Tree planting machine and control method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tree planting equipment, in particular to a tree planting machine and a control method, wherein the tree planting machine is high in pit digging efficiency, reliable in tree planting quality and capable of ensuring the survival rate of trees.
Background
Usually, a manual mode is adopted for planting trees, reports of organizing a large number of people for planting trees are often seen every season suitable for planting trees, the time duration of planting trees by a large number of people is limited, the labor intensity of manual labor is high after all, the safety is poor, people are easy to fatigue and cannot last in time, but a large number of barren mountains need to be covered with vegetation, the efficiency of planting trees is improved, and the problem to be solved is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of low efficiency and poor safety of artificial tree planting in the prior art, and provides the tree planting machine and the control method which have high pit digging efficiency and reliable tree planting quality and ensure the survival rate of trees.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a tree planter comprises a platform, a plurality of support rods, a hydraulic oil cylinder, a support plate, two parallel transverse rails, longitudinal connecting rods, M vertical rods, an excavating mechanism, lead screws and a first motor, wherein the support rods are used for supporting the platform; the connecting rod left side of each montant all is equipped with L shape soil and collects the structure, L shape soil is collected the structure and is included the L shaped plate and locate the preceding curb plate of L shaped plate front side, locate the posterior lateral plate of L shaped plate rear side, the lower limb of L shaped plate and each lower extreme contact of excavating the mechanism, longitudinal tie rod and 2 horizontal track sliding connection, longitudinal tie rod respectively with 2 lead screw thread fit, still include the controller, the controller is connected with hydraulic cylinder and 2 first motor electricity respectively, M > 3.
The controller controls 2 first motors to drive 2 screw rods to rotate, so that the controller controls the 2 first motors to stop working after the connecting rods are positioned at the left ends of the two transverse rails;
the controller controls the hydraulic oil cylinder to drive the supporting plate and each excavating structure to descend, and after the L-shaped soil collecting structure and each excavating structure are extruded into soil for H1 meters, the controller controls the hydraulic oil cylinder to stop working;
the controller controls the two electric screw rods of the 2 first motors to rotate, so that the L-shaped soil collection structure and the excavation structures are driven to move rightwards through the connecting rods, the L-shaped soil collection structure pushes the turned soil to turn out to the front side and the rear side of the L-shaped soil collection structure, and the residual soil is left in the L-shaped soil collection structure;
after the soil in the L-shaped soil collection structure is fully extruded, the controller controls the 2 first motors to stop working, the hydraulic oil cylinder is controlled to drive the supporting plate to move upwards, and the L-shaped soil collection structure drives the soil to rise;
after the L-shaped soil collection structure rises for N meters, the controller controls the hydraulic oil cylinder to stop working, and after an operator takes out soil in the L-shaped soil collection structure, the controller controls the hydraulic oil cylinder to drive the supporting plates and the excavating structures to descend for N meters; and repeating the steps to continuously deepen the tree pit until the tree pit depth meets the requirement, and stopping digging the tree pit.
Therefore, after the tree pit digging device is used, an operator can control the digging of the tree pit only by operating the controller, the labor intensity is low, the safety is good, and the size and the depth of the tree pit can be controlled, so that the survival rate of the tree seedlings is effectively ensured.
Preferably, the excavator further comprises a surrounding plate, an annular guide rail, an annular chain and a second motor are arranged on the surrounding plate, the second motor drives the chain to move through a gear, a digging shovel with an inward side face arched in an outward arc shape is arranged on the chain, and the second motor is electrically connected with the controller.
The coaming is formed by bending a rectangular plate and clamping two ends of the rectangular plate; the annular guide rail is formed by bending a strip-shaped metal guide rail and fixedly connecting two ends of the strip-shaped metal guide rail.
Preferably, still include upper end open-ended earth bin, the cross section of earth bin personally submits the rectangle with L shaped plate matched with, earth bin lower part and the ground contact of bounding wall outside, earth bin upper portion inclines to the inboard top of bounding wall and extends, earth bin upper portion adopts elastic plastic material to make.
Preferably, the excavation structure is V-shaped, the excavation structure comprises an inclined rod which is inclined forwards gradually from top to bottom and a V-shaped rod which is connected with the lower end of the inclined rod and is opened backwards, and a plurality of connecting rods which are arranged at intervals are arranged between the V-shaped rod and the inclined rod.
The excavating structures of the invention turn over the soil, the turned-over soil leaks out from the gaps among the connecting rods, and the leaked soil can just enter the excavating cylinder.
Preferably, the left ends of the two transverse rails are provided with a stop block. The dog is used for preventing that the connecting rod from deviating from 2 transverse rails.
A control method of a tree planter comprises the following steps:
(6-1) the controller controls 2 first motors to drive 2 screw rods to rotate, so that the 2 first motors stop working after the connecting rods are positioned at the left ends of the two transverse rails;
the controller controls the hydraulic oil cylinder to drive the supporting plate and each excavating structure to descend, and after the L-shaped soil collecting structure and each excavating structure are extruded into soil for H1 meters, the controller controls the hydraulic oil cylinder to stop working;
the depth of each excavation H1 was obtained empirically, H1 was 30 cm to 40 cm.
(6-2) the controller controls the 2 first motors to drive the two electric screw rods to rotate, so that the L-shaped soil collecting structure and the excavating structures are driven to move rightwards through the connecting rods, the L-shaped soil collecting structure pushes the turned-up soil to turn out towards the front side and the rear side of the L-shaped soil collecting structure, and the rest soil is left in the L-shaped soil collecting structure;
(6-3) more and more soil is collected in the L-shaped soil collection structure, when the L-shaped soil collection structure is filled with the soil, the controller controls the 2 first motors to stop working, the hydraulic oil cylinder is controlled to drive the supporting plate to move upwards, and the L-shaped soil collection structure drives the soil to rise;
after the soil in the L-shaped soil collecting structure is fully squeezed, the excavation is stopped, so that the L-shaped soil collecting structure drives the soil to rise, the difficulty of excavation at each time is reduced, and the rotating load brought to the motor is reduced.
(6-4) after the L-shaped soil collection structure rises for N meters, the controller controls the hydraulic oil cylinder to stop working, and after an operator takes out soil in the L-shaped soil collection structure, the controller controls the hydraulic oil cylinder to drive the supporting plates and the excavating structures to descend for N meters, and the step (6-2) is carried out;
(6-5) when the connecting rod moves to a distance of 10 cm to 15 cm from the right ends of the two tracks, the step (6-1) is carried out.
Preferably, the excavator further comprises a coaming, wherein the coaming is provided with an annular guide rail, an annular chain and a second motor, the second motor drives the chain to move through a gear, the chain is provided with a digging shovel with an inward arc-shaped arch, and the second motor is electrically connected with the controller; the method also comprises the following tree planting steps:
(7-1) after the tree pit is dug, moving the platform and each supporting rod away from the tree pit, putting the tree seedling into the tree pit, and holding the tree seedling by hands;
(7-2) the controller controls a second motor to work, the second motor drives the digging shovel to move circularly along the guide rail, so that soil is filled in the tree pit, the tree pit is filled with the soil after the second motor works for T2, and the controller controls the second motor to stop working;
(7-3) digging out the annular groove outside the tree pit, and watering the annular groove by an operator.
Preferably, the soil storage box is provided with an opening at the upper end, the cross section of the soil storage box is in a rectangular shape matched with the L-shaped plate, the lower part of the soil storage box is contacted with the ground outside the coaming, the upper part of the soil storage box extends towards the upper part of the inner side of the coaming in an inclined manner, and the upper part of the soil storage box is made of elastic plastic materials; an operator unloads soil in the L-shaped soil collecting structure and then replaces the soil with the following steps, so that the inlet of the soil storing box is positioned below the L-shaped soil collecting structure, and the soil in the L-shaped soil collecting structure is moved to the rear of the soil storing box;
the method also comprises the following steps between the step (7-1) and the step (7-2):
an operator turns over the soil storage box by taking the upper edge of the enclosing plate as a fulcrum, and soil in the soil storage box is poured into the enclosing plate.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the labor intensity is low, the safety is good, the size and the depth of the tree pit can be controlled, and the survival rate of the saplings is effectively guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of one configuration of the digging structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of one construction of the L-shaped soil collection structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a structural schematic view of a cross section of the digging shovel of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure: platform 1, bracing piece 2, hydraulic cylinder 3, backup pad 4, horizontal track 5, longitudinal tie rod 6, montant 7, excavating mechanism 8, lead screw 9, first motor 10, bounding wall 11, digger blade 13, tilting lever 81, V-arrangement pole 82, connecting rod 83, circular guide rail 111, endless chain 112, L-arrangement soil collection structure 501, controller 502, dog 503, L-arrangement board 5011, front plate 5012, back plate 5013.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
Example 1
The embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2 is a tree planter, which comprises a platform 1, 4 support rods 2 for supporting the platform, a hydraulic oil cylinder 3 arranged on the lower surface of the platform, a support plate 4 connected with the hydraulic oil cylinder, two parallel transverse rails 5 arranged on the lower surface of the support plate, longitudinal connecting rods 6 arranged on the two transverse rails, 4 vertical rods 7 connected with the longitudinal connecting rods, an excavating mechanism 8 arranged at the lower end of each vertical rod, screw rods 9 connected with the two ends of the connecting rods, and a first motor 10 arranged at the right end of the support plate and respectively connected with the right ends of the two screw rods; the left ends of the two transverse rails are provided with a stop 503.
As shown in fig. 3, the left side of the connecting rod of each vertical rod is provided with an L-shaped soil collection structure 501, the L-shaped soil collection structure comprises an L-shaped plate 5011, a front side plate 5012 arranged on the front side of the L-shaped plate, a rear side plate 5013 arranged on the rear side of the L-shaped plate, the lower edge of the L-shaped plate is in contact with the lower end of each excavating mechanism, the longitudinal connecting rod is in sliding connection with 2 transverse rails, and the longitudinal connecting rod is in threaded fit with 2 lead screws respectively.
As shown in fig. 5, the hydraulic cylinder further comprises a controller 502, and the controller is electrically connected with the hydraulic cylinder and the 2 first motors respectively.
As shown in fig. 2, the excavating structure includes an inclined bar 81 inclined forward gradually from top to bottom and a V-shaped bar 82 opened backward connected to a lower end of the inclined bar, with a plurality of connecting bars 83 arranged at intervals therebetween.
As shown in fig. 6, a method for controlling a tree planter includes the steps of digging a tree pit:
step 100, driving each excavating structure to extrude into soil by a hydraulic oil cylinder
The controller controls 2 first motors to drive 2 screw rods to rotate, so that the 2 first motors stop working after the connecting rods are positioned at the left ends of the two transverse rails;
the controller controls the hydraulic oil cylinder to drive the supporting plate and each excavating structure to descend, and after the L-shaped soil collecting structure and each excavating structure are extruded into soil by 40 cm, the controller controls the hydraulic oil cylinder to stop working;
step 200, the soil enters an L-shaped soil collection structure
The controller controls the two electric screw rods of the 2 first motors to rotate, so that the L-shaped soil collection structure and the excavation structures are driven to move rightwards through the connecting rods, the L-shaped soil collection structure pushes the turned soil to turn out to the front side and the rear side of the L-shaped soil collection structure, and the residual soil is left in the L-shaped soil collection structure;
step 300, the L-shaped soil collection structure is lifted
The soil collected in the L-shaped soil collecting structure is more and more, when the soil in the L-shaped soil collecting structure is fully squeezed, the controller controls the 2 first motors to stop working, the hydraulic oil cylinder is controlled to drive the supporting plate to move upwards, and the L-shaped soil collecting structure drives the soil to rise;
step 400, pouring out soil in the digging cylinder
After the L-shaped soil collection structure rises by 1.5 meters, the controller controls the hydraulic oil cylinder to stop working, and after an operator takes out soil in the L-shaped soil collection structure, the controller controls the hydraulic oil cylinder to drive the supporting plates and the excavating structures to descend by 1.5 meters, and the step 200 is shifted to;
step 500, moving the connecting rod to a distance of 10 cm from the right ends of the two rails
When the connecting rod moves to a distance of 10 cm from the right ends of the two rails, the process goes to step 100.
Example 2
Embodiment 2 includes all the structure and method parts of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1, embodiment 2 further includes a shroud 11, on which an annular guide rail 111 and an annular chain 112 are arranged, on which a second motor is arranged, the second motor drives the chain to move through a gear, the chain is provided with a digging shovel 13 which is arched with an inward side facing outward arc and is shown in fig. 4, as shown in fig. 5, and the second motor is electrically connected with a controller.
The method also comprises the following tree planting steps:
(7-1) after the tree pit is dug, moving the platform and each supporting rod away from the tree pit, putting the tree seedling into the tree pit, and holding the tree seedling by hands;
(7-2) the controller controls a second motor to work, the second motor drives the digging shovel to move circularly along the guide rail, so that soil is filled in the tree pit, the tree pit is filled with soil after the second motor works for 5 minutes, and the controller controls the second motor to stop working;
(7-3) digging out the annular groove outside the tree pit, and watering the annular groove by an operator.
Example 3
Embodiment 3 includes all the structure and method parts of embodiment 2, and embodiment 3 further includes a soil storage box 14 with an opening at the upper end as shown in fig. 1, the cross section of the soil storage box is rectangular matched with the L-shaped plate, the lower part of the soil storage box is contacted with the ground outside the coaming, the upper part of the soil storage box extends towards the upper part of the inner side of the coaming in an inclined way, and the upper part of the soil storage box is made of elastic plastic materials;
the operator in example 2 unloaded the soil in the L-shaped soil collection structure and replaced it by positioning the inlet of the soil storage bin below the L-shaped soil collection structure and moving the soil in the L-shaped soil collection structure behind the soil storage bin;
the method also comprises the following steps between the step (7-1) and the step (7-2):
an operator turns over the soil storage box by taking the upper edge of the enclosing plate as a fulcrum, and soil in the soil storage box is poured into the enclosing plate.
It should be understood that this example is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.