step (2) uniformly, so that the edible fungus mycelia in the organic selenium edible fungus liquid are uniformly dispersed in the fungus liquid.
In the step (4), the selenium-rich solid culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 7% of soybean and 30% of wheat, and the balance of corn.
The specific culture method of the step (4) comprises the following steps: in a hundred-grade purification culture room, firstly culturing an inoculated edible fungus liquid strain at 25 ℃ for 10 days, then rubbing off edible fungus mycelia growing on the surface of a selenium-rich solid culture medium under an aseptic condition, continuing to culture the edible fungus mycelia growing on the surface of the selenium-rich solid culture medium at 25 ℃ for 10 days, rubbing off the edible fungus mycelia growing on the surface of the selenium-rich solid culture medium under the aseptic condition again, and continuing to culture the edible fungus mycelia at 25 ℃ for 10 days to obtain the selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia.
The edible fungus is Ganoderma.
Example 3
A method for culturing selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing liquid strains of the edible fungi: sequentially carrying out PDA culture medium culture, shake flask culture and fermentation tank aeration culture on the edible fungus mother strain to obtain an edible fungus liquid strain;
(2) culturing the organic selenium edible fungus liquid: preparing an inorganic selenium culture medium, and inoculating part of the edible fungus liquid strains obtained in the step (1) into the inorganic selenium culture medium for culture to obtain an organic selenium edible fungus liquid;
(3) preparing selenium-rich raw materials: soaking a mixture of soybean, corn and wheat for a certain time by using the organic selenium edible fungus liquid obtained in the step (2), and then airing to obtain a selenium-rich raw material;
(4) culturing a selenium-rich solid culture medium: and (3) mixing the soybeans, the corns and the wheat in the selenium-rich raw materials prepared in the step (3) according to a certain proportion, sterilizing and cooling the mixture to prepare a selenium-rich solid culture medium, and then inoculating the residual liquid strains of the edible fungi in the step (1) and culturing the liquid strains to obtain the selenium-rich edible fungi mycelia.
In the step (1), the temperature of the PDA culture medium is 23 ℃, and the culture time is 8 d; the preparation method of the PDA culture medium comprises the following steps: adding 200g of potatoes into 1000ml of water for cooking, filtering to obtain filtrate, respectively adding 20g of glucose, 20g of agar, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate, 1g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5g of soybean meal, 5g of peptone and 3g of yeast powder into the filtrate, heating to dissolve, supplementing water to 1000ml, sterilizing the obtained culture solution at the temperature of 124 ℃ for 35min, and cooling to 23 ℃ to obtain the PDA culture medium.
In the step (1), the temperature of shake flask culture is 23 ℃, the culture time is 6d, and the raw materials of each 1000ml of shake flask culture medium comprise: 3g of bean foil powder, 30g of white sugar, 0.83g of yeast extract, 0.83g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.83g of magnesium sulfate.
In the step (1), the temperature of aeration culture of the fermentation tank is 23 ℃, the aeration culture time is 5d, the aeration pressure is 0.02MPa, and the raw materials of the culture medium for aeration culture of each 1000ml fermentation tank comprise: 3g of bean foil powder, 30g of white sugar, 1g of magnesium sulfate, 1g of peptone and 1g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
In the step (2), the culture temperature is 23 ℃, the culture time is 6d, and the raw materials of each 1000ml of the inorganic selenium culture medium comprise: 3g of bean foil powder, 30g of white sugar, 0.83g of peptone, 0.83g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.83g of magnesium sulfate and 60 mu g of inorganic selenium.
In the step (3), the initial liquid content of the mixture formed by the added soybean, corn, wheat and organic selenium edible fungus liquid is 43%, and the mixture is soaked until the liquid in the mixture is completely absorbed, the soaking temperature is 40 ℃, and the soybean, the corn and the wheat are particles with the particle size of 5 mm.
Before soaking, shaking the organic selenium edible fungus liquid obtained in the step (2) uniformly, so that the edible fungus mycelia in the organic selenium edible fungus liquid are uniformly dispersed in the fungus liquid.
In the step (4), the selenium-rich solid culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 5% of soybean and 25% of wheat, and the balance of corn.
The specific culture method of the step (4) comprises the following steps: in a hundred-grade purification culture room, firstly culturing an inoculated edible fungus liquid strain at 23 ℃ for 12 days, then rubbing off edible fungus mycelia growing on the surface of a selenium-rich solid culture medium under an aseptic condition, continuing to culture the edible fungus mycelia growing on the surface of the selenium-rich solid culture medium at 23 ℃ for 12 days, rubbing off the edible fungus mycelia growing on the surface of the selenium-rich solid culture medium under the aseptic condition again, and continuing to culture the edible fungus mycelia at 23 ℃ for 12 days to obtain the selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia.
The edible fungus is Cordyceps.
Example 4
A method for culturing selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing liquid strains of the edible fungi: sequentially carrying out PDA culture medium culture, shake flask culture and fermentation tank aeration culture on the edible fungus mother strain to obtain an edible fungus liquid strain;
(2) culturing the organic selenium edible fungus liquid: preparing an inorganic selenium culture medium, and inoculating part of the edible fungus liquid strains obtained in the step (1) into the inorganic selenium culture medium for culture to obtain an organic selenium edible fungus liquid;
(3) preparing selenium-rich raw materials: soaking a mixture of soybean, corn and wheat for a certain time by using the organic selenium edible fungus liquid obtained in the step (2), and then airing to obtain a selenium-rich raw material;
(4) culturing a selenium-rich solid culture medium: and (3) mixing the soybeans, the corns and the wheat in the selenium-rich raw materials prepared in the step (3) according to a certain proportion, sterilizing and cooling the mixture to prepare a selenium-rich solid culture medium, and then inoculating the residual liquid strains of the edible fungi in the step (1) and culturing the liquid strains to obtain the selenium-rich edible fungi mycelia.
In the step (1), the temperature of the PDA culture medium is 22 ℃, and the culture time is 8 d; the preparation method of the PDA culture medium comprises the following steps: adding 250g of potatoes into 1000ml of water for cooking, filtering to obtain filtrate, respectively adding 25g of glucose, 25g of agar, 0.8g of magnesium sulfate, 1.5g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 7g of soybean meal, 7g of peptone and 2.5g of yeast powder into the filtrate, heating to dissolve, supplementing water to 1000ml, sterilizing the obtained culture solution at 120 ℃ for 30min, and cooling to 22 ℃ to obtain the PDA culture medium.
In the step (1), the temperature of shake-flask culture is 22 ℃, the culture time is 6d, and the raw materials of each 1000ml of shake-flask culture medium comprise: 4g of bean foil powder, 40g of white sugar, 1.2g of yeast extract, 1.2g of monopotassium phosphate and 1.2g of magnesium sulfate.
In the step (1), the temperature of aeration culture of the fermentation tank is 22 ℃, the aeration culture time is 5d, the aeration pressure is 0.02MPa, and the raw materials of the culture medium for aeration culture of each 1000ml of fermentation tank comprise: 4g of bean foil powder, 40g of white sugar, 2g of magnesium sulfate, 2g of peptone and 2g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
In the step (2), the culture temperature is 22 ℃, the culture time is 6d, and the raw materials of each 1000ml of the inorganic selenium culture medium comprise: 4g of bean foil powder, 40g of white sugar, 1.2g of peptone, 1.2g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.2g of magnesium sulfate and 80 mu g of inorganic selenium.
In the step (3), the initial liquid content of the mixture formed by the added soybean, corn, wheat and organic selenium edible fungus liquid is 44%, and the mixture is soaked until the liquid in the mixture is completely absorbed, the soaking temperature is 42 ℃, and the soybean, the corn and the wheat are particles with the particle size of 6 mm.
Before soaking, shaking the organic selenium edible fungus liquid obtained in the step (2) uniformly, so that the edible fungus mycelia in the organic selenium edible fungus liquid are uniformly dispersed in the fungus liquid.
In the step (4), the selenium-rich solid culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 4% of soybean and 28% of wheat, and the balance of corn.
The specific culture method of the step (4) comprises the following steps: in a hundred-grade purification culture room, firstly culturing an inoculated edible fungus liquid strain for 13 days at the temperature of 22 ℃, then rubbing off edible fungus mycelia growing on the surface of a selenium-rich solid culture medium under aseptic conditions, continuing to culture for 13 days at the temperature of 22 ℃, rubbing off the edible fungus mycelia growing on the surface of the selenium-rich solid culture medium under aseptic conditions again, and continuing to culture for 13 days at the temperature of 22 ℃ to obtain the selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia.
The edible fungus is Agaricus blazei.
Example 5
An application of selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia is characterized in that the edible fungus mycelia obtained in the embodiments 1-4 and the selenium-rich solid culture medium are dried together and then are crushed into 80-100 meshes of fine powder to obtain selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia powder.
The above-described embodiments are preferred implementations of the present invention, and the present invention may be implemented in other ways without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for culturing selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) culturing liquid strains of the edible fungi: sequentially carrying out PDA culture medium culture, shake flask culture and fermentation tank aeration culture on the edible fungus mother strain to obtain an edible fungus liquid strain;
(2) culturing the organic selenium edible fungus liquid: preparing an inorganic selenium culture medium, and inoculating part of the edible fungus liquid strains obtained in the step (1) into the inorganic selenium culture medium for culture to obtain an organic selenium edible fungus liquid;
(3) preparing selenium-rich raw materials: soaking a mixture of soybean, corn and wheat for a certain time by using the organic selenium edible fungus liquid obtained in the step (2), and then airing to obtain a selenium-rich raw material;
(4) culturing a selenium-rich solid culture medium: mixing the soybeans, the corns and the wheat in the selenium-rich raw materials prepared in the step (3) according to a certain proportion, sterilizing and cooling the mixture to prepare a selenium-rich solid culture medium, and then inoculating the residual liquid strains of the edible fungi in the step (1) and culturing the liquid strains to obtain selenium-rich edible fungi mycelia;
in the step (1), the temperature of shake flask culture is 20-25 ℃, the culture time is 5-7d, and the raw materials of each 1000ml of shake flask culture medium comprise: 1-6g of bean foil powder, 20-60g of white sugar, 0.5-1.5g of yeast extract, 0.5-1.5g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5-1.5g of magnesium sulfate;
in the step (1), the temperature of aeration culture of the fermentation tank is 20-25 ℃, the aeration culture time is 4-6d, the aeration pressure is 0.01-0.03MPa, and the raw materials of the culture medium for aeration culture of each 1000ml of fermentation tank comprise: 1-6g of bean foil powder, 20-60g of white sugar, 0.5-3g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-3g of peptone and 0.5-3g of monopotassium phosphate;
in the step (2), the liquid strain of the edible fungi is inoculated into an inorganic selenium culture medium for aeration culture, the culture temperature is 20-25 ℃, the culture time is 5-7d, the aeration pressure is 0.01-0.03MPa, and the raw materials of each 1000ml of the inorganic selenium culture medium comprise: 1-6g of bean foil powder, 20-60g of white sugar, 0.5-1.5g of peptone, 0.5-1.5g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5-1.5g of magnesium sulfate and 180-600mg of inorganic selenium;
in the step (3), the initial liquid content of the mixture formed by the added soybean, corn, wheat and organic selenium edible fungus liquid is 38% -50%, and the mixture is soaked until the liquid in the mixture is completely absorbed, the soaking temperature is 35-50 ℃, and the soybean, corn and wheat are particles with the particle size of 4-8 mm;
the edible fungus is one of Cordyceps, Grifola frondosa, Agaricus blazei Murill, Collybia albuminosa, Morchella esculenta, bolete, Pleurotus geesteranus, Lentinus edodes, Auricularia, Ganoderma, and Antrodia camphorata;
in the step (1), the temperature of the PDA culture medium is 20-25 ℃, and the culture time is 7-9 d; the preparation method of the PDA culture medium comprises the following steps: taking 100-300g of potato, adding 1000ml of water, cooking, filtering to obtain a filtrate, sequentially adding 10-30g of glucose, 10-30g of agar, 0.2-1g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-2g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 3-10g of soybean meal, 3-10g of peptone and 1-5g of yeast powder into the filtrate, heating to dissolve, supplementing water to 1000ml, sterilizing the obtained culture solution at the temperature of 115-130 ℃ for 20-40min, and cooling to 20-30 ℃ to obtain the PDA culture medium.
2. The method for culturing the mycelia of selenium-enriched edible fungi according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: before soaking, shaking the organic selenium edible fungus liquid obtained in the step (2) uniformly, so that the edible fungus mycelia in the organic selenium edible fungus liquid are uniformly dispersed in the fungus liquid.
3. The method for culturing the mycelia of selenium-enriched edible fungi according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the selenium-rich solid culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 3-7% of soybean, 20-30% of wheat and the balance of corn.
4. The method for culturing the mycelia of selenium-enriched edible fungi according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the specific culture method of the step (4) comprises the following steps: in a hundred-grade purification culture room, firstly culturing an inoculated liquid strain of the edible fungi at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 10-15 days, then rubbing off the edible fungi mycelia growing on the surface of a selenium-rich solid culture medium under an aseptic condition, continuously culturing at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 10-15 days, rubbing off the edible fungi mycelia growing on the surface of the selenium-rich solid culture medium under the aseptic condition again, and continuously culturing at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 10-15 days to obtain the selenium-rich edible fungi mycelia.
5. The application of the selenium-rich edible fungus mycelium is characterized in that: the edible fungus mycelia cultured by the method for culturing the selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia according to any one of claims 1 to 4 are dried together with the selenium-rich solid culture medium and then are crushed into fine powder of 80 to 100 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich edible fungus mycelia powder.
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| CN110074403A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-08-02 | 绵阳市安州区保兴食用菌农业科技有限公司 | A kind of powder of edible fungus and preparation method thereof |
| CN110257261A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-09-20 | 硒利技术研发有限公司 | A kind of production method of selenium-rich antrodia mycelia |
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| CN115500204A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-12-23 | 江苏中农科食品工程股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating edible fungi rich in organic selenium |
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