CN108754057B - Device for separating pre-reduced iron-containing material and application thereof - Google Patents
Device for separating pre-reduced iron-containing material and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108754057B CN108754057B CN201810633104.4A CN201810633104A CN108754057B CN 108754057 B CN108754057 B CN 108754057B CN 201810633104 A CN201810633104 A CN 201810633104A CN 108754057 B CN108754057 B CN 108754057B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for separating pre-reduced iron-containing materials and application thereof.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a device for separating pre-reduced iron-containing materials and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of metallurgical engineering.
Background art:
blast furnace ironmaking is the most mature and efficient molten iron production technology in the world today. The blast furnace molten iron yield accounts for more than 85% of the world pig iron yield, but blast furnace ironmaking has the problems of long process flow, high coke dependence, large environmental pollution and the like, and in order to reduce the pollution and emission-free level of the traditional ironmaking process, a clean and environment-friendly non-blast furnace ironmaking technology which does not depend on coking coal must be developed.
A two-step non-blast furnace ironmaking process based on coal-based reduction is developed for metallurgy workers, but pre-reduced iron-containing materials generated after coal-based reduction are mostly used for obtaining molten iron by an electric furnace melting method, a three-phase alternating current arc furnace and a submerged arc furnace are typical, the method is high in power consumption, and meanwhile, energy recycling cannot be achieved in a system. Meanwhile, because the furnace cylinder is circular, single-row air ports are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, oxygen and coal powder are blown through the air ports in the smelting process, although the combustion temperature in front of the air ports is up to more than 2000 ℃, a small amount of coal powder still has no combustion reaction due to extremely high blowing speed and escapes into the upper space of the melting furnace through pores of a coke layer, so that an air port has to be additionally arranged in the upper space of the melting furnace to ensure complete gasification of the coal powder and reduce the amount of unburned coal powder, and thus the airflow distribution in the upper space of the melting furnace is easy to be disordered. In addition, as the circular furnace hearth is adopted, the circular furnace hearth has serious scouring and erosion effects on refractory materials of the furnace hearth due to the circulation of molten iron in the furnace hearth during the slag discharging and tapping processes.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve one of the technical problems, and provides a device for separating pre-reduced iron-containing materials and an application thereof, wherein the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a device for separating pre-reduced iron-containing materials is characterized by being of a vertical rectangle, the device is divided into three sections from a furnace top to a furnace bottom, the uppermost end of the device is a coal gas gathering area (4) of the furnace top, a feed opening (1) and a flue gas outlet (11) are respectively connected with the coal gas gathering area (4) of the furnace top, the lower portion of the coal gas gathering area is a middle molten pool area (5), an upper exhaust opening (2) and a lower exhaust opening (3) are both connected with the middle molten pool area (5), the lower portion of the middle molten pool area (5) is a slag gathering area (6) and is connected with a slag opening (9), the lower portion of the slag gathering area (6) is a molten iron gathering area (7), an iron opening (10) is connected with the molten iron gathering area (7), the lower portion of the molten iron gathering area (7) is a dead iron layer (8), the upper exhaust opening (2) and the lower exhaust opening (3) are both distributed on the long side of a rectangular furnace, and the upper exhaust, the lower air outlets (3) are provided with 3-5 air outlets, the number of the upper air outlets (2) is 1 less than that of the lower air outlets (3), the taphole (10) and the slag hole (9) are respectively arranged on the wide side of the rectangular furnace, and the horizontal height of the taphole (10) is lower than that of the slag hole (9).
Further, the method is characterized in that pre-reduction of iron-containing materials, flux, coal powder and oxygen is carried out in a smelting furnace, and the application steps are as follows:
step (1): conveying the pre-reduced iron-containing material and the flux to a middle smelting tank area (5) in the smelting furnace through a feed opening (1) at the top of the smelting furnace, spraying coal powder and oxygen into the middle smelting tank area (5) through a lower air outlet (3), and spraying oxygen into the middle smelting tank area (5) through an upper air outlet (2);
step (2), heating and melting: the coal powder and oxygen injected from the lower air outlet (3) are subjected to incomplete combustion reaction in the middle smelting pool area (5) to form reducing gas CO, the oxygen injected from the upper air outlet (2) is subjected to incomplete combustion reaction with the rest coal powder which is not subjected to combustion reaction in the middle smelting pool area (5) to form reducing gas CO, the pre-reduced iron-containing material is heated and reduced after passing through the gas gathering area (4) and entering the middle smelting pool area (5), the flux is heated after passing through the gas gathering area (4) and entering the middle smelting pool area (5), and finally the pre-reduced iron-containing material and gangue are melted together to form slag. After the reduction, melting and slagging are completed in the middle smelting pool area (5), molten iron and slag are generated, an upper coal gas gathering area (4), a middle smelting pool area (5), a slag gathering area (6), a molten iron gathering area (7) and a dead iron layer (8) are formed in the furnace from top to bottom, slag is discharged through a slag hole (9) formed in the slag gathering area (6), and iron is discharged through an iron hole (10) formed in the molten iron gathering area (7);
and (4) allowing tail gas generated after melting and separating in the step (3) to escape from a flue gas outlet (11) at the top of the smelting furnace.
Further, it is characterized in that: the granularity of the pre-reduced iron-containing material is less than 8mm, the granularity of the pulverized coal is less than 50 meshes, and the purity of the oxygen is more than 99%.
Further, it is characterized in that: the temperature of the pre-reduced iron-containing material is not higher than 1300 ℃ and not lower than 900 ℃.
Further, it is characterized in that: and the lower air outlet mixes and sprays oxygen and coal powder, the mole ratio (C/O) of the fixed carbon content in the coal powder and the oxygen is controlled to be less than 1, and the upper air outlet sprays oxygen.
Further, the melting furnace is characterized in that the upper and lower air outlets are always immersed in the middle melting pool area in the melting process.
Further, it is characterized in that the binary basicity of the slag is between 0.9 and 1.2.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a three-stage rectangular smelting furnace according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side tuyere arrangement view of the three-stage rectangular melting furnace of the present invention;
wherein, 1 feed opening, 2 last air outlets, 3 lower air outlets, 4 coal gas gathering areas, 5 middle melting tank areas, 6 slag gathering areas, 7 molten iron gathering areas, 8 dead iron layers, 9 slag holes, 10 iron holes and 11 flue gas outlets.
Example 1
A device for separating pre-reduced iron-containing materials and application thereof, which adopts the pre-reduced iron-containing materials, a fusing agent, coal powder and oxygen to be carried out in a smelting furnace, wherein the smelting furnace has the following characteristics: the furnace is divided into three sections from the furnace top to the furnace bottom, the uppermost end is a gas gathering area (4) of the furnace top, a lower discharge port (1) and a flue gas outlet (11) are respectively connected with the gas gathering area (4) of the furnace top, the lower part of the gas gathering area is a middle molten pool area (5), an upper discharge port (2) and a lower discharge port (3) are both connected with the middle molten pool area (5), the lower part of the middle molten pool area (5) is a slag gathering area (6) and is connected with a slag port (9), the lower part of the slag gathering area (6) is a molten iron gathering area (7), an iron port (10) is connected with the molten iron gathering area (7), the lower part of the molten iron gathering area (7) is a dead iron layer (8), the upper discharge port (2) and the lower discharge port (3) are uniformly distributed on the long sides of the rectangular furnace, the upper discharge port (2) is provided with 2 discharge ports, the lower discharge port (3) is provided with 3 discharge ports, and the number of the, the centers of the upper air outlets (2) and the middle point of the center connecting line of the two adjacent lower air outlets are positioned on the same line, the taphole (10) and the slag hole (9) are respectively arranged on the wide side of the rectangular furnace, and the horizontal height of the taphole (10) is lower than that of the slag hole (9).
The application steps are as follows:
step (1): and respectively and fluidly connecting the pre-reduced iron-containing material and the flux, and the coal powder, the oxygen and the oxygen to a feed opening (1), an upper air outlet (2) and a lower air outlet (3) at the top of the smelting furnace.
Step (2), heating and melting: the coal powder and oxygen injected from the lower air outlet (3) are subjected to incomplete combustion reaction in the middle smelting pool area (5) to form reducing gas CO, the oxygen injected from the upper air outlet (2) is subjected to incomplete combustion reaction with the rest coal powder which is not subjected to combustion reaction in the middle smelting pool area (5) to form reducing gas CO, the pre-reduced iron-containing material is heated and reduced after passing through the gas gathering area (4) and entering the middle smelting pool area (5), the flux is heated after passing through the gas gathering area (4) and entering the middle smelting pool area (5), and finally the pre-reduced iron-containing material and gangue are melted together to form slag. After the reduction, melting and slagging are completed in the middle smelting pool area (5), molten iron and slag are generated, an upper coal gas gathering area (4), a middle smelting pool area (5), a slag gathering area (6), a molten iron gathering area (7) and a dead iron layer (8) are formed in the furnace from top to bottom, slag is discharged through a slag hole (9) formed in the slag gathering area (6), and iron is discharged through an iron hole (10) formed in the molten iron gathering area (7).
(3) The tail gas generated after melting and separating escapes from a flue gas outlet (11) at the top of the smelting furnace.
Wherein the granularity of the pre-reduced iron-containing material is less than 5mm, the granularity of the coal powder is less than 50 meshes, and the purity of the oxygen is more than 99 percent; the temperature of pre-reducing the iron-containing material is 1200 ℃; the lower air outlet mixes and blows oxygen and coal powder, the mole ratio (C/O) of the fixed carbon content in the coal powder and the oxygen is controlled to be less than 1, and the upper air outlet blows oxygen. The upper and lower rows of air ports are always immersed in the middle melting pool area in the melting process.
By controlling the metallization rate of the pre-reduction furnace material at 70%, the charging temperature at 1100 ℃, the coal injection amount between 400 and 800kg and the slag alkalinity of 1.05, the molten iron which meets the steel-making requirement and has the temperature of 1500 ℃ can be obtained.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The application of the device for separating the pre-reduced iron-containing material is characterized in that the pre-reduced iron-containing material, a fusing agent, coal powder and oxygen are adopted and carried out in a smelting furnace, and the application process comprises the following steps:
step (1): conveying the pre-reduced iron-containing material and the flux to a middle smelting tank area (5) in the smelting furnace through a feed opening (1) at the top of the smelting furnace, spraying coal powder and oxygen into the middle smelting tank area (5) through a lower air outlet (3), and spraying oxygen into the middle smelting tank area (5) through an upper air outlet (2);
step (2), heating and melting: coal powder and oxygen injected from the lower air outlet (3) are subjected to incomplete combustion reaction in the middle smelting pool area (5) to form reducing gas CO, oxygen injected from the upper air outlet (2) is subjected to incomplete combustion reaction with the rest coal powder which is not subjected to combustion reaction in the middle smelting pool area (5) to form reducing gas CO, pre-reduced iron-containing materials are heated and reduced after passing through the coal gas gathering area (4) and entering the middle smelting pool area (5), a flux is heated after passing through the coal gas gathering area (4) and entering the middle smelting pool area (5), and finally the pre-reduced iron-containing materials and gangue in the coal powder are melted together to form slag; after the reduction, melting and slagging are completed in the middle smelting pool area (5), molten iron and slag are generated, an upper coal gas gathering area (4), a middle smelting pool area (5), a slag gathering area (6), a molten iron gathering area (7) and a dead iron layer (8) are formed in the furnace from top to bottom, slag is discharged through a slag hole (9) formed in the slag gathering area (6), and iron is discharged through an iron hole (10) formed in the molten iron gathering area (7);
tail gas generated after melting and separating in the step (3) escapes from a flue gas outlet (11) at the top of the smelting furnace;
the device is a vertical rectangle and is divided into three sections from the furnace top to the furnace bottom, the uppermost end is a gas gathering area (4) of the furnace top, a feed opening (1) and a flue gas outlet (11) are respectively connected with the gas gathering area (4) of the furnace top, the lower part of the gas gathering area is a middle molten pool area (5), an upper exhaust opening (2) and a lower exhaust opening (3) are both connected with the middle molten pool area (5), the lower part of the middle molten pool area (5) is a slag gathering area (6) and is connected with a slag opening (9), the lower part of the slag gathering area (6) is a molten iron gathering area (7), an iron opening (10) is connected with the molten iron gathering area (7), the lower part of the molten iron gathering area (7) is a dead iron layer (8), the upper exhaust opening (2) and the lower exhaust opening (3) are both distributed on the long side of the rectangular furnace, the upper exhaust opening (2) is provided with 2-4 exhaust openings, the lower exhaust opening (3, the number of the upper air outlets (2) is 1 less than that of the lower air outlets (3), the iron notch (10) and the slag notch (9) are respectively arranged on the wide side of the rectangular furnace, and the horizontal height of the iron notch (10) is lower than that of the slag notch (9);
in the application process of the device for separating the pre-reduced iron-containing material,
the temperature of the pre-reduced iron-containing material is not higher than 1300 ℃ and not lower than 900 ℃;
the lower air outlet mixes and sprays oxygen and coal powder, the mole ratio (C/O) of the fixed carbon content and oxygen in the coal powder is controlled to be less than 1, and the upper air outlet sprays oxygen;
the upper and lower rows of air ports are always immersed in the middle molten pool area in the melting process;
the binary basicity of the slag is between 0.9 and 1.2.
2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the granularity of the pre-reduced iron-containing material is less than 8mm, the granularity of the pulverized coal is less than 50 meshes, and the purity of the oxygen is more than 99%.
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| CN108754057B true CN108754057B (en) | 2020-04-24 |
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| CN1099418A (en) * | 1994-08-02 | 1995-03-01 | 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 | Method and device of reduction iron-smelting for cold-coagulated carboniferous briquet |
| AT406380B (en) * | 1996-03-05 | 2000-04-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | METHOD FOR PRODUCING LIQUID GUT IRON OR LIQUID STEEL PRE-PRODUCTS AND SYSTEM FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
| AT407053B (en) * | 1997-07-04 | 2000-12-27 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A METAL MELT IN A MELTING-UP CARBURETOR USING FINE COAL |
| CN104946841A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-09-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Process for making iron by virtue of COREX furnace |
| CN104212930B (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-06-22 | 钢研晟华工程技术有限公司 | A kind of BAOSHEREX iron-smelting process of two-step smelting molten iron |
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