CN108948698A - 一种新型挤塑聚乳酸发泡片材生产技术 - Google Patents
一种新型挤塑聚乳酸发泡片材生产技术 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新型挤塑聚乳酸微发泡片材生产技术,属于高分子材料加工成型范畴。其特征在于先制备发泡母粒和聚乳酸的改性,之后将发泡母粒(3‑12份)、聚合物基体(100份)、加工助剂(3‑20份)和填料(10‑50份)通过单螺杆挤出成型聚乳酸微发泡片材。本发明的效果是代替了常见的物理和化学发泡方法,成功制备了低成本的聚乳酸微发泡片材,该发明在能够在保证片材的力学性能前提下,使聚乳酸微发泡片材生产成本降低、成型设备简单高效、发泡倍率升高,具有较高的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及到一种新型挤塑聚乳酸发泡片材生产技术,且成型设备简单高效、发泡倍率高、力学性能优良、生产成本低的挤塑聚乳酸微发泡片材的制备。
背景技术
聚乳酸发泡片材因其具有良好的生物可降解性能、环保无污染、良好的机械性能和耐水性,是制备发泡制品的新材料,其可以广泛应用于包装、汽车、建筑、合成木材等领域。
通过物理或化学发泡可以制得聚乳酸发泡片材,物理发泡的方法主要包括超临界二氧化碳发泡法,其缺点是对设备的要求较高且工艺成本较高;化学发泡方法主要是在基体中添加如AC发泡剂的化学发泡剂而成型,其缺点是对基体的流动性要求较高,对生产工艺条件要求苛刻,而且过程难以控制。
本发明使用聚乳酸树脂作为基体,将发泡微球包覆上一种弹性体外壳作为发泡剂母粒,用柠檬酸三丁酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸、甘油、马来酸酐和过氧化二异丙苯等作为加工助剂,用滑石粉、竹纤维和淀粉等作为填料,其制备过程是将聚乳酸(PLA)基体树脂、发泡剂母粒、加工助剂以及填料通过加热挤塑而制得的具有闭孔结构的硬质塑料片材,其综合性质十分优异,具有完全降解性,且生产成本低、成型设备简单高效、发泡倍率高、力学性能优良等,从而克服了聚乳酸发泡片材的诸多问题,是一种可以代替传统的聚丙烯塑料的新材料,具有较高的应用和科研价值。
发明内容
本发明致力于寻找一种新型挤塑聚乳酸发泡片材生产技术,该技术具有完全环保无污染性,综合性质优异、生产成本低、成型设备简单高效、发泡倍率高,同时能够保持良好的力学性能。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
该片材的组分及含量:
聚合物基体(100份),发泡剂母粒(3-12份),加工助剂(3-20份),填料(10-50份)。
本发明所述的聚合物基体为聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、PBAT或其复配物
本发明所述的发泡剂母粒为含不同比例的丙烯腈系共聚物,丙烯酸系共聚物,低沸点烃类,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物等。
本发明所述的加工助剂为柠檬酸三丁酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸、甘油、马来酸酐和过氧化二异丙苯等。
本发明所述的填料为滑石粉、竹纤维和淀粉等。
本发明所述的双螺杆挤出机,为65级双螺杆,且挤出温度为100-240℃,螺杆的转速为0r/min-60r/min。
本发明所述的单螺杆挤出机,挤出温度为100-240℃,螺杆的转速为 0r/min-60r/min。
1.本发明所述温度大小为50℃-230℃。
该发明包括以下步骤:
1)发泡剂母粒的制备:在一定温度和转速下,选取适当比例的发泡微球、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物在密炼机或双螺杆挤出机中制备发泡剂母粒。
2)PLA的制备:将PLA和马来酸酐、过氧化二异丙苯在一定温度和转速下在双螺杆挤出机中挤出,并造粒。
3)按照以下组分配比备料:聚合物基体(100份),发泡剂母粒(3-12份),加工助剂(3-20份),填料(10-50份)。
4)在一定温度和转速下,在单螺杆挤出机中将所配物料挤出成型为聚乳酸微发泡片材。
本发明的优点:具有完全的可讲解性能、综合性质优异、且生产成本低、成型设备简单高效、发泡倍率高、力学性能优良等,克服了聚乳酸发泡片材的诸多问题,可用于制作餐盒、农用产品和包装产品,具有较高的应用价值。具有良好的应用前景。
具体实施方式
实例一:
制备发泡剂母粒:
各组分含量:
可发泡微球(100份),乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(200份)。
制备方法:
在60-100℃、转速为30r/min情况下,利用双螺杆挤出机将所配物料挤出成型造粒。
制备PLA:
各组分含量:
聚乳酸(100份),马来酸酐(2份),过氧化二异丙苯(0.02份)。
制备方法:
在150-160℃、转速为30r/min情况下,利用双螺杆挤出机将所配物料挤出成型造粒。
制备聚乳酸板材:
各组分含量:
聚乳酸(90份),聚乙醇酸(10份),发泡剂母粒(9份),竹粉(10份),淀粉(30份),滑石粉(5份),甘油(5份),柠檬酸(5份)。
在温度T1=150、T2=160、T3=160、T4=160、T5=170,转速为n=30r/min条件下,利用单螺杆挤出机将所配物料挤出成型微发泡片材。
实例二:
制备发泡剂母粒:
各组分含量:
可发泡微球(100份),乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(200份)。
制备方法:
在60-100℃、转速为30r/min情况下,利用双螺杆挤出机将所配物料挤出成型造粒。
制备PLA:
各组分含量:
聚乳酸(100份),马来酸酐(4份),过氧化二异丙苯(0.04份)。
制备方法:
在150-160℃、转速为30r/min情况下,利用双螺杆挤出机将所配物料挤出成型造粒。
制备聚乳酸板材:
各组分含量:
聚乳酸(90份),PBAT(90份),发泡剂母粒(12份),竹粉(10份),淀粉(30份),甘油(5份),柠檬酸(5份),滑石粉(5份)。
在温度T1=150、T2=160、T3=160、T4=160、T5=170,转速为n=30r/min条件下,利用单螺杆挤出机将所配物料挤出成型微发泡片材。
Claims (9)
1.一种新型挤塑聚乳酸微发泡片材生产技术,其特征在于:该片材的组分及含量:聚合物基体(100份),发泡剂母粒(3-12份),加工助剂(3-20份),填料(10-50份);该生产技术主要涉及的设备:双螺杆挤出机,单螺杆挤出机,密炼机。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的聚合物基体,其特征在于,所述的聚合物基体为聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、PBAT或其复配物。
3.根据权利要求书1所述的发泡剂母粒,其特征在于,所述的发泡剂母粒为含不同比例的丙烯腈系共聚物,丙烯酸系共聚物,低沸点烃类,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物等。
4.根据权利要求书1所述的加工助剂,其特征在于,所述的加工助剂为柠檬酸三丁酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸、甘油、马来酸酐和过氧化二异丙苯等。
5.根据权利要求书1所述的填料,其特征在于,所述的填料为滑石粉、竹纤维和淀粉等。
6.根据权利要求书1所述的双螺杆挤出机,其特征在于,所述的双螺杆挤出机为65级双螺杆,且挤出温度为100℃-240℃,螺杆的转速为0r/min-60r/min。
7.根据权利要求书1所述的单螺杆挤出机,其特征在于,所述的单螺杆挤出机挤出温度为100℃-240℃,螺杆的转速为0r/min-60r/min。
8.根据权利要求书1所述的密炼机,其特征在于,所述的密炼机温度大小为30℃-160℃。
9.根据权利要求书1所述的一种新型挤塑聚乳酸微发泡片材生产技术,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
1)发泡剂母粒的制备:在一定温度和转速下,选取适当比例的发泡微球、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物在密炼机或双螺杆挤出机中制备发泡剂母粒。
2)PLA的制备:将PLA和马来酸酐、过氧化二异丙苯在一定温度和转速下在双螺杆挤出机中挤出,并造粒。
3)按照以下组分配比备料:聚合物基体(100份),发泡剂母粒(3-12份),加工助剂(3-20份),填料(10-50份)。
4)在一定温度和转速下,在单螺杆挤出机中将所配物料挤出成型为聚乳酸微发泡片材。
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Cited By (7)
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CN110128804A (zh) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-16 | 北京化工大学 | 一种提高聚羟基脂肪酸酯熔融加工性能和力学性能的方法 |
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CN110294923A (zh) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-01 | 江西玉源环保科技有限公司 | 微发泡全生物降解聚合物片材及其制备方法 |
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