CN106623919B - One kind being used for selective laser melting unit powder preheating device and its pre-heating mean - Google Patents
One kind being used for selective laser melting unit powder preheating device and its pre-heating mean Download PDFInfo
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- CN106623919B CN106623919B CN201610871715.3A CN201610871715A CN106623919B CN 106623919 B CN106623919 B CN 106623919B CN 201610871715 A CN201610871715 A CN 201610871715A CN 106623919 B CN106623919 B CN 106623919B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
- B22F12/13—Auxiliary heating means to preheat the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed by the invention a kind of for selective laser melting unit powder preheating device, including N number of heating layer along formation cylinder body height directional spreding, each heating layer was arranged by several heating units around formation cylinder body side one week.One kind is for selective laser melting unit powder preheating device by being arranged several heating units, and each heating unit is embedded in the side of formation cylinder main body, so that heat transfer efficiency is higher.A kind of control method for selective laser melting unit powder temperature, the heating temperature T of every layer of heating unitNAs the number of plies of heating unit changes, as part currently prints the variation of height, the heating temperature T ' of the heating plate below formation cylinder bottom part body substrateNConstantly variation.The heating unit heats temperature of a kind of control method for selective laser melting unit powder temperature, same layer is all identical, and once opens temperature and tend to be constant, and this simplifies the controls of temperature.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to selective laser melting unit powder preheating technology fields, and in particular to a kind of molten for selective laser
Change equipment powder preheating device, also sets up the control method for carrying out melting unit powder temperature in selective laser using the device.
Background technique
Selective laser fusing SLM is a kind of method of metalwork straight forming, is the latest development of rapid shaping technique.It should
Most basic thought of the technology based on rapid shaping, i.e., " increment " manufacture of layer-by-layer cladding, according to three-dimensional CAD model directly at
Type has the part of geometry in particular, and metal powder is completely melt in forming process, generates metallurgical bonding.Added using traditional machine
The metal parts for the shape and structure complexity that work means can not manufacture, be rapid laser-shaping technique application Main way it
One.
In order to improve the residual stress generated in material forming process by uneven temperature field, common method is to adding
The good drip molding of work carries out subsequent heat treatment, and such part can then undergo the process for first cooling down and heating up afterwards.However, in above-mentioned cooling
In the process, situations such as inside parts are likely to occur stress release and the building processed are caused deformation, warpage occur or even crack,
Increase the risk for producing substandard products, waste product.Most of all, situations such as deformation, warpage are even cracked is often in part forming mistake
It is just had already appeared in journey, such method controls internal stress in forming process due to lacking, and it doesn't solve the problem fundamentally.
It proposes to carry out the pre-heat treatment to shaped region before processing and in process for this case, in the molten of material
Play the role of preheating and slow cooling in change-process of setting, is reduced or even eliminated in process by the adjusting to temperature field
Internal stress.Treating method in contemporary literature and patent focuses mostly on greatly to add heating device in shaped region bottom and carry out temperature
The regulation of field, maximum heating temperature is up to 900 DEG C.In addition, application No. is 201510987779.5, Publication No. 105499569,
Publication date is 2016.04.20, entitled a kind of for the temperature field active control system of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing and its control
Method processed proposes the active temperature control system being laid out based on dot matrix and temprature control method, but the purpose of this method is
Make the temperature field of entire machining area constant in the forming process of part, thus the internal stress during reducing part forming.
Conventional underlayer heating technique is to be only capable of passing through bottom dependent on the conduction of heat between powder and part, drawback
Portion's heating is unidirectionally preheated, and pre-heat effect constantly declines with the increase of forming height, and machined layer powder is caused to preheat
It is insufficient；In addition, the cooling of part uses natural cooling, and part cooling is uncontrollable, to make part during part forming
It is possible to deformation, warpage and cracking occur in processing and cooling two stages.
Part is made to be in the heating chamber for leveling off to constant temperature in process based on dot matrix active temperature control system
Interior, this high degree reduces the possibility that internal residual stress during part forming is excessively concentrated.But the technical solution knot
Configuration formula is excessively complicated, a large amount of structure ruler arranged hot spot and temperature measuring point and do not require nothing more than heating element and temperature element itself
It is very little to want small, and single-point control also requires increasingly complex and accurate response control system.In addition, being based on dot matrix active temperature control
The heat that the scheme that system is still heated using tradition from formation cylinder outer wall, i.e. heating unit generate is needed by whole
A formation cylinder wall thickness can just reach inside formation cylinder, and the temperature of temperature element measurement is also formation cylinder outside wall surface temperature and
The actual temperature of metal powder in non-shaped cylinder.Finally, complicated temperature-controlling system is essential to greatly increase plant maintenance
Workload, or even will appear temperature-controlling system greater than maintenance loss brought by device core printing.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind to be used for selective laser melting unit powder preheating device, the pre- hot charging of the powder
The heat transfer efficiency set is high.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a kind of control method for selective laser melting unit powder temperature,
Using this process simplify the controls of temperature.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: one kind being used for selective laser melting unit powder preheating device, including edge
N number of heating layer of formation cylinder body height directional spreding, each heating layer is by several heating units around formation cylinder body side
It is arranged within one week.
The features of the present invention also characterized in that
N number of heating layer is embedded in formation cylinder main body, and N number of heating layer is integrally formed with formation cylinder main body.
The operating temperature of heating unit is consistent in each heating layer, and the operating temperature in N number of heating layer is along formation cylinder
Successively constant gradient reduces short transverse from top to bottom.
It further include the heating plate below the formation cylinder bottom part body substrate.
The heating temperature of heating plate reduces with the increase of part forming height.
Heating plate is connected with centralised temperature controller.
Several heating units are connected with centralised temperature controller.
Another technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of control for selective laser melting unit powder temperature
Method is used for selective laser melting unit powder preheating device using one kind, includes the following steps；
Substrate is mounted on formation cylinder substrate by step 1, opens heating plate, and the temperature of heating plate is set as T0, T0To add
Hot plate preheating temperature；
Step 2, note are followed successively by the first heating layer, second along N number of heating layer that formation cylinder short transverse is distributed from top to bottom
Heating layer ... .., N heating layer, in bottom mistake of the formation cylinder substrate from the top movements of formation cylinder main body to formation cylinder main body
Cheng Zhong, each heating layer are successively successively opened, and when formation cylinder substrate motion is to a certain heating layer, the heating unit of corresponding heating layer is opened
It opens, and the heating layer being located above the heating layer is kept it turned on, until part printing is completed, the heating of every layer of heating unit
Temperature TNIt is determined according to formula (1),
TN=T0-(N-1)ΔT (1)
In formula (1), T0For heating plate preheating temperature, Δ T is preset heating layer temperature gradient difference, and N is should
The number of plies of layer；
As part currently prints the variation of height, the heating temperature T ' of the heating plate below formation cylinder substrateNConstantly become
Change, determined according to formula (2),
T’N=T0-HnΔT’ (2)
In formula (2), T0For heating plate preheating temperature, Δ T ' is preset temperature of heating plate gradient difference value, and Hn is
Part currently prints height.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: several are arranged in a kind of pass through for selective laser melting unit powder preheating device
Heating unit, outer end are not necessarily to any heat preservation and cooling body, and structure is simple and easy to maintain, more practical.In addition, compared to existing
Device, each heating unit of the present invention is embedded in the side of formation cylinder main body, so that heat transfer efficiency is higher.One kind is used for
The heating unit heats temperature of the control method of selective laser melting unit powder temperature, same layer is all identical, and once opens
Temperature tends to be constant, and this simplifies the controls of temperature.Without temp measuring system, thermo parameters method only depends on gold in formation cylinder main body
Belong to the heat transfer of powder and part.Finally, the side layering setting heating unit of formation cylinder main body, makes formation cylinder body interior shape
At a stable temperature gradient, enable part parallel practice Slow cooling in print procedure, reduces inside parts stress
It concentrates.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram for selective laser melting unit powder preheating device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of sectional view for selective laser melting unit powder preheating device of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that temperature control system is shown in a kind of control method for selective laser melting unit powder temperature of the present invention
It is intended to.
In figure: 1. heating units, 2. formation cylinder main bodys, 3. heating plates.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments；
One kind of the invention be used for selective laser melting unit powder preheating device, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, including along at
5 heating layers of 2 short transverse of shape cylinder main body distribution, each heating layer is by 4 heating units 1 around 2 side of formation cylinder main body
It is arranged within one week；
5 heating layers are embedded in formation cylinder main body 2, and 5 heating layers are integrally formed with formation cylinder main body 2；
The operating temperature of heating unit 1 is consistent in each heating layer, and the operating temperature in N number of heating layer is along formation cylinder
Successively constant gradient reduces short transverse from top to bottom；
It further include the heating plate 3 below 2 bottom substrate of formation cylinder main body；
The heating temperature of heating plate 3 reduces with the increase of part forming height；
Heating plate 3 is connected with centralised temperature controller；
4 heating units 1 are connected with centralised temperature controller.
A kind of control method for selective laser melting unit powder temperature is set using one kind for selective laser fusing
Standby powder preheating device, as shown in figure 3, including the following steps；
Substrate is mounted on formation cylinder substrate by step 1, opens heating plate 3, and the temperature of heating plate 3 is set as T0, T0For
Heating plate preheating temperature；
Step 2, note are followed successively by the first heating layer, second along N number of heating layer that formation cylinder short transverse is distributed from top to bottom
Heating layer ... .., N heating layer, in formation cylinder substrate from the top movements of formation cylinder main body 2 to the bottom of formation cylinder main body 2
In the process, each heating layer is successively successively opened, and when forming board moves to a certain heating layer, the heating unit of corresponding heating layer is opened
It opens, and the heating layer being located above the heating layer is kept it turned on, until part printing is completed, the heating of every layer of heating unit
Temperature TNIt is determined according to formula (1),
TN=T0-(N-1)ΔT (1)
In formula (1), T0For heating plate preheating temperature, Δ T is preset heating layer temperature gradient difference, and N is should
The number of plies of layer；
As part currently prints the variation of height, the heating temperature of the heating plate 3 below 2 bottom substrate of formation cylinder main body
T’NConstantly variation, it is determining according to formula 2,
T’N=T0-HnΔT’ (2)
In formula (2), T0For heating plate preheating temperature, Δ T ' is preset temperature of heating plate gradient difference value, and Hn is
Part currently prints height；
Centralised temperature controller is according to heating layer temperature gradient difference DELTA T, the powder preheating temperature T of setting0And in real time
The part of acquisition currently prints height Hn, provides the temperature value of different heating unit 1 and heating plate 3, and heating unit is in
Temperature controller given temperature in centre sets the temperature of each hot spot vertically.
One kind of the invention passes through for selective laser melting unit powder preheating device and several heating units 1 is arranged,
Outer end is not necessarily to any heat preservation and cooling body, and structure is simple and easy to maintain, more practical.In addition, existing device is compared, this
The side that each heating unit 1 is embedded in formation cylinder main body 2 is invented, so that heat transfer efficiency is higher.One kind is selected for laser
1 heating temperature of heating unit of the control method of area's melting unit powder temperature, same layer is all identical, and once opens temperature and become
In constant, this simplifies the controls of temperature.Without temp measuring system, thermo parameters method only depends on metal powder in formation cylinder main body 2
The heat transfer at end and part.Finally, the side layering setting heating unit 1 of formation cylinder main body 2, makes 2 inside shape of formation cylinder main body
At a stable temperature gradient, enable part parallel practice Slow cooling in print procedure, reduces inside parts stress
It concentrates.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of control method for selective laser melting unit powder preheating device powder temperature, which is characterized in that use
One kind realizes for selective laser melting unit powder preheating device, specific structure are as follows: including along formation cylinder main body (2) height
N number of heating layer of directional spreding, each heating layer are arranged by several heating units (1) around formation cylinder main body (2) side for one week；
N number of heating layer is embedded in formation cylinder main body (2), and N number of heating layer is integrally formed with formation cylinder main body (2)；
The operating temperature of heating unit (1) is consistent in each heating layer, and the operating temperature in N number of heating layer is along forming
Successively constant gradient reduces cylinder main body (2) short transverse from top to bottom；
It further include the heating plate (3) below formation cylinder main body (2) bottom substrate；
The heating plate (3) is connected with centralised temperature controller；
Several described heating units (1) are connected with centralised temperature controller；
The control method specifically includes following steps；
Substrate is mounted on formation cylinder main body (2) bottom substrate by step 1, is opened heating plate (3), and the temperature of heating plate (3) is set
It is set to T0, T0For heating plate preheating temperature；
Step 2, note are followed successively by the first heating layer, the along N number of heating layer that formation cylinder main body (2) short transverse is distributed from top to bottom
Two heating layers ... .., N heating layer, formation cylinder main body (2) bottom substrate from the top movements of formation cylinder main body (2) at
During the bottom of shape cylinder main body (2), each heating layer is successively successively opened, and formation cylinder main body (2) bottom substrate moves to a certain
When heating layer, the heating unit of corresponding heating layer is opened, and the heating layer being located above the heating layer is kept it turned on, until
Part printing is completed, the heating temperature T of every layer of heating unitNIt is determined according to formula (1),
TN=T0-(N-1)ΔT (1)
In formula (1), T0For heating plate preheating temperature, Δ T is preset heating layer temperature gradient difference, and N is the layer of this layer
Number；
As part currently prints the variation of height, the heating temperature of the heating plate (3) below formation cylinder main body (2) bottom substrate
T’NConstantly variation, it is determining according to formula (2),
T’N=T0-HnΔT’ (2)
In formula (2), T0For heating plate preheating temperature, Δ T ' is preset temperature of heating plate gradient difference value, and Hn works as part
Preceding printing height.
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| CN201610871715.3A CN106623919B (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2016-09-30 | One kind being used for selective laser melting unit powder preheating device and its pre-heating mean |
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| CN201610871715.3A CN106623919B (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2016-09-30 | One kind being used for selective laser melting unit powder preheating device and its pre-heating mean |
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| CN106623919B true CN106623919B (en) | 2019-05-14 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP3867041B1 (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2024-02-28 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Additive manufacturing systems |
| CN113618084A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-11-09 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Powder bed additive manufacturing system and powder bed additive manufacturing method |
| CN114505501A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-05-17 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心 | Real-time heat treatment system and method for selective laser melting forming process |
| CN114406288B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-07-05 | 西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司 | Control method for graded preheating of powder bed and additive manufacturing device |
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