CN104946841A - Process for making iron by virtue of COREX furnace - Google Patents
Process for making iron by virtue of COREX furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN104946841A CN104946841A CN201410120431.1A CN201410120431A CN104946841A CN 104946841 A CN104946841 A CN 104946841A CN 201410120431 A CN201410120431 A CN 201410120431A CN 104946841 A CN104946841 A CN 104946841A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for making iron by virtue of a COREX furnace. The COREX furnace comprises a reduction vertical furnace, a fusion gasifying furnace and a washing tower, wherein the fusion gasifying furnace comprises a plurality of air holes and a plurality of oxygen burners, and oxygen is introduced into the fusion gasifying furnace at least through the air holes and the oxygen burners. The process comprises the following steps: (1) burning lump coals by virtue of oxygen introduced into the fusion gasifying furnace, so as to produce high-temperature coal gas; (2) collecting crushed coals obtained by sieving the lump coal, grinding and milling the crushed coals into powdered coal, and burning the powdered coal in a vault region of the fusion gasifying furnace, so as to produce high-temperature coal gas; (3) transmitting high-temperature coal gas to the reduction vertical furnace, so as to reduce iron-containing raw materials loaded into the reduction vertical furnace to be sponge iron; and (4) inputting sponge iron into the fusion gasifying furnace, and restoring sponge iron to be molten iron in the fusion gasifying furnace. By virtue of the process for making iron by virtue of the COREX furnace, the partial lump coals are replaced by virtue of powdered coal, so that the cost is saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to iron-smelting process field, particularly relate to the technique that a kind of COREX of utilization stove carries out smelting iron.
Background technology
In prior art, the iron-smelting process usually adopted comprises blast furnace iron-making process and COREX deoxy iron-smelting technique.Because COREX iron-smelting process has the advantages such as environmental pollution is little, flow process is short, therefore, be widely adopted.
COREX deoxy iron-smelting technique be a kind of with non-coking lump coal and part of coke be fuel, the environmentally friendly ironmaking novel process of pure oxygen air blast, it primarily of reduction shaft furnace and melting gasification furnace two portions composition.As shown in Figure 1, the melting gasification furnace 2 that lump coal directly adds bottom at high temperature with pure oxygen burning to provide heat and to produce coal gas, the coal gas that melting gasification furnace 2 produces is delivered to reduction shaft furnace 1 and is used for reducing iron-bearing material after tornado dust collector 4 dedusting.Iron-bearing material is reduced into after the sponge iron with certain degree of metalization through top reduction shaft furnace 1, melting gasification furnace 2 is added by discharge with endless screw device 3, in melting gasification furnace 2, sponge iron is by further reduction, fusing, slag sluicing system enter cupola well and form molten iron and slag.The top gas of the heating gas that melting gasification furnace 2 produces and reduction shaft furnace 1 need be washed by washing tower 5, and the mud that washing tower 5 produces is expelled to settling tank 6.
The oxygen of melting gasification furnace 2 blasts and can be divided into two parts, and wherein a part is blasted by the air port 201 on the downside of melting gasification furnace 2, and the function of this partial oxidation and Working environment etc. are consistent with blast-furnace tuyere; A part is blasted by the oxygen burner 203 of melting gasification furnace 2 vault and dust burner 202 in addition, wherein, the function of the oxygen blasted by oxygen burner 203 is adjustment melting gasification furnace 2 dome temperature, makes it remain on about 1050 ° so that lump coal cracking produces coal gas; The function of the oxygen blasted by dust burner 202 mainly recycles the dust returned by tornado dust collector 4, and it adopts nitrogen as fluidized carrier gas.Oxygen burner 203 working front edge is completely different from air port, below 201, is freeboard, and namely the position in contiguous air port 201 is provided with packed bed, and therefore free combustion region is little; On the contrary, the position of contiguous oxygen burner 203 does not have other device/equipment, and therefore, its free combustion region is large.The oxygen that oxygen burner 203 blasts and the lump coal main product that burns is CO.
Existing production practice show: the coke quality that COREX uses is poor, then need the liquid permeability maintaining cupola well with the coke of higher proportion, thus the ratio of lump coal relatively can be lower.The deficiency of lump coal amount often causes the deficiency of coal gas amount, and then affects COREX and produce normally, and especially along with the lifting of hot metal output, coal gas quantity not sufficient will highlight more.In the past, in order to make up the deficiency of coal gas amount during COREX producing, often adding excessive lump coal, and becoming semicoke after lump coal cracking and enter stock column, and bottom heat surplus can be caused so again, and needed to add flux and balance, cause the production cost of molten iron to improve thus.
On the other hand, from the lump coal that melting gasification furnace 2 adds, its granularity requirements is 8 ~ 50mm.Lump coal is from mine to stockyard and enter in the transport process of stove, can produce the broken coal of a large amount of-8mm.According to knowhow, enter the broken coal that stove 1 ton of lump coal produces about 0.3 ton.For a COREX production equipment producing 1500000 tons per year, the broken coal of about 360,000 tons can be brought.In prior art, following several processing mode is mainly contained to the broken coal under lump coal sieve:
1, power plants generating electricity is sent to as fuel.
Broken coal under COREX technique sieve is the smelting coal that price is very high, and be sent to power plant as fuel and serve as low-cost electric power coal power generation, utility value is low.
2, for blast furnace iron-making process.The technology of blast furnace technology breeze blowing is comparatively ripe, patent related to this is also many, such as, Authorization Notice No. be CN100424188C patent document discloses a kind of iron-smelting blast furnace breeze blowing processing method, the method comprises the following steps: utilize mechanical force that coal dust is delivered to mixing tank, form breeze airflow in a mixer, by transport pipe, divider and spray gun, coal dust is sprayed into iron-smelting blast furnace.
Which is both economical feasible, but requires that COREX explained hereafter device adjoins blast furnace, and in actual production, COREX process unit is all Individual existence, is therefore difficult to accomplish.
3, briquetting is made moulded coal and is substituted lump coal.Publication number is the production method that patent document discloses a kind of moulded coal of CN1408824A, and main raw material is foam coal, crushed coke and coal slime, and first carrying out Mechanical Crushing to raw material is coal dust, then uses pressing machine compression moulding.
Consider from technical scheme itself, being pressed into moulded coal, to add melting gasification furnace be feasible, but the tooling cost of moulded coal is too high, and the quality of moulded coal is also unstable, and powder rate is high.
4, blow into into COREX vapourizing furnace air port as fuel and injection of reducing agent with reference to blast furnace.Authorization Notice No. be CN101397598B patent document discloses a kind of packed-bed smelting reduction furnace coal powder injection method, the method is: raw coal becomes broken coal through crushing and screening and loads run coal bin, afterwards, it is levigate to-200 orders more than 60%, carry out drying simultaneously; Coal dust is loaded 2 or 3 winding-up tanks, through pressurization fluidisation pressed gas, coal dust is transported to the divider at fusion reducing furnace top, by this divider, coal dust is distributed to equably the winding-up arm leading to melting gasification furnace bottom oxygen wind gap, then, sprayed in melting gasification furnace by coal spouting gun.
Due to melting gasification furnace Tuyere Raceway is little, stock column is breathed freely liquid permeability difference, coal powder injection difficulty is large and winding-up amount is low, therefore, can only digest the broken coal that little part lump coal transport process produces.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem, the invention provides the technique that a kind of COREX of utilization stove carries out smelting iron, it can utilize fine coal to replace part lump coal, cost-saving, meanwhile, can also ensure the Thorough combustion of fine coal.
For achieving the above object, the invention discloses the technique that a kind of COREX of utilization stove carries out smelting iron, described COREX stove comprises reduction shaft furnace, melting gasification furnace and washing tower, described melting gasification furnace has the multiple air port being positioned at downside and the multiple oxygen burners being positioned at upside, at least in melting gasification furnace, pass into oxygen by described multiple air port and multiple oxygen burner, wherein, this technique comprises the following steps:
Step 1, loads the top of lump coal by melting gasification furnace, makes lump coal and the oxygen combustion passing into melting gasification furnace, produces coal gas of high temperature;
Step 2, collect the broken coal under lump coal sieve and its pulverizing grinder is fine into fine coal, loading fine coal storehouse, the fine coal in fine coal storehouse and oxygen are together sprayed into described melting gasification furnace by described multiple oxygen burner, described fine coal is burnt in the crown area of melting gasification furnace, produces coal gas of high temperature;
Step 3, is delivered to described reduction shaft furnace after coal gas of high temperature temperature adjustment dedusting step 1 and step 2 produced, thus the iron-bearing material loading described reduction shaft furnace is reduced into sponge iron;
Step 4, inputs to melting gasification furnace by sponge iron, in melting gasification furnace, be reduced into molten iron.
Preferably, in described step 2, the granularity of fine coal is-200 orders more than 65%.
Preferably, described step 2 also comprises, and observes the sludgd deposition situation of described washing tower, as sludge quantity exceedes permissible value, then reduces the straying quatity of fine coal.
Preferably, in described step 2, fine coal is sprayed into described melting gasification furnace by coal injection system.
Preferably, described coal injection system comprises pressurized tank, fluidizer, air compensation device and divider, the pressurization of the fine coal exported by fine coal storehouse pressurized tank, fluidizer fluidisation, afterwards, distributes to described multiple oxygen burner through air compensation device tonifying Qi by divider.
The COREX of utilization stove of the present invention carries out the technique of smelting iron, fine coal and oxygen are together sprayed into melting gasification furnace by the oxygen burner be positioned on the upside of melting gasification furnace, to be the crown area heating of melting gasification furnace, ensure its working temperature, this mode can reduce the usage quantity of lump coal.Meanwhile, this technique is sprayed into by the upside of melting gasification furnace, can ensure the Thorough combustion of fine coal.In addition, adopt in this way, fine coal, without the need to piling sum outward transport, prevents dust pollution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is in prior art, the schematic flow sheet of COREX ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention utilizes COREX stove to carry out the schematic flow sheet of the technique of smelting iron;
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet of coal injection system in Fig. 2.
Embodiment
Below, by reference to the accompanying drawings, structure of the present invention and principle of work etc. are further described.
It should be noted that, this accompanying drawing is schematic flow sheet, and the quantity of air port, dust burner and oxygen burner draws according to actual, only does to illustrate.
See Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the invention provides the technique that a kind of COREX of utilization stove carries out smelting iron.COREX stove comprises reduction shaft furnace 1 and melting gasification furnace 2, melting gasification furnace 2 has the multiple air ports 201 being positioned at downside, the multiple dust burner 202 being positioned at upside and is positioned at multiple oxygen burners 203 of upside, at least in melting gasification furnace 2, passes into oxygen by multiple air port 201 and multiple oxygen burner 203.In addition; the multiple dust burners 202 be positioned on the upside of melting gasification furnace 2 also spray into oxygen to melting gasification furnace 2; dust burner 202 is mainly used for recycling tornado dust collector 4 and returns the dust come; use nitrogen as fluidized carrier gas; logical oxygen simultaneously; because this part is not pass of the present invention key protection point, therefore it is not described in detail.
Technique of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Step 1, is loaded to lump coal in melting gasification furnace 2 by the top of melting gasification furnace 2, makes lump coal and the oxygen combustion passing into melting gasification furnace 2, produces coal gas of high temperature.
Lump coal is loaded by the top of melting gasification furnace 2, at high temperature with pure oxygen burning to provide heat and to produce coal gas of high temperature.As shown by arrows in FIG., melting gasification furnace 2 produce coal gas of high temperature be delivered to through the rear section of tornado dust collector 4 dedusting reduction shaft furnace 1 be used for reduce iron-bearing material, remainder need wash through washing tower 5.
The oxygen of melting gasification furnace 2 blasts and can be divided into two parts, and wherein a part is blasted by the multiple air ports 201 on the downside of melting gasification furnace 2, and the function of this partial oxidation and Working environment etc. are consistent with blast-furnace tuyere; A part is blasted by the multiple dust burner 202 on the upside of melting gasification furnace 2 and multiple oxygen burner 203 that (in prior art, oxygen burner 203 and dust burner 202 are roughly in sustained height, are spaced in addition; For highlighting in Fig. 2, therefore it is highly staggered).
Step 2, collect the broken coal under lump coal sieve and its pulverizing grinder is fine into fine coal, loading fine coal storehouse 8, the fine coal in fine coal storehouse 8 and oxygen are together sprayed into described melting gasification furnace 2 by multiple oxygen burner 203, make fine coal in the burning of the crown area of melting gasification furnace 2, produce coal gas of high temperature.
This broken coal is mainly the fine grained chippings produced in lump coal transportation, and its granularity is less than 8mm.These broken coals are carried out pulverizing and jevigating by such as equipment such as coal pulverizer 7 grade, finally forms fine coal, this fine coal is loaded fine coal storehouse 8.Afterwards, by after levigate and the fine coal be stored in fine coal storehouse 8 to be sprayed into the top of melting gasification furnace 2 by oxygen burner 203, coal gas of high temperature is generated with the oxygen combustion sprayed into by oxygen burner 203, the dome temperature of adjustment melting gasification furnace 2, it is made to remain on about 1050 °, so that lump coal cracking produces coal gas of high temperature.The winding-up amount of fine coal should be determined according to the breach of coal gas amount, and namely pulverized coal injection amount and lump coal add-on should meet such relation: the coal gas amount sum produced after the coal gas amount produced after pulverized coal friring and lump coal burn should be satisfied with iron-smelting process demand.
As preferably, the granularity of fine coal is-200 orders more than 65%, and the fine coal that namely granularity is less than 200 orders (0.074mm) accounts for more than 65% of whole fine coal mass percent.Like this, the Thorough combustion of fine coal can be ensured further.
Further, this step also comprises, and observes the sludgd deposition situation of the washing tower 5 being used for COREX stove, as sludge quantity exceedes permissible value, then reduces the straying quatity of fine coal.As shown in Figure 2, COREX stove includes washing tower 5, and for purifying part coal gas of high temperature that melting gasification furnace 2 produces and the top gas that reduction shaft furnace 1 produces, the mud that washing tower 5 produces is expelled to settling tank 6.For ensureing ironmaking effect, during use, the deposition conditions of the mud being expelled to settling tank 6 by washing tower 5 should be observed, if sludge quantity exceedes permissible value or significantly raises, then the straying quatity of optionally corresponding minimizing fine coal.The setting of concrete permissible value, can determine after considering the factors such as molten steel quality.
In step 2, fine coal need be sprayed into melting gasification furnace 2 by means of peripheral equipment, to burn.In the present invention, fine coal is sprayed into melting gasification furnace 2 by coal injection system 9.This coal injection system 9 can quote the coal injection system adopted in blast furnace, particularly, as shown in Figure 3, this coal injection system 9 comprises pressurized tank 901, fluidizer 902, air compensation device 903 and divider 904, the pressurized tank 901 of the fine coal exported by fine coal storehouse 8 pressurizes, fluidizer 902 fluidisation, afterwards, distributed to through air compensation device 903 tonifying Qi the multiple oxygen burners 203 be positioned on the upside of melting gasification furnace 2 by divider 904.
Step 3, is delivered to reduction shaft furnace 1 after coal gas of high temperature temperature adjustment dedusting step 1 and step 2 produced, thus the iron-bearing material loading reduction shaft furnace 1 is reduced into sponge iron.
This coal gas of high temperature need through temperature adjustment and dedusting, as shown in Figure 2, through the cooling coal gas that washing tower 5 washs, partly be returned to tornado dust collector 4 front end, carry out mixing with coal gas of high temperature thus affect the temperature of coal gas of high temperature, by regulating the input flow rate of this cooling coal gas can obtain different coal gas of high temperature temperature, the control of input flow rate can adopt the realizations such as variable valve.Coal gas after temperature adjustment is delivered to tornado dust collector 4, completes dedusting by tornado dust collector 4.Coal gas of high temperature after cyclone dust removal partly inputs in reduction shaft furnace, forms the reducing gas of reduction shaft furnace 1, reduces to iron-bearing material.
Step 4, inputs to melting gasification furnace 2 by sponge iron, in melting gasification furnace 2, be reduced into molten iron.
Iron-bearing material is reduced into after the sponge iron with certain degree of metalization through top reduction shaft furnace 1, melting gasification furnace 2 is added, by further reduction, fusing, slag sluicing system enter cupola well and form molten iron and slag in melting gasification furnace 2 by discharge with endless screw device 3.
Embodiment
Following table is degree of metalization 60%, under the condition that molten iron hourly output is 150 tons, and the supplies consumption control case under different situation.
The theoretical Expenditure Levels of table 1.COREX ton iron
From table 1, before not implementing the technical program, i.e. oxygen burner 203 not coal powder injection, according to material balance and heat calculation, iron coke per ton ratio is 250kg, and fuel ratio is 966kg.But due to superfluous coal gas quantity not sufficient 20000NM
3/ h, plant pressure is difficult to stablize, and production operation difficulty is large (for ensureing the stable of plant pressure, superfluous coal gas amount is per hour should be not less than 20,000), do not possess feasibility, need the consumption increasing lump coal to increase coal gas amount, need to add flux simultaneously and balance unnecessary heat.Therefore actual production Expenditure Levels should as table 2.
Table 2.COREX ton iron actual consumption situation
According to the art of this patent, at vault oxygen burner 203, place realizes coal powder injection, then COREX ton iron supplies consumption situation is as table 3.
COREX ton iron Expenditure Levels after table 3. oxygen burner pulverized coal injection
Comparison sheet 2 and table 3, the supplies consumption of obvious table 3 has more economy.Be equivalent to less than " the oxygen burner injecting coal quantity " in the fine coal 60kg(table 3 of lump coal price 1/4) instead of the difference of " coal than " in about 55kg(table 2 and " coal than " in table 3) lump coal, because superfluous coal is large-minded, operation has more controllability.And, under same processing condition, consume fine coal, decrease pollution.
Above, be only schematic description of the present invention, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art that on the basis of not departing from principle of work of the present invention, can make multiple improvement to the present invention, this all belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. one kind utilizes COREX stove to carry out the technique of smelting iron, described COREX stove comprises reduction shaft furnace, melting gasification furnace and washing tower, described melting gasification furnace has the multiple air port being positioned at downside and the multiple oxygen burners being positioned at upside, at least in melting gasification furnace, pass into oxygen by described multiple air port and multiple oxygen burner, it is characterized in that, this technique comprises the following steps:
Step 1, loads the top of lump coal by melting gasification furnace, makes lump coal and the oxygen combustion passing into melting gasification furnace, produces coal gas of high temperature;
Step 2, collect the broken coal under lump coal sieve and its pulverizing grinder is fine into fine coal, loading fine coal storehouse, the fine coal in fine coal storehouse and oxygen are together sprayed into described melting gasification furnace by described multiple oxygen burner, described fine coal is burnt in the crown area of melting gasification furnace, produces coal gas of high temperature;
Step 3, is delivered to described reduction shaft furnace after coal gas of high temperature temperature adjustment dedusting step 1 and step 2 produced, thus the iron-bearing material loading described reduction shaft furnace is reduced into sponge iron;
Step 4, inputs to melting gasification furnace by sponge iron, in melting gasification furnace, be reduced into molten iron.
2. utilize COREX stove to carry out the technique of smelting iron as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, the granularity of fine coal is-200 orders more than 65%.
3. utilize COREX stove to carry out the technique of smelting iron as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step 2 also comprises, and observes the sludgd deposition situation of described washing tower, as sludge quantity exceedes permissible value, then reduces the straying quatity of fine coal.
4. utilize COREX stove to carry out the technique of smelting iron as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, fine coal is sprayed into described melting gasification furnace by coal injection system.
5. utilize COREX stove to carry out the technique of smelting iron as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described coal injection system comprises pressurized tank, fluidizer, air compensation device and divider, the pressurized tank pressurization of the fine coal exported by fine coal storehouse, fluidizer fluidisation, afterwards, described multiple oxygen burner is distributed to through air compensation device tonifying Qi by divider.
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Cited By (12)
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| CN106086282A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-09 | 张英华 | A kind of COREX fused reduction iron-smelting equipment and iron smelting method |
| WO2017032001A1 (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2017-03-02 | 上海泽玛克敏达机械设备有限公司 | Gasification furnace for lump coal and pulverized coal, and method for gasification of lump coal and pulverized coal |
| CN106706494A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-24 | 辽宁科技大学 | Determination method of material column liquid permeability index in COREX smelter-gasifier |
| EP3239306A1 (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-01 | Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH | Method and device for the preparation of molten pig iron |
| CN108026596A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2018-05-11 | 株式会社Posco | The fine coal device for blowing and its blowing method of smelting furnace |
| CN108603237A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2018-09-28 | 株式会社Posco | Molten iron preparation method |
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| CN110045082A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-07-23 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of measurement evaluation method of fused reduction iron-smelting medium sized coal high-temperature behavior |
| CN112143847A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-12-29 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method and device for adjusting vault temperature and coal gas yield in total oxygen smelting reduction iron-making process |
| CN114317855A (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-04-12 | 华东理工大学 | Blast furnace iron-smelting method |
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| CN108026596A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2018-05-11 | 株式会社Posco | The fine coal device for blowing and its blowing method of smelting furnace |
| WO2017032001A1 (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2017-03-02 | 上海泽玛克敏达机械设备有限公司 | Gasification furnace for lump coal and pulverized coal, and method for gasification of lump coal and pulverized coal |
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| CN106086282B (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2018-07-03 | 张英华 | A kind of COREX fused reduction iron-smeltings equipment and iron smelting method |
| CN106086282A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-09 | 张英华 | A kind of COREX fused reduction iron-smelting equipment and iron smelting method |
| CN106706494A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-24 | 辽宁科技大学 | Determination method of material column liquid permeability index in COREX smelter-gasifier |
| CN108754057A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-06 | 华北理工大学 | A kind of device and its application for detaching prereduction ferrous material |
| CN110045082A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-07-23 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of measurement evaluation method of fused reduction iron-smelting medium sized coal high-temperature behavior |
| CN110045082B (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2021-11-09 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method for measuring and evaluating high-temperature performance of lump coal in smelting reduction iron making |
| CN112143847A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-12-29 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method and device for adjusting vault temperature and coal gas yield in total oxygen smelting reduction iron-making process |
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| CN114317855A (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-04-12 | 华东理工大学 | Blast furnace iron-smelting method |
| CN115558733A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2023-01-03 | 宝钢工程技术集团有限公司 | Gas utilization device for COREX smelting reduction furnace and use method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20150930 |