CN108967099A - A kind of cultural method of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome Download PDFInfo
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- CN108967099A CN108967099A CN201811096153.5A CN201811096153A CN108967099A CN 108967099 A CN108967099 A CN 108967099A CN 201811096153 A CN201811096153 A CN 201811096153A CN 108967099 A CN108967099 A CN 108967099A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
- C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
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Abstract
The invention belongs to crop Interplanting technique fields, and in particular to a kind of cultural method of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome.Chinese yam rhizome provided by the invention and sugar orange interplanting method, Chinese yam rhizome stem tuber vertically grows depth up to 40-100cm down, simultaneously to lateral enlarged diametric 5.0-8.0cm, play the role of good chesson, promote sugar orange root system vertically and laterally to grow well, conducive to the nutrient and moisture absorbed in soil, improves the survival rate of sugar orange sapling, 10% or more is improved compared to comparative example, efficiently solves the problems, such as that slope soil sapling survival rate is low.Simultaneously, moreover it is possible to further promote sugar orange nutrient growth, promote its holding flourishing.In addition, researcher also found, sugar orange and Chinese yam rhizome are interplanted, moreover it is possible to the generation of sugar orange root disease is effectively reduced, it is especially obvious to the inhibitory effect of foot rot.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop Interplanting technique fields, and in particular to a kind of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome
Cultural method.
Background technique
Granulated sugar tangerine also known as tangerine in October, because its is sweet as gained the name due to granulated sugar.It is vitamin C rich in, cellulosic, a small amount of
Protein, fat and glucose abundant, fructose, sucrose, malic acid, citric acid, citric acid and carrotene, thiamine,
Riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid etc., also containing element necessary to the human bodies such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, granulated sugar tangerine is sweet in flavor sour, cold in nature,
With regulating qi-flowing for eliminating phlegm, moistening lung gut purge, invigorating the spleen and other effects of enriching blood, quite liked by people, in recent years the cultivated area of sugar orange by
It is cumulative to add.
Hilly upland refers to the soil of Hills and hypsography.In China, the 2/3 of agriculture plantation belongs to hillside fields.One
As hillside fields soil layer it is relatively thin, severe water and soil erosion, fertility is poor, arid, be the poor soil types of Growth status condition.Sugar orange
It is planted on hilly upland and will appear that survival rate is low, is not easy the problems such as taking root.
In addition, in the planting process of sugar orange, other than the unfavorable factor in terms of soil, there is also management process not sections
The problems such as learning, being easy to happen disease.Foot rot, is a kind of Common Diseases also known as skirt maize ear rot, rotten root and stem of certain plants disease, brown rot, which can be by
A variety of Phytophthora fungi intrusions cause.In sugar orange producing region, it is susceptible after the decline of tree body tree vigo(u)r, yield sharply declines, Er Qiehui
The mortality for causing sugar orange plant, seriously affects orange yield and fruit quality.Currently, sugar orange foot rot is in production
Mainly based on Agro-chemicals control, residual of the pesticide on soil and crop is be easy to cause using Agro-chemicals control, to soil
Earth, underground water, river, lake pollute, and especially endanger to the existence of the mankind, development and health care belt.Chemical pesticide
A large amount of use also makes germ produce certain drug resistance to common medicament, declines its control efficiency constantly.So must seek
The problems such as new approach is looked for overcome Agro-chemicals control bring pesticide residue and germ drug resistance.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that sugar orange in the prior art is overcome to plant in hilly upland
The defects of survival rate is low in journey, is not easy to take root, and disease control is not scientific, to provide a kind of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden
The cultural method of Chinese yam rhizome.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of cultural method of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome, comprising the following steps:
It digs cave field planting: being 180-220cm according to spacing in the rows, line-spacing is that 280-320cm digs planting pit, is colonized sugar orange sapling；
Site preparation and fertilization: digging pine for the soil between two row sugar orange saplings, apply base fertilizer, deep plough side by side, plays sowing ridge；
Chinese yam rhizome interplanting: conventionally in sugar orange row interplant Chinese yam rhizome.
Preferably, the line-spacing of the Chinese yam rhizome is 38-42cm, spacing in the rows 28-32cm.
It is further preferred that the line-spacing of the Chinese yam rhizome is 40cm, spacing in the rows 30cm.
It is further preferred that the spacing in the rows of the planting pit is 200cm, line-spacing 300cm.
Further, the interplanting time of the Chinese yam rhizome is annual late March to mid-April.
Further, the base fertilizer includes the rotted pig manure and/or chicken manure of 1500-2200 parts by weight, 90-110 parts by weight
Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer.The potassium sulfate compound fertilizer does not have particular/special requirement, can be commercially available conventional products.
It is further preferred that further include seaweed 60-100 parts by weight in the base fertilizer, calcium lactate 10-30 parts by weight, dimension life
Plain B41-2 parts by weight.
Still more preferably, the group of the base fertilizer becomes, 2000 parts by weight of rotted pig manure and/or chicken manure, potassium sulfate type
100 parts by weight of compound fertilizer, 80 parts by weight of seaweed, 20 parts by weight of calcium lactate, vitamin B41.5 parts by weight.
Preferably, the dosage of the base fertilizer is 1800-2300kg/ mus.
Further, after Chinese yam rhizome harvest, Chinese yam rhizome tendril is directly ploughed under into soil.Technical solution of the present invention has such as
Lower advantage:
1. the cultural method of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome provided by the invention, Chinese yam rhizome and sugar orange set
Kind, vertically growth depth plays Chinese yam rhizome stem tuber up to 40-100cm, while to lateral enlarged diametric 5.0-8.0cm down
Good chesson effect, promotes sugar orange root system vertically and laterally to grow well, conducive to the nutrient absorbed in soil and
Moisture improves the survival rate of sugar orange sapling, improves 10% or more compared to comparative example, efficiently solves slope soil sapling
The low problem of survival rate.Simultaneously, moreover it is possible to further promote sugar orange nutrient growth, promote its holding flourishing.In addition, research
Personnel also found, sugar orange and Chinese yam rhizome be interplanted, moreover it is possible to the generation of sugar orange root disease be effectively reduced, especially to foot rot
Inhibitory effect it is obvious.
2. the cultural method of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome provided by the invention, the base fertilizer base fertilizer packet of application
Include the rotted pig manure and/or chicken manure of 1500-2200 parts by weight, the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of 90-110 parts by weight.Preferably also wrap
It includes, seaweed 60-100 parts by weight, calcium lactate 10-30 parts by weight, vitamin B41-2 parts by weight.By selecting specific proportion and group
At base fertilizer, the yield and quality of sugar orange, seaweed, calcium lactate and vitamin B can be significantly improved4Use more particularly to aobvious
Write the sugar content for improving sugar orange.
3. the cultural method of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome provided by the invention, orcharding of effectively having increased fertilizer
Power, sugar orange interplant Chinese yam rhizome, and Chinese yam rhizome aerial part (tendril) trophosome biomass is big, and sugar orange root is turned over after harvest
Soil makees green manure, and cauline leaf can not only play the role of chesson after rotting, can also make the organic carbon of hilly upland soil
Content improves 97%, the investment of chemical fertilizer is reduced, to improve sugar orange nutrient quality and yield.
4. the cultural method of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome provided by the invention, using sugar orange and Chinese yam
The nixed planting of medicine is not only broken in the cultivation mode of the idle row interplant Chinese yam rhizome of young age sugar orange orchard fruiting the first three years
Young age sugar orange orchard single traditional cropping pattern, can also year per mu yield 3000kg Chinese yam rhizome fresh sweet potato, effectively increase fruit
Economic benefit and ecological benefits before agriculture fruiting.Meanwhile greatly reducing that orchard weeding is artificial, pesticide investment, it is greatly reduced
The dosage of chemical fertilizer, pesticide ensures the green safe production in orchard, avoids slope soil hardened.
Specific embodiment
There is provided following embodiments is to preferably further understand the present invention, it is not limited to the best embodiment party
Formula is not construed as limiting the contents of the present invention and protection scope, anyone under the inspiration of the present invention or by the present invention and its
The feature of his prior art is combined and any and identical or similar product of the present invention for obtaining, all falls within of the invention
Within protection scope.
Specific experiment step or condition person are not specified in embodiment, according to the literature in the art described routine experiment
The operation of step or condition can carry out.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer, being can be by commercially available acquisition
Conventional reagent product.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of cultural methods of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome, specifically include following step
It is rapid:
(1) site preparation: hilly upland (Jiangxi Province Yongfeng County new world home farm) soil is dug into pine, removes weeds, weedtree
And stone；
(2) it digging cave and is colonized sugar orange: being 200cm according to spacing in the rows, line-spacing is that 300cm digs planting pit, it is colonized sugar orange sapling,
It specifically includes:
1. preparing to plantation hole
Dig 1 meter3(long × wide × deep=1 meter × 1 meter × 1 meter) rectangular dell.Discharge phosphate fertilizer 1-2kg, lime 2- in every hole
3kg, pond sludge 50kg, Chicken dung 15-25kg.When filling out hole, fertilizer is uniformly mixed with pond sludge and part soil and is filled out back in hole again,
The tree disk piled up wants 20cm above ground level or so.
2. young age fruit seedling is handled
Before field planting, seedling part branches and leaves are cut off, to reduce moisture evaporation.Main root is cut off, as far as possible reservation fibrous root.
3. being colonized
Treated young age fruit seedling, selection 2 months of current year or early and middle ten days fair weather in March are colonized.When field planting, dig shallow
Hole, allows fibrous root to unfold naturally, then returns soil, is compacted soil, buries grafting part of the native height no more than young age fruit seedling.
4. water and fertilizer management after field planting
Straw or other weeds are covered on tree disk, drench sufficient planting water.It is colonized in the latter moon, to keep root system soil nearby
Earth is wet, and temperature is high, and long sunny wants daily water drenching without rain antecedent soil moisture.
After being colonized 40d, new root starts to grow, and can dilute 2-3 times with decomposed liquid dung and drench, apply once, often every 10-15d
Strain 2-5kg.In treelet developmental process, it is stepped up liquid dung and fertilizer amount, every time fertilizer liquid dung 10-15kg, urea 0.05-
0.1kg.Current year September part stops applied nitrogen and liquid dung, applies a potash fertilizer, while it is noted that soil moisture management.
5. young age sapling pruning
After field planting, the cutting back at trunk 40cm allows after its rudiment and selects and remain the different branch in 3-4 direction and do major branch, major branch
With trunk angle at 45 °.Cutting back, and the secondary main branch for selecting 3 directions different on major branch again is handled in 30cm after trunk is aging, with
This method can be used afterwards and extend tree body and skeleton branch.To on the skeleton branches such as major branch, accessory branch raw vertical branch to cut off, it is weak
Branch will suitably be retained as helping branch.Every branch generally stays 3-4 item, and extra whole is thinning out.
To keep summer shoot and the autumn growth pumping tip neat, bud picking control shoot, tender shoots is erased, stimulation lateral bud is sprouted, and full garden 80% is arrived
Branch sprout, unified control shoot.
(3) site preparation and fertilization: digging pine for the soil between two row sugar orange saplings, applies base fertilizer, and dosage is 2201kg/ mus,
It deep ploughs side by side, plays sowing ridge；Wherein, the group of base fertilizer becomes the rotted pig manure and/or chicken manure of 2000kg, the potassium sulfate type of 100kg
Compound fertilizer (15-15-15), seaweed 80kg, calcium lactate 20kg, vitamin B41kg。
(4) Chinese yam rhizome is interplanted: conventionally in sugar orange row interplant Chinese yam rhizome, specifically include:
1. potato seed selection and vernalization
The Chinese yam rhizome kind for selecting high yield, high-quality, highly resistance, growth potential strong, such as osmanthus Huaihe River 5, Gui Huai 7, the present embodiment
Select osmanthus Huaihe River 7.Select it is coarse, planted without disease pest, the potato seed stem tuber that not damaged, germinating energy is prosperous.
Potato seed stem tuber is cut into the long potato wedge of 5cm or so, with the 500-600 times of liquid seed soaking of 50% carbendazol wettable powder
It picks up and dries after 10min~15min, and cicatrize a wound in wound smearing talcum powder or quick lime.
By handling the uniform bedding of kind potato wedge with wound healing on the higher seedbed of topography on the sunny side, 5cm-10cm is covered
Small plastic shed vernalization is taken after fine sand.Vernalization sowing time can be advanced to mid or late Febuary or early and middle ten days in March.
2. transplanting
Late March or early April are risen with ridging machinery and sow ridge, and open deep 5-10cm seed furrow in ridge face, often
667m2Every 667m in seed furrow2Seed manure 50kg is spread fertilizer over the fields, then the potato wedge of bud will have been urged to be transplanted in seed furrow.Chinese yam rhizome plant
Line-spacing be 40cm, spacing in the rows 30cm.Every 667m21200 plants~1600 plants of plant, then in potato seed upper cover hack, 5cm-10cm.
3. field management
It mends after the root and stem of certain plants plucks seedling emergence and inspects periodically, find to lack reseeding in time for the root and stem of certain plants.It was found that single plant seedling is excessive, in time remove
Small and weak seedling retains strong sprout 1-2 item.
Built draws climing takes " people " shaped frame as height of seedling 25cm or so, with bamboo, and by climing traction restocking.
It loosens the soil after top dressing draws climing restocking, Upland Red Soil can once be loosened the soil and top dressing.The every 667m of top dressing2With urea 3kg
Fertilizing by sprinkling after watering down.When as weaker such as growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way, every 667m is needed2Impose 45% compound fertilizer 10kg-15kg.Potato wedge expanding stage, according to
Plant growing way situation, in due course every 667m2Impose 45% compound fertilizer 20kg-30kg.
When the growth of chemical regulation terminal bud is too fast excessive, every 667m2With 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 65g, it is watered 60kg,
Blade is sprayed, plant strain growth is controlled, potato wedge is promoted to expand.When later period temperature is lower than 25 DEG C, see seedling top dressing, seedling gesture it is weak can be outside root
Fertilising, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of foliage-spray 0.2%-0.5% or other foliar fertilizers.
Water management keeps ground moistening, loose, ventilative.The fine drying of weather, timely trickle irrigation moisturizing.
The diseases such as prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control keypoint control anthracnose, nematodiasis, brown spot, leaf line disease, wilt disease, brown rot；It is anti-
Control the pests such as black cutworm, mole cricket, prodenia litura.
(5) it harvests Chinese yam rhizome: in late October or early November, before first frost, selecting fair weather harvest, it will after harvest
Chinese yam rhizome tendril directly ploughs under soil, when early and middle ten days in mid or late Febuary in the coming year to March, repeats the operation of step (3)-(5), husky
The management of sugared orange tree seedling is carried out referring to the sapling after field planting in step (2).The survival rate of First Year sugar orange sapling is 97%.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of cultural methods of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome, specifically include following step
It is rapid:
(1) site preparation: hilly upland (Jiangxi Province Yongfeng County new world home farm) soil is dug into pine, removes weeds, weedtree
And stone；
(2) it digging cave and is colonized sugar orange: being 180cm according to spacing in the rows, line-spacing is that 320cm digs planting pit, it is colonized sugar orange sapling,
It specifically includes:
1. preparing to plantation hole
Dig 1 meter3(long × wide × deep=1 meter × 1 meter × 1 meter) rectangular dell.Discharge phosphate fertilizer 1-2kg, lime 2- in every hole
3kg, pond sludge 50kg, Chicken dung 15-25kg.When filling out hole, fertilizer is uniformly mixed with pond sludge and part soil and is filled out back in hole again,
The tree disk piled up wants 20cm above ground level or so.
2. young age fruit seedling is handled
Before field planting, seedling part branches and leaves are cut off, to reduce moisture evaporation.Main root is cut off, as far as possible reservation fibrous root.
3. being colonized
Treated young age fruit seedling, selection 2 months of current year or early and middle ten days fair weather in March are colonized.When field planting, dig shallow
Hole, allows fibrous root to unfold naturally, then returns soil, is compacted soil, buries grafting part of the native height no more than young age fruit seedling.
4. water and fertilizer management after field planting
Straw or other weeds are covered on tree disk, drench sufficient planting water.It is colonized in the latter moon, to keep root system soil nearby
Earth is wet, and temperature is high, and long sunny wants daily water drenching without rain antecedent soil moisture.
After being colonized 40d, new root starts to grow, and can dilute 2-3 times with decomposed liquid dung and drench, apply once, often every 10-15d
Strain 2-5kg.In treelet developmental process, it is stepped up liquid dung and fertilizer amount, every time fertilizer liquid dung 10-15kg, urea 0.05-
0.1kg.Current year September part stops applied nitrogen and liquid dung, applies a potash fertilizer, while it is noted that soil moisture management.
5. young age sapling pruning
After field planting, the cutting back at trunk 40cm allows after its rudiment and selects and remain the different branch in 3-4 direction and do major branch, major branch
With trunk angle at 45 °.Cutting back, and the secondary main branch for selecting 3 directions different on major branch again is handled in 30cm after trunk is aging, with
This method can be used afterwards and extend tree body and skeleton branch.To on the skeleton branches such as major branch, accessory branch raw vertical branch to cut off, it is weak
Branch will suitably be retained as helping branch.Every branch generally stays 3-4 item, and extra whole is thinning out.
To keep summer shoot and the autumn growth pumping tip neat, bud picking control shoot, tender shoots is erased, stimulation lateral bud is sprouted, and full garden 80% is arrived
Branch sprout, unified control shoot.
(3) site preparation and fertilization: digging pine for the soil between two row sugar orange saplings, applies base fertilizer, and dosage is 1800kg/ mus,
It deep ploughs side by side, plays sowing ridge；Wherein, the composition and ratio of base fertilizer is the rotted pig manure and/or chicken manure of 1500 parts by weight, 110 weight
The potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15-15-15) of part, 60 parts by weight of seaweed, 30 parts by weight of calcium lactate, vitamin B42 parts by weight.
(4) Chinese yam rhizome is interplanted: conventionally in sugar orange row interplant Chinese yam rhizome, specifically:
1. potato seed selection and vernalization
The Chinese yam rhizome kind for selecting high yield, high-quality, highly resistance, growth potential strong, such as osmanthus Huaihe River 5, Gui Huai 7.Select it is coarse,
No disease pest, the potato seed stem tuber that not damaged, germinating energy is prosperous are planted.
Potato seed stem tuber is cut into the long potato wedge of 5cm or so, with the 500-600 times of liquid seed soaking of 50% carbendazol wettable powder
It picks up and dries after 10min~15min, and cicatrize a wound in wound smearing talcum powder or quick lime.
By handling the uniform bedding of kind potato wedge with wound healing on the higher seedbed of topography on the sunny side, 5cm-10cm is covered
Small plastic shed vernalization is taken after fine sand.Vernalization sowing time can be advanced to mid or late Febuary or early and middle ten days in March.
2. transplanting
Late March or early April are risen with ridging machinery and sow ridge, and open deep 5-10cm seed furrow in ridge face, often
667m2Every 667m in seed furrow2Seed manure 50kg is spread fertilizer over the fields, then the potato wedge of bud will have been urged to be transplanted in seed furrow.Chinese yam rhizome plant
Line-spacing be 38cm, spacing in the rows 32cm.Every 667m21200 plants -1600 plants of plant, then in potato seed upper cover hack, 5cm-10cm.
3. field management
It mends after the root and stem of certain plants plucks seedling emergence and inspects periodically, find to lack reseeding in time for the root and stem of certain plants.It was found that single plant seedling is excessive, go in time
Except small and weak seedling, retain strong sprout 1-2 item.
Built draws climing takes " people " shaped frame as height of seedling 25cm or so, with bamboo, and by climing traction restocking.
It loosens the soil after top dressing draws climing restocking, Upland Red Soil can once be loosened the soil and top dressing.The every 667m of top dressing2With urea 3kg
Fertilizing by sprinkling after watering down.When as weaker such as growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way, every 667m is needed2Impose 45% compound fertilizer 10kg-15kg.Potato wedge expanding stage, according to
Plant growing way situation, in due course every 667m2Impose 45% compound fertilizer 20kg-30kg.
When the growth of chemical regulation terminal bud is too fast excessive, every 667m2With 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 65g, it is watered
60kg sprays blade, controls plant strain growth, and potato wedge is promoted to expand.When later period temperature is lower than 25 DEG C, seedling top dressing is seen, seedling gesture is weak
It can foliage fertilization, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of foliage-spray 0.2%-0.5% or other foliar fertilizers.
Water management keeps ground moistening, loose, ventilative.The fine drying of weather, timely trickle irrigation moisturizing.
The diseases such as prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control keypoint control anthracnose, nematodiasis, brown spot, leaf line disease, wilt disease, brown rot；It is anti-
Control the pests such as black cutworm, mole cricket, prodenia litura.
(5) it harvests Chinese yam rhizome: in late October or early November, before first frost, selecting fair weather harvest.It will after harvest
Chinese yam rhizome tendril directly ploughs under soil, when early and middle ten days in mid or late Febuary in the coming year to March, repeats the operation of step (3)-(5), husky
The management of sugared orange tree seedling is carried out referring to the sapling after field planting in step (2).The survival rate of First Year sugar orange sapling is 96.2%.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a kind of cultural methods of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome, specifically include following step
It is rapid:
(1) site preparation: hilly upland (Jiangxi Province Yongfeng County new world home farm) soil is dug into pine, removes weeds, weedtree
And stone；
(2) it digging cave and is colonized sugar orange: being 220cm according to spacing in the rows, line-spacing is that 280cm digs planting pit, it is colonized sugar orange sapling,
Specifically:
1. preparing to plantation hole
Dig 1 meter3(long × wide × deep=1 meter × 1 meter × 1 meter) rectangular dell.Discharge phosphate fertilizer 1-2kg, lime 2- in every hole
3kg, pond sludge 50kg, Chicken dung 15-25kg.When filling out hole, fertilizer is uniformly mixed with pond sludge and part soil and is filled out back in hole again,
The tree disk piled up wants 20cm above ground level or so.
2. young age fruit seedling is handled
Before field planting, seedling part branches and leaves are cut off, to reduce moisture evaporation.Main root is cut off, as far as possible reservation fibrous root.
3. being colonized
Treated young age fruit seedling, selection 2 months of current year or early and middle ten days fair weather in March are colonized.When field planting, dig shallow
Hole, allows fibrous root to unfold naturally, then returns soil, is compacted soil, buries grafting part of the native height no more than young age fruit seedling.
4. water and fertilizer management after field planting
Straw or other weeds are covered on tree disk, drench sufficient planting water.It is colonized in the latter moon, to keep root system soil nearby
Earth is wet, and temperature is high, and long sunny wants daily water drenching without rain antecedent soil moisture.
After being colonized 40d, new root starts to grow, and can dilute 2-3 times with decomposed liquid dung and drench, apply once, often every 10-15d
Strain 2-5kg.In treelet developmental process, it is stepped up liquid dung and fertilizer amount, every time fertilizer liquid dung 10-15kg, urea 0.05-
0.1kg.Current year September part stops applied nitrogen and liquid dung, applies a potash fertilizer, while it is noted that soil moisture management.
5. young age sapling pruning
After field planting, the cutting back at trunk 40cm allows after its rudiment and selects and remain the different branch in 3-4 direction and do major branch, major branch
With trunk at 450 jiaos.Cutting back, and the secondary main branch for selecting 3 directions different on major branch again is handled in 30cm after trunk is aging, with
This method can be used afterwards and extend tree body and skeleton branch.To on the skeleton branches such as major branch, accessory branch raw vertical branch to cut off, it is weak
Branch will suitably be retained as helping branch.Every branch generally stays 3-4 item, and extra whole is thinning out.
To keep summer shoot and the autumn growth pumping tip neat, bud picking control shoot, tender shoots is erased, stimulation lateral bud is sprouted, and full garden 80% is arrived
Branch sprout, unified control shoot.
(3) site preparation and fertilization: digging pine for the soil between two row sugar orange saplings, applies base fertilizer, and dosage is 2300kg/ mus,
It deep ploughs side by side, plays sowing ridge；Wherein, the composition and ratio of base fertilizer is the rotted pig manure and/or chicken manure of 2200 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight
Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15-15-15).
(4) Chinese yam rhizome is interplanted: conventionally in sugar orange row interplant Chinese yam rhizome, specifically:
1. potato seed selection and vernalization
The Chinese yam rhizome kind for selecting high yield, high-quality, highly resistance, growth potential strong, such as osmanthus Huaihe River 5, Gui Huai 7.Select it is coarse,
No disease pest, the potato seed stem tuber that not damaged, germinating energy is prosperous are planted.
Potato seed stem tuber is cut into the long potato wedge of 5cm or so, with the 500-600 times of liquid seed soaking of 50% carbendazol wettable powder
It picks up and dries after 10min~15min, and cicatrize a wound in wound smearing talcum powder or quick lime.
By handling the uniform bedding of kind potato wedge with wound healing on the higher seedbed of topography on the sunny side, 5cm-10cm is covered
Small plastic shed vernalization is taken after fine sand.Vernalization sowing time can be advanced to mid or late Febuary or early and middle ten days in March.
2. transplanting
Late March or early April are risen with ridging machinery and sow ridge, and open deep 5-10cm seed furrow in ridge face, often
667m2Every 667m in seed furrow2Seed manure 50kg is spread fertilizer over the fields, then the potato wedge of bud will have been urged to be transplanted in seed furrow.Chinese yam rhizome plant
Line-spacing be 38cm, spacing in the rows 32cm.Every 667m21200 plants -1600 plants of plant, then in potato seed upper cover hack, 5cm-10cm.
3. field management
It mends after the root and stem of certain plants plucks seedling emergence and inspects periodically, find to lack reseeding in time for the root and stem of certain plants.It was found that single plant seedling is excessive, go in time
Except small and weak seedling, retain strong sprout 1-2 item.
Built draws climing takes " people " shaped frame as height of seedling 25cm or so, with bamboo, and by climing traction restocking.
It loosens the soil after top dressing draws climing restocking, Upland Red Soil can once be loosened the soil and top dressing.The every 667m of top dressing2With urea 3kg
Fertilizing by sprinkling after watering down.When as weaker such as growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way, every 667m is needed2Impose 45% compound fertilizer 10kg-15kg.Potato wedge expanding stage, according to
Plant growing way situation, in due course every 667m2Impose 45% compound fertilizer 20kg-30kg.
When the growth of chemical regulation terminal bud is too fast excessive, every 667m2With 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 65g, it is watered
60kg sprays blade, controls plant strain growth, and potato wedge is promoted to expand.When later period temperature is lower than 25 DEG C, seedling top dressing is seen, seedling gesture is weak
It can foliage fertilization, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of foliage-spray 0.2%-0.5% or other foliar fertilizers.
Water management keeps ground moistening, loose, ventilative.The fine drying of weather, timely trickle irrigation moisturizing.
The diseases such as prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control keypoint control anthracnose, nematodiasis, brown spot, leaf line disease, wilt disease, brown rot；It is anti-
Control the pests such as black cutworm, mole cricket, prodenia litura.
(5) it harvests Chinese yam rhizome: 4. before late October or early November, first frost, selecting fair weather harvest.After harvest
Chinese yam rhizome tendril is directly ploughed under into soil, when early and middle ten days in mid or late Febuary in the coming year to March, repeats the operation of step (3)-(5),
The management of sugar orange sapling is carried out referring to the sapling after field planting in step (2).The survival rate of First Year sugar orange sapling is 96%.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provide it is a kind of individually in the method for hilly upland plantation sugar orange, field management and liquid manure with reality
It is identical to apply example 1.Difference is, under single sugar orange cropping pattern, annual early and middle ten days in April, mid or late July and early August are intended to
Supplement fertilising, mainly based on chemical fertilizer, supplemented by the organic fertilizers such as domestic birds and animals excrement.Every plant of 1-2kg of compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer
Expect every plant of 10-25kg.The survival rate of First Year sugar orange sapling is 84%.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides the cultural method of a kind of conventional sugar orange and peanut interplanting, specifically includes:
(1) it cultivates intensely
Ecological environment is directly related to the effect that hillside orchard set is cultivated peanut.Level terraced field is repaired, contour cultivation, deep ploughing are carried out
Water storage.Prepare the orchard that set is cultivated peanut, to deep plough before the winter, vegetable soil improves soil water storage capacity, and it is logical to improve soil
Permeability.Smooth furrow face, farmland quality reach deep, loose, thin, flat standard.
(2) rational tillage
It is generally interplanted during fruit seedling is colonized 1-3, peanut is kept at a distance from 0.6 meter or more with fruit seedling, with tree
The growth of seedling and tree crown increase, and the area of interplanting is reduced year by year.Interplanting area general proportions is the 1st, the 2nd year, 70%-75%,
3rd year 60%, since the 4th year, annual 55%.
(3) it applies fertilizers scientifically
The hillside orchard content of organic matter is low, more organic fertilizers and suitable chemical fertilizer, every 667m2It applies urea 10kg, cross phosphorus
Sour calcium 25kg, potassium chloride 20kg.The phosphate fertilizer of 50% nitrogenous fertilizer, 100% is made into base manure, mixes above-mentioned 3 kinds of fertilizer in conjunction with whole furrow face
It closes and uniformly applies, combine cultivation and banking to chase after remaining 50% nitrogenous fertilizer and 70% potash fertilizer after the neat seedling of peanut.
(4) insect pest preventing and controlling
The disease pest of intercropping in garden peanut needs both fruit tree peanuts to take into account, and should especially prevent and treat simultaneously insect pest, kills worm sources.Flower
Infested evil is mainly grub and aphid.Control of grubs should deep plough whole furrow, while phoxim is mixed soil and is spread fertilizer over the fields.It is anti-to eliminate aphis 25% fastly
Missible oil is killed, teshaling missible oil, 50% 2000 times of liquid of aphid mist wettable powder is kept away peanut is prevented and treated by spraying.Leaf spot is peanut master
Disease is wanted, can be spraying with 500 times of liquid liquid levels of wettable carbendazim every 10-15d since mid or late July, it is used after prevention and treatment 2 times
150-200 times of Bordeaux mixture is protected, and peanut photosynthesis is improved, and is delayed senescence, and peanut yield is increased.
(5) peanut stem leaf returns field
Peanut stem leaf is a kind of good organic fertilizer, after measured cauline leaf nitrogenous 4.53%, phosphorus 0.82%, potassium 2.34%, flower
Cauline leaf is all covered into fruit tree rhizosphere after raw harvest, is played a significant role to drought-relief and soil-ripening.To next year young age fruit
Tree is wholly embedded into soil when expanding cave, increase the soil organism, and culture fertility achievees the purpose that promote fruit tree growth.First Year is husky
The survival rate of sugared orange tree seedling is 85%.
Conclusion: (1) it is low to cover economic benefit of cultivating peanut.First is that peanut yield is low.Hillside orchard set is cultivated peanut, per unit area yield water
Flat generally 130kg/667m2, dry pod sale is by 10 yuan/kg calculating, 1300 yuan of gross income.And Chinese yam rhizome fresh sweet potato per unit area yield
Up to 3000kg, fresh sweet potato is calculated by 5 yuan/kg, and income can reach 15000 yuan.The high labor cost second is that set is cultivated peanut.Peanut is received
Obtain, threshing can't realize mechanically actuated at present, be intended to spend a large amount of artificial, and large labor intensity, sowing, harvest and de-
The every 667m of grain2Artificial 8-10 need to be spent, according to 80 yuan/work of minimum wage level, cost of labor is with regard to 800-1000 member.Therefore,
The means of production cost such as cost of labor and cost, pesticide is deducted, income is less than 150 yuan/667m2, and Chinese yam rhizome is interplanted, it is pure
Income generally can reach 3000-5000 member/667m2。
(2) peanut straw biomass is small, and culture fertility and vegetable soil effect are unobvious.Set is cultivated peanut, peanut straw amount
Only 800kg/667m2Left and right, and Chinese yam rhizome is up to 2000-3000kg/667m2.Therefore, cultivate peanut power fertilizing and soil over the ground are covered
Earth effect does not have that Chinese yam rhizome is obvious, unobvious to the growth and quality improving effect of young age fruit seedling yet.
(3) peanut arable layer is shallow, small to sugar orange root growth facilitation.The arable layer of peanut is shallow, generally only 15-
20cm, to the root system of fruit seedling, growth-promoting effect is little down.And Chinese yam rhizome arable layer is up to 80-100cm, while Chinese yam rhizome to
The pressure that surrounding is expanded is also larger, loose conducive to the transverse direction of soil.For this purpose, interplanting Chinese yam rhizome is more conducive to young age fruit seedling root system up
It grows down, more conducively fruit seedling grows sturdy and luxuriant, more conducively raising disease resistance.
Test example
One, the quality identification of sugar orange
1, embodiment 1-3 and comparative example the 1-2 sugar orange harvested for the first time are respectively randomly selected 50, to every group of sugar orange
Sugar content and soluble solid content are analyzed, and concrete outcome is shown in Table 1:
The testing result of 1 each group sugar orange of table
From the data in upper table it is found that technical solution provided by the invention can significantly improve sugar orange relative to comparative example
Sugared content.Wherein, the sugar orange sugared content of embodiment 1-2 is higher than embodiment 3, illustrates seaweed, calcium lactate and vitamin B4's
Using sugar orange sugared content can be significantly improved.
2, to the morbidity statistics of the sugar orange orchard foot rot of embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-2, concrete outcome is shown in Table 2:
2 each group sugar orange orchard foot rot morbidity statistics result of table
From the data in upper table it is found that compared to comparison 1 and 2, sugar orange and Chinese yam rhizome are interplanted, sand can be substantially reduced
The disease incidence of sugared orange tree seedling foot rot.
Two, in soil organic carbon content measurement
Detection to the 3rd year soil organic carbon in the sugar orange orchard of embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-2, it is specific to tie
Fruit is shown in Table 3:
Organic carbon content in 3 soil of table
It can be seen from the data in the table that soil can be significantly improved by interplanting Chinese yam rhizome compared with comparative example 1 and 2, in sugar orange orchard
Organic carbon content in earth.Compared to comparative example 1, the organic carbon content in soil improves 97% or more, compared to documents 2,
Organic carbon content improves 25% or more in soil.
Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarifying the description, and does not limit the embodiments.It is right
For those of ordinary skill in the art, can also make on the basis of the above description it is other it is various forms of variation or
It changes.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And thus amplify out it is obvious variation or
It changes still within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome, which comprises the following steps:
It digs cave field planting: being 180-220cm according to spacing in the rows, line-spacing is that 280-320cm digs planting pit, is colonized sugar orange sapling；
Site preparation and fertilization: digging pine for the soil between two row sugar orange saplings, apply base fertilizer, deep plough side by side, plays sowing ridge；
Chinese yam rhizome interplanting: conventionally in sugar orange row interplant Chinese yam rhizome.
2. the cultural method of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The line-spacing for stating Chinese yam rhizome is 38-42cm, spacing in the rows 28-32cm.
3. the cultural method of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome according to claim 2, which is characterized in that institute
The line-spacing for stating Chinese yam rhizome is 40cm, spacing in the rows 30cm.
4. the cultural method of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The spacing in the rows for stating planting pit is 200cm, line-spacing 300cm.
5. the cultural method of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome according to claim 1-4, special
Sign is that the interplanting time of the Chinese yam rhizome is annual late March to mid-April.
6. the cultural method of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome according to claim 5, which is characterized in that institute
State the rotted pig manure and/or chicken manure that base fertilizer includes 1500-2200 parts by weight, the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of 90-110 parts by weight.
7. the cultural method of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome according to claim 6, which is characterized in that institute
It states in base fertilizer and further includes, seaweed 60-100 parts by weight, calcium lactate 10-30 parts by weight, vitamin B41-2 parts by weight.
8. the cultural method of hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizome according to claim 7, which is characterized in that institute
The group for stating base fertilizer becomes, 2000 parts by weight of rotted pig manure and/or chicken manure, 100 parts by weight of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 80 weight of seaweed
Part, 20 parts by weight of calcium lactate, vitamin B41.5 parts by weight.
9. special according to the cultural method of the described in any item hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizomes of claim 6-8
Sign is that the dosage of the base fertilizer is 1800-2300kg/ mus.
10. the cultural method of -9 described in any item hilly upland sugar orange intercropping in garden Chinese yam rhizomes according to claim 1, special
Sign is, after Chinese yam rhizome harvest, Chinese yam rhizome tendril is directly ploughed under soil.
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