CN108760549B - Test system and method for simulating drag effect of pipeline water flow wall surface in rock-soil body - Google Patents
Test system and method for simulating drag effect of pipeline water flow wall surface in rock-soil body Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a testing technology of slope stability influence factors, and particularly discloses a testing system for simulating a drag force effect of a pipeline water flow wall surface in a rock-soil body, which comprises a bottom plate, a simulated rock-soil layer and a water tank, wherein the simulated rock-soil layer is internally provided with a through pipeline; the lifting device can continuously adjust the height of the lifting end in the vertical direction; a downstream port of a through pipeline in the simulated rock-soil layer is provided with a water blocking plug matched with the port in shape; the setting height of the water outlet of the water tank is not lower than that of the upstream port and is communicated with the upstream port through a water guide pipe; the setting height of the overflow port on the water tank is higher than that of the water outlet of the water tank. The invention has the advantages that: the method is suitable for measuring the drag force of water flow on the wall surface of the through pipeline in the rock-soil layer under the condition of heavy rainfall or drainage, thereby providing reference and contribution to the influence of the drag force of the pipeline on the instability of the rock-soil body under the condition of heavy rainfall or drainage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a testing technology of slope stability influence factors, in particular to a testing device and a testing method for determining influences of rock-soil body pipeline flow on rock-soil body stability.
Background
The through pipelines, the non-through pipelines and the pores in the rock-soil body together form a complex porous network system. The through pipeline is a main path for mutual conversion between underground water and surface water, is an important channel for hydraulic connection between the underground water and the rock-soil body, and is also a boundary condition for frequently tracking unstable destruction of the rock-soil body. The geotechnical body pipeline flow greatly influences the construction safety and normal operation of the engineering such as traffic, water conservancy, hydropower, mine and the like, and the research thereof is widely concerned by the engineering and academic circles.
The civil engineering field describes the motion of water in rock-soil mass, and the linear Darcy law is generally adopted. This law is applicable to linear laminar flow of a single homogeneous porous medium with an upper Reynolds number Re of [1,10 ]. Based on the linear Darcy seepage theory, the flow field of the pore medium of the relatively uniform rock-soil body is calculated, and the mechanical response under the fluid-solid coupling effect is evaluated according to the flow field. However, when Re exceeds the upper limit of linear laminar flow or there are concentrated leakage paths through the pipe in the rock mass, significant errors can occur when calculations are still made using Darcy's theory. In 1868, the famous russian fluidics bushiki proposed the kinematic theory of Newton fluids in smooth parallel plate slots. Under the theoretical framework system, the motion equation of the fluid in the smooth circular pipeline with the same diameter can be deduced. When solving the problem of groundwater seepage containing a through pipeline rock-soil body medium, the open cube law is generally adopted at present. However, the wall of the pipeline is mostly regarded as a watertight boundary in specific calculation, and the assumption implies that the rock-soil matrix existing in the pipeline is also watertight (note: the rock-soil matrix refers to a part containing a pore structure and a non-through pipeline porous medium), and meanwhile, the assumption is that the pipeline does not contain loose fillers, and the deviation is still larger compared with the actual situation. Therefore, the classical groundwater seepage movement theory needs to be promoted and perfected, so that the flow field characteristics of the porous medium of the through pipeline rock-soil body containing the filler are described more accurately, and the mechanical response of the rock-soil body under the action of groundwater seepage is evaluated more reasonably. The research on the pipeline flow is rarely considered by referring to relevant literature data at home and abroad, and the dragging force effect of the water flow on the wall surface of the pipeline is considered.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to better research the influence of the drag force of the water flow penetrating through the wall surface of the pipeline on the stability of the rock-soil body, the invention provides a test system and a test method for simulating the drag force effect of the wall surface of the water flow of the pipeline in the rock-soil body.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the test system for simulating the drag force effect of the water flow wall surface of the pipeline in the rock-soil body comprises a bottom plate, a simulated rock-soil layer and a water tank, wherein the simulated rock-soil layer and the water tank are laid on the bottom plate and are internally provided with through pipelines; the bottom plate comprises a fixed end and a lifting end, the fixed end is fixed through a horizontal shaft and can rotate around the horizontal shaft, the lifting end is connected with a lifting device, and the lifting device can continuously adjust the height of the lifting end in the vertical direction; the through pipeline in the simulated rock-soil layer comprises an upstream port close to the fixed end and a downstream port close to the lifting end, and the downstream port is provided with a water blocking plug matched with the port in shape; the side wall of the water tank is provided with a plurality of water tank water outlets, the setting height of the water tank water outlets is not lower than that of the upstream port, the water tank water outlets and the upstream port are communicated through a water guide pipe, water flow is controlled through a valve, and when the valve is opened, water in the water tank can enter a through pipeline; the water tank is also provided with an overflow port, and the setting height of the overflow port is higher than that of the water outlet of the water tank.
The calculation of the drag force generated by the water flow of the existing pipeline on the wall surface of the through pipeline has no certain theory, and the invention provides a set of drag force testing technology of the water flow on the wall surface of the through pipeline.
Therefore, the test system for simulating the wall drag effect of the water flow of the pipeline in the rock-soil body is developed, and the system can be used for measuring the drag force of the water flow on the wall of the through pipeline in the rock-soil medium.
It is easy to understand that the upstream port of the through pipe of the present invention should be connected to a water source, the choice of the water source is not limited, but it is necessary to ensure that the water flow can smoothly and uniformly enter the through pipe to achieve the purpose of simulating the natural pipe flow, so the upstream port of the through pipe cannot be connected to a pressurized water tap or other devices. For the convenience of testing, it is preferable to provide a dedicated water reservoir for supplying water to the through-channels.
In the invention, in order to improve the accuracy and convenience of the test, a water tank matched with the device is designed as a water supply medium. As shown in fig. 1, a plurality of water tank water outlets are formed in the side wall of the water tank, the setting height of the water tank water outlets is not lower than that of the upstream port, the water tank water outlets are communicated with the upstream port through water guide pipes, water flow is controlled through valves, and when the valves are opened, water in the water tank can enter the through pipelines. The flow speed of water can be controlled by adjusting the water level in the water tank and setting the position of the water outlet of the water tank, so that the water flow can smoothly and uniformly enter the through pipe seam. In order to enable the water flow in the water tank to uniformly flow into the through pipe seam, the setting height of the water outlet of the water tank is not lower than that of the upstream port so as to simulate the natural water flow flowing along the through pipe seam under the action of gravity under natural conditions; it will be readily appreciated that to prevent excessive flow rates, the tank outlet cannot be set too high above the height of the upstream port.
In addition, an overflow port is arranged on the water tank and used for controlling the water level of the water tank, so that the flow rate of water is always stable and unchanged in the whole test process, and the pipeline flow under the natural condition is simulated more accurately. In the invention, the overflow port is arranged at a position higher than the water outlet of the water tank, so that the water level can be stabilized at the position of the overflow port through the balance of water injection and overflow. Meanwhile, the overflow port is excessively higher than the water outlet of the water tank, so that the pressure at the water outlet of the water tank is too high, and the water outlet speed is too high, so that the accuracy of the test is influenced.
The lifting device provided by the invention can realize the function of driving the lifting end to stably and continuously lift so as to accurately measure the inclination angle when the rock-soil mass starts to slide. For example, the lifting bracket shown in fig. 1 is adopted, and the lifting of the bracket can be realized by hydraulic or pneumatic driving. In addition, it is also conceivable to use other lifting devices that can perform the above-described functions, for example, a pulley block as the lifting device.
The testing device can be used for testing the pipeline flow drag force of the through pipelines in different rock-soil layers in various forms, and the simulated rock-soil layers are required to be manufactured and laid according to the geological condition to be tested during testing. For example, when the device is used for testing the pipeline flow drag force in a rock stratum, a sand cushion layer can be paved on a bottom plate, then a concrete layer simulation rock stratum is placed on the sand cushion layer, a through pipeline is arranged in the rock stratum according to the actual situation, and then powdery clay layer simulation pipeline fillers are filled in the pipeline. The laying thickness and density of each rock-soil layer, the pipeline shape and other conditions are laid according to the geological condition to be tested and the size similarity principle. The 'size similarity principle' refers to the selection, manufacture and laying of simulated rock and soil layers and pipelines thereof according to the thickness and distribution proportion of each rock and soil layer, the pipeline shape and the filler distribution condition in the simulated actual geological conditions.
The invention also discloses a test method for simulating the drag effect of the wall surface of the pipeline water flow in the rock-soil body, which comprises the following steps:
A. selecting an experimental site, and installing the test system for simulating the drag effect of the wall surface of the pipeline water flow in the rock-soil body;
B. laying a simulated rock-soil layer with a through pipeline inside on a bottom plate according to the geological condition to be tested, and plugging a downstream port of the through pipeline by using a configured water-blocking plug; then injecting water into the water tank until the overflow port is submerged by the water level, then opening the overflow port, and simultaneously continuing injecting water to keep the water level in the water tank balanced at the position of the overflow port;
C. hydrostatic test: adjusting the bottom plate to be horizontally placed through the lifting device, then opening the valve to inject water into the through pipeline, and closing the valve after the through pipeline is filled with water;
D. adjusting the lifting device to enable the lifting end to slowly incline downwards until the simulated rock-soil layer on the bottom plate just slides, immediately stopping adjusting the lifting device, and measuring the inclination angle alpha of the bottom plate at the moment;
E. water movement experiment: b, restoring the bottom plate to be horizontally placed, paving a simulated rock-soil layer with a through pipeline inside on the bottom plate in the same way as the step B, plugging a downstream port of the through pipeline by using a configured water blocking plug, and then opening a valve to inject water into the through pipeline to fill the through pipeline with water;
F. pulling out the water blocking plug, simultaneously adjusting the lifting device to enable the lifting end to slowly incline downwards, keeping the valve in an opening state and adjusting water flow to ensure that the through pipeline is always full of water flow, immediately stopping adjusting the lifting device until the simulated rock-soil layer on the bottom plate just slides, and measuring the inclination angle beta of the bottom plate at the moment;
G. and calculating the drag force of the water flow on the wall surface of the through pipeline according to the experimental result.
The method can be used for measuring the drag force of the water flow on the wall surface of the through pipeline in the rock-soil layer by using the test system for simulating the drag force effect of the wall surface of the pipeline water flow in the rock-soil body.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the test system and the test method for simulating the wall drag effect of the pipeline water flow in the rock-soil mass are suitable for measuring the drag force of the water flow on the wall surface of the through pipeline in the rock-soil layer under the condition of heavy rainfall or drainage, so that reference and contribution are provided for quantifying the influence of the pipeline drag force on the instability of the rock-soil mass under the condition of heavy rainfall or drainage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test system for simulating a drag effect of a water flow wall surface of a pipeline in rock-soil mass according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a test system for simulating a drag effect of a water flow wall surface of a pipeline in a rock-soil body according to the second embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional structure view of a simulated geotechnical layer according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional structure view of a simulated geotechnical layer according to the second embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a stress analysis diagram of a rock-soil body with a through pipeline inside under the condition of a still water experiment.
FIG. 6 is a stress analysis diagram of a rock-soil body with a through pipeline inside under the condition of a flowing water experiment.
Labeled as: 1-bottom plate, 2-simulated rock-soil layer, 21-sand cushion layer, 22-concrete layer, 23-silty clay filling layer, 3-through pipeline, 31-upstream port, 32-downstream port, 33-water blocking plug, 4-water tank, 5-water tank water outlet, 6-water guide pipe, 7-valve, 8-overflow port, 9-lifting support, G-rock-soil body dead weight with through pipeline, F-pressure of water body in through pipeline to rock-soil body, FfFriction of the lower rock mass against the rock mass with the through-going pipe, inclination of the floor measured under the conditions of the alpha-hydrostatic test, inclination of the floor measured under the conditions of the beta-hydrodynamic test, FdDrag force of water flow on the through-pipe wall, FNSupport of the rock-soil mass with through-going pipes by the lower rock mass, P-throughThe pressure of the water in the through pipe to the water block.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the test system for simulating the drag force effect of the water flow wall surface of the pipeline in the rock-soil mass comprises a bottom plate 1, a simulated rock-soil layer 2 penetrating through the pipeline 3 and a water tank 4, wherein the bottom plate 1 comprises a fixed end and a lifting end, the fixed end is fixed through a horizontal shaft and can rotate around the horizontal shaft, the lifting end is connected with a lifting support 9 driven by hydraulic pressure, and the lifting support 9 can continuously adjust the height of the lifting end in the vertical direction; the simulated rock-soil layer 2 is arranged on the bottom plate 1 and comprises a sand cushion layer 21 laid on the bottom plate 1 and a concrete layer 22 laid on the sand cushion layer 21, the through pipeline 3 is arranged inside the concrete layer 22, and the inner wall of the through pipeline 3 is provided with a silty clay filling layer 23; the through-duct 3 comprises an upstream port 31 and a downstream port 32, said downstream port 32 being provided with a water blocking plug 33 matching the port shape. The side wall of the water tank 4 is provided with a plurality of water tank water outlets 5, the setting height of the water tank water outlets 5 is not lower than that of the upstream port 31, the water tank water outlets 5 are communicated with the upstream port 31 through a water guide pipe 6, water flow is controlled through a valve 7, and when the valve 7 is opened, water in the water tank 4 can enter the through pipeline 3; the water tank 4 is also provided with an overflow port 8, and the arrangement height of the overflow port 8 is higher than that of the water outlet 5 of the water tank.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the testing system for simulating the drag effect of the wall surface of the pipeline water flow in the rock-soil mass is utilized to measure the drag force of the water flow on the wall surface of the circular pipeline according to the following steps:
(1) selecting an experimental site, and installing the test system for simulating the drag effect of the wall surface of the pipeline water flow in the rock-soil body;
(2) according to geological conditions to be tested, a sand cushion layer 21 is laid on a bottom plate according to the size similarity principle, a concrete layer 22 is laid on the sand cushion layer 21 to simulate a rock stratum, a through pipeline 3 is arranged inside the concrete layer 22, the cross section of the pipeline is circular, and a silty clay filling layer 23 used for simulating pipeline fillers is arranged on the inner wall of the through pipeline 3. The downstream port 32 of the through duct 3 is then blocked with a configured water block 33; then, injecting water into the water tank 4 until the overflow port 8 is submerged by the water level, then opening the overflow port 8, and simultaneously continuing injecting water to keep the water level in the water tank 4 balanced at the position of the overflow port 8;
(3) hydrostatic test: adjusting the bottom plate 1 to be horizontally placed through the lifting support, then opening the valve 7 to inject water into the through pipeline 3, and stopping injecting water after the through pipeline 3 is filled with water;
(4) adjusting the lifting support 9 to enable the lifting end to slowly incline downwards, stopping adjusting the lifting support 9 immediately until the concrete layer 22 on the bottom plate 1 just slides, and measuring the inclination angle alpha of the bottom plate 1 at the moment;
(5) water movement experiment: b, reducing the bottom plate 1 to be horizontally placed, paving a simulated rock-soil layer 2 on the bottom plate 1 in the same way as the step B, arranging a through pipeline 3 in the simulated rock-soil layer, and then opening a valve 7 to inject water into the through pipeline 3 so as to fill the through pipeline 3 with water;
(6) pulling out the water blocking plug 33, adjusting the lifting support 9 at the same time to enable the lifting end to slowly incline downwards, keeping injecting water into the through pipeline 3 and adjusting water flow to ensure that the through pipeline 3 is always filled with water flow in the process, immediately stopping adjusting the lifting support 9 until the concrete layer 22 on the bottom plate 1 just slides, and measuring the inclination angle beta of the bottom plate 1 at the moment;
(7) and calculating the drag force of the water flow to the wall surface of the through pipeline 3 according to the experimental result.
Example two:
the testing system for simulating the drag effect of the wall surface of the pipeline water flow in the rock-soil mass is utilized to measure the drag force of the water flow on the wall surface of the rectangular pipeline according to the following steps:
(1) selecting an experimental site, and installing the test system for simulating the drag effect of the wall surface of the pipeline water flow in the rock-soil body;
(2) according to geological conditions to be tested, a sand cushion layer 21 is laid on a bottom plate according to the size similarity principle, a concrete layer 22 is laid on the sand cushion layer 21 to simulate a rock stratum, a through pipeline 3 is arranged inside the concrete layer 22, the cross section of the pipeline is rectangular, and a silty clay filling layer 23 used for simulating pipeline fillers is arranged on the inner wall of the through pipeline 3. The downstream port 32 of the through duct 3 is then blocked with a configured water block 33; then, injecting water into the water tank 4 until the overflow port 8 is submerged by the water level, then opening the overflow port 8, and simultaneously continuing injecting water to keep the water level in the water tank 4 balanced at the position of the overflow port 8;
(3) hydrostatic test: adjusting the bottom plate 1 to be horizontally placed through the lifting support, then opening the valve 7 to inject water into the through pipeline 3, and stopping injecting water after the through pipeline 3 is filled with water;
(4) adjusting the lifting support 9 to enable the lifting end to slowly incline downwards, stopping adjusting the lifting support 9 immediately until the concrete layer 22 on the bottom plate 1 just slides, and measuring the inclination angle alpha of the bottom plate 1 at the moment;
(5) water movement experiment: b, reducing the bottom plate 1 to be horizontally placed, paving a simulated rock-soil layer 2 on the bottom plate 1 in the same way as the step B, arranging a through pipeline 3 in the simulated rock-soil layer, and then opening a valve 7 to inject water into the through pipeline 3 so as to fill the through pipeline 3 with water;
(6) pulling out the water blocking plug 33, adjusting the lifting support 9 at the same time to enable the lifting end to slowly incline downwards, keeping injecting water into the through pipeline 3 and adjusting water flow to ensure that the through pipeline 3 is always filled with water flow in the process, immediately stopping adjusting the lifting support 9 until the concrete layer 22 on the bottom plate 1 just slides, and measuring the inclination angle beta of the bottom plate 1 at the moment;
(7) and calculating the drag force of the water flow to the wall surface of the through pipeline 3 according to the experimental result.
It should be understood that the measurement is performed by arranging the through pipes with circular and rectangular cross sections in the concrete layer in the first and second embodiments, only for the sake of convenience of modeling, and it can be understood from the measurement principle of the present invention that the measurement apparatus and method of the present invention can also be applied to the measurement of the wall water flow drag force of the through pipes with other shapes, including irregular shapes.
The calculation method comprises the following steps:
by aligning a rock-soil mass with a through-going conduit (in the first and second embodiments)In the rock-soil body with through pipeline refers to concrete layer) to perform force balance analysis, and substituting the force balance analysis into the frictional resistance F calculated under the hydrostatic test conditionfSo as to calculate the drag force F of the water flow to the wall surface of the through pipelined。
The stress analysis of the rock-soil body with the through pipeline under the conditions of the hydrostatic test and the hydrodynamic test is respectively shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6.
The drag force calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula:
g represents the dead weight of the rock-soil body with a through pipeline,
f represents the pressure of the water body in the through pipeline to the rock-soil body,
Ffrepresenting the frictional force of the underlying rock mass against the rock mass with the through-going pipe (in examples one and two the frictional force of the sand bedding against the concrete layer is shown),
alpha represents the measured inclination angle of the bottom plate under the condition of a still water test,
beta represents the inclination angle of the bottom plate measured under the condition of the running water test,
Fdrepresenting the drag force of the water flow on the wall surface of the through pipe.
Claims (5)
1. The test method for simulating the drag effect of the wall surface of the pipeline water flow in the rock-soil body comprises the following steps:
A. selecting an experimental site, and installing a test system for simulating the drag effect of the wall surface of the pipeline water flow in the rock-soil body; the test system for simulating the drag effect of the water flow wall surface of the pipeline in the rock-soil body comprises a bottom plate (1), a simulated rock-soil layer (2) which is laid on the bottom plate (1) and internally provided with a through pipeline (3), and a water tank (4); the bottom plate (1) comprises a fixed end and a lifting end, the fixed end is fixed through a horizontal shaft and can rotate around the horizontal shaft, the lifting end is connected with a lifting device, and the lifting device can continuously adjust the height of the lifting end in the vertical direction; the through pipe (3) in the simulated rock-soil layer (2) comprises an upstream port (31) close to a fixed end and a downstream port (32) close to a lifting end, and the downstream port (32) is provided with a water blocking plug (33) matched with the shape of the port; the side wall of the water tank (4) is provided with a plurality of water tank water outlets (5), the setting height of the water tank water outlets (5) is not lower than that of the upstream port (31), the water tank water outlets (5) are communicated with the upstream port (31) through water guide pipes (6), water flow is controlled through a valve (7), and when the valve (7) is opened, water in the water tank (4) can enter the through pipeline (3); an overflow port (8) is also arranged on the water tank (4), and the arrangement height of the overflow port (8) is higher than that of the water outlet (5) of the water tank;
B. laying a simulated rock-soil layer (2) with a through pipeline (3) inside on a bottom plate (1) according to geological conditions to be tested, and plugging a downstream port (32) of the through pipeline (3) by using a configured water blocking plug (33); then, injecting water into the water tank (4) until the overflow port (8) is submerged by the water level, then opening the overflow port (8), and simultaneously continuing injecting water to keep the water level in the water tank (4) balanced at the position of the overflow port (8);
C. hydrostatic test: the bottom plate (1) is adjusted to be horizontally placed through the lifting device, then the valve (7) is opened to inject water into the through pipeline (3), and the valve (7) is closed after the through pipeline (3) is filled with water;
D. adjusting the lifting device to enable the lifting end to slowly incline downwards until the simulated rock-soil layer (2) on the bottom plate (1) just slides, immediately stopping adjusting the lifting device, and measuring the inclination angle alpha of the bottom plate (1) at the moment;
E. water movement experiment: b, restoring the bottom plate (1) to be horizontally placed, paving a simulated rock-soil layer (2) with a through pipeline (3) inside on the bottom plate (1) in the same way as the step B, plugging a downstream port (32) of the through pipeline (3) by using a configured water blocking plug (33), and then opening a valve (7) to inject water into the through pipeline (3) to fill the through pipeline (3) with water;
F. pulling out the water blocking plug (33), adjusting the lifting device at the same time to enable the lifting end to slowly incline downwards, keeping the valve (7) in an opening state and adjusting water flow to ensure that the through pipeline (3) is always full of water flow in the process, immediately stopping adjusting the lifting device until the simulated rock-soil layer (2) on the bottom plate (1) just slides, and measuring the inclination angle beta of the bottom plate (1) at the moment;
G. the method comprises the following steps of calculating the drag force of water flow on the wall surface of the through pipeline (3) according to an experimental result: through the balance analysis of force of the rock-soil mass with the through pipeline, the calculated friction force F of the lower rock mass to the rock-soil mass with the through pipeline is substitutedfSo as to calculate the drag force F of the water flow to the wall surface of the through pipelined(ii) a The drag force calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula:
g represents the dead weight of the rock-soil body with a through pipeline,
f represents the pressure of the water body in the through pipeline to the rock-soil body,
Ffrepresenting the frictional force of the underlying rock mass against the rock mass with the through-going conduit,
alpha represents the measured inclination angle of the bottom plate under the condition of a still water test,
beta represents the inclination angle of the bottom plate measured under the condition of the running water test,
Fdrepresenting the drag force of the water flow on the wall surface of the through pipe.
2. The test method for simulating the drag effect of the wall surface of the pipeline water flow in the rock-soil body according to claim 1, wherein the test method comprises the following steps: the lifting device is a lifting support (9).
3. The test method for simulating the drag effect of the wall surface of the pipeline water flow in the rock-soil body according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the cross section of the through pipeline (3) is circular.
4. The test method for simulating the drag effect of the wall surface of the pipeline water flow in the rock-soil body according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the cross section of the through pipeline (3) is rectangular.
5. The test method for simulating the drag effect of the wall surface of the pipeline water flow in the rock-soil body according to claim 1, wherein the test method comprises the following steps: simulation ground layer (2) including lay sand cushion layer (21) on bottom plate (1) and lay concrete layer (22) on sand cushion layer (21), link up pipeline (3) and set up inside concrete layer (22), it has silty clay filling layer (23) to link up pipeline (3) inner wall.
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| CN206096123U (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-04-12 | 长沙理工大学 | Soil slope water -resistant flows erosive power analogue test device |
| CN107340381A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-11-10 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of nigration device and its test method for studying gully head erosion |
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