CN108834625A - A kind of jujube tree facility cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of jujube tree facility cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108834625A CN108834625A CN201810775914.3A CN201810775914A CN108834625A CN 108834625 A CN108834625 A CN 108834625A CN 201810775914 A CN201810775914 A CN 201810775914A CN 108834625 A CN108834625 A CN 108834625A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to agriculture woods fruit technical fields, and in particular to a kind of jujube tree facility cultivation method improves the yield and quality of jujube tree the technical problem to be solved is that establishment planting technology is used；The technical solution used for：A kind of jujube tree facility cultivation method, includes the following steps：Tree structure wavelet, trimming manage, soil, fertilizer, water management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, build facility plastic greenhouse, and warm, wet, light regulation detains canopy and takes off canopy and open in due course first-class；The present invention plants jujube tree in greenhouse, it can prevent from jujube from being undermined under the influence of harsh weather to fall, improve jujube yield, and comprehensive, regular management measure is taken soil, water, fertilizer and tree body, enhance the photosynthesis of jujube tree, fruit taste is more sweet, and planting patterns of the present invention is scientific and reasonable, easy to operate, is conducive to promote and apply in jujube tree field of planting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agriculture woods fruit technical fields, and in particular to a kind of jujube tree facility cultivation method.
Background technique
Jujube tree is a kind of deciduous tree for being grown in Temperate Region in China, is suitble to warm area in south China and northern part
Regional culture.Jujube, which can be eaten raw, can also be made dry fruit or preserved fruit etc..Calcium and iron are rich in jujube, jujube can protect
Liver plays an important role to prevention and treatment osteoporosis, postpartum anemia.With the enhancing of people's health care consciousness, the market demand of jujube
Amount is continuously increased.
Red dates industry experienced by traditional dry product kind processed and table variety and deposit, then from table variety field production to setting
Apply the development process of cultivation mode.The direct outdoor cropping of traditional jujube tree, is affected, and have by environment, climatic factor
Orchard establishment is lack of standardization, spacing in the rows, the problems such as line-spacing is unreasonable, leads to jujube low output, of poor quality, gives peasant household's bring economic benefit
It is few.The yield and quality for how improving open country jujube tree facility cultivation is the key that jujube cultivation development.
Summary of the invention
The invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art, and provides a kind of open country jujube trees after transformation, big in facility
The method planted in canopy.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of jujube tree facility cultivation method, including
Following steps：
1）Tree structure wavelet：It is fresh to big crown type free growing in open country jujube garden according to the tree-like requirement of the standard of jujube facility cultivation
The jujube tree that food species jujube tree trims not in place, tree-like still larger unsuitable facility cultivation carries out tree structure wavelet, entirely reaches it
It is tree-like based on the happy type of dwarfing of construction facility cultivation, while drawing branch is carried out to skeleton major branch, its spreading angle is reached 65 degree
More than, major alterations method includes：
A. head is fallen：Height and distribution situation are formed according to jujube tree first layer major branch, in conjunction with the height of built facility plastic greenhouse, is retained
3 to 4 scaffold limbs carry out existing big tree disposably to fall head, remove high part, jujube tree total height be lower than facility canopy 80cm~
100cm；
B. sparse branching is promoted：It is promoted first to head tree is fallen, trunk control selects and remain 3 to 4 in 80cm or more from top to down under branch
Be evenly distributed, the reasonable branch in orientation gives over to major branch, by branch overstocked in forming layer, sick branch, thin and delicate branch and the part 80cm or less
Branch all remove, in order to be managed into garden；
C. branch retraction is drawn：It falls after the completion of head, promotion, the major branch of reservation is carried out to draw branch spreading angle, by spreading angle less than 65
For the branch of degree by drawing the method spreading angle of branch to 65 degree or more, the vigorous nutrient growth of control jujube tree promotes flourish,
Draw branch while, according between strain, in the ranks space size and branch spread length gradually bounced back, it is unlikely to control effective tree crown
In excessive and influence illumination, ventilation and management；
2）Trimming management：Trimming mainly the jujube head and jujube such as hangs and is carried out pinching based on Growing season, by taking branch, turning round branch, draw
The spreading angle of the upright branch of the methods of branch adjustment or large-scale branch group, the excessive vertical branch of back of erasing wipe out overstocked branch etc.；
A. spring trims：It is carried out before jujube tree germinates, mainly wipes out that the jujube that last year does not fall off is hung, lignifying jujube is hung, the branch that dries up,
Sick branch, thin and delicate branch, the overstocked branch of intersection etc. reduce nutrient effective consumption, promote jujube tree robust growth result；
B. summer pruning：It is surging according to jujube growth amount and growth, pinching is carried out to current year new pumping branch in time and is removed, and
By the growth angle and direction taken branch, turn round branch change branch, promotees its robust growth and rationally using space, rationally adjust nutrition
Distribution, utilize, in advance as a result, pinching management should be carried out continuously in the entire season of growth, remove, take branch, turn round branch in Growing season
Section carries out at any time；
3）Soil, fertilizer, water management:Jujube garden will get bumper crops, and forming and keep healthy and strong good tree body is key, therefore, in jujube tree difference
Growth and development period, demand according to each phase tree body to nutrient is different, and administrative purposes are different, targetedly carry out soil, fertilizer,
Water and tree body management, can save unnecessary expenses and obtain optimal economic benefit, reach effect of getting twice the result with half the effort；
A. soil management：Secondary full Orchard Soil is carried out every year to plough deeply；After spring, summer, each phase in autumn apply fertilizer every time, water, in time into
Row weeds with a hoe, and accomplishes often to keep garden soil loose, penetrating good；
B. fertilizing management：According to the growth needs in jujube tree each period, different fertilizer is applied, mainly with biological organic fertilizer and life
Based on object bacterial manure, autumn and winter in the ranks ditch it is deep applies fertilizer to the subsoil, furrow width 40cm, depth 60cm, apply it is abundant it is decomposed after organic farmyard manure
Or biological organic fertilizer；Spring, summer, Qiu Geji impose quick-acting chemical fertilizer or compound fertilizer；
C. watering management：It waters every two days after fertilising every time；In addition soil moisture content variation and jujube growth in garden should be observed at any time
Watering is replenished in time in situation as needed, to meet jujube growth, physiological requirements, it is ensured that the normal robust growth of jujube tree；
4）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Main diseases and insect pests in facility are jujube rust, jujube anthracnose, red spider, small heart-eating peach worm etc., prevention and treatment
Organic harmless boilogical pesticide is mainly used, bio-control method is gradually carried out, takes physical control, biological control and drug anti-
Control the method combined；
5）Build facility plastic greenhouse：Greenhouse is north and south arcuately greenhouse, using all steel frame structure welding；
6）Final-period management：
A. warm, wet, light regulation：Greenhouse temperature is adjusted by lid cotton-wadded quilt and opening and closing ventilation opening is taken off, and is detained 20 days~30 before canopy
Its tree disk overlay film makes to detain 2~3 DEG C of ground temperature early period raising after canopy, detain after canopy 20 days~30 days, lid cotton-wadded quilt, creates low temperature round the clock
Environment is broken jujube tree suspend mode, is started to warm up to late January, and temperature can not go up too fastly, takes the method gradually to heat up, rudiment
Preceding temperature control is at 15~18 DEG C, 7~8 DEG C of night；Temperature control is at 17~22 DEG C, 10~13 DEG C of night after rudiment；Branch out
Leaf stretching period temperature is controlled at 18~25 DEG C, 10~15 DEG C of night；20~26 DEG C of flowering stage, 12~16 DEG C of night；Full-bloom stage 22~
30 DEG C, 15~18 DEG C of night；25~30 DEG C of fruit development period, film is gradually opened later, and jujube tree is made to adapt to external environment；Air
Relative humidity will control before spending 75%~85%, and the florescence is maintained at 50%~60%, other growing stages are controlled 58%~62%,
Unless damage caused by a drought is heavier, generally pour water without ground, when such as need to really pour water, water will pour into the morning after pre-temperature；
B. it detains canopy and takes off canopy：By one section of natural dormancy, by the end of December at the beginning of 1 month, using sufficient base fertilizer, 50 kilograms of strain organic fertilizer, and
It is filled with enough water, tree disk covers mulch, can detain canopy film；September early and middle ten days leak informaton 8 days~12 days round the clock into picking time, after having adopted,
Then film is taken off；It is still to reinforce the soil fertilizer and water management and trimming to winter jujube after taking off canopy, increases trunk infusion, cultivate tree-like；
C. first is opened in due course：At jujube tree full blossom initial stage, in trunk away from girding is carried out at the 18cm~22cm of ground, width is in 0.2cm
~0.5cm dries in the air 2 days~3 days after opening first, is then wrapped up with plastic cloth；Stringent fruit thinning is such as beared fruit excessive, and tree vigo(u)r is easily weak, stays
Fruit amount should determine that the general strong each jujube of tree, which is hung, stays 2 young fruits, and weak tree stays 1 children according to the age of tree, tree vigo(u)r and fruitful branch power
Fruit, remaining fruit all remove, and when fruit thinning, to select and remain poppyhead fruit as far as possible, hang to lignifying jujube and fruit amount is stayed to increase accordingly, to improve
Yield.
The step 1）Middle jujube tree trunk height control is between 1.3 meters~1.8 meters.
The step 2）Middle pinching is current year pumping shoot reasonable to inserted part, that space is sufficient, when increment reaches
Pinching control is carried out when 35cm~40cm, is promoted its robust growth, is quickly formed fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the jujube excessive to increment is hung,
After bearing fruit for the first time and for the second time, optionally by its too long partial enucleation, it is ensured that jujube hangs stalwartness, produces high-quality date fruit；It removes
Be it is unreasonable to inserted part, without growing space or overstocked branch of growing thickly, erased or removed in time, reduce excessive nutrition
Effective consumption；By branch be it is unreasonable to inserted part and direction, growing space is insufficient, but there are scarce branch or larger space in its periphery
Branch rationally makes up scarce branch space by taking branch to change its direction of growth；Turning round branch is, nutrition life less reasonable to inserted part
Long excessively vigorous current year pumping shoot changes its vertical growth state by the method for turning round branch, and control weakens its vigorous growth
State, achieve the purpose that rationally to utilize.
The step 4）Middle prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control concrete measure is to scrape jujube tree in overwintering preceding and early spring every year to stick up skin always, is destroyed
Pest and disease damage hibernacle reduces to set on pest and cause harm；Time 5 ° of Be lime sulfurs of spray in dormant period 1 week, spray 3 ° of Be before rudiment
Lime sulfur, to prevent and treat wintering pest evil；Optionally spray 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 3000~4000 times of liquid, eliminate red spider,
The pests such as small heart-eating peach worm；Fruit growth period spray 800~1000 times of liquid 2 of 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl~
3 times, for the last time 1 month before fruit is mature, to prevent and treat jujube rust, jujube anthracnose.
The step 6）Gradually temperature-rising method is：2/5 cotton-wadded quilt of pull-up on daytime first stage, canopy temperature are maintained at 8~12 DEG C, when
Between maintain 3~5 days；2/3 cotton-wadded quilt of second stage pull-up, canopy temperature are maintained at 10~15 DEG C, and the time maintains 3~4 days；Phase III draws
4/5 cotton-wadded quilt is played, at 10~18 DEG C, the time maintains 3~5 days canopy temperature control system；Later cotton-wadded quilt whole pull-up, make indoor quickly liter
Temperature.
The step 3）Fertilization principle is spring high nitrogen, low-phosphorous, low potassium in fertilizing management, gradually decreases nitrogenous fertilizer application later
Amount, increases the sowing amount of phosphorus potash fertilizer, and the low nitrogenous fertilizer of the high potassium of Fertilizer In Autumn digs cave top dressing in tree disk surrounding, can not concentrate fertilising, more can not
It spreads fertilizer over the fields on surface layer.
The step 3）In soil management, according to the physiological property of jujube tree, to freezing greatly after fallen leaves of annual autumn and winter
Preceding and summer carries out secondary full Orchard Soil and ploughs deeply, ploughed depth is in 30cm or more to early July by the end of June.
The step 1）In while drawing branch, branch gradually bounces back 1/3~1/2, controls effective tree crown and is unlikely to excessive.
The implement sequence of the facility plastic greenhouse includes：
1）Practical unwrapping wire：Basis levelling, the ground auger perforating of level fixed point, 60 centimetres of depth, placing concrete, lower built-in fitting,
Built-in fitting specification 150mm*150mm*6mm steel plate, 12 spiral of ∮；
2）Weld anti-corrosion：Skeleton winds up 50mm coating steel pipe, 10 round steel of lower edge ∮, and lacing wire is welded, middle high 4.2m, the high 2m in side,
Weld bond brushing steel construction paint special, the good rear and built-in fitting firm welding of skeleton frame, pad brushing asphalt caulk anti-corrosion；Using
30mm*30mm*2.0mm zinc-plated square tube welds aerial ladder, weld bond brushing antirust paint, using the zinc-plated round tube of 40mm*2.0mm according to determining
High length processes column, column and built-in fitting firm welding, top and arch firm welding, brushing antirust paint in canopy；Welding is vertical
Ceiling portion overlaps aerial ladder after column；
3）Binding in wire：Steel wire lock tightening is used at interval of 25cm, canopy head inside is according to 2~3 0.6m* of digging under canopy body width
0.6m*1.5m deep foundation, 12 screw-thread steel of ∮ is bent U-shaped hook, with No. 16 flower basket bolt binding in wire of ∮；
4）Vent position is set；The zinc-plated card slot of 2.0mm is installed, card slot bottom is laid with iron net, to prevent flood packet,
The zinc-plated round tube of 20mm*2.0mm is as film roll bar, the switch sealing of 105 type jack film-coiling devices；
5）Overlay film：PO10 plastic films are covered,（The film translucency is excellent, and stretching resistance is strong,）Modeling circlip is fixed in card slot；
6）Cover cotton-wadded quilt：Cotton-wadded quilt uses upper and lower 400 grams of black certified products non-woven fabrics, and for intermediate 300 grams of certified products without glue surface, cotton-wadded quilt is included taut
Band stick overlaps, and cotton-wadded quilt roll bar uses bis- beam hangers of 50mm*5.5mm, and make-up welding rolls cotton using New-type cast steel shutter
Quilt.
Different spans is arranged according to plot actual size for the construction of the facility plastic greenhouse, more than 17 meters 3 rows of arrangement above
Column, levelling based on built-in fitting, round tube reinforcing bar, which combines, is made into skeleton, encircles 2.5 meters of spacing, steel wire lock tightening structure.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art.
One, the present invention plants jujube tree in greenhouse, can prevent jujube from being undermined under the influence of harsh weather and fall, mention
High jujube yield.
Two, special ventilation opening is arranged in facility plastic greenhouse of the invention, and making jujube tree during growth has preferable lead to
Gas enhances plant respiration ability, guarantees the quality of jujube.
Three, the present invention takes soil, water, fertilizer and tree body comprehensive, regular management measure, enhances the photosynthetic work of jujube tree
With fruit taste is more sweet.
Four, planting patterns of the invention is scientific and reasonable, easy to operate, is conducive to promote and apply in jujube tree field of planting.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of jujube tree facility cultivation method, includes the following steps：
1）Tree structure wavelet：It is fresh to big crown type free growing in open country jujube garden according to the tree-like requirement of the standard of jujube facility cultivation
The jujube tree that food species jujube tree trims not in place, tree-like still larger unsuitable facility cultivation carries out tree structure wavelet, entirely reaches it
It is tree-like based on the happy type of dwarfing of construction facility cultivation, while drawing branch is carried out to skeleton major branch, its spreading angle is reached 65 degree
More than, major alterations method includes：
A. head is fallen：Height and distribution situation are formed according to jujube tree first layer major branch, in conjunction with the height of built facility plastic greenhouse, is retained
3 to 4 scaffold limbs carry out existing big tree disposably to fall head, remove high part, jujube tree total height be lower than facility canopy 80cm~
100cm；
B. sparse branching is promoted：It is promoted first to head tree is fallen, trunk control selects and remain 3 points in 80cm or more from top to down under branch
Cloth is uniform, the reasonable branch in orientation gives over to major branch, by branch overstocked in forming layer, sick branch, thin and delicate branch and the part 80cm or less
Branch all removes, in order to manage into garden；
C. branch retraction is drawn：It falls after the completion of head, promotion, the major branch of reservation is carried out to draw branch spreading angle, by spreading angle less than 65
For the branch of degree by drawing the method spreading angle of branch to 65 degree or more, the vigorous nutrient growth of control jujube tree promotes flourish,
Draw branch while, according between strain, in the ranks space size and branch spread length gradually bounced back, it is unlikely to control effective tree crown
In excessive and influence illumination, ventilation and management；
2）Trimming management：Trimming mainly the jujube head and jujube such as hangs and is carried out pinching based on Growing season, by taking branch, turning round branch, draw
The spreading angle of the upright branch of the methods of branch adjustment or large-scale branch group, the excessive vertical branch of back of erasing wipe out overstocked branch etc.；
A. spring trims：It is carried out before jujube tree germinates, mainly wipes out that the jujube that last year does not fall off is hung, lignifying jujube is hung, the branch that dries up,
Sick branch, thin and delicate branch, the overstocked branch of intersection etc. reduce nutrient effective consumption, promote jujube tree robust growth result；
B. summer pruning：It is surging according to jujube growth amount and growth, pinching is carried out to current year new pumping branch in time and is removed, and
By the growth angle and direction taken branch, turn round branch change branch, promotees its robust growth and rationally using space, rationally adjust nutrition
Distribution, utilize, in advance as a result, pinching management should be carried out continuously in the entire season of growth, remove, take branch, turn round branch in Growing season
Section carries out at any time；
3）Soil, fertilizer, water management:Jujube garden will get bumper crops, and forming and keep healthy and strong good tree body is key, therefore, in jujube tree difference
Growth and development period, demand according to each phase tree body to nutrient is different, and administrative purposes are different, targetedly carry out soil, fertilizer,
Water and tree body management, can save unnecessary expenses and obtain optimal economic benefit, reach effect of getting twice the result with half the effort；
A. soil management：Secondary full Orchard Soil is carried out every year to plough deeply；After spring, summer, each phase in autumn apply fertilizer every time, water, in time into
Row weeds with a hoe, and accomplishes often to keep garden soil loose, penetrating good；
B. fertilizing management：According to the growth needs in jujube tree each period, different fertilizer is applied, mainly with biological organic fertilizer and life
Based on object bacterial manure, autumn and winter in the ranks ditch it is deep applies fertilizer to the subsoil, furrow width 40cm, depth 60cm, apply it is abundant it is decomposed after organic farmyard manure
Or biological organic fertilizer；Spring, summer, Qiu Geji impose quick-acting chemical fertilizer or compound fertilizer；
C. watering management：It waters every two days after fertilising every time；In addition soil moisture content variation and jujube growth in garden should be observed at any time
Watering is replenished in time in situation as needed, to meet jujube growth, physiological requirements, it is ensured that the normal robust growth of jujube tree；
4）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Main diseases and insect pests in facility are jujube rust, jujube anthracnose, red spider, small heart-eating peach worm etc., prevention and treatment
Organic harmless boilogical pesticide is mainly used, bio-control method is gradually carried out, takes physical control, biological control and drug anti-
Control the method combined；
5）Build facility plastic greenhouse：Greenhouse is north and south arcuately greenhouse, using all steel frame structure welding；
6）Final-period management：
A. warm, wet, light regulation：Greenhouse temperature is adjusted by lid cotton-wadded quilt and opening and closing ventilation opening is taken off, and detains 20 days tree disks before canopy
Overlay film makes to detain 2~3 DEG C of ground temperature early period raising after canopy, detain after canopy 20 days, lid cotton-wadded quilt, creates low temperature environment, break jujube tree round the clock
Suspend mode is started to warm up to late January, and temperature can not go up too fastly, takes the method gradually to heat up, and temperature control is 15 before rudiment
~18 DEG C, 7~8 DEG C of night；Temperature control is at 17~22 DEG C, 10~13 DEG C of night after rudiment；Leaf stretching period temperature of branching out control
At 18~25 DEG C, 10~15 DEG C of night；20~26 DEG C of flowering stage, 12~16 DEG C of night；22~30 DEG C of full-bloom stage, night 15~18
℃；25~30 DEG C of fruit development period, film is gradually opened later, and jujube tree is made to adapt to external environment；Relative air humidity is wanted before spending
Control is 75%~85%, and the florescence is maintained at 50%~60%, other growing stages are controlled 58%, unless damage caused by a drought is heavier, generally not
It carries out ground to pour water, when such as need to really pour water, water will pour into the morning after pre-temperature；
B. it detains canopy and takes off canopy：By one section of natural dormancy, by the end of December at the beginning of 1 month, using sufficient base fertilizer, 50 kilograms of strain organic fertilizer, and
It is filled with enough water, tree disk covers mulch, can detain canopy film；Early September leaks informaton 8 days round the clock after having adopted into picking time, then takes off film；
It is still to reinforce the soil fertilizer and water management and trimming to winter jujube after taking off canopy, increases trunk infusion, cultivate tree-like；
C. first is opened in due course：At jujube tree full blossom initial stage, in trunk away from girding is carried out at the 18cm~22cm of ground, width is in 0.2cm
~0.5cm dries in the air 2 days after opening first, is then wrapped up with plastic cloth；Stringent fruit thinning is such as beared fruit excessive, and tree vigo(u)r is easily weak, stays fruit amount
It should be determined according to the age of tree, tree vigo(u)r and fruitful branch power, the general strong each jujube of tree, which is hung, stays 2 young fruits, and weak tree stays 1 young fruit,
Remaining fruit all removes, and when fruit thinning, to select and remain poppyhead fruit as far as possible, hang to lignifying jujube and fruit amount is stayed to increase accordingly, and is produced with improving
Amount.
The step 1）Middle jujube tree trunk height control is between 1.3 meters~1.8 meters.
The step 2）Middle pinching is current year pumping shoot reasonable to inserted part, that space is sufficient, when increment reaches
Pinching control is carried out when 35cm~40cm, is promoted its robust growth, is quickly formed fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the jujube excessive to increment is hung,
After bearing fruit for the first time and for the second time, optionally by its too long partial enucleation, it is ensured that jujube hangs stalwartness, produces high-quality date fruit；It removes
Be it is unreasonable to inserted part, without growing space or overstocked branch of growing thickly, erased or removed in time, reduce excessive nutrition
Effective consumption；By branch be it is unreasonable to inserted part and direction, growing space is insufficient, but there are scarce branch or larger space in its periphery
Branch rationally makes up scarce branch space by taking branch to change its direction of growth；Turning round branch is, nutrition life less reasonable to inserted part
Long excessively vigorous current year pumping shoot changes its vertical growth state by the method for turning round branch, and control weakens its vigorous growth
State, achieve the purpose that rationally to utilize.
The step 4）Middle prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control concrete measure is to scrape jujube tree in overwintering preceding and early spring every year to stick up skin always, is destroyed
Pest and disease damage hibernacle reduces to set on pest and cause harm；Time 5 ° of Be lime sulfurs of spray in dormant period 1 week, spray 3 ° of Be before rudiment
Lime sulfur, to prevent and treat wintering pest evil；1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 3000 times of liquid are optionally sprayed, red spider, the small food of peach are eliminated
The pests such as heart worm；Fruit growth period sprays 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid 2, for the last time 1 month before fruit is mature, to prevent and treat jujube rust
Disease, jujube anthracnose.
The step 6）Gradually temperature-rising method is：2/5 cotton-wadded quilt of pull-up on daytime first stage, canopy temperature are maintained at 8~12 DEG C, when
Between maintain 3~5 days；2/3 cotton-wadded quilt of second stage pull-up, canopy temperature are maintained at 10~15 DEG C, and the time maintains 3~4 days；Phase III draws
4/5 cotton-wadded quilt is played, at 10~18 DEG C, the time maintains 3~5 days canopy temperature control system；Later cotton-wadded quilt whole pull-up, make indoor quickly liter
Temperature.
The step 3）Fertilization principle is spring high nitrogen, low-phosphorous, low potassium in fertilizing management, gradually decreases nitrogenous fertilizer application later
Amount, increases the sowing amount of phosphorus potash fertilizer, and the low nitrogenous fertilizer of the high potassium of Fertilizer In Autumn digs cave top dressing in tree disk surrounding, can not concentrate fertilising, more can not
It spreads fertilizer over the fields on surface layer.
The step 3）In soil management, according to the physiological property of jujube tree, to freezing greatly after fallen leaves of annual autumn and winter
Preceding and summer carries out secondary full Orchard Soil and ploughs deeply, ploughed depth is in 30cm or more to early July by the end of June.
The step 1）In while drawing branch, branch gradually bounces back 1/3~1/2, controls effective tree crown and is unlikely to excessive.
The implement sequence of the facility plastic greenhouse includes：
1）Practical unwrapping wire：Basis levelling, the ground auger perforating of level fixed point, 60 centimetres of depth, placing concrete, lower built-in fitting,
Built-in fitting specification 150mm*150mm*6mm steel plate, 12 spiral of ∮；
2）Weld anti-corrosion：Skeleton winds up 50mm coating steel pipe, 10 round steel of lower edge ∮, and lacing wire is welded, middle high 4.2m, the high 2m in side,
Weld bond brushing steel construction paint special, the good rear and built-in fitting firm welding of skeleton frame, pad brushing asphalt caulk anti-corrosion；Using
30mm*30mm*2.0mm zinc-plated square tube welds aerial ladder, weld bond brushing antirust paint, using the zinc-plated round tube of 40mm*2.0mm according to determining
High length processes column, column and built-in fitting firm welding, top and arch firm welding, brushing antirust paint in canopy；Welding is vertical
Ceiling portion overlaps aerial ladder after column；
3）Binding in wire：Steel wire lock tightening is used at interval of 25cm, canopy head inside is according to 2~3 0.6m* of digging under canopy body width
0.6m*1.5m deep foundation, 12 screw-thread steel of ∮ is bent U-shaped hook, with No. 16 flower basket bolt binding in wire of ∮；
4）Vent position is set；The zinc-plated card slot of 2.0mm is installed, card slot bottom is laid with iron net, to prevent flood packet,
The zinc-plated round tube of 20mm*2.0mm is as film roll bar, the switch sealing of 105 type jack film-coiling devices；
5）Overlay film：PO10 plastic films are covered,（The film translucency is excellent, and stretching resistance is strong,）Modeling circlip is fixed in card slot；
6）Cover cotton-wadded quilt：Cotton-wadded quilt uses upper and lower 400 grams of black certified products non-woven fabrics, and for intermediate 300 grams of certified products without glue surface, cotton-wadded quilt is included taut
Band stick overlaps, and cotton-wadded quilt roll bar uses bis- beam hangers of 50mm*5.5mm, and make-up welding rolls cotton using New-type cast steel shutter
Quilt.
Different spans is arranged according to plot actual size for the construction of the facility plastic greenhouse, more than 17 meters 3 rows of arrangement above
Column, levelling based on built-in fitting, round tube reinforcing bar, which combines, is made into skeleton, encircles 2.5 meters of spacing, steel wire lock tightening structure.
Embodiment 2
A kind of jujube tree facility cultivation method, includes the following steps：
1）Tree structure wavelet：It is fresh to big crown type free growing in open country jujube garden according to the tree-like requirement of the standard of jujube facility cultivation
The jujube tree that food species jujube tree trims not in place, tree-like still larger unsuitable facility cultivation carries out tree structure wavelet, entirely reaches it
It is tree-like based on the happy type of dwarfing of construction facility cultivation, while drawing branch is carried out to skeleton major branch, its spreading angle is reached 65 degree
More than, major alterations method includes：
A. head is fallen：Height and distribution situation are formed according to jujube tree first layer major branch, in conjunction with the height of built facility plastic greenhouse, is retained
3 to 4 scaffold limbs carry out existing big tree disposably to fall head, remove high part, jujube tree total height be lower than facility canopy 80cm~
100cm；
B. sparse branching is promoted：It is promoted first to head tree is fallen, trunk control selects and remain 4 points in 80cm or more from top to down under branch
Cloth is uniform, the reasonable branch in orientation gives over to major branch, by branch overstocked in forming layer, sick branch, thin and delicate branch and the part 80cm or less
Branch all removes, in order to manage into garden；
C. branch retraction is drawn：It falls after the completion of head, promotion, the major branch of reservation is carried out to draw branch spreading angle, by spreading angle less than 65
For the branch of degree by drawing the method spreading angle of branch to 65 degree or more, the vigorous nutrient growth of control jujube tree promotes flourish,
Draw branch while, according between strain, in the ranks space size and branch spread length gradually bounced back, it is unlikely to control effective tree crown
In excessive and influence illumination, ventilation and management；
2）Trimming management：Trimming mainly the jujube head and jujube such as hangs and is carried out pinching based on Growing season, by taking branch, turning round branch, draw
The spreading angle of the upright branch of the methods of branch adjustment or large-scale branch group, the excessive vertical branch of back of erasing wipe out overstocked branch etc.；
A. spring trims：It is carried out before jujube tree germinates, mainly wipes out that the jujube that last year does not fall off is hung, lignifying jujube is hung, the branch that dries up,
Sick branch, thin and delicate branch, the overstocked branch of intersection etc. reduce nutrient effective consumption, promote jujube tree robust growth result；
B. summer pruning：It is surging according to jujube growth amount and growth, pinching is carried out to current year new pumping branch in time and is removed, and
By the growth angle and direction taken branch, turn round branch change branch, promotees its robust growth and rationally using space, rationally adjust nutrition
Distribution, utilize, in advance as a result, pinching management should be carried out continuously in the entire season of growth, remove, take branch, turn round branch in Growing season
Section carries out at any time；
3）Soil, fertilizer, water management:Jujube garden will get bumper crops, and forming and keep healthy and strong good tree body is key, therefore, in jujube tree difference
Growth and development period, demand according to each phase tree body to nutrient is different, and administrative purposes are different, targetedly carry out soil, fertilizer,
Water and tree body management, can save unnecessary expenses and obtain optimal economic benefit, reach effect of getting twice the result with half the effort；
A. soil management：Secondary full Orchard Soil is carried out every year to plough deeply；After spring, summer, each phase in autumn apply fertilizer every time, water, in time into
Row weeds with a hoe, and accomplishes often to keep garden soil loose, penetrating good；
B. fertilizing management：According to the growth needs in jujube tree each period, different fertilizer is applied, mainly with biological organic fertilizer and life
Based on object bacterial manure, autumn and winter in the ranks ditch it is deep applies fertilizer to the subsoil, furrow width 40cm, depth 60cm, apply it is abundant it is decomposed after organic farmyard manure
Or biological organic fertilizer；Spring, summer, Qiu Geji impose quick-acting chemical fertilizer or compound fertilizer；
C. watering management：It waters every two days after fertilising every time；In addition soil moisture content variation and jujube growth in garden should be observed at any time
Watering is replenished in time in situation as needed, to meet jujube growth, physiological requirements, it is ensured that the normal robust growth of jujube tree；
4）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Main diseases and insect pests in facility are jujube rust, jujube anthracnose, red spider, small heart-eating peach worm etc., prevention and treatment
Organic harmless boilogical pesticide is mainly used, bio-control method is gradually carried out, takes physical control, biological control and drug anti-
Control the method combined；
5）Build facility plastic greenhouse：Greenhouse is north and south arcuately greenhouse, using all steel frame structure welding；
6）Final-period management：
A. warm, wet, light regulation：Greenhouse temperature is adjusted by lid cotton-wadded quilt and opening and closing ventilation opening is taken off, and detains 30 days tree disks before canopy
Overlay film makes to detain 2~3 DEG C of ground temperature early period raising after canopy, detain after canopy 30 days, lid cotton-wadded quilt, creates low temperature environment, break jujube tree round the clock
Suspend mode is started to warm up to late January, and temperature can not go up too fastly, takes the method gradually to heat up, and temperature control is 15 before rudiment
~18 DEG C, 7~8 DEG C of night；Temperature control is at 17~22 DEG C, 10~13 DEG C of night after rudiment；Leaf stretching period temperature of branching out control
At 18~25 DEG C, 10~15 DEG C of night；20~26 DEG C of flowering stage, 12~16 DEG C of night；22~30 DEG C of full-bloom stage, night 15~18
℃；25~30 DEG C of fruit development period, film is gradually opened later, and jujube tree is made to adapt to external environment；Relative air humidity is wanted before spending
Control is 75%~85%, and the florescence is maintained at 50%~60%, other growing stages are controlled 60%, unless damage caused by a drought is heavier, generally not
It carries out ground to pour water, when such as need to really pour water, water will pour into the morning after pre-temperature；
B. it detains canopy and takes off canopy：By one section of natural dormancy, by the end of December at the beginning of 1 month, using sufficient base fertilizer, 50 kilograms of strain organic fertilizer, and
It is filled with enough water, tree disk covers mulch, can detain canopy film；Mid-September leaked informaton 10 days round the clock after having adopted, then takes off into picking time
Film；It is still to reinforce the soil fertilizer and water management and trimming to winter jujube after taking off canopy, increases trunk infusion, cultivate tree-like；
C. first is opened in due course：At jujube tree full blossom initial stage, in trunk away from girding is carried out at the 18cm~22cm of ground, width is in 0.2cm
~0.5cm dries in the air 3 days after opening first, is then wrapped up with plastic cloth；Stringent fruit thinning is such as beared fruit excessive, and tree vigo(u)r is easily weak, stays fruit amount
It should be determined according to the age of tree, tree vigo(u)r and fruitful branch power, the general strong each jujube of tree, which is hung, stays 2 young fruits, and weak tree stays 1 young fruit,
Remaining fruit all removes, and when fruit thinning, to select and remain poppyhead fruit as far as possible, hang to lignifying jujube and fruit amount is stayed to increase accordingly, and is produced with improving
Amount.
The step 1）Middle jujube tree trunk height control is between 1.3 meters~1.8 meters.
The step 2）Middle pinching is current year pumping shoot reasonable to inserted part, that space is sufficient, when increment reaches
Pinching control is carried out when 35cm~40cm, is promoted its robust growth, is quickly formed fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the jujube excessive to increment is hung,
After bearing fruit for the first time and for the second time, optionally by its too long partial enucleation, it is ensured that jujube hangs stalwartness, produces high-quality date fruit；It removes
Be it is unreasonable to inserted part, without growing space or overstocked branch of growing thickly, erased or removed in time, reduce excessive nutrition
Effective consumption；By branch be it is unreasonable to inserted part and direction, growing space is insufficient, but there are scarce branch or larger space in its periphery
Branch rationally makes up scarce branch space by taking branch to change its direction of growth；Turning round branch is, nutrition life less reasonable to inserted part
Long excessively vigorous current year pumping shoot changes its vertical growth state by the method for turning round branch, and control weakens its vigorous growth
State, achieve the purpose that rationally to utilize.
The step 4）Middle prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control concrete measure is to scrape jujube tree in overwintering preceding and early spring every year to stick up skin always, is destroyed
Pest and disease damage hibernacle reduces to set on pest and cause harm；Time 5 ° of Be lime sulfurs of spray in dormant period 1 week, spray 3 ° of Be before rudiment
Lime sulfur, to prevent and treat wintering pest evil；1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 4000 times of liquid are optionally sprayed, red spider, the small food of peach are eliminated
The pests such as heart worm；Fruit growth period sprays 1000 times of 70% thiophanate methyl liquid 2 times, for the last time 1 month before fruit is mature, to prevent
Control jujube rust, jujube anthracnose.
The step 6）Gradually temperature-rising method is：2/5 cotton-wadded quilt of pull-up on daytime first stage, canopy temperature are maintained at 8~12 DEG C, when
Between maintain 3~5 days；2/3 cotton-wadded quilt of second stage pull-up, canopy temperature are maintained at 10~15 DEG C, and the time maintains 3~4 days；Phase III draws
4/5 cotton-wadded quilt is played, at 10~18 DEG C, the time maintains 3~5 days canopy temperature control system；Later cotton-wadded quilt whole pull-up, make indoor quickly liter
Temperature.
The step 3）Fertilization principle is spring high nitrogen, low-phosphorous, low potassium in fertilizing management, gradually decreases nitrogenous fertilizer application later
Amount, increases the sowing amount of phosphorus potash fertilizer, and the low nitrogenous fertilizer of the high potassium of Fertilizer In Autumn digs cave top dressing in tree disk surrounding, can not concentrate fertilising, more can not
It spreads fertilizer over the fields on surface layer.
The step 3）In soil management, according to the physiological property of jujube tree, to freezing greatly after fallen leaves of annual autumn and winter
Preceding and summer carries out secondary full Orchard Soil and ploughs deeply, ploughed depth is in 30cm or more to early July by the end of June.
In the step 1 while drawing branch, branch gradually bounces back 1/3~1/2, controls effective tree crown and is unlikely to excessive.
A kind of jujube tree facility plastic greenhouse building method, the implement sequence of the facility plastic greenhouse include：
1）Practical unwrapping wire：Basis levelling, the ground auger perforating of level fixed point, 60 centimetres of depth, placing concrete, lower built-in fitting,
Built-in fitting specification 150mm*150mm*6mm steel plate, 12 spiral of ∮；
2）Weld anti-corrosion：Skeleton winds up 50mm coating steel pipe, 10 round steel of lower edge ∮, and lacing wire is welded, middle high 4.2m, the high 2m in side,
Weld bond brushing steel construction paint special, the good rear and built-in fitting firm welding of skeleton frame, pad brushing asphalt caulk anti-corrosion；Using
30mm*30mm*2.0mm zinc-plated square tube welds aerial ladder, weld bond brushing antirust paint, using the zinc-plated round tube of 40mm*2.0mm according to determining
High length processes column, column and built-in fitting firm welding, top and arch firm welding, brushing antirust paint in canopy；Welding is vertical
Ceiling portion overlaps aerial ladder after column；
3）Binding in wire：Steel wire lock tightening is used at interval of 25cm, canopy head inside is according to 2~3 0.6m* of digging under canopy body width
0.6m*1.5m deep foundation, 12 screw-thread steel of ∮ is bent U-shaped hook, with No. 16 flower basket bolt binding in wire of ∮；
4）Vent position is set；The zinc-plated card slot of 2.0mm is installed, card slot bottom is laid with iron net, to prevent flood packet,
The zinc-plated round tube of 20mm*2.0mm is as film roll bar, the switch sealing of 105 type jack film-coiling devices；
5）Overlay film：PO10 plastic films are covered,（The film translucency is excellent, and stretching resistance is strong,）Modeling circlip is fixed in card slot；
6）Cover cotton-wadded quilt：Cotton-wadded quilt uses upper and lower 400 grams of black certified products non-woven fabrics, and for intermediate 300 grams of certified products without glue surface, cotton-wadded quilt is included taut
Band stick overlaps, and cotton-wadded quilt roll bar uses bis- beam hangers of 50mm*5.5mm, and make-up welding rolls cotton using New-type cast steel shutter
Quilt.
Different spans is arranged according to plot actual size for the construction of the facility plastic greenhouse, more than 17 meters 3 rows of arrangement above
Column, levelling based on built-in fitting, round tube reinforcing bar, which combines, is made into skeleton, encircles 2.5 meters of spacing, steel wire lock tightening structure.
Above embodiment is merely exemplary to illustrate the principle of the present invention and its effect, and is not intended to limit the present invention.For
Person skilled in the art all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, modifies above-described embodiment or is improved.Cause
This, institute is complete without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention by tool usually intellectual in all act technical fields
At all equivalent modifications or change, should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of jujube tree facility cultivation method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1）Tree structure wavelet：
A. head is fallen：Jujube tree is carried out disposably to fall head, retains 3 to 4 scaffold limbs, jujube tree total height lower than facility canopy 80cm~
100cm；
B. sparse branching is promoted：Major branch control all dredges sick branch in forming layer and the branch of the part 80cm or less in 80cm or more
It removes；
C. branch retraction is drawn：Branch by spreading angle less than 65 degree is by drawing the method spreading angle of branch to 65 degree or more；
2）Trimming management：
A. spring trims：It is carried out before jujube tree germinates, wipes out that the jujube that last year does not fall off is hung, lignifying jujube is hung, dry up branch and disease pest
Branch；
B. summer pruning：Pinching is carried out to current year new pumping branch and is removed, and the growth angle by taking branch, turning round branch change branch
Degree and direction；
3）Soil, fertilizer, water management：
A. soil management：Secondary full Orchard Soil is carried out every year to plough deeply, and after spring, summer, each phase in autumn apply fertilizer every time, water, carries out pine
Earth removal grass；
B. fertilizing management：Autumn and winter, which in the ranks ditches, applies organic farmyard manure or biological organic fertilizer, spring, summer, Qiu Geji impose speed
Imitate chemical fertilizer or compound fertilizer；
C. watering management：It waters every two days after fertilising every time；
4）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Prevention and treatment uses organic harmless boilogical pesticide, takes physical control, biological control and medical treatment phase
In conjunction with method；
5）Build facility plastic greenhouse：Greenhouse is north and south arcuately greenhouse, using all steel frame structure welding；
6）Final-period management：
A. warm, wet, light regulation：20 days~30 days tree disk overlay films before button canopy, start to warm up after detaining canopy, take gradually for 20 days~30 days
The method of heating, temperature control is at 15~18 DEG C, 7~8 DEG C of night before rudiment；Temperature control is at 17~22 DEG C after rudiment, night
Between 10~13 DEG C；Leaf stretching period temperature of branching out is controlled at 18~25 DEG C, 10~15 DEG C of night；20~26 DEG C of flowering stage, night 12~
16℃；22~30 DEG C of full-bloom stage, 15~18 DEG C of night；25~30 DEG C of fruit development period；Control is 75% before relative air humidity is spent
~85%, the florescence is maintained at 50%~60%；
B. it detains canopy and takes off canopy：By the end of December at the beginning of 1 month, base fertilizer is applied, and pour water, tree disk covers mulch, can detain canopy film；In September
The middle ten days leaks informaton 8 days~12 days round the clock after having harvested fruit, then takes off film；
C. first is opened in due course：At jujube tree full blossom initial stage, in trunk away from girding is carried out at the 18cm~22cm of ground, width is in 0.2cm
~0.5cm dries in the air 2 days~3 days after opening first, then wraps up, later fruit thinning, and each jujube, which is hung, stays 1~2 young fruit.
2. a kind of jujube tree facility cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1）Middle jujube tree trunk
Height control is between 1.3 meters~1.8 meters.
3. a kind of jujube tree facility cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 2）Middle pinching is to work as
Pumping New shoot growth amount carries out pinching when reaching 35cm~40cm；Remove be erased to the branch of growing thickly of not growing space or
Person removes；Change shoot growth direction by branch；Turn round the state that branch changes branch vertical growth.
4. a kind of jujube tree facility cultivation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the step 4）Middle pest and disease damage is anti-
Fixture body measure is to scrape jujube tree in overwintering preceding and early spring every year to stick up skin always；Time 5 ° of Be lime sulfurs of spray in dormant period 1 week, rudiment
Time 3 ° of Be lime sulfurs of preceding spray, spray 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 3000~4000 times of liquid, and fruit growth period sprays 50% carbendazim
1000 times of liquid or 800~1000 times of 70% thiophanate methyl liquid 2~3 times spray for 1 month before fruit maturation for the last time.
5. a kind of jujube tree facility cultivation method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the step 6）In gradually heat up
Method is：2/5 cotton-wadded quilt of pull-up on daytime first stage, canopy temperature are maintained at 8~12 DEG C, and the time maintains 3~5 days；Second stage pull-up
2/3 cotton-wadded quilt, canopy temperature are maintained at 10~15 DEG C, and the time maintains 3~4 days；4/5 cotton-wadded quilt of phase III pull-up, canopy temperature control system 10~
18 DEG C, the time maintains 3~5 days；Later cotton-wadded quilt whole pull-up.
6. a kind of jujube tree facility cultivation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the step 3）In fertilizing management
Fertilization principle is spring high nitrogen, low-phosphorous, low potassium, gradually decreases nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount later, increases the sowing amount of phosphorus potash fertilizer, Fertilizer In Autumn
The low nitrogenous fertilizer of high potassium digs cave top dressing in tree disk surrounding.
7. a kind of jujube tree facility cultivation method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the step 3）In soil management
Full Orchard Soil for the first time is carried out to before freezing greatly after fallen leaves of annual autumn and winter to plough deeply, summer carries out the to early July by the end of June
Secondary full Orchard Soil is ploughed deeply, and ploughed depth is in 30cm or more.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112243758A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-01-22 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Integrated shed frame rain-sheltering cultivation facility for fresh edible jujube and cultivation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102919028A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-02-13 | 四川农业大学 | Cultivation method for helping Zhanshan dates to bud early and ripe in advance |
| CN105993783A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-10-12 | 泾阳佳沃农业有限公司 | Winter jujube planting method |
| CN107896798A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-04-13 | 贺州佳成技术转移服务有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of winter jujube |
| CN107980452A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-04 | 凌工二号（大连）科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of jujube tree |
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2018
- 2018-07-16 CN CN201810775914.3A patent/CN108834625A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102919028A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-02-13 | 四川农业大学 | Cultivation method for helping Zhanshan dates to bud early and ripe in advance |
| CN105993783A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-10-12 | 泾阳佳沃农业有限公司 | Winter jujube planting method |
| CN107980452A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-04 | 凌工二号（大连）科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of jujube tree |
| CN107896798A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-04-13 | 贺州佳成技术转移服务有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of winter jujube |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112243758A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-01-22 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Integrated shed frame rain-sheltering cultivation facility for fresh edible jujube and cultivation method thereof |
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