CN101838747B - Smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore - Google Patents
Smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN101838747B CN101838747B CN200910244194A CN200910244194A CN101838747B CN 101838747 B CN101838747 B CN 101838747B CN 200910244194 A CN200910244194 A CN 200910244194A CN 200910244194 A CN200910244194 A CN 200910244194A CN 101838747 B CN101838747 B CN 101838747B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore, comprising a furnace body, a gunjet for top combustion, a side-blown jugjet and an electrode. A hearth is limited in the furnace body; a smelting bath is arranged at the lower part of the hearth, and the furnace body is provided with a charging hole for adding materials to the hearth, a smoke outlet, a nickel outlet and a dreg outlet; the lower end of the gunjet for top combustion extends from the top of the furnace body to the hearth and is located at the upper side of the smelting bath and sprays pulverized coal and oxygen to the upper part of the hearth towards the smelting bath; the side-blown gunjet extends from the lateral side of the furnace body to the smelting bath to spray the pulverized coal and oxygen; and the lower end of the electrode extends to the smelting bath to heat the melt in the smelting bath and clarify and separate dregs from nickel and ferrum. The smelting furnace for the nickel-bearing laterite ore has the advantages of low cost and energy consumption, good operating environment, low pollution and simple process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore, especially relate to top combustion of a kind of oxygen enrichment and side-blown smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore.
Background technology
Nickel is a kind of broad-spectrum non-ferrous metal.The production of nickel mainly comprises two kinds of pyrogenic process and wet methods.Wherein pyrogenic process production nickel mainly comprises electrosmelting and blast furnace smelting.
Electrosmelting uses the heated by electrodes nickel ores, with coal as reductive agent.And, before adding electrosmelting, need to use rotary kiln that nickel ores is carried out pre-treatment, nickel ores is processed calcining, add electric furnace then and carry out retailoring.Electrosmelting need consume a large amount of electric energy, so energy consumption and cost height, need use the rotary kiln pre-treatment in addition, and facility investment is big, and whole melting technology is complicated.
Blast furnace smelting is to use coke that the required heat of fusing nickel minerals is provided and is used as reductive agent.And nickel ores need be carried out sintering with sinter machine before adding blast furnace smelting.Because the cost of coke is high, therefore cause the cost of blast furnace smelting high, and operating environment is poor, seriously polluted.And sintering also consumes a large amount of energy, and environment is poor, and is seriously polluted, and causes whole melting technology complicated.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve at least one of technical problem that exists in the prior art.For this reason, one object of the present invention is to propose a kind of smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore, utilizes this smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore, and cost and energy consumption are low, good operational environment, pollution is low, technology is simple.
Smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore according to the embodiment of the invention comprises: body of heater, and said body of heater inside defines burner hearth, and the bottom of said burner hearth is the molten bath, and said body of heater is provided with the charging opening, the smoke outlet that are used in burner hearth, adding materials, goes out nickel mouth and slag notch; Top combustion spray gun, the lower end of said top combustion spray gun stretch in the burner hearth from the body of heater top and be positioned at the top, molten bath with towards the molten bath to fine coal and oxygen are sprayed into upper furnace; Side-blown spray gun, said side-blown spray gun stretch into from the side of body of heater in the molten bath in the molten bath, to spray into fine coal and oxygen; And electrode, thereby the lower end of said electrode is stretched in the molten bath with the melt clarification in the heating molten bath and is separated slag and nickel, iron.
According to the smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore of the embodiment of the invention, through top blast fine coal and oxygen in burner hearth, melting materials capable is provided, keeps temperature and the required heat of reduction reaction in the burner hearth; The fine coal of side-blown is most of as reductive agent, and few part and oxygen reaction need not with rotary kiln pre-treatment mineral aggregate; Reduced cost and energy consumption, technology is simple, and; Through heated by electrodes the nickel, iron and the slag that restore are clarified, separating nickel, iron and slag have lowered the nickel in the waste, iron level better.In addition, according to smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore of the present invention, adopt fine coal as reductive agent and fuel, so cost further reduce.
In addition, the smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore according to the embodiment of the invention also has following additional technical feature:
Said charging opening and smoke outlet are located at the top of body of heater.
Above side-blown spray gun, on sidewall of the furnace body, be provided with the overfiren air port that is used for blasting oxygen rich gas to upper furnace.
Above overfiren air port, said side wall of furnace is provided with the tertiary air orifice that is used for blasting to upper furnace air.
Through overfiren air port and tertiary air orifice are set; Can the abundant burns oxygen of the carbon monoxide in the flue gas be changed into carbonic acid gas, and emit heat, make that the carbon monoxide composition in the flue gas of discharging body of heater reduces; Reduced the pollution of environment and the harm of follow-up equipment (for example waste heat boiler); Simplified flue gas treatment scheme and facility, the clean-burning heat of flue gas has reduced the energy consumption of technology through the recovery of waste heat boiler.
Said body of heater is L shaped, and wherein said electrode is positioned at from highly relatively little body of heater one side.
Said smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore also further comprises the lifting device that is used to go up and down electrode.
The lifting device electrode that can go up and down immerses in the molten bath to guarantee the electrode lower end.
Said smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore further comprises the waste heat boiler of the waste heat that is used for reclaiming flue gas of linking to each other with smoke outlet.
Utilize waste heat boiler to reclaim the waste heat in the high-temperature flue gas, can recycle, improved efficiency of cycling economy, cut down the consumption of energy.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage part in the following description provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize through practice of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage obviously with are easily understood becoming the description of embodiment from combining figs, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation according to the smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 be among Fig. 1 A-A to sectional view;
Fig. 3 be among Fig. 1 B-B to sectional view; With
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of the smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore shown in Fig. 1, has wherein omitted electrode.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of said embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein identical from start to finish or similar label is represented identical or similar elements or the element with identical or similar functions.Be exemplary through the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings below, only be used to explain the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
In description of the invention; The orientation of indications such as term " on ", D score, top ", " end " or position relation are for based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relation; only be for the ease of describing the present invention rather than requiring the present invention therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention with specific azimuth configuration and operation.
To combine accompanying drawing to describe smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore in detail below according to the embodiment of the invention.
Smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore comprises body of heater 1, top combustion spray gun 2, side-blown spray gun 3 and electrode 4 according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, body of heater 1 inside defines burner hearth, and the bottom of burner hearth is the molten bath, and body of heater 1 is provided with charging opening 11, smoke outlet 12, goes out nickel mouth 13 and slag notch 14.
As shown in Figure 4, the top of body of heater 1 is formed with top combustion spray gun jack 17, and the top that top combustion spray gun jack 17 stretches in the burner hearth from body of heater 1 top and is positioned at the molten bath is passed in the lower end of top combustion spray gun 2.Side-blown spray gun 3 passes and is formed on body of heater 1 lateral side-blown spray gun jack and stretches in the molten bath from the side of body of heater 1.The lower end of electrode 4 is for example stretched in the molten bath from the top of body of heater 1, and the melt in 4 pairs of molten baths of electrode carries out electrically heated, thereby clarification separates slag and the nickel, the iron that restore.
According to an example of the present invention, on the sidewall of body of heater 1, overfiren air port 15 can be set, overfiren air port 15 is positioned at side-blown spray gun 3 tops, can be used for blasting oxygen rich gas to upper furnace.In another example of the present invention, on the sidewall of body of heater 1, tertiary air orifice 16 can also be set.Tertiary air orifice 16 is positioned at the top of overfiren air port 15, for example is used for blasting air to upper furnace.The oxygen that blasts upper furnace through overfiren air port 15 and tertiary air orifice 16 can change into the abundant burns oxygen of the carbon monoxide in the flue gas carbonic acid gas and emit heat; Thereby the carbon monoxide in the minimizing flue gas; Reduce thus the for example harm of waste heat boiler of follow-up equipment, simplified flue gas treatment scheme and facility.Flue gas fully burns liberated heat through the waste heat boiler recovery, has reduced process energy consumption.
More specifically, as shown in Figure 1, the body of heater 1 of smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore is a cardinal principle L type.Charging opening 11 on the body of heater 1 is located at the top of body of heater 1, is used in burner hearth, adding materials, and material for example comprises red soil nickel ore and flux.Smoke outlet 12 is located at body of heater 1 top, is used for discharging the high-temperature flue gas in the burner hearth.Go out nickel mouth 13 and be located at the lower sidewall of body of heater 1, be used for discharging and reduced and isolated nickel and iron.Slag notch 14 is located at the lower sidewall of body of heater 1 and is higher than nickel mouth 13, is used to discharge waste.As shown in Figure 1, go out the relative both sides that nickel mouth 13 and slag notch 14 are respectively formed at body of heater 1.Advantageously; Go out nickel mouth 13 and can be formed on the lower side (right side among Fig. 1) of body of heater height that electrode 4 belongs to simultaneously with slag notch 14; Clarify the influence that isolating nickel, iron and slag can not receive top blast and side-blown through electrode 4 electrically heated thus; Thereby discharge nickel, iron and waste better, reduce nickel, iron level in the waste.
For example; Shown in Fig. 1-3; In the burner hearth of body of heater 1 inside, be broadly divided into three zones; Be positioned at the secondary reaction district C1 at the higher position of L type body of heater 1, the reduction zone C2 (part in molten bath) that be positioned at secondary reaction district below relative, and the settling section C3 (part in molten bath) adjacent with reduction zone C2 with it.Settling section C3 and reduction zone C2 constitute the molten bath, and wherein the top of settling section C3 and secondary reaction district C1 can become the top of burner hearth, and the bottom of burner hearth is the molten bath that settling section C3 and reduction zone C2 constitute.The lower end of top combustion spray gun 2 is positioned at reduction zone C2 top and side-blown spray gun 3 is inserted into reduction zone C2, and electrode 4 is inserted in the settling section C3.
Shown in Fig. 1～Fig. 4, after stretching in the burner hearth, the lower end of the top at body of heater 1 top combustion spray gun 2 is positioned at the top, molten bath, fine coal and oxygen are sprayed into upper furnace towards the molten bath.For example, pressurized air capable of using sprays into fine coal in the burner hearth through top combustion spray gun 2, and combustion spray gun 2 in top can move up and down through top combustion gun lifting device 21, so as the height of adjustment top combustion spray gun 2 with change the rifle operation.After body of heater 1 lateral side-blown spray gun 3 stretches into the molten bath, in the molten bath, spray into fine coal and oxygen.
As shown in Figure 2, the overfiren air port 15 on body of heater 1 sidewall is positioned at the top of side-blown spray gun 3, and blasting oxygen rich gas to upper furnace, and tertiary air orifice 16 is positioned at the top of overfiren air port 15, to blast air to upper furnace.Alternatively, overfiren air port 15 tilts on sidewall of the furnace body with tertiary air orifice 16 from outside to inside, and its axis direction is 0～90 degree with straight down angular separation respectively, so that the gas that blasts can enter into the secondary reaction district fully.
Like Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 4, electrode 4 is positioned at the relatively little side of height of L type body of heater 1, and its lower end is stretched in the molten bath with the melt in the heating molten bath (comprising slag and the ferronickel that restores) from body of heater 1 top, thereby the electrically heated melt separates slag and nickel, iron with clarification.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore can also comprise the lifting device 5 that is used to go up and down electrode.Lifting device 5 for example comprises motor and pulley gear, is used for control electrode 4 and between limes superiors position D and smallest limit position E, moves up and down.Lifting device 5 can move up and down according to the extent of deterioration of electrode 4.After the lower end loss of electrode 4, operator's may command lifting device 4 descends, and immerses in the molten bath with the lower end that guarantees electrode 4.When the lower end of electrode 4 is stretched in the molten bath too much, lifting device 5 rising electrodes 4.
According to a further embodiment of the invention; Smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore can also comprise the waste heat boiler (not shown) that links to each other with smoke outlet 12; To reclaim the waste heat in the high-temperature flue gas, for example waste heat boiler advances mouth and can link to each other with smoke outlet 12 on the body of heater 1 through pipeline.
Working process according to the smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore of the embodiment of the invention will be described below:
At first, red soil nickel ore and flux are added in the burner hearth through charging opening 11.
Then, through top combustion spray gun 2 fine coal and oxygen are sprayed into upper furnace from body of heater 1 top towards the molten bath, fine coal and oxygen reaction are to provide material melting, reduction reaction and to keep the required heat of temperature in the burner hearth.And, in burner hearth, spray into fine coal and oxygen through side-blown spray gun 3 from the side of body of heater 1, wherein; Most of fine coal that side sprays into is as reductive agent; In the C2 of the reduction zone of burner hearth, nickel in the ore and iron are restored, few part fine coal can provide heat with oxygen reaction.
And then in the settling section C3 of burner hearth, ferronickel and slag heat through electrode 4, thereby ferronickel is separated with the slag clarification, thereby have reduced the ferronickel content in the slag.
At last, the nickel that has restored, Tie Tong cross out nickel mouth 13 and discharge, and waste is discharged through slag notch 14, and flue gas is discharged through smoke outlet 12.
Alternatively, spray into oxygen rich gas through overfiren air port 15 to upper furnace, in secondary reaction district C2, the oxygen in the oxygen rich gas is oxidized to carbonic acid gas with the carbon monoxide in the flue gas in the burner hearth.Further alternatively, spray into air to upper furnace, in secondary reaction district C2, further the carbon monoxide in the flue gas is oxidized to carbonic acid gas through tertiary air orifice 16.
Further alternatively, will send into waste heat boiler through the flue gas that smoke outlet 12 is discharged and reclaim the waste heat in the high-temperature flue gas, thereby improve efficiency of cycling economy, practice thrift the energy.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention; Those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: under the situation that does not break away from principle of the present invention and aim, can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is limited claim and equivalent thereof.
Claims (5)
1. a smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore is characterized in that, comprising:
Body of heater, said body of heater inside defines burner hearth, and the bottom of said burner hearth is the molten bath, and said body of heater is provided with the charging opening, the smoke outlet that are used in burner hearth, adding materials, goes out nickel mouth and slag notch, and said charging opening and smoke outlet are located at the top of body of heater;
Top combustion spray gun, the lower end of said top combustion spray gun stretch in the burner hearth from the body of heater top and are positioned at the top, molten bath towards the molten bath fine coal and oxygen are sprayed into upper furnace;
Side-blown spray gun, said side-blown spray gun stretch into from the side of body of heater in the molten bath in the molten bath, to spray into fine coal and oxygen; With
Electrode, thus the lower end of said electrode stretch in the molten bath with the melt clarification in the heating molten bath and separate slag and nickel, iron,
Wherein above side-blown spray gun, on sidewall of the furnace body, be provided with the overfiren air port that is used for blasting oxygen rich gas to upper furnace.
2. smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore according to claim 1 is characterized in that, above overfiren air port, said side wall of furnace is provided with the tertiary air orifice that is used for blasting to upper furnace air.
3. smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said body of heater is L shaped, and wherein said electrode is positioned at highly relatively little body of heater one side.
4. smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore according to claim 1 is characterized in that, further comprises the lifting device that is used to go up and down electrode.
5. smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore according to claim 1 is characterized in that, further comprising links to each other with smoke outlet is used for reclaiming the waste heat boiler of the waste heat of flue gas.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN200910244194A CN101838747B (en) | 2009-12-30 | 2009-12-30 | Smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910244194A CN101838747B (en) | 2009-12-30 | 2009-12-30 | Smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore |
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| CN101838747A CN101838747A (en) | 2010-09-22 |
| CN101838747B true CN101838747B (en) | 2012-10-17 |
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| CN102703735A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2012-10-03 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method for smelting nickel matte by laterite type nickel ore |
| CN102703732A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2012-10-03 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Side-blown smelting equipment |
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| CN105039740A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-11-11 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method for treating nickel laterite ore through oxygen-enriched vortex molten pool smelting furnace |
| CL2016002595A1 (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2017-03-17 | China Enfi Eng Corp | A metallurgical furnace comprising a furnace body that has a hob in it and a plurality of spears, arranged on the furnace body and inserted in a hob from top to bottom. |
| CN106222349B (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-10-19 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | A kind of method and device handling iron-bearing material using bath smelting furnace |
| CN109764679B (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2024-04-23 | 中国瑞林工程技术股份有限公司 | Smelting device and smelting method |
| CN110284006A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-09-27 | 中节能工程技术研究院有限公司 | Top side is compound to blow bath smelting furnace |
| CN113074558A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2021-07-06 | 江西华赣瑞林稀贵金属科技有限公司 | Side-blown smelting furnace |
| CN111154981B (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2024-07-23 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Comprehensive recovery treatment furnace |
| CN113355533A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-09-07 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Top-side composite smelting direct nickel smelting device |
| CN116004948A (en) * | 2023-01-17 | 2023-04-25 | 武汉科技大学 | CO is blown into nickel-containing molten iron 2 Method for improving nickel content of molten iron |
| CN116182558A (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-05-30 | 浙江华友钴业股份有限公司 | Oxygen-enriched molten pool melting furnace and heat consumption type material smelting method |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201605307U (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2010-10-13 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Smelting furnace for laterite nickel ore |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN201605307U (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2010-10-13 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Smelting furnace for laterite nickel ore |
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