CN103283464B - Method for planting sea vegetables by shrimp pond aquaculture wastewater in intertidal zone of mid-subtropical monsoon climate region - Google Patents
Method for planting sea vegetables by shrimp pond aquaculture wastewater in intertidal zone of mid-subtropical monsoon climate region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for planting sea vegetables by shrimp pond aquaculture wastewater in an intertidal zone of a mid-subtropical monsoon climate region. The sea vegetables are used for filtering and removing pollutants in the aquaculture wastewater, and an efficient economic plant - mariculture composite technology is formed. Meanwhile, the intertidal zone is completely used for creating excavated shrimp pond sludge which is used for padding high ridges, the sea vegetables are planted on the ridges, the sea vegetables are used for absorbing and purifying the pollutants of the shrimp pond sludge, secondary pollution caused by culture pond sludge is reduced, and therefore an efficient artificial ecosystem is formed, wherein shrimps are cultivated in a pond, and the sea vegetables are planted on pond ridges.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding wastewater under middle subtropical zone monsoon climate area and beach precondition and utilize technology, specifically the beach in middle subtropical zone monsoon climate area utilizes the method for shrimp pond culture waste water plantation sea water vegetable.
Background technology
Along with the development of culture fishery, because cultivation density is too high, throw in the reasons such as bait and excretory product increase, aquiculture waste water becomes new pollution source gradually.The nutriment such as nitrogen, phosphorus in marine culture wastewater is the important pollution source of body eutrophication, and the load of vicinity waters nutriment is increased year by year.Except the self-pollution of breeding water body, the ridge, the pool on the cultivating large area shrimp pool is also wasted.In short supply at arable area, in the more and more serious situation of the water pollution that causes of cultivation, how to utilize breeding wastewater and the culture pond ridge to become major issue.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: utilize the breeding wastewater plantation sea water vegetable that is based upon the beach shrimp pool, middle subtropical zone monsoon climate area; filter and remove pollutant in breeding wastewater with sea water vegetable, can also purify water, protect the coupling of beach environment to utilize method thereby realize when efficiently utilizing beach.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is by the following technical solutions: the method for utilizing waste water plantation sea water vegetable in the shrimp pool on the beach in middle subtropical zone monsoon climate area, comprise the shrimp pool for conventional mariculture shrimp that builds on beach, and the breeding wastewater of this shrimp pool generation, comprise the following step:
(1), the ridge, the pool higher than the shrimp pool is selected at the shrimp side of a pond, remove the weeds on the ridge, the pool, plough deeply the ridge, pool soil, and choose weeds root and the rubble in the ridge, the pool, then, the earth of getting the ridge, the pool is piled up at shrimp pool periphery and is formed peripheral pool dykes and dams, taking shrimp pool bed mud is laid in centre in the dykes and dams of the pool to form the thickness that is covered in centre surface in the dykes and dams of the pool is the sediment layer of 35-40 centimetre, make centre in the dykes and dams of the pool form the furrow of planting sea water vegetable, and between peripheral pool dykes and dams and the furrow of central authorities, the irrigation canals and ditches around furrow are set, irrigation canals and ditches have the discharge outlet of opening or closing outside towards pool dykes and dams and that communicate with the shrimp pool, guarantee that pool dykes and dams are higher than furrow, furrow are higher than irrigation canals and ditches,
(2), in the time of the April, by furrow flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water, increase soil nutrient, after water oozes, sowing, floating fine earth, cover plastic foil, after seedling grows, morning or evening take off after plastic foil, epiphragma no longer later, spray shrimp pool waste water in every morning or evening 2 times afterwards, be limited so that ground is moistening, within every 2 days, pass through irrigation canals and ditches flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water 1 time again, but it is high that breeding wastewater height does not exceed furrow, then, allow moisture Natural Water ooze, keep ground moistening, wherein, the time that should guarantee each flood irrigation is in the afternoon after 4, note the mud in timely ditch cleaning simultaneously,
(3), in may part time, sea water vegetable still carries out flood irrigation 1 time in every 2 days, it is high that breeding wastewater height does not exceed furrow, but guarantee that the flood irrigation time is in the afternoon after 4:30, and after rainy day continuously, draining in time, and recharge breeding wastewater;
(4), in the time of the June, sea water vegetable needs every 3 days flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water 1 time, it is high that breeding wastewater height does not exceed furrow, and Natural Water oozes, flood irrigation in every 8 days keeps breeding wastewater height higher than at least 3 centimetres of furrow 1 time, before 8 of the next mornings, discharged by irrigation canals and ditches, irrigation time all should be in the afternoon after 5;
(5), in the time of the July, sea water vegetable still waters the shrimp pool waste water every day 1 time, is limited so that ground is moistening, once, but that breeding wastewater height does not exceed furrow is high in flood irrigation in every 5 days, pouring and flood irrigation time are still in the afternoon after 5;
(6), in the time of the August, every 2 days of sea water vegetable pouring 1 time, is limited so that ground is moistening, as runs into dry season, should carry out in time flood irrigation, but that breeding wastewater height does not exceed furrow is high, pouring and flood irrigation time are still in the afternoon after 5;
(7), in the time of the September, sea water vegetable still waters 1 time for every 3 days, is limited so that ground is moistening;
(8), in the time of the October, sea water vegetable do not need irrigate;
(9), in November part time, harvesting sea water vegetable.
Middle subtropical zone monsoon climate of the present invention area beach utilizes the beneficial effect of the method for shrimp pool waste water plantation sea water vegetable to be: by making full use of beach, on the ridge, the pool, plant sea water vegetable and water and plant with shrimp pond culture waste water, therefore sea water vegetable can be used as biological filter membrane, effectively remove the pollutant producing because throwing in bait and shrimp excretory product in breeding wastewater, the pollutant simultaneously accumulating in the bed mud of the shrimp pool also can be by taking out bed mud to be covered on the ridge, the pool, again by the absorption of soil media, the physics such as mineralising, chemical action is purified completely by soil and sea water vegetable system, and sea water vegetable is by absorbing the nutriment in aquaculture water, can reduce fertilizing amount, save planting cost, form economic plants-mariculture high efficiency composition technology, the one that simultaneously also makes full use of beach and create is excavated shrimp pool mud, with shrimp pool mud raising furrow, on furrow, plant sea water vegetable, utilize the pollutant of sea water vegetable absorption cleaning shrimp pool mud, reduce the secondary pollution that culture pond mud brings, thereby in the formation pool, support the high-efficiency artificial ecosystem of planting sea water vegetable on shrimp and the ridge, the pool.
The kind of the sea water vegetable that is applicable to said method provided by the invention can be glasswort.
The kind of the sea water vegetable that is applicable to said method provided by the invention can be that alkali is fluffy.
The invention provides the method that improved subtropics monsoon climate area beach utilizes shrimp pool waste water plantation sea water vegetable: the area of described furrow is 2 meters and is multiplied by 2 meters, while being convenient to flood irrigation sea water vegetable, moisture can fully infiltrate in furrow, reaches required soil moisture.
The invention provides the method that further improvement subtropics monsoon climate area beach utilizes shrimp pool waste water plantation sea water vegetable: 30 centimetres of described ditch width of the channels, dark 40 centimetres, make flood irrigation breeding wastewater energy flow into sea water vegetable growing area within a short period of time, also can discharge fast the rainwater because of heavy rain or heavy rain generation simultaneously, reduce the injury that accumulated water causes.
The invention provides the method that monsoon climate area, further improved subtropics beach utilizes shrimp pool waste water plantation sea water vegetable: described furrow are 1 to 4 with the Area Ratio on the shrimp pool, main because be that shale culture pond dykes and dams need certain width to maintain the fastness of the dykes and dams of culture pond, to ensure the pressure of culture pond water body and the impact of culture pond water body wave, especially typhoon season at ordinary times.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing explanation and specific embodiment, the present invention is further described in detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that builds on the shrimp pool, pool dykes and dams, furrow and irrigation canals and ditches on beach in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the affect schematic diagram of Different Irrigation Methods on glasswort plant height in test example one.
Fig. 3 is the affect schematic diagram of Different Irrigation Methods on glasswort dry mass in test example one.
Fig. 4 is the affect schematic diagram of Different Irrigation Methods on glasswort chlorophyll content in test example one.
Fig. 5 is the affect schematic diagram of Different Irrigation Methods on the fluffy plant height of alkali in test example two.
Fig. 6 is the affect schematic diagram of Different Irrigation Methods on the fluffy dry mass of alkali in test example two.
Fig. 7 is the affect schematic diagram of Different Irrigation Methods on the fluffy chlorophyll content in leaf blades of alkali in test example two.
Be concrete test example below.
Test example one
Test material: glasswort (Salicornia bigelovii Torr.)
Experimental scheme: test site is positioned at the Yongxing, Longwan District, Wenzhou City of the southeast, Zhejiang Province and encloses and cultivates southern sheet.This area belongs to middle subtropical zone monsoon climate, average annual rainfall approximately 1800 mm, and annual evaporation discharge is 1310 mm.
Beach in this section uses conventional method mariculture shrimp, has following cultivation flow process and main points:
(1), the requirement of building is selected on the shrimp pool
Selection is had abundant water resources, water quality is good, pollution-free, enter draining and build the pool in place easily, preferably use and newly open the pool; Shrimp pool area should not be too large, generally at 5～10 mu, and the dark 2～2.5m in pond, the depth of water 1.2～1.5m, shrimp pool gradient 1:2; The aerator of appropriate power is preferably installed on the shrimp pool, aerator has the effect that can stir after sufficient dissolved oxygen amount and fertilising, dispenser except guaranteeing the shrimp pool, can also make the shrimp pool form circulation and make dirt concentrate on the middle section in pond with certain flow velocity, be the clean habitat of shrimp growth creation as far as possible.
(2), put the preparation on the front shrimp pool in a suitable place to breed
Level the shrimp pool: put seedling first about 20 days, desilting, the arrangement shrimp pool.Level the shrimp pool after 10 days, toward 50～75kg/ mu quicklime for seawater injection 10cm in the pool, or 8 kgs/acre of sterilizations of bleaching powder.After 7～10 days, seawater injection enters the pool, makes the depth of water reach 0.8～1.5m.Note, discharge outlet put with 60 orders and 40 mesh sieve tulles respectively.
The water quality of fostering and apply fertilizer: every mu of depth of water 1m, execute carbonic hydroammonium 30kg, superphosphate 10kg or particle chicken manure 30～40kg cultivate food organisms, make Chi Shui be yellow green or dark brown, transparency 25～40cm, pH value 8.0 left and right, guarantee that water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free, dissolved oxygen amount is more than 5mg/l, to be rich in nutrition.
(3), seed is put in a suitable place to breed
The specification of shrimp seedling: putting high-quality shrimp seedling in a suitable place to breed is the assurance that improves survival rate and high yield.More than the best 2cm of shrimp seedling specification, general 1.2～1.5cm, is not less than 0.8cm; It is lower that too little shrimp seedling is formed survival rate.
Breeding density: the shrimp seedling of stocking size 1.2～1.5cm, cultivate about 90 days, calculate by 70% survival rate: it is 30000～40000 tail/mus that intensive culture mode is put seedling density, can produce shrimp 275～330kg; Carry out high density culture mode, the method for taking wheel to catch, breeding density can be up to 50000～60000 tail/mus, and mu can produce the fresh shrimp of 350～500kg.
Preparation before putting in a suitable place to breed: put seedling pond the previous day and will start aerator oxygenation, to guarantee the adaptive capacity of shrimp seedling and the survival rate of forming.
(4), feeding and management
Regulating and controlling water quality: (1) shrimp pool water colour regulation and control: the most conventional method is to discharge nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer by N/P ratio 20:1 in the shrimp pool, as discharged in early days fertilizer in the sheer water shrimp pool, topdressing amount is looked shrimp pool water transparency, pH value, water colour etc. and is grasped flexibly, can spraying fertilizer per week once, make the shrimp pool keep yellow green or umbrinaceous desirable water colour.In the cultivation middle and later periods, because water colour deepens, should suitably change water or execute a certain amount of zeolite powder or quicklime control water colour.While having ready conditions, should in the shrimp pool, discharge beneficial microbe as far as possible, if photosynthetic bacteria is to improve water colour, water quality.(2) shrimp pool pH value, dissolved oxygen amount, transparency regulation and control: suitable pH value is 7.8～8.5, can execute a time quicklime for every 20 days; Middle and later periods there will be pH value higher in cultivation, should be specifically noted that regulation and control, otherwise, can increase the toxicity of ammonia nitrogen, suppress the growth of shrimp.In the breeding process of this shrimp, along with shrimp body increases, also increasing to the demand of dissolved oxygen in water, so, start aerator depending on water quality condition intermittence, extend gradually the available machine time later, intensive culture and high-density breeding pond, to cultivation the middle and later periods need if desired 24 hours start, to guarantee that shrimp pool dissolved oxygen amount is more than 5mg/l, shrimp pool bottom dissolved oxygen amount will be more than 3mg/l, can not be lower than 2mg/l.Cultivation early stage, water transparence kept 25～40cm, and the middle and later periods remains on 35～50cm, if be less than 20cm, Ying Huanshui, added water or executed zeolite powder or quicklime; If transparency is excessive, can Nitrogen Top Dressing and phosphate fertilizer.
Science bait throwing in: (1) early stage (put seedling after 15 days in) is take biological basis bait as main, and intersect Steamed chicken cake, peanut press pulp, the fish gruel of boiling and the shrimp material of throwing something and feeding every day, daily ration of feeding is 10% of shrimp weight in wet base, every day, 7:00 and 19:00 threw something and fed 2 times.(2) mid-term (body long 3～10cm),, take particle diameter 0.5～1.5mm particle shrimp material of throwing something and feeding as main, the flesh of fish of smashing to pieces was once boiled in throwing in every 5 days, and daily ration of feeding is 4～7% of shrimp weight in wet base, and every day, 7:00,19:00,23:00 threw something and fed for tri-times.(3) the shrimp material of later stage (the shrimp body long 10 cm more than) particle diameter 1.5～2.0mm that throws something and feeds, daily ration of feeding is 2～4% of shrimp weight in wet base, and every day, 7:00,12:00,19:00,24:00 threw something and fed 4 times, and method is evenly to throw something and feed along limit, pond.
The flow process of utilizing shrimp pool waste water to plant is as follows:
(1), as shown in Figure 1, select the ridge, the pool 2 higher than the shrimp pool 1 on 1 limit, the shrimp pool, remove the weeds on the ridge, the pool 2, plough deeply the ridge, the pool 2 soil, and choose weeds root and the rubble on 2 li, the ridge, the pool, then, the earth of getting the ridge, the pool 2 is piled up at the shrimp pool 1 periphery and is formed peripheral pool dykes and dams 3, taking the shrimp pool 1 bed mud is laid in the interior centre of pool dykes and dams 3 to form the thickness that is covered in the interior centre of pool dykes and dams 3 surface is the sediment layer of 35-40 centimetre, make the interior centre of pool dykes and dams 3 form the furrow 4 of plantation glasswort, and between peripheral pool dykes and dams 3 and the furrow 4 of central authorities, the irrigation canals and ditches 5 around furrow are set, irrigation canals and ditches 5 have the discharge outlet of opening or closing 6 outside towards pool dykes and dams and that communicate with the shrimp pool, guarantee that pool dykes and dams 3 are higher than furrow 4, furrow 4 are higher than irrigation canals and ditches 5,
The area of single furrow 4 be 2 meters × 2 meters as experimental plot, the wide 30cm of irrigation canals and ditches 5, dark 40 cm, can set up the furrow 4 of multiple aforementioned specifications certainly, the gross area of furrow 4 is 1 to 4 with the Area Ratio on the shrimp pool 1., on the beach without culture pond, also set up and identical above experimental plot meanwhile, be used for contrasting by common seawater planting mode: in the community that is covered with bed mud, water breeding wastewater, and water seawater on the beach without culture pond.
Then, complete once foster shrimp operation be advisable with three months, carry out twice and support shrimp operation in 1 year between April to October, sea water vegetable is once planted operation, and the mode of utilizing of prawn pool waste water is carried out according to following steps:
(2), in the time of the April, by furrow 4 flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water, increase soil nutrient, after water oozes, broadcast glasswort seed, floating fine earth, cover plastic foil, after seedling grows, morning or evening take off after plastic foil, epiphragma no longer later, spray shrimp pool waste water in every morning or evening 2 times afterwards, be limited so that ground is moistening, within every 2 days, pass through irrigation canals and ditches flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water 1 time again, but breeding wastewater height does not exceed furrow 4 height, then, allow moisture Natural Water ooze, keep ground moistening, wherein, the time that should guarantee each flood irrigation is in the afternoon after 4, note the mud in timely ditch cleaning 5 simultaneously,
(3), in may part time, glasswort still carries out flood irrigation 1 time in every 2 days, it is high that breeding wastewater height does not exceed furrow, but guarantee that the flood irrigation time is in the afternoon after 4:30, and after rainy day continuously, draining in time, and recharge breeding wastewater;
(4), in the time of the June, glasswort needs every 3 days flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water 1 time, breeding wastewater height does not exceed furrow 4 height, and Natural Water oozes, flood irrigation in every 8 days keeps breeding wastewater height higher than 4 at least 3 centimetres of furrow 1 time, before 8 of the next mornings, discharged by irrigation canals and ditches 5, irrigation time all should be in the afternoon after 5; This can offer the certain nutrient component of glasswort, also can purify shrimp pond culture waste water simultaneously;
(5), in the time of the July, glasswort starts to bloom, water requirement reduces gradually, but because temperature is still higher, soil evaporativeness is also larger, therefore, glasswort is still watered the shrimp pool waste water every day 1 time, is limited so that ground is moistening, and flood irrigation in every 5 days once, but breeding wastewater height does not exceed furrow 4 height, pouring and flood irrigation time are still in the afternoon after 5;
(6), in the time of the August, glasswort is solid, water requirement still gradually reduce, glasswort pouring in every 2 days 1 time, is limited so that ground is moistening, as runs into dry season, should carry out in time flood irrigation, but breeding wastewater height does not exceed furrow 4 height, pouring and flood irrigation time are still in the afternoon after 5;
(7), in the time of the September, glasswort water requirement continue reduce, glasswort is still watered 1 time for every 3 days, is limited so that ground is moistening;
(8), in the time of the October, it is ripe that glasswort is tending towards, substantially without the water yield, glasswort does not need to irrigate;
(9), in November part time, glasswort maturation, harvesting glasswort.
The glasswort idiographic flow that the common seawater pouring mode of group is planted is as a comparison as follows:
(1), arrange behind the ridge, the pool, set up the furrow of 2 meters × 2 meters, shop fixtures mud not on furrow;
(2), after planting, adopt seawater pouring, afternoons 4, point, every day twice, sprinkled water;
(3), seed germination is to taking root, and after 30 days, adopts flood irrigation, once a day, dark 2 centimetres of the furrow water surface is advisable, and can stop after 1 hour and emit;
(4), seedling grows to 30 days, adopts flood irrigation, 2 days are once;
(5), reduce flood irrigation number of times after blooming, 4 days once, and the water surface, not higher than furrow, infiltrates naturally;
(6) flood irrigation in latter 5 days of, by the time setting seeds, the water surface, not higher than furrow, infiltrates naturally;
(7), approach when ripe, substantially without the water yield, glasswort does not need flood irrigation;
(8) harvesting when, ripe.
Two kinds of pouring modes of duration of test are not all applied fertilizer, and clear up weeds in time, prevent damage by disease and insect.In the time that seedling grows to 7～10 cm, strain spacing approximately 6 cm × 7 cm.In flowering stage (on July 19th, 2012), spend latter 15 days and 30 days collected specimens, carry out plant height, the mensuration of dry mass and chlorophyll content.
1 mensuration project and method
The mensuration of 1.1 plant heights and stem foot
With tape measure amount plant height.
The mensuration of 1.2 the upperground part biomass
Get plant overground part, be placed in baking oven degree and complete 15 minutes at 105 ℃, then dry to constant weight with 70 ℃.Claim to obtain biomass.
1.3 chlorophyll content
Take 0. 1 g blades, be cut into respectively several sections and put into 25 mL absolute ethyl alcohols and acetone (volume 1: 1) extract, under 25 ℃ of dark conditions, extract 24 h, measure the light absorption value of extract at 665,649 and 470 nm places, close generation method with reference to Lee and calculate chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, Chlorophyll and carotenoid content.
1.4 data processing
Adopt SPSS software to carry out variance analysis and LSD test of significance to test data.Data result is mean value+standard deviation (mean+SD).Adopt the mapping of SigmaPlot10.0 software.
2 results and analysis:
The impact of 2.1 Different Irrigation Methods on glasswort growth
As shown in Figure 2, note: in Fig. 2, different lowercases represent Different Irrigation Methods significant difference under 0.05 level, lower same.Compared with seawater pouring, be covered with the glasswort of planting on culture pond bed mud by breeding wastewater pouring after its plant height increased respectively 10.0%, 11.2% and 14.3%, all reach significance level (P< 0.05).
By changing from glasswort Aboveground Biomass of Young in Fig. 3, when July 19, August 3 and August 18, breeding wastewater pouring is processed lower its dry mass and is respectively 1.5,1.3 and 1.3 times of seawater irrigation, all reaches significance level (P< 0.05).Show that bed mud and breeding wastewater have promoted the growth of glasswort.
As shown in Figure 4, breeding wastewater pouring has improved glasswort chlorophyll content, and increases respectively 10.1%, 68.8% and 12.8% than seawater irrigation respectively, all reaches significant difference (P< 0.05).
3 conclusions
From data, breeding wastewater pouring can improve the chlorophyll content of glasswort, promote plant photosynthetic capacity, thereby improve the plant height of plant, and then increase the output of plant, therefore, utilize the method for shrimp pool waste water plantation sea water vegetable can improve the growth of sea water vegetable-glasswort, be better than seawater pouring mode.
Test example two
Test material: alkali fluffy (Suaeda salsa Linn.)
Except the glasswort in test example one is replaced with alkali fluffy, process of the test is all identical with embodiment mono-, is also provided with common seawater pouring mode and plants group as a comparison.Result of the test detection method is also identical with embodiment mono-.
Results and analysis: as shown in Figure 5, the pouring of shrimp pond culture waste water has improved the fluffy plant height of alkali.Compared with seawater irrigation, when July 21, August 5 and August 20, breeding wastewater is irrigated and has been improved respectively 1.09,1.06 and 1.06 times, all reaches significance level (P< 0.05).
As shown in Figure 6, July 21, August 5 and shrimp pond culture waste water irrigation on August 20 have increased respectively 20.0%, 26.9% and 21.8% than seawater irrigation, all reach significance level (P< 0.05).Show, breeding wastewater is irrigated and has been promoted the growth that alkali is fluffy.
As shown in Figure 7, breeding wastewater is irrigated and has been promoted leaf chlorophyll synthetic.Compared with seawater irrigation, July 21, August 5 and the fluffy chlorophyll content of shrimp aquaculture waste water raising alkali on August 20 are respectively 20.4%, 39.9% and 89.1%.
3 conclusions
In sum, breeding wastewater is irrigated and has been promoted the fluffy chlorophyll of alkali synthetic, thereby has improved the photosynthetic capacity of plant, and then has improved the growth of plant, has increased the output of plant.Therefore, utilize the method for shrimp pool waste water plantation sea water vegetable can improve the fluffy growth of sea water vegetable-alkali, be better than seawater pouring mode.
Test example three: the detergent power test of sea water vegetable to breeding wastewater
For trying material: glasswort (Salicornia Europaea Torr.) and alkali fluffy (Suaeda salsa Linn.)
Experimental scheme: be checking glasswort, the fluffy prawn culturing water purification of alkali ability, on May 12nd, 2011 has been carried out water culture experiment in the glass greenhouse booth of base, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute Yongxing.This test is provided with culture of Penaeus vannamei waste water A group and seawater B group.In the plastic box of 610mm × 430mm × 370mm, inject 40L shrimp aquaculture waste water, fluffy each 12 strains of the glasswort that establiss is consistent and alkali, spacing in the rows 7 cm × 7cm, each Turnover Box is a repetition, every Plants arranges 3 repetitions, and 1 the culture of Penaeus vannamei waste water without sea water vegetable is respectively set as blank.Test has been carried out 30 days altogether.
1 mensuration project
1.1 measure the biomass of plant height and acrial part
When on-test and end, with tape measure amount plant height.Get plant overground part, be placed in baking oven degree and complete 15 minutes at 105 0C, then dry to constant weight with 70 0C.Claim to obtain biomass.
1.2 measure water quality
Ammonia nitrogen, nitrous acid and nitrous acid nitrogen in water are used respectively Na's colorimetry, Pbenoldisulfonic Acid method and spectrophotometry.Phosphate content in water is measured according to potassium peroxydisulfate-molybdenum blue (Potassium persulfater-molybdenum blue) method.
2 results and analysis
Glasswort and the fluffy growing state of alkali under 2.1 different culture fluid conditions
Glasswort and alkali are fluffy at all energy normal growths of whole duration of test, and through the cultivation of 30 days, fluffy plant height, the biomass of glasswort and alkali all changed.From table 1 and table 2, be better than seawater group at the plant strain growth of culture of Penaeus vannamei waste water group.
The growth of glasswort under the different culture fluid conditions of table 1
The fluffy growth of alkali under the different culture fluid conditions of table 2
2.2 water quality appearance change
Culture of Penaeus vannamei waste water without sea water vegetable plantation was placed after 30 days, and its water body is color and luster muddiness still, and with H2S stink.Compared with the control, A, two groups of experimental group glassworts of B and alkali are fluffy to be cultivated after 30 days, and it is limpid that it cultivates rear water body transparent color and luster, without obvious peculiar smell.
The fluffy impact on water nutrition overall target of 2.3 glassworts and alkali
Table 3 glasswort its water quality index under different culture fluid conditions changes
Fluffy its water quality index variation under different growth conditionss of table 4 alkali
3 conclusions
Known according to above data, culture of Penaeus vannamei waste water is cultivated glasswort and the fluffy growth that promotes plant of alkali.Meanwhile, breeding wastewater is after glasswort and the fluffy purification of alkali, and the nutritive salt in water quality obviously reduces, and illustrates that the nutritive salt in the fluffy prawn culturing waste water of glasswort and alkali has good removal effect, can effectively improve water quality.
Claims (4)
1. middle subtropical zone monsoon climate area beach utilizes the method for shrimp pond culture waste water plantation sea water vegetable, described sea water vegetable is that glasswort or alkali are fluffy, comprise and build on the shrimp pool for conventional mariculture shrimp on beach, and the breeding wastewater of this shrimp pool generation, it is characterized in that comprising the following step:
(1), the ridge, the pool higher than the shrimp pool is selected at the shrimp side of a pond, remove the weeds on the ridge, the pool, plough deeply the ridge, pool soil, and choose weeds root and the rubble in the ridge, the pool, then, the earth of getting the ridge, the pool is piled up at shrimp pool periphery and is formed peripheral pool dykes and dams, taking shrimp pool bed mud is laid in centre in the dykes and dams of the pool to form the thickness that is covered in centre surface in the dykes and dams of the pool is the sediment layer of 35-40 centimetre, make centre in the dykes and dams of the pool form the furrow of planting sea water vegetable, and between peripheral pool dykes and dams and the furrow of central authorities, the irrigation canals and ditches around furrow are set, irrigation canals and ditches have the discharge outlet of opening or closing outside towards pool dykes and dams and that communicate with the shrimp pool, guarantee that pool dykes and dams are higher than furrow, furrow are higher than irrigation canals and ditches,
(2), in the time of the April, by furrow flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water, increase soil nutrient, after water oozes, sowing, floating fine earth, cover plastic foil, after seedling grows, morning or evening take off after plastic foil, epiphragma no longer later, spray shrimp pool waste water in every morning or evening 2 times afterwards, be limited so that ground is moistening, within every 2 days, pass through irrigation canals and ditches flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water 1 time again, but it is high that breeding wastewater height does not exceed furrow, then, allow moisture Natural Water ooze, keep ground moistening, wherein, the time that should guarantee each flood irrigation is in the afternoon after 4, note the mud in timely ditch cleaning simultaneously,
(3), in may part time, sea water vegetable still carries out flood irrigation 1 time in every 2 days, it is high that breeding wastewater height does not exceed furrow, but guarantee that the flood irrigation time is in the afternoon after 4:30, and after rainy day continuously, draining in time, and recharge breeding wastewater;
(4), in the time of the June, sea water vegetable needs every 3 days flood irrigation shrimp pool waste water 1 time, it is high that breeding wastewater height does not exceed furrow, and Natural Water oozes, every 8 days flood irrigation breeding wastewaters 1 time, keep water layer higher than at least 3 centimetres of furrow, before 8 of the next mornings, discharged by irrigation canals and ditches, irrigation time all should be in the afternoon after 5;
(5), in the time of the July, sea water vegetable still waters the shrimp pool waste water every day 1 time, is limited so that ground is moistening, once, but that breeding wastewater height does not exceed furrow is high in flood irrigation in every 5 days, pouring and flood irrigation time are still in the afternoon after 5;
(6), in the time of the August, every 2 days of sea water vegetable pouring 1 time, is limited so that ground is moistening, as runs into dry season, should carry out in time flood irrigation, but that breeding wastewater height does not exceed furrow is high, pouring and flood irrigation time are still in the afternoon after 5;
(7), in the time of the September, sea water vegetable still waters 1 time for every 3 days, is limited so that ground is moistening;
(8), in the time of the October, sea water vegetable do not need irrigate;
(9), in November part time, harvesting sea water vegetable.
2. middle subtropical zone monsoon climate according to claim 1 area beach utilizes the method for shrimp pond culture waste water plantation sea water vegetable, it is characterized in that: the area of described furrow is 2 meters and is multiplied by 2 meters.
3. middle subtropical zone monsoon climate according to claim 2 area beach utilizes the method for shrimp pond culture waste water plantation sea water vegetable, it is characterized in that: 30 centimetres of described ditch width of the channels, dark 40 centimetres.
4. the method for utilizing shrimp pond culture waste water plantation sea water vegetable according to the middle subtropical zone monsoon climate area beach described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that: described furrow are 1 to 4 with the Area Ratio on the shrimp pool.
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| CN103988768B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-01-27 | 内蒙古科技大学 | A kind of method utilizing spirulina breeding waste water vegetable aquaculture |
| CN105028280A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-11-11 | 宁波市海洋与渔业研究院 | Seepweed and portunus trituberculatus co-cultivating mode in seawater pond |
| CN105794625A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-07-27 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Large-density seawater culture device |
| CN106717750A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-05-31 | 防城港市鑫润养殖有限公司 | A kind of method that beach sea shrimp breeding wastewater plants sea water vegetable |
| CN109328833B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2022-03-18 | 浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所 | Mangrove forest area transplanting coupling big-elastic mudskipper breeding method |
| CN109329132B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2022-03-18 | 浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所 | Method for breeding big mudskipper in mangrove forest area |
| CN109328832B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2022-03-18 | 浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所 | Planting and breeding coupling method for big mudskipper in mangrove forest area |
| CN110230290B (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2021-06-04 | 江苏健达交通工程有限公司 | Method for transforming sludge of sewage ditch into drainage ditch |
| CN110731279B (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-12-28 | 长江大学 | Method for improving spawning rate of artificial bionic breeding ricefield eels in greenhouse |
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