CN108507894B - A kind of simulation bulk solid slope pulls force test system and test method when slope runoff washes away - Google Patents
A kind of simulation bulk solid slope pulls force test system and test method when slope runoff washes away Download PDFInfo
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- CN108507894B CN108507894B CN201810387667.XA CN201810387667A CN108507894B CN 108507894 B CN108507894 B CN 108507894B CN 201810387667 A CN201810387667 A CN 201810387667A CN 108507894 B CN108507894 B CN 108507894B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
- G01N3/567—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion by submitting the specimen to the action of a fluid or of a fluidised material, e.g. cavitation, jet abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of test device of influencing factors for slope stability and method, specifically discloses a kind of simulation bulk solid slope and pull force test system, including simulated slot when slope runoff washes away, simulate rock-soil layer and water tank；The lift side of simulated slot is connected with lifting device, the height of lifting device continuously adjustable lift side in the vertical direction；Going up and down end-stopping plate is detachable installation；Water outlet of water tank is connected to simulated slot water inlet by pipeline, and overflow port is provided on water tank；The setting height of overflow port is higher than the setting height of water outlet of water tank.The invention also discloses the test methods of corresponding slope current drag power.The invention has the advantages that being suitable for the more slow slope current drag power measurement of intense rainfall condition descending slope, to quantify influence of the water flow to slope soil unstability under intense rainfall condition, optimize the oblique slope stability quantitative evaluation method of existing condition of raining.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test device of influencing factors for slope stability and methods, especially a kind of to be applied to strong drop
The test device and method of shallow-layer slope stability under the conditions of rain.
Background technique
Statistics shows that most landslides (especially slope shallow soil unstability) are that rainfall causes.Rainfall leads to water
Stream has effect of dragging, and then acceleration ramp shallow soil unstability to slope soil through slope soil, water flow.Related shallow-layer is sliding
The research achievement on slope is compared with horn of plenty.Document (PRADELD, RAAD G.Effect ofPermeability on Surficial
Stability ofHomogeneous Slopes[J].Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,1993,119
(2): 315-332.) report homogeneous slope it is long last, high-intensity rainfall under the conditions of the shallow failure phenomenon that occurs, propose
Infinitepiston sliding-type side slope model；(Li Ning, Xu Jiancong, rainfall in Asia induces the calculating mould of shallow failure stability to document by the emperor himself
Type research [J] rock-soil mechanics, 2012,33 (5): 209-214.) entered using unsaturated soil VG model with improved Green-Ampt
Osmole type improves Mein-Larson Infiltration Model, proposes rainfall in conjunction with infinite slopes and induces shallow failure
Simplified mathematical model；Document (Xu Jiancong, Shang Yuequan, Chen Kanfu, the shallow failure stability analysis under waiting heavy rainfall to act on
[J] Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005,24 (18): 3246-3251.) have studied shallow failure stabilization under intense rainfall condition
Property coefficient and sliding surface satisfy water area than the relationship between this three with Shear Strength Index, gliding mass, establish mathematical statistics correlation
Formula；Document (Chang Jinyuan includes Wu Faquan, waits shallow failure approaching of stability [J] rock-soil mechanics under condition of raining, and 2015,
36 (4): 995-1001.) based on Green-Ampt Infiltration Model, consider the effect of flowing pressure, establishes rainfall infiltration
Under the conditions of shallow failure conceptual model, derive before rainfall with or without the slope safety coefficient and rainfall under the conditions of level of ground water
The relational expression of time；Document (CHEN Xiao-dong, GUO Hong-xian, SONG Er-xiang.Analysis
method for slope stability under rainfall action[J].Landslides and Engineered
Slopes, 2008, (7): 1507-1515.) it is established using Mein-Larson Infiltration Model in conjunction with balance method of rigid-body limit
The common-mode of Rainfall slope stability analysis.
Although there are many report for studying shallow-layer Failure of Slopes and estimation of stability, researcher, which rarely has, considers heavy rainfall item
Influence of the water flow drag to slope stability under part.This may be current shallow-layer Assessment for Stability of slope and shallow failure punishment
In conceptual design, although it is contemplated that the special operation conditions such as extreme rainfall infiltration, surface water body concentrative seepage, it is broken still to there is Failure of Slopes
Bad the reason of catastrophe even occurs.Therefore, current drag power insertion rigid Limit Equilibrium is theoretical, under intense rainfall condition
Slope shallow soil stability analyzed, contribution of the quantitative assessment current drag power to shallow-layer Failure of Slopes.Work as slope soil
In intimate critical stable state, lesser drag can but play decisive role, illustrate that current drag stress effect is not allowed to neglect
Depending on.
Summary of the invention
In order to preferably study influence of the current drag power to shallow failure stability, propose water flow to slope surface layer and soil
The drag measuring technology of body bottom improves the reliability that slope stability calculates, and the present invention provides a kind of simulation bulk solids
Slope pulls force test system and test method when slope runoff washes away, and the stability for quantitative assessment slope provides reference.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: simulation bulk solid slope drag test system when slope runoff washes away
System, including by bottom plate, side baffle, simulated slot made of fixed end-stopping plate is enclosed with lifting end-stopping plate, the mould being layed on bottom plate
Quasi- rock-soil layer and water tank；The simulated slot includes fixing end and lift side；The fixing end is fixed by trunnion axis and can be around
Trunnion axis rotation, the lift side are connected with lifting device, the height of lifting device continuously adjustable lift side in the vertical direction
Degree；Simulated slot water inlet is provided on the fixed end-stopping plate, lifting end-stopping plate is detachable installation；The water tank side wall opens up
There is water outlet of water tank corresponding with simulated slot water inlet, the setting height of water outlet of water tank is not less than the setting of simulated slot water inlet
Highly, water outlet of water tank is connected to simulated slot water inlet by pipeline, and water flow is controlled by valve, when valve is opened, in water tank
Water be able to enter in simulated slot；Overflow port is additionally provided on the water tank, the setting height of overflow port is higher than water outlet of water tank
Setting height.
Current slope stability theoretical research does not consider water flow to the drag of slope soil, this may be current shallow-layer
In Assessment for Stability of slope and the design of shallow failure Treatment Scheme, seeped although it is contemplated that extreme rainfall infiltration, surface water body are concentrated
Still there is Failure of Slopes and destroy the reason of catastrophe even occurs in the special circumstances such as leakage.
Influence for comprehensive and accurate calculating current drag power to slope stability, present applicant proposes a kind of slope soils
Surface layer and bottom water flow drag measuring technology.
For this purpose, the application has developed slope earth's surface and soil layer bottom water flow drag test dress under the conditions of a set of runoff simulation
It sets.Research is under conditions of ramp slope is certain, by adjusting the height of slope rainwash, quantitative analysis current drag power with
Relationship between runoff height；Under conditions of runoff height is certain, by adjusting ramp slope, quantitative analysis current drag power
Relationship between ramp slope.Test result shows under condition of raining that current drag power is produced when slope is in critical state
Raw decisive influence.
The application proposes the test method on slope surface layer and soil body bottom water flow drag, carries out to slope current drag power
Quantization.This test device is mainly used in the case of research various combination between rainwash, ramp slope and slope stability coefficient
Relationship:
A) stability on slope and the relationship of rainwash height are inquired into the case where other situations are all the same.
B) relationship of ramp slope and slope stability is inquired into the case where other situations are all the same.
Test result shows the oblique slope stability of intense rainfall condition and runoff height, ramp slope inversely.
Readily comprehensible, the simulated slot water inlet of fixing end of the present invention should be connected with water source, and the selection at water source is not tight
Lattice limitation, it is only necessary to guarantee that water flow can gently uniformly enter simulated slot, to realize the purpose of simulation slope runoff, therefore mould
Quasi- slot water inlet cannot be connect with equipment such as taps with pressure.For convenient for test, being preferably equipped with dedicated water storage container is mould
Quasi- slot supplies water.
We devise and the matched water tank conduct of simulated slot in the present invention in order to improve the accuracy and convenience of test
For water-borne.As shown in fig. 1, water tank side wall offers water outlet of water tank corresponding with simulated slot water inlet, water outlet of water tank
Setting height be not less than the setting height of simulated slot water inlet, water outlet of water tank is connected to simulated slot water inlet by pipeline,
Water flow is controlled by valve, and when valve is opened, the water in water tank is able to enter in simulated slot.By the adjusting of Water in Water Tanks position and
The setting position of water outlet of water tank is the flowing velocity of controllable water, to guarantee that water flow can gently uniformly enter simulation
Slot.In order to enable the water flow in water tank uniformly to flow into simulated slot, the setting height of water outlet of water tank should be not less than simulated slot
The setting height of water inlet, under simulating natural condition under the effect of gravity along the natural flows of hillslope overland flow；It is readily comprehensible,
To prevent flow velocity too fast, the setting height of water outlet of water tank can not excessively be higher than the setting height of simulated slot water inlet.
Furthermore overflow port is also arranged in we on water tank, and the effect of overflow port is to control the water level of water tank, make entire
The flow velocity all-the-time stable of water is constant in test process, with the slope runoff under more accurate simulating natural condition.In the present invention I
Overflow port is positioned above to the position of water outlet of water tank stable level can be existed in this way by the balance of water filling and overflow
The position of overflow port.It is readily comprehensible simultaneously, if fruit overflow port position is excessively higher than water outlet of water tank position, it will lead to water tank and go out
Pressure is excessive at the mouth of a river, and water outlet excessive velocities are to influence the accuracy tested.
Meanwhile the set-up mode of simulated slot water inlet should also be as guaranteeing the water flow for entering simulated slot uniform flow in simulated slot
It is dynamic, in order to simulate slope runoff.Thus simulated slot water inlet can be set to being evenly distributed on multiple on fixed end-stopping plate
Inlet opening.It is readily comprehensible, in order to realize that identical purpose can also be using other set-up modes, such as horizontally disposed seam
Shape water inlet etc..
Lifting device in the present invention should can be realized the function of driving the lifting of lift side stable and continuous, in order to accurate
The angle on slope when measurement slope soil starts to generate sliding.For example, by using lifting support described in Fig. 1, the lifting of the bracket can
It is realized using hydraulic or air pressure driving.In addition to this lifting of above-mentioned function can also be can be realized using other by being readily apparent that
Device, such as can also be using pulley blocks as lifting device.
The slope current drag power under different geological conditions can be tested using test device of the invention, and when test needs root
The laying of simulation rock-soil layer is carried out according to geological condition to be tested.Such as the present apparatus is being used for condition of raining downslope in test set
When water flow is to soil body surface layer and bottom tow power, concrete layer simulation rock stratum can be set on simulation trough floor upper berth, on concrete layer
The fracture filling between one layer of sand bedding course simulation rock and soil body contact surface is spread, one layer of silty clay simulation is re-layed on sand bedding course
Soil layer.It, can be only when only needing the drag for considering that condition of raining downslope water flow is concentrated to generate soil body surface layer according to geological conditions
Silty clay layer is laid on concrete layer.Situations such as laying depth of each layer, density and distribution, should be according to geology to be tested
Condition is laid with according to the size principle of similitude." the size principle of similitude " of the present invention is referred to according to being simulated practically
Each rock stratum and the thickness of the layer and distribution proportion, density etc. are selected and are laid with to simulation layer in matter condition.
For the ease of runoff height in measurement simulated slot, graduated scale, the setting of graduated scale can be set in simulation groove sidewall
Mode is preferably mobilizable, in order to be adjusted according to the practical laying height of simulation rock-soil layer to scale position.Such as
Sliding slot is fixed on the side wall of simulated slot, graduated scale can slide in sliding slot and fixed, the graduated scale setting of this spline structure
The largest benefit of mode is easy for the reading of runoff height.To realize that elastoplastic or rubber can be used in this function, sliding slot material
Glue etc. has the material of certain elasticity in order to clamping graduated scale." runoff height " of the present invention refers to water body or water flow
Depth.
Force test method is pulled when slope runoff washes away the invention also discloses a kind of simulation bulk solid slope, including with
Lower step:
A, experimental site is chosen, the simulation bulk solid slope of the invention drag test system when slope runoff washes away is installed
System；
B, simulation rock-soil layer is laid according to geological conditions to be tested, is then filled the water into water tank, until water flooding overflows
Then head piece opens overflow port, while continuing to fill the water, and Water in Water Tanks position is made to keep balancing in overflow port position；
C, hydrostatic is tested: adjusting simulated slot to being horizontally arranged by lifting device, then opening valve makes the water in water tank
It flows into simulated slot, so that simulation rock-soil layer surface layer is reached runoff height to be tested, close valve immediately；
D, lifting device is adjusted, tilts down lift side slowly, until when simulation rock-soil layer just slides at once
Stop adjustment lifting device, and measures the inclination angle alpha of simulated slot at this time；
E, move water experiment: reduction and simulation slot is to horizontal positioned and lay simulation ground according to mode identical with step B
Layer, then opening valve flows into the water in water tank in simulated slot, and simulation rock-soil layer surface layer is made to reach runoff identical with step C
Highly；
F, remove lifting end-stopping plate, while adjusting lifting device, tilt down lift side slowly, valve should be kept in the process
Door is in an open state and adjusts injection flow so that the holding of runoff height is basically unchanged, until simulation rock-soil layer just slides
When stop adjustment lifting device at once, and measure the inclination angle beta of simulated slot at this time；
G, water flow is calculated to the drag of slope soil according to experimental result.
The drag survey when slope runoff washes away using simulation bulk solid slope of the invention can be realized using this method
Test system carries out measurement of the water flow to the drag of slope soil.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the simulation bulk solid slope of the invention drag test system when slope runoff washes away
System and test method are suitable for the more slow slope current drag power measurement of intense rainfall condition descending slope.To quantify intense rainfall condition
Influence of the lower water flow to slope soil unstability optimizes the oblique slope stability quantitative evaluation method of existing condition of raining.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the structural representation of force test system is pulled on the simulation bulk solid slope of embodiment one when slope runoff washes away
Figure.
Fig. 2 is that the structural representation of force test system is pulled on the simulation bulk solid slope of embodiment two when slope runoff washes away
Figure.
Fig. 3 is graduated scale mounting structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is hydrostatic experiment condition downslope earth stress analysis chart.
Fig. 5 is water experiment condition downslope earth stress analysis chart.
In the figure, it is marked as 1- simulated slot, the fixed end-stopping plate of 101-, 102- go up and down end-stopping plate, 103- bottom plate, 104- side block
Plate, 2- trunnion axis, 3- simulated slot water inlet, 4- water tank, 5- water outlet of water tank, 6- pipeline, 7- valve, 8- overflow port, 9- lifting
Bracket, 10- graduated scale, 11- sliding slot, 12- concrete layer, 13- sand bedding course, 14- silty clay, the self weight of G- slope soil, F- soil
Pressure of the body surface face water flow to slope soil, FfLower layer's rock mass measures the frictional force of slope soil under the conditions of α-smooth water test
Simulated slot tilt angle, β-moves the simulated slot tilt angle that measures under the conditions of water test, FdCurrent drag power, FNLower layer's rock
Holding power of the body to slope soil, pressure of the P- water to lifting end-stopping plate.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows, the simulation bulk solid slope of the invention drag test system when slope runoff washes away
System, including by bottom plate 103, side baffle 104, fixed end-stopping plate 101 and simulated slot 1 made of the lifting enclosing of end-stopping plate 102 and use
In the water tank 4 to supply water to simulated slot 1 and the simulation rock-soil layer being layed on bottom plate 103, the simulated slot 1 include fixing end and
Lift side, the fixing end is fixed by trunnion axis 2 and can rotate around trunnion axis 2, the lift side and the liter being hydraulically operated
Descending branch frame 9 is connected；Simulated slot water inlet 3 is provided on the fixed end-stopping plate 101, the simulated slot water inlet 3 is uniformly to divide
Multiple inlet openings of the cloth on fixed end-stopping plate 101.Going up and down end-stopping plate 102 is detachable installation.4 side wall of water tank offers
The setting height of water outlet of water tank 5 corresponding with simulated slot water inlet 3, water outlet of water tank 5 is slightly above setting for simulated slot water inlet 3
Height is set, water outlet of water tank 5 is connected to simulated slot water inlet 3 by pipeline 6, and water flow is controlled by valve 7, when valve 7 is opened,
Water in water tank 4 is able to enter in simulated slot 1；Overflow port 8 is additionally provided on water tank 4, the setting height of overflow port 8 is higher than water tank
The setting height of water outlet 5.Sliding slot 11 is provided on the side wall of simulated slot 1, for measuring the quarter of runoff height in simulated slot 1
Degree ruler 10 can slide in sliding slot 11 and clamping.
Embodiment one:
Force test system is pulled when slope runoff washes away using simulation bulk solid slope of the invention according to the following steps
Concentration condition of raining downslope water flow is measured the drag on soil body surface layer and bottom.
(1) experimental site is chosen, above-mentioned simulation bulk solid slope drag test system when slope runoff washes away is installed
System.
(2) concrete layer 12 is laid with according to the size principle of similitude on 1 bottom plate 103 of simulated slot according to geological conditions to be tested
Rock stratum is simulated, the fracture filling being laid on concrete layer 12 between one layer of simulation rock stratum of sand bedding course 13 and soil layer contact surface, In
It is laid with one layer of silty clay layer 14 on sand bedding course 13 and simulates soil layer；10 position of graduated scale is adjusted after the completion of being laid with, and makes graduated scale 10
Start index is aligned with the surface layer of silty clay layer 14；Then it is filled the water into water tank 4, until water flooding overflow port 8, then beats
Overflow port 8 is opened, while continuing to fill the water, water level in water tank 4 is made to keep balancing in 8 position of overflow port.
(3) hydrostatic is tested: being adjusted simulated slot 1 to being horizontally arranged by lifting support 9, is then passed through simulated slot water inlet 3
It is filled the water into simulated slot 1,1 soil body surface layer of simulated slot is made to reach runoff height to be tested, close valve 7 immediately.
(4) lifting support 9 is adjusted, tilts down lift side slowly, until silty clay layer 14 is just sent out in simulated slot 1
Stop adjustment lifting support 9 when raw sliding at once, and measures the inclination angle alpha of simulated slot 1 at this time.
(5) move water experiment: reduction and simulation slot 1 is to horizontal positioned and be laid with simulation rock according to mode identical with step (2)
Then soil layer is filled the water into simulated slot 1 by simulated slot water inlet 3,1 soil body surface layer of simulated slot is made to reach identical as step (3)
Runoff height.
(6) remove lifting end-stopping plate 102, while adjusting lifting support 9, tilt down lift side slowly, during being somebody's turn to do
It keeps valve 7 to be in an open state and adjusts injection flow so that the holding of runoff height is basically unchanged, until silty is glutinous in simulated slot 1
Stop adjustment lifting support 9 when soil layer 14 just slides at once, and measures the inclination angle beta of simulated slot 1 at this time.
(7) water flow is calculated to the drag of slope soil according to experimental result.
Embodiment two:
Force test system is pulled when slope runoff washes away using simulation bulk solid slope of the invention according to the following steps
Concentration condition of raining downslope water flow is measured the drag on soil body surface layer.
(1) experimental site is chosen, above-mentioned simulation bulk solid slope drag test system when slope runoff washes away is installed
System.
(2) concrete layer 12 is laid with according to the size principle of similitude on 1 bottom plate 103 of simulated slot according to geological conditions to be tested
Rock stratum is simulated, one layer of silty clay layer 14 is laid on concrete layer 12 and simulates soil layer；Adjustment 10, graduated scale after the completion of being laid with
It sets, is aligned 10 start index of graduated scale with the surface layer of silty clay 14；Then it is filled the water into water tank 4, until water flooding overflows
Then head piece 8 opens overflow port 8, while continuing to fill the water, water level in water tank 4 is made to keep balancing in 8 position of overflow port.
(3) hydrostatic is tested: being adjusted simulated slot 1 to being horizontally arranged by lifting support 9, is then passed through simulated slot water inlet 3
It is filled the water into simulated slot 1,1 soil body surface layer of simulated slot is made to reach runoff height to be tested, close valve 7 immediately.
(4) lifting support 9 is adjusted, tilts down lift side slowly, until silty clay layer 14 is just sent out in simulated slot 1
Stop adjustment lifting support 9 when raw sliding at once, and measures the inclination angle alpha of simulated slot 1 at this time.
(5) move water experiment: reduction and simulation slot 1 is to horizontal positioned and be laid with simulation rock according to mode identical with step (2)
Then soil layer is filled the water into simulated slot 1 by simulated slot water inlet 3,1 soil body surface layer of simulated slot is made to reach identical as step (3)
Runoff height.
(6) remove lifting end-stopping plate 102, while adjusting lifting support 9, tilt down lift side slowly, during being somebody's turn to do
It keeps valve 7 to be in an open state and adjusts injection flow so that the holding of runoff height is basically unchanged, until silty is glutinous in simulated slot 1
Stop adjustment lifting support 9 when soil layer 14 just slides at once, and measures the inclination angle beta of simulated slot 1 at this time.
(7) water flow is calculated to the drag of slope soil according to experimental result.
Calculation method:
It is put down by carrying out power to slope soil (soil body refers to silty clay layer in example 1 and example 2)
Weighing apparatus analysis, substitutes into calculated frictional resistance F under the conditions of smooth water testf, to calculate water flow to the drag F of slope soild。
Force analysis difference of the slope soil under hydrostatic experiment and dynamic water experiment condition is as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5.
Drag calculation formula is as follows:
In formula:
G represents slope soil self weight,
F represents soil body surface water flow to the pressure of slope soil,
FfRepresent lower layer's rock mass to the frictional force of slope soil (indicate in example 1 silty clay layer and sand bedding course it
Between frictional force, indicate concrete layer to the frictional force of silty clay layer in example 2),
α represents the simulated slot tilt angle measured under the conditions of smooth water test,
β represents the simulated slot tilt angle measured under the conditions of dynamic water test,
FdRepresent current drag power (indicates the towing that water flow generates silty clay layer surface layer and bottom in example 1
Power indicates the drag that water flow generates silty clay layer surface layer in example 2).
Claims (5)
1. force test method is pulled on simulation bulk solid slope when slope runoff washes away, comprising the following steps:
A, experimental site is chosen, force test system is pulled on installation simulation bulk solid slope when slope runoff washes away；The simulation
It includes by bottom plate (103), side baffle (104), fixing end gear that force test system is pulled on bulk solid slope, which when slope runoff washes away,
Plate (101) and lifting end-stopping plate (102) enclose made of simulated slot (1), the simulation rock-soil layer being layed on bottom plate (103) and
Water tank (4)；The simulated slot (1) includes fixing end and lift side；The fixing end is fixed by trunnion axis (2) and can be around level
Axis (2) rotation, the lift side are connected with lifting device, the height of lifting device continuously adjustable lift side in the vertical direction
Degree；It is provided with simulated slot water inlet (3) on the fixed end-stopping plate (101), lifting end-stopping plate (102) is detachable installation；Institute
It states water tank (4) side wall and offers water outlet of water tank (5) corresponding with simulated slot water inlet (3), the setting of water outlet of water tank (5) is high
Degree is not less than the setting height of simulated slot water inlet (3), and water outlet of water tank (5) and simulated slot water inlet (3) are connected by pipeline (6)
Logical, water flow is controlled by valve (7), and when valve (7) is opened, the water in water tank (4) is able to enter in simulated slot (1)；The water
It is additionally provided on case (4) overflow port (8), the setting height of overflow port (8) is higher than the setting height of water outlet of water tank (5)；
B, the simulation rock-soil layer is laid according to geological conditions to be tested, the then water filling into water tank (4), until water flooding
Overflow port (8) then opens overflow port (8), while continuing to fill the water, and water level in water tank (4) is made to keep putting down in overflow port (8) position
Weighing apparatus；
C, hydrostatic is tested: adjusting simulated slot (1) to being horizontally arranged by lifting device, then opening valve (7) makes in water tank (4)
Water flow into simulated slot (1) in, make simulate rock-soil layer surface layer reach runoff height to be tested, immediately close valve (7)；
D, lifting device is adjusted, tilts down lift side slowly, until simulation rock-soil layer stops at once when just sliding
Lifting device is adjusted, and measures the inclination angle alpha of simulated slot (1) at this time；
E, move water experiment: reduction and simulation slot (1) is extremely horizontal positioned and lays simulation ground according to mode identical with step B
Layer, then opening valve (7) flows into the water in water tank (4) in simulated slot (1), reaches simulation rock-soil layer surface layer and step C
Identical runoff height；
F, remove lifting end-stopping plate (102), while adjusting lifting device, tilt down lift side slowly, should keep in the process
Valve (7) is in an open state and adjusts injection flow so that the holding of runoff height is basically unchanged, until simulation rock-soil layer is just sent out
Stop adjustment lifting device when raw sliding at once, and measures the inclination angle beta of simulated slot (1) at this time；
G, water flow is calculated to the drag of slope soil according to experimental result；
Drag calculation formula is as follows:
In formula:
G represents slope soil self weight,
F represents soil body surface water flow to the pressure of slope soil,
FfLower layer's rock mass is represented to the frictional force of slope soil,
α represents the simulated slot tilt angle measured under the conditions of smooth water test,
β represents the simulated slot tilt angle measured under the conditions of dynamic water test,
FdRepresent current drag power.
2. simulation bulk solid slope according to claim 1 pulls force test method, feature when slope runoff washes away
Be: the simulated slot water inlet (3) is the multiple inlet openings being evenly distributed on fixed end-stopping plate (101).
3. simulation bulk solid slope according to claim 1 pulls force test method, feature when slope runoff washes away
Be: the lifting device is lifting support (9).
4. simulation bulk solid slope towing when slope runoff washes away described in any claim according to claim 1~3
Force test method, it is characterised in that: simulation rock-soil layer described in step B includes the coagulation being layed on simulated slot (1) bottom plate (103)
Soil layer (12), the sand bedding course (13) being layed on concrete layer (12), the silty clay layer (14) being layed on sand bedding course (13).
5. simulation bulk solid slope towing when slope runoff washes away described in any claim according to claim 1~3
Force test method, it is characterised in that: simulation rock-soil layer described in step B includes the coagulation being layed on simulated slot (1) bottom plate (103)
Soil layer (12), the silty clay layer (14) being layed on concrete layer (12).
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