CN103576198B - A kind of two-dimentional method for marine seismic data Free Surface multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology - Google Patents

A kind of two-dimentional method for marine seismic data Free Surface multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology Download PDF

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CN103576198B
CN103576198B CN201210272689.4A CN201210272689A CN103576198B CN 103576198 B CN103576198 B CN 103576198B CN 201210272689 A CN201210272689 A CN 201210272689A CN 103576198 B CN103576198 B CN 103576198B
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multiple reflection
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CN103576198A (en
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柯本喜
李鹏
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China National Petroleum Corp
BGP Inc
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BGP Inc
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Abstract

The present invention is a kind of method Two-dimensional Sea being predicted sea-bottom multiple in seism processing, adopt multiple reflection exponent number and frequency, geophone offset, submarine elevation and seawater speed to calculate sea-bottom multiple at the Fresnel-zone at Free Surface steady state point place and then structure multiple reflection contribution road collection as parameter, adopt conventional Free Surface multiple reflection algorithm to predict Free Surface multiple reflection on this basis.The present invention is owing to have employed new construction method, and the earthquake number of channels participating in the prediction of Free Surface multiple reflection significantly reduces, and then can predict Free Surface multiple reflection rapidly, and does not lose the effect of multiple reflection prediction.

Description

A kind of two-dimentional method for marine seismic data Free Surface multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysical exploration technology, belong to the technology category of multiple suppression in seism processing, is a kind of two-dimentional method for marine seismic data Free Surface multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology.
Background technology
At sea in seismic prospecting, owing to being all very strong reflecting interface as the seawater face of free interface and hard sea bottom surface, wherein the reflection coefficient in seawater face can reach 0.9, in seismologic record, be therefore inevitably recorded to the various multiple reflections of seabed and the generation of seawater face.The existence of multiple reflection can disturb people to the identification of significant wave, affects follow-up velocity analysis, migration imaging and structure and stratigraphic interpretation, therefore needs multiple suppression.
The method of multiple suppression is generally divided into two large classes: a class is the filtering method based on difference between significant wave and multiple reflection, referred to as filtering method; Another kind of is prediction subraction based on wave equation, namely first original earthquake data is utilized, according to wave principle, dope multiple reflection, then mate with the multiple reflection in raw data the multiple reflection of prediction, the multiple reflection after finally deducting coupling from raw data just can obtain a significant wave.
In based on the repeatedly Forecasting Methodology of wave equation, mainly contain two kinds of methods, a kind of is the sea-bottom multiple Forecasting Methodology of model-driven, and another kind is the Free Surface multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology of data-driven.The multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology of model-driven only needs this shot gather data when predicting the multiple reflection of a big gun collection, but needs submarine elevation and seawater rate pattern.The shortcoming of this method is the multiple reflection that submarine elevation and seawater rate pattern error can be delivered to prediction, in addition unpredictable simple multiples.When the multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology of data-driven predicts the multiple reflection of a big gun collection, not only need this shot gather data, also need big gun to concentrate the common receiving point gather that each seismic trace is corresponding simultaneously, but do not need submarine elevation and seawater rate pattern.The shortcoming of this method needs data normalization pre-treatment, and the earthquake number of channels participating in computing is huge, directly has influence on counting yield and the storage needs to computing machine.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of data-driven efficiently, improves the efficiency of multiple reflection prediction and reduces the two-dimentional method for marine seismic data Free Surface multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology needed the storage of computing machine.
Specific embodiment of the invention step is as follows:
1) marine two-dimension earthquake record d (x is gathered s, x r, t), measure shot point place submarine elevation b (x s) and seawater speed v (x s) data;
2) submarine elevation measured according to shot point place and seawater speed interpolation obtain the submarine elevation b (x of whole survey line r) and seawater rate pattern v (x r);
3) the geological data D gathered is carried out fourier transform by road, obtain the geological data D (x of frequency field s, x r, ω);
4) seismologic record of frequency field is divided the common-shot-gather CS electing frequency field as i(x r, ω) and common receiving point gather CR j(x s, ω);
5) first process by road by seismic trace sequence number again by big gun collection big gun number;
6) the steady state point coordinate y of sea-bottom multiple nearly shot point on Free Surface is calculated with following formula swith the steady state point coordinate y of nearly acceptance point r:
y s = x s + | x r - x s | n + 1 , y r = x r - | x r - x s | n + 1
In formula: x s, x rthat n is sea-bottom multiple exponent number when the shot point coordinate in pre-treatment way head and acceptance point coordinate respectively;
Step 6) described in nearly shot point and nearly acceptance point multiple reflection steady state point refer to according to Snell ray theory, n rank sea-bottom multiple on personal surface in n reflection spot closest to shot point and acceptance point that.
7) under the hypothesis of horizontal seabed, multiple reflection Fresnel zone radius f corresponding to the steady state point of nearly shot point is calculated with following formula sthe multiple reflection Fresnel zone radius f corresponding with the steady state point of nearly acceptance point r:
f s = 0.5 * [ ( y s - x s ) - ( a - b ) 2 - 4 z 2 ]
f r＝f s
In formula:
a = ( y s - x s ) 2 + 4 z 2
b = v 2 f
Z is the mean depth in seabed in the corresponding spread length in current road,
V is the average velocity of the corresponding spread length maritime interior waters in current road,
X swhen the shot point coordinate in pre-treatment way head,
Y sby step 6) the steady state point coordinate of nearly shot point that calculates;
F is the dominant period of multiple reflection;
Step 7) described in multiple reflection Fresnel-zone refer to for given multiple reflection Free Surface steady state point, scope corresponding when the difference of multiple reflection whilst on tour corresponding with steady state point when the multiple reflection whilst on tour that the downward reflection spot of hypothesis is corresponding in scope is in its vicinity less than 0.25 reflection wave cycle;
8) the nearly shot point pre-measuring tape radius L of actual participation multiple reflection prediction is calculated according to the following formula swith nearly acceptance point pre-measuring tape radius L r:
L s＝αf s
L r＝αf r
In formula: α is multiple reflection Fresnel-zone zooming parameter, be 0.5-1;
9) start position m1 and the terminating point position m2 of multiple reflection contribution road collection is calculated according to the following formula:
m1＝y s-L s
m2＝y r+L r
Step 9) described in multiple reflection contribution road collection refer to the convolution road formed by shot record migration and common receiving point gather participating in multiple reflection prediction.
10) within the scope of multiple reflection contribution road collection, gather website to each, extract twice seismic trace corresponding to this website the shot record migration corresponding from current seismic road and common receiving point gather, then twice being multiplied obtains corresponding convolution road;
11) within the scope of multiple reflection contribution road collection, convolution road corresponding for all collection websites is carried out arithmetic mean addition;
12) addition result is done anti-fourier transform to dope when multiple reflection corresponding to pre-treatment road.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The Free Surface multiple reflection prediction principle of Fig. 1 data-driven;
The implementation of the Free Surface multiple reflection prediction of Fig. 2 data-driven;
Fig. 3 multiple reflection is at the steady state point of Free Surface and Fresnel-zone;
The Free Surface multiple reflection of the original big gun collection of Fig. 4 and prediction;
The repeatedly radio frequency channel of the conventional and quick multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology prediction of Fig. 5 assembles fruit contrast;
The multiple reflection common offset section of the conventional multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology prediction of Fig. 6;
The multiple reflection common offset section of Fig. 7 the present invention prediction.
Specific embodiments
Innovative point of the present invention is the construction method of multiple reflection contribution road collection.Owing to have employed new method, the earthquake number of channels participating in the prediction of Free Surface multiple reflection significantly reduces, and then under the prerequisite not losing multiple reflection prediction effect, can predict Free Surface multiple reflection rapidly and reduce Computer Storage requirement.
Describing in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing is specific embodiments of the present invention.
Specific embodiment of the invention step is as follows:
1) marine two-dimension earthquake record d (x is gathered s, x r, t), measure shot point place submarine elevation b (x s) and seawater speed v (x s) data;
2) submarine elevation measured according to shot point place and seawater speed interpolation obtain the submarine elevation b (x of whole survey line r) and seawater rate pattern v (x r);
3) seismologic record gathered is carried out fourier transform by road, obtain the geological data D (x of frequency field s, x r, ω);
4) the geological data D of frequency field is divided the common-shot-gather CS electing frequency field as i(x r, ω) and common receiving point gather CR j(x s, ω);
What Fig. 1 showed is the single order sea-bottom multiple path that shot record migration and common receiving point gather are corresponding.For ease of understanding, CS in Fig. 2 iand CR jwhat show is shot record migration and common receiving point gather (time domain display).
5) first process by road by seismic trace sequence number again by big gun collection big gun number;
6) the steady state point coordinate y of sea-bottom multiple nearly shot point on Free Surface is calculated with following formula swith the steady state point coordinate y of nearly acceptance point r:
y s = x s + | x r - x s | n + 1 , y r = x r - | x r - x s | n + 1
In formula: x s, x rthat n is sea-bottom multiple exponent number when the shot point coordinate in pre-treatment way head and acceptance point coordinate respectively;
Step 6) described in nearly shot point and nearly acceptance point multiple reflection steady state point refer to according to Snell ray theory, closest to the reflection spot of shot point and acceptance point in the reflection spot of n rank sea-bottom multiple on Free Surface.
That the upper figure of Fig. 3 shows is the shot point coordinate x that a certain seismic trace is corresponding swith acceptance point coordinate x r, and the steady state point y of nearly shot point corresponding to single order multiple reflection and nearly acceptance point sand y r, for single order multiple reflection, the steady state point of nearly shot point and nearly acceptance point overlaps.
7) under the hypothesis of horizontal seabed, multiple reflection Fresnel zone radius f corresponding to the steady state point of nearly shot point is calculated with following formula sthe multiple reflection Fresnel zone radius f corresponding with the steady state point of nearly acceptance point r:
f s = 0.5 * [ ( y s - x s ) - ( a - b ) 2 - 4 z 2 ]
f r＝f s
In formula:
a = ( y s - x s ) 2 + 4 z 2
b = v 2 f
Z is the mean depth in seabed in the corresponding spread length in current road,
V is the average velocity of the corresponding spread length maritime interior waters in current road,
X swhen the shot point coordinate in pre-treatment way head,
N is user according to the given sea-bottom multiple exponent number of analysis;
Y sby step 6) the steady state point coordinate of nearly shot point that calculates;
F is the dominant period of multiple reflection;
Step 7) described in multiple reflection Fresnel-zone refer to for given multiple reflection Free Surface steady state point, scope corresponding when the difference of multiple reflection whilst on tour corresponding with steady state point when the multiple reflection whilst on tour that the downward reflection spot of hypothesis is corresponding in scope is in its vicinity less than 0.25 multiple reflection cycle.
8) the nearly shot point pre-measuring tape radius L of actual participation multiple reflection prediction is calculated according to the following formula swith nearly acceptance point pre-measuring tape radius L r:
L s＝αf s
L r＝αf r
In formula: α is multiple reflection Fresnel-zone zooming parameter, be 0.5-1;
That Fig. 3 figure below is shown is the multiple reflection Fresnel zone radius fs and fr that the steady state point of nearly shot point and nearly acceptance point is corresponding, and the nearly shot point of actual participation multiple reflection prediction and nearly acceptance point pre-measuring tape radius L sand L r.
9) start position m1 and the terminating point position m2 of multiple reflection contribution road collection is calculated as follows:
m1＝y s-L s
m2＝y r+L r
Step 9) described in multiple reflection contribution road collection refer to the convolution road formed by shot record migration and common receiving point gather participating in multiple reflection prediction.
10) within the scope of multiple reflection contribution road collection, website is gathered to each, extracts twice seismic trace corresponding to this website the shot record migration corresponding from current seismic road and common receiving point gather, then twice convolution is obtained corresponding convolution road.
In Fig. 2 what show is correspond to common-shot-gather CS at collection site k place iwith common receiving point gather CR jthe convolution result (time domain display) of twice seismic trace.
11) within the scope of multiple reflection contribution road collection, convolution road corresponding for all collection websites is carried out arithmetic mean addition;
12) addition result is done anti-fourier transform to dope when multiple reflection corresponding to pre-treatment road.
M in Fig. 2 i,jwhat show is handle the multiple reflection of the time domain that arithmetic mean obtains after being added.
What Fig. 4 showed is original big gun collection and the repeatedly radio frequency channel collection adopting the present invention's prediction.
What Fig. 5 showed is the multiple reflection Comparative result that conventional method and the inventive method are predicted.Relatively can find that both prediction effects are suitable, but the convolution number of times that conventional method participates in computing reaches N 2.Wherein N is the number of channels of shot record migration and common receiving point gather, but the convolution number of times that fast method participates in computing can reduce to 0.5*N* (N+1), generally reduces 40 ~ 50%.
What Fig. 6 and 7 showed is conventional and the multiple reflection common offset section of the multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology prediction of rapid data driving respectively, relatively can find that both are substantially suitable.

Claims (3)

1. a two-dimentional method for marine seismic data Free Surface multiple reflection Forecasting Methodology, feature adopts following steps:
1) marine two-dimension earthquake record d (x is gathered s, x r, t), measure shot point place submarine elevation b (x s) and seawater speed v (x s) data;
2) submarine elevation measured according to shot point place and seawater speed interpolation obtain the submarine elevation b (x of whole survey line r) and seawater rate pattern v (x r);
3) the seismologic record d (x gathered s, x r, t) carry out fourier transform by road, obtain the geological data D (x of frequency field s, x r, ω);
4) the geological data D (x of frequency field s, x r, ω) and divide the common-shot-gather CS electing frequency field as i(x r, ω) and common receiving point gather CR j(x s, ω);
5) first process by road by seismic trace sequence number again by big gun collection big gun number;
6) the steady state point coordinate y of sea-bottom multiple nearly shot point on Free Surface is calculated with following formula swith the steady state point coordinate y of nearly acceptance point r:
y s = x s + | x r - x s | n + 1 , y r = x r - | x r - x s | n + 1
In formula: x s, x rthat n is sea-bottom multiple exponent number when the shot point coordinate in pre-treatment way head and acceptance point coordinate respectively;
7) under the hypothesis of horizontal seabed, multiple reflection Fresnel zone radius f corresponding to the steady state point of nearly shot point is calculated with following formula sthe multiple reflection Fresnel zone radius f corresponding with the steady state point of nearly acceptance point r:
f s = 0.5 * [ ( y s - x s ) - ( a - b ) 2 - 4 z 2 ]
f r＝f s
In formula:
a = ( y s - x s ) 2 + 4 z 2
b = v 2 f
Z is the mean depth in seabed in the corresponding spread length in current road,
V is the average velocity of the corresponding spread length maritime interior waters in current road,
X swhen the shot point coordinate in pre-treatment way head,
Y sby step 6) the steady state point coordinate of nearly shot point that calculates;
F is the dominant period of multiple reflection;
Step 7) described in multiple reflection Fresnel-zone refer to for given multiple reflection Free Surface steady state point, scope corresponding when the difference of multiple reflection whilst on tour corresponding with steady state point when the multiple reflection whilst on tour that the downward reflection spot of hypothesis is corresponding in scope is in its vicinity less than 0.25 reflection wave cycle;
8) the nearly shot point pre-measuring tape radius L of actual participation multiple reflection prediction is calculated according to the following formula swith nearly acceptance point pre-measuring tape radius L r:
L s＝αf s
L r＝αf r
In formula: α is multiple reflection Fresnel-zone zooming parameter, be 0.5-1;
9) start position m1 and the terminating point position m2 of multiple reflection contribution road collection is calculated according to the following formula:
m1＝y s-L s
m2＝y r+L r
10) within the scope of multiple reflection contribution road collection, gather website to each, extract twice seismic trace corresponding to this website the shot record migration corresponding from current seismic road and common receiving point gather, then twice being multiplied obtains corresponding convolution road;
11) within the scope of multiple reflection contribution road collection, convolution road corresponding for all collection websites is carried out arithmetic mean addition;
12) addition result is done anti-fourier transform to dope when multiple reflection corresponding to pre-treatment road.
2. method according to claim 1, feature is step 6) described in nearly shot point and nearly acceptance point multiple reflection steady state point refer to according to Snell ray theory respectively, closest to the reflection spot of shot point and acceptance point in the reflection spot of n rank sea-bottom multiple on Free Surface.
3. method according to claim 1, feature is step 9) described in multiple reflection contribution road collection refer to the convolution road formed by shot record migration and common receiving point gather participating in multiple reflection prediction.
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