CN108778730A - 易碎的外壳微胶囊、其制备方法和其使用方法 - Google Patents
易碎的外壳微胶囊、其制备方法和其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108778730A CN108778730A CN201780017219.4A CN201780017219A CN108778730A CN 108778730 A CN108778730 A CN 108778730A CN 201780017219 A CN201780017219 A CN 201780017219A CN 108778730 A CN108778730 A CN 108778730A
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- microcapsules
- acid
- methyl
- ester
- monomer
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Abstract
本申请描述了一种微胶囊,其包含:(i)亲脂性芯材,和(ii)微胶囊外壳,其中所述微胶囊外壳由单体混合物的水包油乳液聚合形成,所述单体混合物基本上由以下物质组成:(a)以重量计大于70%至约99%的至少一种多官能烯键式不饱和单体,(b)以重量计约1%至约30%的至少一种不饱和羧酸单体或其酯,以及(c)以重量计约0%至约30%的至少一种乙烯基单体。还提供了制备所述微胶囊的方法及所述微胶囊在各种应用中的使用方法。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及微胶囊,具体地涉及具有对亲脂性芯材(core material)的改善的保留和释放的易碎和高度交联的微胶囊。本申请还涉及制备所述微胶囊的方法和其在本文所述的各种工业中的应用。
背景技术
微胶囊的一般设计是提供:(a)对微胶囊中包埋的(entrapped)活性物的保护和稳定;(b)控制包埋的活性物的释放率;(c)用于向目标递送活性物的递送基质;(d)改善活性物在特定表面或基底上亲和性(substantivity)的手段。
迄今为止可用的常规封装方法通常可以分类为物理机械封装方法或化学封装方法。常规化学封装方法包括物理化学方法,诸如凝聚、界面聚合法、原位法等。
在物理机械封装方法诸如喷雾干燥的情况下,通常通过控制进行所涉及的工艺的物理条件来实现粒度控制。形成的微胶囊颗粒具有被外部聚合物外壳包围的内部芯材,其中所述芯部含有亲脂性/疏水性化合物。可以通过改变壁的组成和/或壁的交联度来控制芯材的释放速率和芯材通过胶囊壁的扩散。而且,壁的交联度直接影响微胶囊壁的强度和性质。此外,如果材料被封装,那么其使用寿命可以显著延长。而且,如果材料是有毒的并且因此难以处理,那么对材料的封装就可以减少急性暴露的威胁,并且允许更容易处理。
转让给Japan Synthetic Rubber公司的第4,798,691号美国专利描述了通过聚合具有烯键式不饱和基团的单体的共混物形成微胶囊。所述单体共混物包含可交联单体、亲水单体,以及能够与所述可交联单体和亲水单体共聚合的另一种单体。
转让给BASF公司的第5,292,835号美国专利公开了通过原位聚合制备的微胶囊的组合物、方法和用途。具体公开了聚合(A)以重量计30-100%的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的一种或多种C1-C24烷基酯(单体I)和(B)以重量计0-70%双官能或多官能单体(单体II)的单体混合物。具体举例说明了丙烯酸酯单体如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸和丁二醇二丙烯酸酯一起与自由基引发剂的聚合反应。
Ciba公司的美国专利申请第2007224899号公开了在基本上不能渗透的聚合物外壳内包含芯材的微胶囊,其中所述芯材包含疏水物质,并且所述聚合物外壳包含:(A)以重量计5-90%的烯键式不饱和水溶性单体,(B)以重量计5-90%的多官能单体,以及(C)以重量计0-55%的其它单体,并且其中所述聚合物外壳的量和A、B与C的比例使得颗粒表现出至少350℃的半高(half height)。所述烯键式不饱和水溶性单体在25℃下的水溶解度为至少5gm/100cc。所述微胶囊被结合至纺织材料中。
Appleton Papers公司的美国专利申请第2009274906、20090274905和20090274905号描述了微囊化的多步骤方法、通过各种工艺生产的微胶囊和颗粒。这些专利申请公开了主要由>95%的多官能低聚物制备的低渗透性微胶囊。所述工艺涉及在油介质中进行预聚物形成,以形成第一反应产物。然后将此第一反应产物用于实际的封装工艺中。根据所述工艺,微胶囊外壳形成涉及第一反应产物与阴离子乳化剂在油/水界面处的相互作用。
封装技术中的其它方法的目的为控制或定制活性物从基底的释放。这些微胶囊经调适以在摩擦下破裂,并在微胶囊破裂时提供芳香剂的瞬间“爆发”。有许多专利涉及从洗涤剂产品中递送芳香剂微胶囊,所述洗涤剂产品为诸如织物柔顺剂、洗去型产品和洗发剂。在大多数情况下,这些微胶囊基于三聚氰胺甲醛化学品。
美国专利第4,145,184号描述了一种洗涤剂组合物,所述洗涤剂组合物含有水不溶性易碎微胶囊形式的香料,并在洗涤过程中变成包埋在织物中或织物上,并在干爽织物的操作过程中释放香料。其进一步描述了一种衣物洗涤剂组合物,所述衣物洗涤剂组合物包含:(a)2%至95%的表面活性剂,所述表面活性剂选自由阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂、兼性离子表面活性剂和其混合物组成的组;以及(b)有效量的芳香剂,所述芳香剂包含封装在平均粒径为约5至约300微米的水不溶性易碎微胶囊中的香料。用于微胶囊外壳壁的优选材料是氨基塑料聚合物,其包含尿素与甲醛的反应产物。
美国专利第8,034,887号描述了一种制备微胶囊的方法,所述微胶囊包含亲脂性芯部和胶囊壁,所述胶囊壁是通过自由基聚合从以下物质合成的:基于单体的总重量,以重量计30%至100%的一种或多种单体,所述一种或多种单体选自由丙烯酸的C1-C24烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸的C1-C24烷基酯、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和马来酸组成的组;基于单体的总重量,以重量计0%至70%的一种或多种双官能或多官能单体,所述双官能或多官能单体微溶或不溶于水;以及基于单体的总重量,以重量计0%至40%的一种或多种其它单体。
美国专利申请第20150203787号描述了一种水凝胶胶囊,所述水凝胶胶囊包含封装在至少一种聚合的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸或其酯中的芳香剂或香味剂,其中所述水凝胶胶囊的平均直径在1至100μm的范围内,并且所述芳香剂或香味剂在丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸或其酯的聚合过程中被封装在所述水凝胶胶囊中。
美国专利申请第20130302392号描述了一种水凝胶微胶囊,具体地是具有改善的亲和性的阳离子化水凝胶微胶囊。更具体地,该专利申请涉及亲和性的阳离子化水凝胶微胶囊,所述水凝胶微胶囊包含亲脂性芯材和聚合物外壳材料,其中所述聚合物外壳包含:a)以重量计5-99.9%的油溶性单官能烯键式不饱和胺单体,b)以重量计0.1-95%的多官能烯键式不饱和单体,以及c)以重量计至多30%的其它单体。
鉴于上述,显然在各种应用中仍保留有对包埋在易碎微胶囊中的亲脂性和功能性芯材具有改善的保留和释放的易碎微胶囊的需求。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的是制备对包埋或封装在微胶囊中的亲脂性芯材具有改善的保留和释放的易碎和高度交联的微胶囊。更具体地,本申请涉及包含亲脂性芯材和微胶囊外壳的微胶囊,其中所述微胶囊外壳由单体混合物的水包油乳液聚合形成,所述单体混合物基本上由以下物质组成:(a)以重量计大于70%至约99%的至少一种多官能烯键式不饱和单体,(b)以重量计约1%至约30%的至少一种不饱和羧酸单体或其酯,以及(c)以重量计约0%至约30%的至少一种乙烯基单体。
本申请的另一目的是提供一种制备微胶囊的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:(A)制备油相,所述油相包含:(i)单体混合物,所述单体混合物基本上由以下物质组成:(a)以重量计大于70%至约99%的至少一种多官能烯键式不饱和单体,(b)以重量计约1%至约30%的至少一种不饱和羧酸单体或其酯,以及(c)以重量计约0%至约30%的至少一种乙烯基单体;和(ii)至少一种亲脂性芯材;(B)制备单独水相,所述单独水相包含至少一种聚合物乳液稳定剂和水;(C)在机械剪切下将步骤(A)的油相添加至步骤(B)的水相中以形成水包油乳液;以及(D)使用至少一种引发剂通过自由基聚合来聚合步骤(C)的水包油乳液,以产生包含包埋的亲脂性芯材和聚合物外壳的芯-壳微胶囊,其中所述芯-壳微胶囊悬浮在水中。
本申请的另一目的是提供上述微胶囊在各种应用和工业中用于递送封装或包埋的功能活性物至不同的基材表面如皮肤、毛发、纺织品上的用途。实例可包括但不限于:芳香剂、农用化学品、药物、化妆品、个人护理品、衣物洗涤剂、家庭护理和清洁产品、餐具洗涤剂、口腔护理、牙科护理品、纺织品、纸、采矿、石油工业、水处理、粘合剂、涂料、塑料、密封剂、建筑、油漆、油墨和染料。本文所描述的微胶囊可有利地用于赋予活性物在基材上的持久递送。
具体实施方式
尽管本说明书以特别指出并明确要求保护被视作本发明内容的权利要求书结束,但是可以预期通过阅读本发明的以下详细描述和对所包括的实施例的研究,可以更容易地理解本发明。
除非上下文明确指出另外指明或通过进行引用的上下文明确暗示相反,否则单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”包括复数形式。
在此使用的术语“包括”、“包含”和“含有”意谓为非限制性的,并且应分别理解为表示“包括”、“包含”和“含有”。
除非另有说明,否则本文所用的所有百分比、份数、比例和比率均以总组合物的重量计。除非另有说明,否则所有与所列成分有关的此类重量均基于活性物含量,因此不包括可包含在市售材料中的溶剂或副产物。
除非另有说明或通过进行引用的上下文明确暗示相反,否则对本发明的单数特征或限定的所有引用均应包括相应的复数特征或限定,反之亦然。
术语“包含”是指可以使用任选的相容组分,前提条件是重要成分以合适的形式和浓度存在。术语“包含”因此涵盖并包括更多限制性术语“由......组成”和“基本上由......组成”,所述术语可用于表征必要成分,诸如亲脂性芯材、外壳材料、多官能烯键式不饱和单体、不饱和羧酸、稳定剂和/或引发剂。
术语“多官能烯键式不饱和单体”是指含有两个或更多个可聚合的烯键式不饱和基团的单体。其中高百分比的至少一种多官能烯键式不饱和单体导致微胶囊外壳的高度交联的聚合物结构。这种高度交联使聚合物外壳本质上易碎。
术语“室温”是指约15℃至约30℃的温度。
术语“微胶囊化”、“微囊化”、“微型胶囊化”、“胶囊化”和“囊化”在本专利申请中同义使用。这些术语相同并可互换使用。
术语“微胶囊”、“微囊”,“微型胶囊”、“胶囊”和“胶囊剂”在本专利申请中同义使用。这些术语相同并可互换使用。
除非上下文另有明确规定,否则本文中对本申请的“一个实施方案”或“一个方面”或“一个版本”或“一个目的”的引用包括一个或多个此类实施方案、方面、版本或目的。
本申请描述了对亲脂性芯材具有改善的保留和释放的易碎且高度交联的微胶囊。本申请的微胶囊由亲脂性芯材和微胶囊外壳组成,其中所述微胶囊外壳由单体混合物的水包油乳液聚合形成,所述单体混合物基本上由以下物质组成:(a)以重量计大于70%至约99%的至少一种多官能烯键式不饱和单体,(b)以重量计约1%至约30%的至少一种不饱和羧酸单体或其酯,以及(c)以重量计约0%至约30%的至少一种乙烯基单体。
根据某些方面,微胶囊外壳组合物包含至少一种多官能烯键式不饱和单体(a),其量以聚合物外壳的重量计大于80%至99%。
所述多官能烯键式不饱和单体(a)选自由以下物质组成的组:二(甲基)丙烯酸乙二醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸二(乙二醇)酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸三甘醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸丙二醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸1,4-丁二醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸1,6-己二醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸甘油酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸1,3-丁二醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸新戊二醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸1,10-癸二醇酯、三(甲基)丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、四(甲基)丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、六(甲基)丙烯酸二季戊四醇酯、三(甲基)丙烯酸三烯丙基缩甲醛酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸三丁二醇酯、PEG200二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、PEG 400二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、PEG 600二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、单丙烯酸3-丙烯酰氧基二醇酯、三丙烯酰基缩甲醛、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯以及它们的组合。
根据某些方面,微胶囊外壳组合物包含不饱和羧酸单体或其酯(b),其量以聚合物外壳的重量计约10%至30%。不饱和羧酸单体或其酯的其它非限制性范围可占以聚合物外壳的重量计的约15-20wt.%、或约20-25wt.%、或约25-30wt.%。
所述不饱和羧酸单体或其酯(b)包括但不限于丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸、马来酸酐、富马酸、衣康酸、丙烯酸2-羧基乙酯、丙烯酸的C1-C24烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸的C1-C24烷基酯以及它们的组合。
根据本申请的一个实施方案,乙烯基单体(c)的非限制性范围可占以聚合物外壳的重量计约1-5wt.%、或约5-10wt.%、或约10-15wt.%、或约15-20wt.%、或约20-25wt.%、或约25-30wt.%。
根据本申请的一个实施方案,所述微胶囊外壳组合物包含乙烯基单体(c),其选自包括但不限于以下物质的组:N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基己内酰胺、吡咯烷酮甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙基酯、辛基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酰氧基乙基三甲基氯化铵、甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸烷基酯以及它们的组合。乙烯基单体的非限制性范围可占以聚合物外壳的重量计约1-5wt.%、或约5-10wt.%、或约10-15wt.%、或约15-20wt.%、或约20-25wt.%、或约25-30wt.%。
本申请的微胶囊包含以所述微胶囊的重量计量为1-50%或5-20%的聚合物外壳材料。所述微胶囊中的芯材的量为以所述微胶囊的重量计的50-99%;或者80-95%。
根据本申请的另一实施方案,所述微胶囊含有一种或多种亲脂性芯材。所述亲脂性芯材的实例可包括但不限于芳香剂、紫外线吸收剂、润肤油、杀昆虫剂、染料、洗涤剂、印刷油墨、香料、硅氧烷调理剂、头发处理/洗发剂材料、杀生物剂、粘合剂、腐蚀抑制剂、防污剂、香精、化妆品和个人护理活性物、氧化剂、药剂、农用化学品/农药、脂质/脂肪、食品添加剂、液晶、涂布材料、催化剂、防腐剂和/或抗菌剂、亲脂性阻垢剂、化学反应物、防锈剂、记录材料和磁性物质或它们的组合,所述亲脂性芯材可直接使用或者溶解或分散在油性物质中。
适合使用的芳香剂(fragrances)包括但不限于能够根据本申请封装的香料(perfumes)、香精(flavors)、精油、感觉剂(sensate)和植物提取物或它们的混合物的任何组合。合适的芳香剂的列表可以在美国专利第4,534,891、5112688、5145842、6194375号;20110020416以及PCT申请WO2009153695和WO2010/044834,以及1959年由W.A.Poucher编辑的第二版Perfumes Cosmetics and Soaps中找到。每个前述文献的全部内容以引用方式并入本文。
紫外线吸收剂是化学和物理防晒剂/紫外线过滤剂,例如3-亚苄基樟脑、4-甲基亚苄基樟脑、4-氨基苯甲酸(PABA)、阿伏苯宗、二苯甲酮4(舒利苯酮)、二苯甲酮5、二苯甲酮8、二苯甲酮-3、亚苄基樟脑磺酸、双-乙基己氧苯酚甲氧苯基三嗪(Escalol S)、丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰甲烷、樟脑苯扎铵甲基硫酸盐、西诺沙酯、二乙氨基羟苯甲酰基苯甲酸己酯、二羟苯宗、苯基二苯并咪唑四磺酸二钠、甲酚曲唑三硅氧烷、恩索利唑、二甲基氨基苯甲酸乙基己酯、甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己酯、水杨酸乙基己酯、乙基己基三嗪酮、胡莫柳酯、对甲氧基肉桂酸异戊酯、邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯(meradimate)、邻氨基苯甲酸薄荷酯、亚甲基双苯并***基四甲基丁基苯酚/比索曲挫(bisoctrizole)(Tinosorb M)、奥克立林(octocrylene)、甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯、PEG-25PABA、水杨酸辛酯、氧苯酮、对二甲氨基甲酸辛酯(padimate O)、苯基苯并咪唑磺酸、聚丙烯酰胺甲基亚苄基樟脑、聚硅氧烷-15、水杨酸TEA盐、对苯二亚甲基二樟脑磺酸、二氧化钛、三乙醇胺水杨酸盐、氧化锌或它们的组合。
本申请中使用的合适的润肤剂可包括但不限于油类,诸如橙油、薰衣草油、薄荷油、柠檬油、松树油、迷迭香油、玫瑰油、茉莉油、茶树油、柠檬草油、佛手柑油、罗勒油、留兰香油、杜松子油、丁香油、茴香子油、茴香油、柏木油、冷杉油、黑胡椒油、檀香油、雪松木油、花梨木油、小豆蔻油、桂皮油、芫荽油、桉叶油、天竺葵油、姜油、甘菊油、葡萄柚油、橙花油、橙叶油、百里香油、香根草油和依兰油。亲脂性芯材的非限制性列表包括:不同链长和粘度的直链或支链烃,诸如矿物油、矿物脂、白油(也称为石蜡油)、十二烷、异十二烷、角鲨烷、氢化聚异丁烯、聚丁烯、聚癸烯、二十二烷、十六烷、异十六烷和其它异链烷烃。具有直链、支链和芳基羧酸的天然或合成来源的羧酸或二羧酸的醇酯、二醇酯、三醇酯或多元醇酯包括癸二酸二异丙酯、己二酸二异丙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、丙酸肉豆蔻酯、乳酸十六烷基酯、乳酸肉豆蔻酯、乳酸月桂酯、乳酸C12-C15烷基酯、苹果酸二辛酯、油酸癸酯、油酸异癸酯、二硬脂酸乙二醇酯、棕榈酸乙基己酯(棕榈酸辛酯)、新戊酸异癸酯、新戊酸十三烷酯、马来酸蓖麻酯、新戊酸异硬脂酯、马来酸二-2-乙基己酯、棕榈酸十六烷基酯、肉豆蔻酸肉豆蔻酯、硬脂醇硬脂酸酯、硬脂酸十六烷基酯、硬脂酸异鲸蜡酯、马来酸二辛酯、硬脂酸辛基十二烷基酯、异鲸蜡醇硬脂酰硬脂酸酯、辛基十二烷基硬脂酰硬脂酸酯、癸二酸二辛酯、己二酸二异丙酯、辛酸十六酯、二月桂酸甘油酯、二亚油酸二异丙酯和辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯。天然存在的油类包括甘油三酯、甘油二酯、甘油单酯、长链蜡酯,以及这些物质的共混物。天然来源的酯基油和蜡的实例包括但不限于摩洛哥坚果油、玉米油、蓖麻油、椰子油、棉籽油、鲱鱼油、鳄梨油、蜂蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、可可脂、棕榈仁油、棕榈油、花生油、乳木果油、荷荷芭油、豆油、菜籽油、亚麻籽油、米糠油、松树油、芝麻油、葵花籽油和红花油。还有用的是这些材料的氢化、乙氧基化、丙氧基化和马来酸化衍生物,例如氢化红花油、氢化蓖麻油;胆固醇及其酯和衍生物,以及含有胆固醇衍生物的天然物质,诸如羊毛脂和羊毛脂油;磷脂(例如,卵磷脂)、鞘磷脂、神经酰胺和相关物质;聚丙二醇的C4-C20烷基醚、聚丙二醇的C1-C20羧酸酯和二-C8-C30烷基醚;PPG-14丁基醚、PPG-15硬脂基醚、二辛基醚(diodyl ether)、十二烷基辛基醚以及它们的混合物;饱和及不饱和脂肪酸,包括但不限于油酸、棕榈酸、异硬脂酸、硬脂酸、蓖麻油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸;糖(单糖、二糖和多糖)的羧酸单酯和聚酯和相关材料。
适合于在本申请中使用的杀昆虫剂包括但不限于,乙基对硝基苯基、杀扑磷、毒死蜱、伏杀硫磷、乐果、甲胺磷、甲氰菊酯、蔬果磷、苯氧威、乙基谷硫磷、甲基谷硫磷、间甲苯基甲基氨基甲酸酯、灭多威、灭杀威、除线威、敌百虫、高灭磷、双甲脒、2-(1-甲基乙基)苯基甲基氨基甲酸酯、残杀威、灭害威、涕灭威、氟虫腈、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、混杀威和二氧威。
适用于本申请的染料可包括但不限于油溶性染料,包括绿6(CI 61570)、红17(CI26100)、紫2(CI 60725)和黄11(CI 47000)。油分散性颜料的实例包括但不限于β-胡萝卜素(CI 40800)、氢氧化铬绿(CI 77289)、氧化铬绿(CI 77288)、亚铁氰化铁(CI 77510)、氧化铁(CI 77491、77492、77499)、颜料蓝15(CI 74160)、颜料绿7(CI 74260)、颜料红5(CI12490)、红30(CI 73360),二氧化钛(CI 77891)和群青(CI 77007)。油溶性药物活性物为诸如驱昆虫剂,例如N,N-二乙基-间甲苯酰胺、IR3535、埃卡瑞丁(icaridin)、派卡瑞丁(picaridin)、赛尔替丁(saltidin)、香茅、苄氯菊酯,印度楝树油和柠檬桉);以及用于皮肤、毛发和指甲的病症的皮肤病治疗的药物物质,所述药物物质包括但不限于局麻剂、抗真菌剂、抗细菌剂、抗病毒剂、去头皮屑剂、抗痤疮剂和抗炎剂(甾体和非甾体)。
洗涤剂组合物可以是液体洗涤剂组合物,诸如洗衣洗涤剂或(自动)洗碗洗涤剂。洗涤剂组合物的具体实例公开在WO 2015/166076 A1中,该专利据此以引用方式整体并入。
本文所述的印刷油墨材料可用于喷墨打印、柔版印刷、喷涂、喷墨印刷、正向或逆向辊涂、直接正向凹版涂布、丝网印刷、手工模版印花、佩罗廷木版印花、雕刻凹铜版印刷、辊筒印花、滚筒印花、机器印花、镂空版印刷或数码织物印花等。印刷油墨材料的实例可以在美国专利8,808,815;美国专利7,741,384和WO 2014/160604 A1中找到,所述专利的全部内容以引用方式并入本文。
香料和感觉剂组分包括但不限于芳樟醇、香豆素、香叶醇、柠檬醛、柠檬烯、香茅醇、丁子香酚、肉桂醛、肉桂醇、水杨酸苄酯、薄荷醇、乳酸薄荷酯、桉叶油素、百里香酚、水杨酸甲酯、甲基呋喃、薄荷酮和肉桂醛。
适用于本申请的硅氧烷调理剂包括但不限于聚烷基硅氧烷、聚二烷基硅氧烷、聚二芳基硅氧烷和聚烷芳基硅氧烷。聚二烷基硅氧烷可以是聚二甲基硅氧烷,其通常称为二甲聚硅氧烷。其它实例可包括但不限于环状硅氧烷(例如环戊硅氧烷)、二甲聚硅氧烷醇(dimethiconole)、烷基聚甲基硅氧烷(alkyl methicone)、烷基聚二甲基硅氧烷、二甲聚硅氧烷共聚醇、氨基官能硅氧烷(例如,氨端聚二甲基硅氧烷(amodimethicone)、三甲基甲硅烷氧基氨端聚二甲基硅氧烷)和两性硅氧烷(例如,十六烷基PEG/PPG-15/15丁基醚聚二甲基硅氧烷,和双-PEG-18甲基醚二甲基硅烷)。
植物材料(诸如花和草药)的油性和油溶性提取物可包括多种材料。提取物的非限制性实例包括但不限于迷迭香、绿茶、白茶或红茶、兰花、葡萄籽、鼠尾草、大豆、紫锥花、山金车、玫瑰果、橄榄和朝鲜蓟。此外,植物提取的油溶性组分可用作亲脂性芯材,如番茄红素和其它混合类胡萝卜素、辣椒素、辣椒素类物质(capsaicinoids)、多酚(如迷迭香酸)、萜烯、萜类化合物和油树脂。
除了先前描述的那些之外,其它头发处理/洗发剂成分可包括包含叔氨和季氨基团的阳离子调理剂(例如,季铵-70、季铵-80、硬脂酰胺丙基二甲胺、山嵛基三甲基硫酸甲酯铵(behentrimonium methosulfate)、二椰油基二甲基氯化铵、二鲸蜡基二甲基氯化铵、二硬脂基二甲基氯化铵、羟乙基鲸蜡基二甲基磷酸铵)。此外,还可包括紫外光保护剂和颜色保护剂(例如,二甲基PABA酰胺丙基月桂基二甲基铵甲苯磺酸盐)、热保护剂和定型聚合物(例如,乙烯基吡咯烷酮和乙烯基己内酰胺衍生物,诸如PVP乙烯基己内酰胺/DMAPA丙烯酸酯共聚物)。
用作亲脂性材料的合适的杀生物剂可包括但不限于异噻唑酮、苯并噻唑、拟除虫菊酯、新烟碱类(neonicotenoid)、卤代氨基甲酸酯、唑、氯腈(chloronitrile)、次氯酸盐漂白剂、过乙酸、溴氯二甲基乙内酰脲、二氯乙基甲基乙内酰脲、氯异氰脲酸酯、三氯异氰脲酸和二氯异氰脲酸和其盐、次氯酸钙、次氯酸锂、氯化乙内酰脲、次溴酸钠、溴化乙内酰脲、二氧化氯、过氧化物和过硫酸盐。
基于粘合剂的组合物也可以用作本申请的微胶囊中的亲脂性材料。所述组合物可包括但不限于嵌段共聚物、无定型聚烯烃、茂金属聚烯烃、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯-乙酸甲酯、乙烯-乙酸正丁酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮/乙酸乙烯酯、聚醚噁唑啉、水分散性共聚酯、水溶性聚酰胺、聚乙烯醇、聚环氧乙烷。所述组合物还可包括液体增粘树脂、液体聚合物、液体增塑剂以及它们的混合物。所述液体成分可以与其它粘合剂组合物一起以封装形式存在。
亲脂性腐蚀抑制剂选自由以下物质组成的组:羧酸和其衍生物如脂族脂肪酸衍生物、咪唑啉和其衍生物。此外,抑制剂为诸如酰胺、季铵盐、松香衍生物、胺、吡啶化合物、三硫酮化合物(trithione)、杂环硫化合物、喹啉化合物、或这些物质中任一者的盐、季铵盐或聚合物,以及它们的混合物。例如,合适的抑制剂包括伯、仲和叔单胺,二胺,酰胺,聚乙氧基化胺,这些物质的盐,和两性化合物。其它实例还包括具有直链和支链烷基链两者的咪唑啉,磷酸酯,以及含硫化合物。
防污剂可以是三丁基氯化锡或三丁基氟化锡。
封装作为亲脂性材料的合适香精可以是源自诸如植物和水果等天然资源的精油,天然资源的实例可包括但不限于柑橘油、水果香精(fruit essences)、椒样薄荷油、留兰香油、其它薄荷油、丁香油、冬青油和茴香油。也可使用人造或合成增香剂(flavoring agent)和组分。天然和人造增香剂可以任何感官上可接受的方式组合。
用于皮肤、毛发或指甲的调理或美容处理的化妆品和个人护理活性物可在2005年9月23日公布的IP.com出版物IPCOM000128968D和2006年2月13日公布的IP.com出版物IPCOM000133874D中找到,所述出版物的内容据此以引用方式并入。
氧化剂包括无机或有机过氧化物,诸如过氧化钙、过氧化镁和月桂基过氧化物。
用于封装的亲脂性药剂可包括但不限于镇咳药、抗组胺药、非镇静性抗组胺药、减充血剂、祛痰剂、粘液溶解剂、镇痛药、退热药、抗炎药、局部***以及它们的混合物。
术语农用化学品/农药是指选自由杀寄生虫剂、杀线虫剂、安全剂和/或生长调节剂组成的组的至少一种活性物。农药可以是杀真菌剂、杀昆虫剂、除草剂和生长调节剂。在一个非限制性实施方案中,农药可以是杀昆虫剂。也可以使用不同种类农药的混合物。农药可以在例如伦敦英国作物保护委员会(The British Crop Protection Council)第15版《农药手册(Pesticide Manual)》(2009年)中找到。合适的杀昆虫剂是来自以下类别的那些杀昆虫剂:氨基甲酸酯类、有机磷酸酯类、有机氯杀昆虫剂类、苯基吡唑类、拟除虫菊酯类、新烟碱类、斯皮诺素类(spinosins)、阿维菌素类、米尔贝霉素类、保幼激素类似物类、烷基卤化物类、有机锡化合物类、沙蚕毒素类似物类、苯甲酰基脲类、二酰基肼类、(线粒体电子传递抑制剂)-杀螨剂类、氯化苦、吡蚜酮、氟啶虫酰胺、四螨嗪(clofentezin)、噻螨酮、乙螨唑、杀螨隆、克螨特、四氯杀螨砜、克凡派(chlorofenapyr)、二硝基邻甲酚、噻嗪酮(buprofezine)、灭蝇胺、双甲脒、氟蚁腙、灭螨醌、嘧螨酯、鱼藤酮、或它们的衍生物。合适的杀真菌剂是来自以下类别的那些杀真菌剂:二硝基苯胺类、烯丙胺类、苯氨基嘧啶类、抗生素类、芳族烃类、苯磺酰胺类、苯并咪唑类、苯并异噻唑类、二苯甲酮类、苯并噻二唑类、苯并三嗪类、氨基甲酸苄酯类、氨基甲酸酯类、羧酰胺类、羧酰二酰胺类、氯腈类、氰基乙酰胺肟类、氰基咪唑类、环丙烷甲酰胺类、二甲酰亚胺类、二氢二噁嗪类、二硝基苯巴豆酸酯类、二硫代氨基甲酸酯类、二硫杂环戊烷类、乙基膦酸酯类、乙基氨基噻唑甲酰胺类、胍类、羟基-(2-氨基)嘧啶类、羟基苯胺类(hydroxyanilides)、咪唑类、咪唑啉酮类、无机物质类、异苯并呋喃酮类、甲氧基丙烯酸酯类、甲氧基氨基甲酸酯类、吗啉类、N-苯基氨基甲酸酯类、噁唑烷二酮类、肟基乙酸酯类、肟基乙酰胺类、肽基嘧啶核苷类、苯基乙酰胺类、苯基酰胺类、苯基吡咯类、苯基脲类、膦酸酯类、硫代磷酸酯类(phosphorothiolates)、邻氨甲酰苯甲酸类(phthalamic acids)、邻苯二甲酰亚胺类、哌嗪类、哌啶类、丙酰胺类、哒嗪酮类、吡啶类、吡啶基甲基苯甲酰胺类、嘧啶胺类、嘧啶类、嘧啶酮腙类、吡咯并喹啉酮类、喹唑啉酮类、喹啉类、醌类、磺酰胺类、氨磺酰***类、噻唑甲酰胺类、硫代氨基甲酸酯类、苯硫脲酯类、噻吩甲酰胺类、甲苯酰胺类、三苯基锡化合物、三嗪、***。合适的除草剂是来自以下类别的除草剂:乙酰胺类、酰胺类、芳氧苯氧丙酸酯类、苯甲酰胺类、苯并呋喃类、苯甲酸类、苯并噻二嗪酮类、联吡啶阳离子类、氨基甲酸酯类、氯乙酰胺类、氯代羧酸类、环己二酮类、二硝基苯胺类、二硝基苯酚类、二苯基醚类、甘氨酸类、咪唑啉酮类、异噁唑类、异噁唑烷酮类、腈类、N-苯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺类、噁二唑类、噁唑烷二酮类、氧乙酰胺类、苯氧基羧酸类、苯基氨基甲酸酯类、苯基吡唑类、苯基吡唑啉类、苯基哒嗪类、次膦酸类、磷酸酰胺化物类、磷酸二硫代酯类、邻苯甲酰胺甲酸酯类(phthalamates)、吡唑类、哒嗪酮类、吡啶类、吡啶羧酸类、吡啶甲酰胺类、嘧啶二酮类、嘧啶基(硫代)苯甲酸酯类、喹啉羧酸类、缩氨基脲类、磺酰氨基羰基***啉酮类、磺酰脲类、四唑啉酮类、噻二唑类、硫代氨基甲酸酯类、三嗪类、三嗪酮类、***类、***啉酮类、***甲酰胺类、***并嘧啶类、三酮类、脲嘧啶类和脲类。
用于封装的脂质/脂肪包括但不限于脂质-蛋白质,脂质-碳水化合物或脂质-蛋白质-碳水化合物。
用于封装的食品添加剂可包括但不限于水溶性和油溶性维生素、氨基酸、激素、酶、药用制剂如抗生素、抗真菌剂、抗寄生虫剂、抗球虫剂、抗病毒剂、抗氧化剂,预防药物等;以及必需的矿物质和微量营养素。维生素和其衍生物的实例包括维生素E和一些B族维生素(尤其是硫胺)、生育酚、生育酚醋酸酯、视黄醇、棕榈酸视黄酯、棕榈酸抗坏血酸酯,烟酰胺和β-胡萝卜素。抗氧化剂包括但不限于酚类和非酚类。可用于本申请的合适抗氧化剂的实例包括维生素C和维生素E。美国专利8,580,876中公开的酚类抗氧化剂的实例可以在本申请中用作合适的亲脂性试剂。
可封装的液晶材料可包括但不限于向列型、胆甾型、近晶A型和铁电型(手性近晶C*型)。
亲脂性阻垢剂包括基于磷酸酯和聚丙烯酸酯的那些。
根据本申请的一个实施方案,用于封装的涂布材料选自以下非限制性实例,即阳离子聚合物,诸如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)共聚物(均可从Ashland公司获得的Gafquat HS-100、Styleze CC-10、Styleze W-20、Aqua Style 300)、阳离子纤维素聚合物、阳离子瓜尔胶、阳离子丙烯酸酯共聚物、壳聚糖、DADMAC(二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵)共聚物和聚乙烯亚胺。此外,用于涂布目的的合适聚合物可包括在皮肤和毛发上具有成膜特性的油溶性聚合物材料,诸如VP/十六碳烯共聚物、蜂花烷基PVP和VP/二十碳烯共聚物。
可用于封装亲脂性材料的催化剂体系可包括但不限于非均相、均相、金属和非金属催化剂。那些催化剂描述于出版物如WO 2003/006151、WO 2005/016510、WO 2007/096592、GB 2052296、美国专利号4,895,994、WO 2005/016510和美国专利号3,594,666中。
用于封装的防腐剂和/或抗微生物剂选自以下非限制性实例,诸如苯甲酸、山梨酸、脱氢乙酸、吡罗克酮乙醇胺(piroctone olamine)、DMDM乙内酰脲、碘代丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯(IPBC)、三氯生、溴硝丙二醇、异噻唑啉酮、对羟基苯甲酸酯、苯氧乙醇以及它们的组合。
根据一个实施方案,提供了一种消费者护理组合物,所述消费者护理组合物包含具有以下物质的微胶囊:(i)亲脂性芯材,和(ii)微胶囊外壳,其中微胶囊外壳由单体混合物的水包油乳液聚合形成,所述单体混合物基本上由以下物质组成:(a)以重量计大于70%至约99%的多官能烯键式不饱和单体,(b)以重量计约1%至约30%的不饱和羧酸单体或其酯,以及(c)以重量计约0%至约30%的至少一种乙烯基单体。
可用于消费者护理组合物的亲脂性芯材的实例包括芳香剂、紫外线吸收剂、润肤油、杀昆虫剂、洗涤剂、香料,硅氧烷调理剂、头发处理/洗发剂材料、杀生物剂、化妆品和个人护理活性物、氧化剂、药剂、脂质/脂肪、防腐剂和/或抗菌剂或它们的组合,所述亲脂性芯材可直接使用,或者可溶解或分散在油性物质中,如在本文中取决于使用目的而使用的。
根据本申请的另一实施方案,所述消费者护理组合物是洗衣护理、个人护理、通用清洁剂、治疗、化妆品、家庭护理和清洁、药物或药妆组合物。
根据本申请的又一实施方案,所述家庭护理组合物是家用清洁剂、硬表面清洁剂、地毯清洁剂、抛光剂或可喷雾组合物。
根据本申请的又一实施方案,所述洗衣护理组合物是漂洗调理剂,液体洗涤剂、固体洗涤剂或织物清新剂。
根据本申请的另一实施方案,所述个人护理组合物是洗发剂、毛发调理剂、用于皮肤和毛发的洗去型或免洗型组合物、头发漂洗剂、头发定型凝胶、染发剂、脱毛剂、止汗剂/除臭剂、手部消毒剂、护手霜、润手露、液体/固体皂、沐浴凝胶、润肤露、条皂、沐浴露、防晒产品、防腐剂成分、防晒和组织再生支架、口腔护理品、牙膏、漱口水和口香糖,假牙粘着剂或牙科护理品。此外,所述个人护理组合物可以形成为棒状、滚搽式或气溶胶喷雾。
在另一非限制性实施方案中,描述了本申请的微胶囊可以结合在药物组合物中,所述药物组合物包括但不限于口服和局部剂型,诸如片剂、丸剂、胶囊、皮肤病学产品(乳膏、凝胶、软膏、喷雾剂、露和泡沫)、透皮贴剂等。
在一个非限制性实施方案中,本申请的微胶囊可有利地用于控制基于芳香剂递送的消费者产品中的香料释放。在实际使用中观察到封装香料的寿命和强度有相当大的改善。根据本申请某些方面的包含香料的微胶囊的消费品实例可以落入以下产品组类别:衣物洗涤剂、化妆品、个人护理品、餐具洗涤剂和家用清洁剂。消费者产品的更特别的实例包括织物调理剂、液体/粉末衣物洗涤剂、餐具洗涤剂、洗发剂、毛发调理剂、头发定型凝胶、肥皂、沐浴露、沐浴凝胶、全功能清洁剂(包括硬表面清洁剂、地毯清洁剂)、润肤露、止汗剂/除臭剂以及可喷雾产品。
或者,可以将本申请的封装芳香剂的微胶囊以二合一粉末洗涤剂和柔顺剂组合物结合至根据美国专利第4,698,167和5,540,850号中所描述的方法中,以及如美国专利申请2011/97369和PCT WO 2010/000558中所描述的结晶洗衣添加剂中,这些专利以引用方式并入本文。
或者,根据美国专利No 20011/0082066中描述的方法,可以将本申请的芳香剂微胶囊配制成具有多糖如糖类的固体织物护理组合物,所述专利的内容据此以引用方式并入本文。固体织物护理产品可用于在洗涤/清洁循环期间将芳香剂递送至纺织品上,随后经洗涤的纺织品在穿着期间具有有益的芳香气味特征。
在另一非限制性实施方案中,本申请涉及一种用于生产具有改善的芳香剂保留和释放的易碎和高度交联的微胶囊,以结合至(i)衣物洗涤剂;(ii)织物柔顺剂组合物;以及(iii)干燥剂-添加的织物柔顺剂制品中的方法。当微胶囊在洗衣处理期间沉积在织物上时,所述微胶囊能够在初始施加后保留在织物上,并且随后通过施加机械力而被剪切。因此,由于胶囊壁的破裂,封装的芳香剂可在穿着期间提供“爆发”的香味。
本申请的递送***通过以下方法制备,所述方法包括将微胶囊以所需的剂量浓度直接混合至含有表面活性剂的产品中,诸如身体洗去型产品、洗发剂、织物调理剂、衣物洗涤剂。如果含有表面活性剂的产品是液体表面活性剂产品,则通过添加合适的流变改性剂使微胶囊保持均匀地悬浮在液体表面活性剂产品中。在粉末状表面活性剂产品的情况下,可以将水性微胶囊分散体喷雾干燥并造粒,然后混合至粉末状表面活性剂产品中。
根据本申请的另一实施方案,微胶囊可以作为干燥粉末形式提供或作为水凝胶微胶囊的分散体在水溶液中提供。所述粉末形式可通过喷雾干燥或过滤含水形式的微胶囊而获得。预期所有这些材料可与任选的后涂布材料一起使用,所述后涂布材料可进一步包括后添加聚合物涂层以改善其沉积。此任选的涂布还构成改善和控制微胶囊至基底上沉积的手段,这对于在一些功能性产品如洗发剂、织物柔顺剂和衣物洗涤剂中的应用是有用的。
根据本申请的另一实施方案,使用微胶囊的方法包括采用微胶囊作为递送基质以递送用于工业组合物的本申请的亲脂性芯材,至不同的基底表面如皮肤、毛发或纺织品上,所述工业组合物选自由以下项组成的组:农业化学品、纺织品、纸、采矿、石油工业、水处理、粘合剂、涂料、塑料、密封剂、建筑、油漆、油墨和染料,并且其中所述微胶囊包含(i)亲脂性芯材,和(ii)微胶囊外壳,其中微胶囊外壳由单体混合物的水包油乳液聚合形成,所述单体混合物基本上由以下物质组成:(a)以重量计大于70%至约99%的多官能烯键式不饱和单体,(b)以重量计约1%至约30%的不饱和羧酸单体或其酯,以及(c)以重量计约0%至约30%的至少一种乙烯基单体。
在本申请的一个非限制性实施方案中,微胶囊可用于封装在转让给ISPInvestments公司的美国专利第5,389,688号中列出的农用化学品,该专利的全部内容以引用方式并入本文。
微胶囊也可用于石油工业中。微胶囊含有亲脂性油田化学芯部以形成封装的油田化学品,所述亲脂性油田化学芯部为诸如腐蚀抑制剂、阻垢剂、氧化剂、交联剂、催化剂、酸化剂、杀生物剂、破乳剂、酶、聚合物、润滑剂、页岩抑制剂、溶剂和表面活性剂。封装的油田化学品可以有利地应用于钻井、固井、生产刺激和提高油采收率的不同石油提取阶段。所述油田化学品的释放可以通过在施加时改变温度、浓度、pH和剪切来进行。
在一个非限制性实施方案中,微胶囊可用于结合活性物,诸如纺织品,包括涂层和内纤维两者。在某些情况下,可以将微胶囊添加至上一步骤,然后涂布、喷涂或结合至合适的材料如纺织品纤维、涂布的纺织品和建筑产品上。
在一个非限制性实施方案中,微胶囊可用于结合粘合剂的活性物,包括但不限于聚氨酯、环氧树脂、聚酯、异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯、聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇。
进一步预期本申请的微胶囊可以与水泥、灰泥板、焦渣石、刨花板、传热流体、密封剂和粘合剂等一起用于建筑业。亲脂性芯材可以是杀生物剂、阻燃剂、催化剂和环氧树脂等。
本文所述的微胶囊可与塑料中使用的添加剂结合使用,所述添加剂为诸如阻燃剂、催化剂、颜料、光稳定剂、紫外光吸收剂,所述添加剂可被封装以允许塑料有更高的相容性、寿命和自我修复。具体地,亲脂性芯材可以是用于自我修复的催化剂、用于保护的紫外光吸收剂、用于涂层中的颜色变化的热致变色材料。
进一步预期本申请的微胶囊可用于将纸、采矿业、水处理、粘合剂、密封剂、油墨和染料的活性物结合至不同的基底表面如皮肤、毛发或纺织品上。还考虑了包括这种封装的冷却剂***、封装的润滑剂添加剂和用于汽车涂层的封装的紫外光吸收剂的汽车应用,所述润滑剂添加剂为诸如发动机油中的抗磨添加剂。
根据本申请的一个非限制性实施方案,本申请的微胶囊可以通过包括以下步骤的方法制备:(A)制备油相,所述油相包含:(i)单体混合物,所述单体混合物基本上由以下物质组成:(a)以重量计大于70%至约99%的至少一种多官能烯键式不饱和单体,(b)以重量计约1%至约30%的至少一种不饱和羧酸单体或其酯,以及(c)以重量计约0%至约30%的至少一种乙烯基单体;和(ii)至少一种亲脂性芯材;(B)制备单独的水相,所述单独水相包含至少一种聚合物乳液稳定剂和水;(C)在机械剪切下将步骤(A)的油相添加至步骤(B)的水相中以形成水包油乳液;以及(D)使用至少一种引发剂通过自由基聚合来聚合步骤(C)的水包油乳液,以产生包含包埋的亲脂性芯材和聚合物外壳的芯-壳微胶囊,其中所述芯-壳微胶囊悬浮在水中。所得微胶囊的外壳基本上由以下物质组成:(a)以重量计大于70%至约99%的多官能烯键式不饱和单体,(b)以重量计约1%至约30%的不饱和羧酸单体或其酯,以及(c)以重量计约0%至约30%的至少一种乙烯基单体。
在一个非限制性实施方案中,所述聚合物乳液稳定剂选自由以下组成的组:阳离子纤维素衍生物、季铵化胶、聚乙烯亚胺、阳离子聚丙烯酸酯和丙烯酰胺、明胶、季铵化蛋白质水解产物、季铵化氨基硅氧烷、胶体二氧化硅、羟乙基纤维素、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、苯乙烯与马来酸酐或丙烯酸的共聚物,以及它们的组合。
在一个非限制性实施方案中,用于制备微胶囊的引发剂是热引发剂或氧化还原引发剂,所述引发剂选自由以下物质组成的组:过氧二碳酸二鲸蜡酯、过氧二碳酸二(4-叔丁基环己基)酯、过氧化二辛酰、过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化二月桂酰、过氧化二癸酰、过乙酸叔丁酯、过月桂酸叔丁酯、过苯甲酸叔丁酯、叔丁基过氧化氢、氢过氧化异丙苯、乙基过氧化异丙苯、二羧酸二异丙基羟酯、2,2'-偶氮双(2,4-二甲基戊腈)、2,2'-偶氮双(异丁腈)、1,1'-偶氮双(环己烷-1-甲腈)、2,2'-偶氮双-(2-甲基丁腈)、2,2'-偶氮双(2-甲基丙酸)二甲酯、2,2'-偶氮双[2-甲基-N-(2-羟乙基)丙酰胺以及它们的组合。
根据一个非限制性实施方案,本申请所描述的微胶囊的平均粒径为约1μm至约2000μm。其它粒径范围为约1μm至约500μm,约501μm至约1000μm,约1001μm至约1500μm、或约1501μm至约2000μm。根据另一非限制性实施方案,本文所述的微胶囊的平均粒径为1μm至约50μm、或1μm至20μm。
以下非限制性实施例进一步举例说明本申请的某些方面。
实施例
实施例1:制备以重量计70%的PETA和以重量计30%的甲基丙烯酸的外壳:
此实施例说明了通过封装Fruity Accord芳香剂材料制备微胶囊的方法。
通过以下步骤制备油相:用25.3g丙二醇二辛酸酯/癸酸酯稀释101.1g FruityAccord(ex-Robertet),然后添加包含18.3g三丙烯酸季戊四醇酯(PETA)和7.8g甲基丙烯酸(MAA)的单体混合物以形成油混合物,其中在机械搅拌下将0.78g 2,2'-偶氮双-(2-甲基丁腈)热引发剂溶解在所述油混合物中。
单独地通过以下步骤制备水相:将3.6g聚乙烯醇溶解至282.8g去离子水中,加热至80℃以形成聚合物溶液。然后将溶解的聚合物溶液冷却回室温。
将水相转移至600ml烧杯中,然后在高剪切混合器(Silverson LR5)下向其中添加上述制备的油相,以形成平均液滴粒径为约20微米的水包油乳液。将形成的水包油乳液转移至浸没在恒温浴中的700ml反应烧瓶中并机械搅拌。通过鼓泡氮气将乳液脱氧30分钟。在用氮气脱氧后,将乳液加热至80℃以诱发热聚合。使水包油乳液保持反应共6小时以形成所述微胶囊外壳。然后添加0.3g的2,2'-偶氮双-(2-甲基丁腈)以消耗掉单体的任何残余杂质。
得到的微胶囊浆液是微胶囊在水中的含水浆液,并且显著的微胶囊在光学显微镜下清晰可见。通过使用Malvern Mastersizer 2000分析仪,形成的微胶囊的体积加权平均粒径为17.9微米。
实施例2(比较实施例):具有包含20重量%的tBAEMA和80重量%的BDDMA的聚合物外壳的Fruity Accord微胶囊
根据PCT专利申请WO2012-075293的公开内容,通过封装实施例1的Fruity Accord芳香剂材料来制备比较实施例。用于制备此比较样品的实验程序描述如下:
通过以下步骤制备油相:用25.3g丙二醇二辛酸酯/癸酸酯稀释101.1g FruityAccord,然后添加17.5g 1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(BDDMA)和8.6g甲基丙烯酸叔丁基氨基乙酯(tBAEMA)以形成油相。将0.78g的2,2'-偶氮双-(2-甲基丁腈)热引发剂溶解在所述油相中。
单独地通过以下步骤制备水相:将3.6g聚乙烯醇溶解至282.8g去离子水中,加热至80℃并冷却回室温。
在高剪切混合器(Silverson LR5)下将上述油相添加至所述水相中,以形成平均粒径为20微米的水包油乳液。将形成的乳液转移至浸没在恒温浴中的700ml反应烧瓶中并机械搅拌。通过鼓泡氮气将乳液脱氧30分钟。在鼓泡氮气后,将乳液加温(warm)至80℃以诱发热聚合。将混合物保持聚合共6小时。然后添加0.3g的2,2'-偶氮双-(2-甲基丁腈)以消耗单体的任何残余杂质。
所得微胶囊样品是微胶囊在水中的含水浆液,如用Malvern Mastersizer 2000粒径分析仪所测量的,所述含水浆液的体积加权平均D[4,3]粒径为18.7微米。
实施例3(比较实施例):含有三聚氰胺甲醛聚合物外壳的Fruity Accord微胶囊
此实施例涉及用三聚氰胺-甲醛聚合物外壳制备微胶囊化的Fruity Accord芳香剂材料。通过以下步骤来制备参考微胶囊:根据在PCT专利申请WO2012-075293中描述的实施例12(样品B的制备)对三聚氰胺甲醛预缩合物前体进行原位聚合,但在此实施例的情况下,使用140g Fruity Accord代替染色的肉豆蔻酸异丙酯油。
所得样品是Fruity Accord微胶囊在水中的含水浆液。经使用MalvernMastersizer 2000分析仪微胶囊体积加权平均粒径为19.0微米。
实施例4:芳香剂微胶囊的嗅觉性能
将实施例1、2和3的芳香剂微胶囊分别以0.35%的芳香剂材料当量投加至UltraDowny Free&Gentle液体织物柔顺剂(P&G)中。然后将含有各自微胶囊的三种织物柔顺剂配制品中的每一种进一步分成两个样品,以允许在以下两种不同条件下储藏:(i)在23℃下0天和(ii)在40℃下4周。
在每个储藏期(0天或4周)之后,使用标准的美国前载式洗衣机洗衣机对相应的织物柔顺剂样品进行洗衣方案洗涤测试。实验程序涉及按照正常洗涤循环洗涤棉毛巾布,并且在漂洗循环期间将测试织物柔顺剂自动分配至洗衣机中。将洗过的毛巾挂干过夜、装袋、贴标签,并由训练有素的专门小组成员进行评估。芳香剂评估涉及由30名评估员组成的盲试随机小组。在摩擦干燥的毛巾之前和之后,每个评估员将芳香剂强度评定为在0至9的范围内的等级。评分为0表示无气味,而评9分表示气味非常强烈。
两种不同的储藏时间/温度样品的嗅觉性能结果汇总在表1中。
根据表1中给出的感官性能评分结果显见的是,本发明的芳香剂微胶囊(实施例1)具有比相应的对照(来自实施例2和3的样品)更高的评分。将织物柔顺剂在40℃下储藏4周后并且在洗衣测试时,本发明的微胶囊仍然显示出强的香味强度;评分为7。这清楚地证明了芳香剂材料和所希望的嗅觉性能在使用中的保留。据推断,比较微胶囊(实施例2和3)在织物柔顺剂中泄漏了一些芳香剂,因此在使用时不能提供所希望的香味性能。
表1:实施例1至3的Fruity Accord微胶囊的嗅觉性能评分
实施例5至10:Apple Accord和Floral Accord芳香剂材料:
用另外两种芳香剂材料重复实施例1至3中概述的实验程序;所述芳香剂材料分别是Apple Accord和Floral Accord。表2汇总了每个实施例、所用的芳香剂和所得微胶囊的聚合物外壳的化学组成。
表2:实施例5至10的芳香剂微胶囊细节
在进行实施例4中概述的相同程序和洗衣测试方案之后,将实施例5至10的香料微胶囊分别以0.35%的芳香剂当量投加至Ultra Downy Free&Gentle液体织物柔顺剂(P&G)中。然后将含有各自微胶囊的相应织物柔顺剂配制品中的每一种进一步分成两个样品,以允许在洗衣嗅觉评估之前在两种不同的条件下储藏。
表3汇总了来自各自配制品在23℃下储藏0天和在40℃下储藏4周后的织物软化剂的实施例5至10的微胶囊的嗅觉性能结果。
表3:用Apple Accord和Floral Accord制备的微胶囊的性能评分
根据表3的感官评分,实施例5和实施例8的本发明的微胶囊在织物柔顺剂基质中长期储存后仍提供良好的嗅觉性能,而比较微胶囊最初时提供一些嗅觉性能,但是在40℃储藏4周后在织物柔顺剂配制品储藏时失去其功效,这表明芳香剂材料保留在织物柔顺剂的配制品中,并从经洗涤的毛巾布期望地释放。
实施例11:制备具有70%PETA、15%甲基丙烯酸和15%丙烯酸的聚合物外壳组成的微胶囊
通过以下步骤制备油相:用25.3g矿物白油稀释101.1g Floral Accord,然后添加包含18.3g三丙烯酸季戊四醇酯(PETA)、3.9g甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和3.9g丙烯酸的单体混合物。在机械搅拌下,向所得的油状混合物中溶解0.78g 2,2'-偶氮双-(2-甲基丁腈)热引发剂。
单独地通过以下步骤制备水相:通过加热至80℃,将3.6g聚乙烯醇溶解至282.8g去离子水中。然后将所溶解的聚合物溶液冷却回室温(约20℃)。将水相转移至600ml烧杯中,然后在高剪切混合器(Silverson LR5)下添加上述制备的油相,以形成水包油乳液。将形成的水包油乳液转移至浸没在恒温浴中的700ml反应烧瓶中并机械搅拌。通过鼓泡氮气将乳液脱氧30分钟。在脱氧之后将乳液加温至80℃以诱发热聚合。使水包油悬浮体保持反应共6小时以形成微胶囊外壳。然后,添加0.3g2,2'-偶氮双-(2-甲基丁腈)以消耗任何残余的杂质。
所得产物是微胶囊在水中的水性悬浮体。在光学显微镜下,清晰可见平均粒径为26微米的显著的微胶囊。在对显微镜载玻片的盖玻片施加压力时,微胶囊破裂,释放出封装的芳香剂材料。
实施例12:制备具有包含80重量%的PETA和20重量%的MAA的聚合物外壳并且封装个人护理芳香剂Accord(PC Accord)的微胶囊
遵循上述实施例1,区别在于油相包含101.1g个人护理芳香剂Accord(PC Accord)和25.3g丙二醇二辛酸酯/癸酸酯、20.9g三丙烯酸季戊四醇酯(PETA)、5.2g甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和0.78g 2,2'-偶氮双-(2-甲基丁腈)热引发剂。
所得样品是微胶囊在水中的含水浆液。测得所述微胶囊的体积加权平均粒径为19.9微米。
实施例13:来自头发配制品的实施例12的微胶囊的嗅觉性能:
(i)免洗型调理剂和(ii)定型凝胶
将实施例12的个人护理Accord微胶囊单独配制成两种消费者配制品;(i)免洗型调理剂组合物和头发定型凝胶提供如下。
含有PC Accord微胶囊的免洗型毛发调理剂组合物
含有PC Accord微胶囊的头发定型凝胶组合物
上述头发配制品均在50℃下储藏1天和43天,然后按照标准头发测试协议单独在发束上测试。
将发束(9g)首先用洗发液洗涤,在37℃下在自来水下漂洗30秒,然后施加0.5g相应的头发配制品。将发束在受控的温度/湿度条件(23℃±2和50%±5)下晾干过夜,然后进行嗅觉评估。
由6位专门小组成员组成的小组评估对发束上PC Accord的感知强度。每个专门小组成员评定摩擦前后发束的香味强度;强度等级在从1至7的范围内。其中1分的评分相当于无气味,而7分相当于非常强烈的气味。两种经陈化的头发产品的嗅觉性能汇总在表4中。
表4-在50℃1天和43天后头发配制品的芳香性能
从表6中汇总的感官结果推断,芳香剂材料保留在每种头发组合物的微胶囊内,并且在摩擦发束后递送出所需的香味释放。
实施例14:粉末形式的微胶囊
此实施例举例说明干粉形式的芳香剂微胶囊可以通过使含水浆料产品经历喷雾干燥工艺来产生。
使用入口温度为190℃且出口温度为95℃的Buchi Mini-Spray Drier B-290喷雾干燥实施例1的水性分散体。回收的产物是自由流动的粉末。此粉末可以配制成无水和非水配制品。
实施例15:环氧化合物(新戊二醇二缩水甘油醚)的封装
通过以下步骤制备油相:将0.2g引发剂2,2'-偶氮双-(2-甲基丁腈)与2.0g甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和4.6g交联剂三丙烯酸季戊四醇酯(PETA)溶解。然后将25.3g二环氧化合物(新戊二醇二环氧化物)添加至所述油相中。将所得油相添加至含有45.5g去离子水和6.9g聚乙烯醇的水相中。将乳液搅拌5分钟以形成粗的预乳液。然后使用高剪切混合器(SilversonLR5)将乳液均化,以形成平均油滴粒径为15-20微米的水包油乳液。将细乳液转移至1升反应器烧瓶中,在室温下用氮气脱气30分钟,加温至80℃并保持6小时。
所得微胶囊悬浮体是微胶囊在水中的水性悬浮体,发现其在光学显微镜下的平均粒径为20微米。
将在烘箱中从含水浆液干燥而来的干燥微胶囊与二胺混合,以测定封装的二环氧化合物的反应性。平行地,将干燥的胶囊使用剪切破裂,随后与相同的二胺化合物混合。在没有剪切的情况下,即胶囊没有破裂的情况下,没有观察到显著的反应。另一方面,一旦胶囊破裂,就发现硬化材料,说明在封装的二环氧化合物和添加的二胺之间已经发生了反应。
实施例16:紫外线防晒剂(奥克立林)的封装
通过以下步骤来制备油相:将1.31g 2,2'-偶氮双-(2-甲基丁腈)热引发剂溶解至包含10.6g甲基丙烯酸和24.9g三丙烯酸季戊四醇酯(PETA)交联单体的单体混合物中。向此单体混合物中溶解320.1g奥克立林(紫外线防晒剂)。在高剪切混合器(Silverson LR5)下将所得油相添加至包含13.6g聚乙烯醇和428.9g去离子水的水相中,以形成平均油滴粒径为约3微米的水包油乳液。
将形成的油包水乳液转移至1升的反应器烧瓶中,然后用氮气脱氧,加温至85℃并保持6小时,以形成微胶囊。
形成的所得产物是具有封装的奥克立林的微胶囊的水性悬浮体。在光学显微镜下,清楚地观察到粒径为约3微米的单独的微胶囊。
以下是含有本发明的微胶囊的消费者配制品的非限制性实例。
实施例17:织物柔顺剂中的微胶囊
织物柔顺剂
实施例18:毛发调理剂中的微胶囊
毛发调理剂组合物
实施例19:沐浴洗去型产品中的微胶囊
身体洗去型产品组合物
实施例20:止汗剂/除臭剂配制品中的微胶囊
止汗剂/除臭剂应用-气溶胶配制品
实施例21:止汗棒中的微胶囊
止汗棒组合物
虽然已经提供了本发明的许多实施方案,但明显的是可以在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下改变基本构造,以提供利用本发明的其它实施方案。所有此类修改和变化旨在包括在如所附权利要求书中限定的本发明的范围内,而不是已经以举例方式呈现的具体的实施方案。
Claims (21)
1.一种微胶囊,其包含:
i.亲脂性芯材,和
ii.微胶囊外壳;
其中所述微胶囊外壳由单体混合物的水包油乳液的聚合形成,所述单体混合物基本上由以下物质组成:(a)以重量计大于70%至约99%的至少一种多官能烯键式不饱和单体,(b)以重量计约1%至约30%的至少一种不饱和羧酸单体或其酯,以及(c)以重量计约0%至约30%的至少一种乙烯基单体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微胶囊,其中所述亲脂性芯材选自由以下物质组成的组:芳香剂、紫外线吸收剂、润肤油、杀昆虫剂、染料、洗涤剂、印刷油墨、香料、硅氧烷调理剂、头发处理/洗发剂材料、杀生物剂、粘合剂、腐蚀抑制剂、防污剂、香精、化妆品和个人护理活性物、氧化剂、药剂、农用化学品/农药、脂质/脂肪、食品添加剂、液晶、涂料、催化剂、防腐剂和/或抗菌剂、亲脂性阻垢剂、化学反应物、防锈剂、记录材料、磁性物质以及它们的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的微胶囊,其中所述多官能烯键式不饱和单体(a)选自由以下物质组成的组:二(甲基)丙烯酸乙二醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸二(乙二醇)酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸三甘醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸丙二醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸1,4-丁二醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸1,6-己二醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸甘油酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸1,3-丁二醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸新戊二醇酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸1,10-癸二醇酯、三(甲基)丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、四(甲基)丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、六(甲基)丙烯酸二季戊四醇酯、三(甲基)丙烯酸三烯丙基缩甲醛酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸三丁二醇酯、PEG 200二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、PEG 400二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、PEG 600二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、单丙烯酸3-丙烯酰氧基二醇酯、三丙烯酰基缩甲醛、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯以及它们的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的微胶囊,其中所述不饱和羧酸单体或其酯(b)选自由以下物质组成的组:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸、马来酸酐、富马酸、衣康酸、丙烯酸2-羧基乙酯、丙烯酸的C1-C24烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸的C1-C24烷基酯以及它们的组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的微胶囊,其中所述乙烯基单体(c)选自N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基己内酰胺、吡咯烷酮甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙基酯、辛基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酰氧基乙基三甲基氯化铵、甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯以及它们的组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的微胶囊,其中所述微胶囊外壳由包含甲基丙烯酸和/或丙烯酸与三丙烯酸季戊四醇酯(PETA)的单体混合物形成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的微胶囊,其中所述不饱和羧酸单体或其酯以聚合物外壳中的总单体重量计约10%至约30%的量存在。
8.根据权利要求1所述的微胶囊,其中所述微胶囊外壳是易碎的和高度交联的,其具有量为以重量计大于70%至约99%的多官能烯键式不饱和单体。
9.根据权利要求8所述的微胶囊,其中所述易碎和高度交联的微胶囊能够提供对所述亲脂性芯材的保持和释放两者。
10.根据权利要求1所述的微胶囊,其中所述微胶囊的平均粒径为1-2000μm。
11.一种制备微胶囊的方法,其包括以下步骤:
A.制备油相,所述油相包含:
i.单体混合物,所述单体混合物基本上由以下物质组成:(a)以重量计大于70%至约99%的至少一种多官能烯键式不饱和单体,(b)以重量计约1%至约30%的至少一种不饱和羧酸单体或其酯,以及(c)以重量计约0%至约30%的至少一种乙烯基单体;以及
ii.至少一种亲脂性芯材;
B.制备包含至少一种聚合物乳液稳定剂和水的单独水相;
C.在机械剪切下将步骤(A)的油相添加至步骤(B)的水相中,以形成水包油乳液;
D.采用至少一种引发剂通过自由基聚合使步骤(C)的水包油乳液聚合,制备包含包埋的亲脂性芯材和聚合物外壳的芯-壳微胶囊,以产生所述芯-壳微胶囊在水中的悬浮体。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述微胶囊的外壳基本上由以下物质组成:(a)以重量计大于70%至约99%的至少一种多官能烯键式不饱和单体,(b)以重量计约1%至约30%的至少一种不饱和羧酸单体或其酯,以及(c)以重量计约0%至约30%的至少一种乙烯基单体。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述聚合物乳液稳定剂选自由以下物质组成的组:阳离子纤维素衍生物、季铵化胶、聚乙烯亚胺、阳离子聚丙烯酸酯和丙烯酰胺、明胶、季铵化蛋白质水解产物、季铵化氨基硅氧烷、胶体二氧化硅、羟乙基纤维素、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、苯乙烯与马来酸酐或丙烯酸的共聚物以及它们的组合。
14.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述引发剂是选自由以下物质组成的组的热引发剂或氧化还原引发剂:过氧二碳酸二鲸蜡酯、过氧二碳酸二(4-叔丁基环己基)酯、过氧化二辛酰、过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化二月桂酰、过氧化二癸酰、过乙酸叔丁酯、过月桂酸叔丁酯、过苯甲酸叔丁酯、叔丁基过氧化氢、氢过氧化异丙苯、乙基过氧化异丙苯、二羧酸二异丙基羟基酯、2,2'-偶氮双(2,4-二甲基戊腈)、2,2'-偶氮双(异丁腈)、1,1'-偶氮双(环己烷-1-腈)、2,2'-偶氮双-(2-甲基丁腈)、2,2'-偶氮双(2-甲基丙酸)二甲酯、2,2'-偶氮双[2-甲基-N-(2-羟乙基)丙酰胺以及它们的组合。
15.一种消费者护理组合物,其包含微胶囊,所述微胶囊包含:(i)亲脂性芯材,和(ii)微胶囊外壳,其中所述微胶囊外壳由单体混合物的水包油乳液的聚合形成,所述单体混合物基本上由以下物质组成:(a)以重量计大于70%至约99%的至少一种多官能烯键式不饱和单体,(b)以重量计约1%至约30%的至少一种不饱和羧酸单体或其酯,以及(c)以重量计约0%至约30%的至少一种乙烯基单体。
16.根据权利要求15所述的消费者护理组合物,其中所述消费者护理组合物是洗衣护理组合物、个人护理组合物、通用清洁剂组合物、治疗组合物、化妆品组合物、家庭护理和清洁组合物、药物或药妆组合物。
17.根据权利要求16所述的消费者护理组合物,其中所述个人护理组合物是洗发剂、毛发调理剂、用于皮肤和毛发的洗去型或免洗型组合物、头发漂洗剂、头发定型凝胶、染发剂、脱毛剂、止汗剂/除臭剂、手部消毒剂、护手霜、润手露、液体/固体皂、沐浴凝胶、润肤露、条皂、沐浴露、防晒产品、防腐剂成分、防晒和组织再生支架、口腔护理品、牙膏、漱口水和口香糖、假牙粘着剂或牙科护理品。
18.根据权利要求16所述的消费者护理组合物,其中所述洗衣护理组合物是漂洗调理剂、液体洗涤剂、固体洗涤剂或织物清新剂。
19.根据权利要求16所述的消费者护理组合物,其中所述个人护理组合物可以形成为棒状、滚搽式或气溶胶喷雾。
20.根据权利要求16所述的消费者护理组合物,其中所述家庭护理组合物是家用清洁剂、硬表面清洁剂、地毯清洁剂、抛光剂、或可喷射的组合物。
21.一种使用微胶囊的方法,其包括采用所述微胶囊作为递送基质以递送用于工业组合物的亲脂性芯材至不同的基底表面上,如递送至皮肤、毛发或纺织品上,所述工业组合物与农业化学品、纺织品、纸、采矿、石油工业、水处理、粘合剂、涂料、塑料、密封剂、建筑、涂剂、油墨和染料相关,其中所述微胶囊包含(i)至少一种亲脂性芯材,和(ii)微胶囊外壳,其中所述微胶囊外壳由单体混合物的水包油乳液聚合形成,所述单体混合物基本上由以下物质组成:(a)以重量计大于70%至约99%的至少一种多官能烯键式不饱和单体,(b)以重量计约1%至约30%的至少一种不饱和羧酸单体或其酯,以及(c)以重量计约0%至约30%的至少一种乙烯基单体。
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CN108778730B (zh) | 2021-02-09 |
BR112018014242A2 (pt) | 2018-12-11 |
CA3011107C (en) | 2020-06-09 |
US20190054440A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 |
BR112018014242B1 (pt) | 2022-11-22 |
EP3402674A1 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
US11396000B2 (en) | 2022-07-26 |
MX2018008726A (es) | 2018-12-06 |
JP6938514B2 (ja) | 2021-09-22 |
CA3011107A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
AU2017207981B2 (en) | 2020-10-29 |
JP2019505375A (ja) | 2019-02-28 |
AU2017207981A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
WO2017123965A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
EP3402674A4 (en) | 2019-09-25 |
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