CN108746613A - A kind of online heat treatment system of selective laser fusing - Google Patents
A kind of online heat treatment system of selective laser fusing Download PDFInfo
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- CN108746613A CN108746613A CN201810556366.5A CN201810556366A CN108746613A CN 108746613 A CN108746613 A CN 108746613A CN 201810556366 A CN201810556366 A CN 201810556366A CN 108746613 A CN108746613 A CN 108746613A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/49—Scanners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention belongs to the figuration manufacture fields of metal parts, and disclose a kind of online heat treatment system of selective laser fusing.The system includes laser heat treatment unit, laser processing unit, temperature measuring unit, heat treatment auxiliary unit and control unit, and laser processing unit is for carrying out selective laser fusing forming；Laser heat treatment unit is used to specify region to heat formed part while laser machining unit forming part, reaches heat treatment temperature, then by the cooperation with the heat treatment auxiliary unit, realizes that part specifies the heat treatment process in region；Heat treatment auxiliary unit includes heating component and cooling component, is heat-treated for assisting；Temperature measuring unit is used to monitor the temperature of pending part in real time, and feeds back to control unit；Control unit is used to adjust and set the parameter of each unit.Through the invention, part residual stress is eliminated, the part with capability gradient distribution is quickly prepared.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the figuration manufacture fields of metal parts, are melted more particularly, to a kind of selective laser online
Heat treatment system.
Background technology
Selective laser melting (SLM) technology is a kind of novel Quick-forming (Rapid occurred the last century 90's
Prototyping) technology.It combines the technologies such as CAD/CAM, numerical control, optics and material science, using various metal powders as
It processes raw material, it is point-by-point using high-energy laser, by domain, successively rapid melting powder and cool down rapidly according to three-dimensional CAD model,
Thus the traditional machine of straight forming adds the metal parts for the shape and structure complexity that means can not manufacture.SLM technological break-throughs
Conventional fabrication processes deformation forming and Material removal conventional thinking, efficiently solve conventional machining process it is impossible plus
Work problem is especially suitable for the part manufacture of abnormal complex structure, is not necessarily to any frock clamp and mold, greatly shortens production week
Phase presents good application prospect in fields such as aerospace, automobile, biologic medicals.
However, in SLM metal formings, during high energy laser beam is to metal powder scanning machining, material can be undergone
Steep temperature rise is melted to be solidified with rapid cooling, and the acute variation of this temperature during solid-liquid-solid phase becomes can make material residues
Stress increases, and eventually leads to formation of parts and warpage, cracking, deformation occurs, part performance drastically declines.In order to improve material forming
The residual stress generated in the process by uneven temperature field, common method are to carry out subsequent heat treatment to formed part,
Part residual stress is set to discharge.However, in above-mentioned heat treatment process, inside parts are likely to occur stress release and cause to process
Situations such as deformation occurs in good part, warpage even cracks, increases the risk for producing substandard products, waste product, and such method by
The control of internal stress in lacking to forming process, it doesn't solve the problem fundamentally.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, application No. is 201510987779.5, Publication No. 105499569, publication date is
2016.04.20, entitled a kind of temperature field active control system and its control method for high energy beam increasing material manufacturing,
It proposes the active temperature control system being laid out based on dot matrix and temprature control method, entire add is controlled in the forming process of part
The temperature field in work area domain becomes opposite formation of parts and carries out burning optimization on line, to reduce the internal stress during part forming.Though
Internal residual stress increase and concentration during part forming can be weakened by being so based on dot matrix active temperature control system.But the technology
Scenario-frame form is excessively complicated, a large amount of to arrange that hot spot and temperature measuring point do not require nothing more than heating element and temperature element itself
Structure size wants small, and single-point control also requires increasingly complex and accurate response control system.In addition, being based on dot matrix master
Dynamic temperature-controlling system still using the scheme heated from formation cylinder outer wall, i.e., heating unit generates heat need by
Entire formation cylinder wall thickness can just reach inside formation cylinder, and the temperature that temperature element measures is also formation cylinder outside wall surface temperature
Rather than actual temperature in formation cylinder, slower to actual temperature response speed in cylinder, temperature control precision is poor.Finally, complicated
Temperature-controlling system will be such that its maintenance cost greatly increases, or even will appear temperature-controlling system maintenance cost and be more than SLM process equipment cores
Component maintenance cost.
In addition to this, subsequent heat treatment either is carried out to formation of parts and still controls entire add during part forming
The temperature field in work area domain carries out burning optimization on line to formation of parts, and existing method is difficult to realize carry out heat to parts locally region
Processing, can not actually use situation and demand according to part improves parts locally institutional framework and performance, limits SLM
Application extension of the technology in fields such as aerospace, automobile, biologic medicals.
Invention content
For the disadvantages described above or Improvement requirement of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of selective lasers to melt at online heat
Reason system, the burning optimization on line system are real by specifying region to be heat-treated formed part while formation of parts
Existing part burning optimization on line can effectively reduce SLM metal baths cooled and solidified and processing interlayer temperature gradient, reduce formation of parts
Interior residual stress, it is often more important that in forming process can according to actual conditions to the burning optimization on line region of part and time into
Row setting, not only can successive elimination part residual stress, avoid formation of parts occur warpage, cracking, deformation situations such as, improve zero
Part forming quality, and the improvement to parts locally region performance can be realized according to actual demand, to quickly prepare with property
The part of energy gradient distribution.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a kind of selective laser fusing burning optimization on line is provided
System, which is characterized in that the system includes laser processing unit, laser heat treatment unit, temperature measuring unit, heat treatment auxiliary unit
And control unit, wherein：
The laser processing unit is for carrying out selective laser fusing forming；
The heat treatment auxiliary unit includes heating component and cooling component, and the heating component and cooling component are around setting
Inside the working chamber of the laser processing unit, heating component is kept the temperature for treating parts processed, and cooling component is used for
Reduce the temperature of pending part；
The laser heat treatment unit is used for while the laser processing unit forming pending part to wherein pre-
First region is specified to be heated and reached heat treatment temperature, then passes through the heat preservation of the heating component and cooling component
It is cooling, realize that pending part preassigns the heat treatment process in region, wherein the heating region of the laser heat treatment unit and
Heating time is configured according to the predesignated region and corresponding heat treatment process respectively；
The temperature measuring unit is used to monitor the temperature of pending part in real time, and feeds back to described control unit；
Described control unit and the laser heat treatment unit, laser processing unit, temperature measuring unit, heat treatment auxiliary unit
Connection, the parameter for adjusting and setting laser heat treatment unit, laser machine unit, while receiving to come from the temperature measuring unit
The temperature of feedback, and according to the temperature adjust in real time the parameter of the laser heat treatment unit, heating component and cooling component with
This realizes that the temperature of pending part is adjusted.
It is further preferred that the heating region of the laser heat treatment unit is one layer or more of selective laser fusing
Layer slicing layer.
It is further preferred that energy such as laser heat treatment unit include one or multi-station laser, which generates
The hot spot of distribution.
It is further preferred that including galvanometer in laser heat treatment unit and laser processing unit, for adjusting laser
Direction and spot size.
It is further preferred that when the heat treatment temperature of the laser heat treatment unit is processed less than the laser processing unit
Processing temperature.
It is further preferred that the parameter of the laser processing unit of described control unit setting includes：The size of laser facula,
Laser power, sweep speed and powdering thickness.
It is further preferred that the parameter of the laser heat treatment unit of described control unit setting includes the big of laser facula
Small, laser power, sweep speed.
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, can obtain down and show
Beneficial effect：
1, burning optimization on line system provided by the invention passes through laser heat treatment unit, heating component, cooling component and red
Outer thermal imaging system, which matches, can carry out part in forming to repeat quickly heating and controlling its cooling velocity in forming process
Middle to realize to part burning optimization on line, the system structure is simple, it can be achieved that the heat treatment process such as online annealing, rapid quenching, no
Situations such as formation of parts stress release in subsequent heat treatment technique can only being overcome and the warpage of generation, cracking, deformation, improve zero
Part forming quality and forming accuracy, and part performance can be regulated and controled according to part actual demand；
2, burning optimization on line system provided by the invention is, it can be achieved that be heat-treated parts locally regional site, to change
Parts locally region performance realizes the quick preparation that there is capability gradient to be distributed part according to actual demand；
3, the forming and heat treatment of part are carried out at the same time by the present invention, are on the one hand simplified technique, are reduced separated progress
Resource and the energy waste, on the other hand, one or more layers slicing layer is heat-treated after processing in part forming, can
Ensure part internal stress slowly, uniformly release, because internal stress is primary when to avoid carrying out after part forming bulk heat treatmet again
Property release caused by deform and crack propagation problem, so that part forming quality and forming accuracy is greatly improved.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the selective laser constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention is melted the structure of online heat treatment system and shown
It is intended to.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
It does not constitute a conflict with each other and can be combined with each other.
Fig. 1 is that the selective laser constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention is melted the structure of online heat treatment system and shown
It is intended to, as shown in Figure 1, the system includes molding room 7,7 top of working chamber is equipped with laser processing unit 1, laser heat treatment unit
2, temperature measuring unit 3, bottom are equipped with workbench 4, are heat-treated auxiliary unit.
Working chamber will laser machine the workbench cladding of unit wherein；
Heat treatment auxiliary unit includes heating component 5 and cooling component 6, and the setting of heating component 5 is shaping chamber interior walls surrounding,
The setting of cooling component 6 is in forming chamber outer wall, and heating component 5 is with 6 collective effect of cooling component for controlling forming indoor environment temperature
Degree is to control the temperature of the slicing layer after forming.
It is equal to laser machine unit 1, laser heat treatment unit 2, temperature measuring unit 3, workbench 4, heating component 5, cooling component 6
It connect, is controlled by it with control unit 9.
Laser heat treatment unit matches with heat treatment auxiliary unit and carries out burning optimization on line to part in forming, can be to zero
Part specifies region to be oriented irradiation, and realization specifies region to be heat-treated part, wherein in the working chambers SLM, top is equipped with
Unit is laser machined for selective laser fusing forming, laser heat treatment unit is used to specify region to carry out heat part in forming
Processing, is responsible for heating process, and material can be heated rapidly to arbitrary temp, and working chamber bottom is equipped with forming workbench,
Heating component is surrounded by the inside of working chamber, outside is equipped with cooling component, middle in this implementation to use water cooling, heating component and cooling
Component is equally for being heat-treated to part in forming, being responsible for heat preservation and controlling material cooling velocity, in the present embodiment
Heating component uses infrared heating pipe, in addition, working chamber is externally provided with temperature measurement component, temperature measurement component is using infrared in the present embodiment
Thermal imaging system to each regional temperature of part monitor and feed back in real time.
In the present invention, laser heat treatment unit, heating component, cooling component are matched specifies region to part in forming
Burning optimization on line is carried out, in SLM forming processes, infrared thermography whole process monitors Part temperature in real time, works as laser
When processing unit and carrying out part forming, for one or more layers formed region, control unit is according to part shape complexity, red
The material temperature and selected heat treatment process that outer thermal imaging system is detected, and then determine the hot spot of laser heat treatment unit
Size, output power, sweep speed, scan path, and laser heat treatment unit is controlled in one or more layers formed region
It need to carry out thermal treatment zone material and carry out rapidly pre-warming, at the same time, infrared heating pipe and cooling component start, according to infrared heat
Imager monitor in real time and feedback as a result, adjust heating component output power and cooling component material cooling velocity is carried out it is real
When control.
Preferably, in the present invention, in laser heat treatment unit number of lasers can be one, two to being more,
According to metal parts situation (complexity, size) comprehensive selection number of lasers.
Preferably, in the present invention, laser heat treatment unit spot energy distribution is impartial, and non-gaussian distribution.
Preferably, in the present invention, can be one layer or several layers of slicing layers, according to reality for the thermal treatment zone of part
Border needs and laser heats thickness and part complexity considers, and the heating time of laser heat treatment unit is according to the heating
The quantity of slicing layer set.
The course of work of the burning optimization on line system of the present invention is explained below：
(a) when SLM intermetallic composite coatings, laser processing unit 1 is used for SLM intermetallic composite coatings, infrared heat in whole process
Imager 3 is whole to be monitored Part temperature and feeds back to control unit 9 in real time.When one or more layers formed slicing layer
When, control unit 9 according to selected thermal treatment zone shape complexity (the three-dimensional part model stl file imported before),
Material temperature that infrared thermography is detected, selected heat treatment process, and then determine 2 output light of laser heat treatment unit
Spot size, output power, sweep speed, scan path, and laser heat treatment unit is controlled to above-mentioned slice by control unit 9
The selected thermal treatment zone of layer institute is quickly heated.Meanwhile corresponding region heating component 5 is highly started according to workbench 4, it is cooling
Component 6 also starts, monitoring and feed back in real time according to infrared thermography 3 as a result, control unit 9 controls heating component output work
Rate and cooling component carry out real-time monitoring to the selected thermal treatment zone material cooling velocity of above-mentioned slicing layer institute.
(b) step (a) is repeated, until completing the heat treatment in all specified regions of part.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the above is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, not limiting
The present invention, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention made by all any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should be included in this
Within the protection domain of invention.
Claims (7)
1. online heat treatment system is melted in a kind of selective laser, which is characterized in that the system includes laser processing unit, laser heat
Processing unit, temperature measuring unit, heat treatment auxiliary unit and control unit, wherein：
The laser processing unit is for carrying out selective laser fusing forming；
The heat treatment auxiliary unit includes heating component and cooling component, and the heating component and cooling component are circumferentially positioned at institute
Inside the working chamber for stating laser processing unit, heating component is kept the temperature for treating parts processed, cooling component for reducing
The temperature of pending part；
The laser heat treatment unit is used for while the laser processing unit forming pending part to wherein referring in advance
Determine region and heated and reached heat treatment temperature, then passes through the cold of the heat preservation of the heating component and cooling component
But, realize pending part preassign region heat treatment process, wherein the heating region of the laser heat treatment unit and plus
The hot time is configured according to the predesignated region and corresponding heat treatment process respectively；
The temperature measuring unit is used to monitor the temperature of pending part in real time, and feeds back to described control unit；
Described control unit connects with the laser heat treatment unit, laser processing unit, temperature measuring unit, heat treatment auxiliary unit
It connects, the parameter for adjusting and setting laser heat treatment unit, laser machine unit, while receiving anti-from the temperature measuring unit
The temperature of feedback, and the parameter of the laser heat treatment unit, heating component and cooling component is adjusted with this according to the temperature in real time
Realize that the temperature of pending part is adjusted.
2. online heat treatment system is melted in a kind of selective laser as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the laser heat treatment list
The heating region of member is one or more layers slicing layer of selective laser fusing.
3. online heat treatment system is melted in a kind of selective laser such as claims 1 or 2, which is characterized in that laser heat treatment list
Member includes one or multi-station laser, the hot spot of the Energy distributions such as laser generation.
4. online heat treatment system is melted in a kind of selective laser as described in any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that laser
Include galvanometer, the direction for adjusting laser and spot size in thermal treatment unit and laser processing unit.
5. online heat treatment system is melted in a kind of selective laser according to any one of claims 1-4, which is characterized in that described
The processing temperature when heat treatment temperature of laser heat treatment unit is less than the laser processing unit processing.
6. online heat treatment system is melted in a kind of selective laser as described in any one in claim 1-5, which is characterized in that described
The parameter of laser processing unit of control unit setting includes：Size, laser power, sweep speed and the powdering of laser facula are thick
Degree.
7. online heat treatment system is melted in a kind of selective laser as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that described
The parameter of the laser heat treatment unit of control unit setting includes the size, laser power, sweep speed of laser facula.
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Cited By (17)
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| CN109513932A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-26 | 南京晨光集团有限责任公司 | A kind of aluminium alloy electric arc increasing material manufacturing burning optimization on line device and method |
| CN109513928A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-26 | 广东汉邦激光科技有限公司 | Laser melts manufacturing process and 3D printing device |
| CN110116207A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-08-13 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | The intensifying device and method of selective laser fusing increasing material manufacturing component |
| CN110434332A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-12 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of burning optimization on line technique of metal increasing material manufacturing |
| CN110860797A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-03-06 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Electric arc-laser composite additive manufacturing method |
| CN112059179A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-12-11 | 北京航空航天大学 | Laser additive manufacturing equipment and method for manufacturing large metal component |
| CN112170850A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-01-05 | 贵州航天天马机电科技有限公司 | Rapid auxiliary selective laser melting forming part heat treatment equipment |
| CN112247147A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-22 | 苏州祝友三维科技有限公司 | Double-laser additive manufacturing synchronous heat treatment device and application |
| CN112338201A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-02-09 | 苏州祝友三维科技有限公司 | 3D printing synchronous heat treatment method |
| CN113084168A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser melting deposition forming ultrasonic workbench |
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| CN113423559A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-09-21 | 戴弗根特技术有限公司 | In-situ heat treatment for powder bed fusion system |
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| CN113953626A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-21 | 西安理工大学 | Device and method for actively controlling temperature of magnesium alloy workpiece manufactured by electric arc additive manufacturing |
| CN114505501A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-05-17 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心 | Real-time heat treatment system and method for selective laser melting forming process |
| CN115041710A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-09-13 | 烟台哈尔滨工程大学研究院 | Three-dimensional temperature field control device for multi-energy beam additive manufacturing |
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| CN109513932A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-26 | 南京晨光集团有限责任公司 | A kind of aluminium alloy electric arc increasing material manufacturing burning optimization on line device and method |
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