CN108718966A - A kind of rice mechanization production rush returning total stalks into fields integrated approach - Google Patents
A kind of rice mechanization production rush returning total stalks into fields integrated approach Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting technical fields, disclose a kind of rice mechanization production rush returning total stalks into fields integrated approach, are suitble to machine transplanting of rice new varieties, medicine, fertilizer, hydroscience to plan strategies for by selection, cultivate and strengthen seedling；Under the nondecreasing precondition of biomass, shorten stalk basal internode, reduce ineffective tillering, control plant height and sword-like leave length, enhances lodging resistance.Harvester installs stalk disintegrating apparatus, machine time receiving stalk full dose crushes spray and lets out, tractor-ploughing is impregnated corruption and is macerated, draught engine is inserted after 2 days, is realized machine receipts, tractor-ploughing, the machine transplanting of rice and corresponding cultivation techniques and is blended, and is promoted the crushing corruption of stalk full dose and is macerated returning to the field, restore soil fertility, prevent to burn, reduce chemical fertilizer, pesticide dosage, promotees the sustainable production of rice, green production.There is practicability in production, has feasibility in popularization, it is technically advantageous.The present invention promotes agricultural volume increase, increasing peasant income, improves rural environment, economic benefit and social benefit are very notable, have a extensive future.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting technical fields more particularly to a kind of production of rice mechanization to promote returning total stalks into fields
Integrated approach.
Background technology
For a long time, in Rice Production, the phenomenon that peasant largely uses chemical fertilizer, is very universal, not only so that planting cost
Rising, also cause farmland hardened and face source water body eutrophication, lead to many problem of environmental pollutions.Rice passes through application
Excessive chemical fertilizer makes rice nutrition superfluous, and rice straw yield is also constantly rising.Currently, south China double cropping of rice, double rush for harvesting and sowing phase
Between, peasant not only causes air pollution, but also broken to strive for that farming season season, stalk carry out returning to the field essentially by burning mode
Bad soil texture, great pressure is caused to environment at the problems such as causing farm land quality to decline.Straw-returning, which has, promotes soil
Organic matter increases, reduces fertilizer amount；Improve guarantor's accumulation of energy power of soil moisture；Improve tree characteristics, improves crop yield；Improve
Soil property increases crumb structure, enhances many advantages, such as lodging tolerance.Straw-returning getting fat production-increasing function is notable, generally
5%~10% can be increased production, but to reach such effect, not a duck soup.Therefore rational straw-returning measure, ability are taken
Play good field effect.Straw-returning is generally divided into stack retting returning to the field, crosses the modes such as abdomen returning to the field, straw directly returning to field, and adopts
Take the mode of the direct total crop return of stalk fairly simple, convenient, fast, saving of labor.
At the same time, rice planting mechanization is the developing direction of China's rice technology.Mechanization In Rice Sowing And Planting operation can
Labor amount 40% is reduced, work efficiency is increased substantially.Mechanization In Rice Sowing And Planting is carried forward vigorously, Rice Production can be not only solved
Labor shortage problem improves the labor productivity of Rice Production, and can be also to realize Rice Production cost-saving synergistic, increases
The important channel of farmers' income.
By development in recent years, in Rice Production machine receipts, tractor-ploughing, machine transplanting of rice etc. achieve greater advance, tractor-ploughing, machine receive water
Soft step is promoted, but mechanized planting is the bottleneck problem that Rice Production promotes entire mechanization.The double cropping of rice area in China, by
More nervous in the season of growth, the length of time rice seedlings grow is long to bring many difficulties to mechanized planting, causes transplanting effect bad.Selection is suitable
The machine transplanting of rice kind of conjunction and seedling and be the key that restricting current machine rice transplantation.Additionally, there may be emergence neatly differ, miss in seedling setting rate
High, higher seed rate, which causes group excessive etc., to be overcome the problems, such as, standard plate, floppy disk seedling, double film seedling, disc stack secretly standards such as emergence
Seedling-cultivation technique develops, and has greatly pushed the development of mechanized planting.
In conclusion existing double cropping of rice mechanization production technology there are the problem of,Rice straw carries out returning to the field in a manner of burning
Cause environmental pollution, suitable for the machine transplanting of rice arrange in pairs or groups it is of less types, seedling-cultivation technique is not all right to cause machine transplanting of rice seedling quality poor, tractor-ploughing, the machine transplanting of rice,
Three most important link mechanization equipments such as machine receipts do not match, can not total crop return, machine transplanting of rice effect to derive rice straw
It is undesirable, and be difficult to be widely applied implementation.
The present invention rice tractor-ploughing, the machine transplanting of rice, machine are received etc. three most important links mechanization equipment carry out it is organic it is mating with
The technologies such as seedling plantation are integrated.By installing grinding device additional in rice harvesting machinery exit, stalk is crushed into spray and is let out, is led to
The total crop return that stalk is macerated and realized in corruption of applying fertilizer is crossed after ploughing machine, the difficult point of decomposed stalk is solved,Not onlyConvenient, fast, province
Work, and be conducive to improve soil property and improve organic matter, crop yield is improved, environment is protected.The present invention also passes through more
Year experiment, has screened a collection of suitable double rice cropping system machine transplanting of rice new varieties, has been planned strategies for by medicine, fertilizer, hydroscience, realizes that one broadcasts full stand, opens
Invasive proposition rice shoot founds key technologies of going to the field etc. after needle, summarizes a set of cultivate and strengthens seedling and machine transplanting of rice high-yield culture technique strategy, to
Effective method is provided for the production of rice entire mechanization.
The present invention has reached the technical specification of " have practicability in production, have feasibility in popularization, is technically advantageous ".This
Inventive method had not only solved the pollution and harm that field crop straw burning is brought, but also can improve soil, culture fertility, and it is strong to mitigate labour
Degree improves Rice Production efficiency, promotes agricultural volume increase, increasing peasant income, improves rural environment, economic benefit and social benefit are very
Significantly, it is a new method having a extensive future.
Invention content
In view of the problems of the existing technology, it is produced the present invention provides a kind of rice mechanization and promotees returning total stalks into fields collection
At method.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of rice mechanization production promotees returning total stalks into fields integrated approach, the rice
Mechanization production promote returning total stalks into fields integrated approach, by install additional crush spray let out device realizes and formed returning total stalks into fields pass
Key technology solves double cropping of rice and is pressed for time and quick composting stalk difficult point, sustainable agriculture production.When mechanical harvest, harvester
Installation stalk crushes spray and lets out equipment at rear molding screening, and in harvesting, the full spray of crushing is let out entirely for threshing, realizes 100% returning full of stalk
Field.When tractor-ploughing, increase base manure nitrogenous fertilizer proportion by the way that vola fertilizer is appropriate under mechanical site preparation, accelerates crushing straw immersion corruption and macerate, apply
Herbicide is closed, can complete straw decomposing after 2 days does not influence paddy growth；When the machine transplanting of rice, selects and is suitble to machine transplanting of rice new varieties,
Medicine, fertilizer, hydroscience reasonable arrange-ment, vertical needle are gone to the field, outdoor exercise, are cultivated and are strengthened seedling, it can be achieved that 100% emergence；Planting density is adjusted,
Guarantor's fetilizer for tillering is applied after jointing and fringe granulated fertilizer is conducive to shorten stalk basal internode, is reduced ineffective tillering, is controlled plant height and sword-like leave length,
To improve rice yield, chemical fertilizer input is reduced.
Further, the machine transplanting of rice new varieties include：
Early rice, sprouting stage is low temperature resistant, better resistance, large-spike cultivar；
Semilate rice, stalk is sturdy, fringe grain is simultaneously heavy, ear period high temperature resistant kind；
Late rice, high-quality, anti-fall, the later stage is low temperature resistant, fringe grain and heavy kind；
Ratooning rice, within 120 days breeding times, 1 meter of plant height, head season high temperature resistant, the strong kind of power of regeneration；
Double cropping of rice breeding time controlled within 225 days.
Further, the machine transplanting of rice new varieties type of seeding includes：
(1) it ripe kind late in 100-115 days breeding time of early rice, was sowed before and after March 22, by the end of June neat fringe, mid or late July
It is ripe；Early seasonal strain within 100 days breeding times lags 1 week and sows；
Late rice is sowed before and after June 25, under the precondition at the not super length of time rice seedlings grow, September neat fringe of safety before 20 days；
Ratooning rice is sowed before and after March 25, neat fringe before July 10, harvesting head season before August 10 days, avoids ear period high warm
Evil influences；Regenerate season September neat fringe on the 20th；
(2) matrix seedling, with pulverize and sieve loess and seedling matrix in 2 to 1 ratio it is even mix bunker, subsoil accounts for 80%,
Blinding accounts for 20%；
Often disk application rate：26 grams of thousand grain weigth or more, sow 75 grams；26 grams of seeds below of mass of 1000 kernel, often disk broadcast
Kind amount is at 65 grams；
Moisture-inhibiting subsoil, blanket seedling subsoil put down the sufficient water of leaching, after planting drench a water again；
Temperature control moisturizing, Back Word type double plate stack, four angle alignments, the high epiphragma moisturizing of pile 10-20 disks；
Selection makees rice seedling bed in the relatively low field of crop field Relatively centralized, irrigation and drainage convenience, traffic convenience, level of ground water；
Thin whole rice seedling bed, 3-5 days whole good rice seedling beds before lower seedling；
Vertical needle is gone to the field, and after needle is found in epiphragma moisturizing, seedling disk is moved into rice seedling bed, 100% seedling；
Water-raised seedling under seedling disk behind rice seedling bed, absorbs humidity of seedbed by root system and meets seedling growth；
(3) water-raised seedling after seedling disk is gone to the field, sends 5% thimet of protection against rodents bird repellent, 200 times of liquid disk sprayings forth in time；
After seedling disk is gone to the field, early rice to plug in bow epiphragma heat preservation, in, late rice fill half disk deep water seedling-protection；
3-5 days before transplanting, sprays medicine fertilizer mixed solution fertilizer of standing up and transfer medicine with sending.
Further comprise：
(1) it ploughs and macerates in advance, coarse cultivated crop field of macerating is primary within 10-15 days in advance, and it is carefully whole to complete intensive cultivation again within 2-3 days before rice transplanting；
(2) vola fertilizer under, is ploughed before macerating, base fertilizer, base manure Base-appling once；
(3) flat field corruption is macerated, and spreads fertilizer over the fields 35% 160 grams of benzyl fourths herbicide, is retained 2-3 days.
Further comprise：
(1) control the length of time rice seedlings grow, early rice and the 25-30 days ratooning rice length of time rice seedlings grow, in, the 20-25 days late rice length of time rice seedlings grow；
(2) density is adjusted, according to breediness and Ji Bie, adjusts mechanical seedling taking amount and spacing in the rows；
(3) debugging machinery has overhauled rice transplanter, and sliding position injects lubricating oil, dallies 5-10 minutes.
Further comprise：
(1) insect pest preventing and controlling, initial stage jointing stage, with 10% hexaconazole, 10 milliliter/mu diseases prevention, insect pest conventional control；
(2) reasonable fertilizer selects paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer, double cropping late rice to increase nitrogenous fertilizer proportion in base manure；
(3) base manure：Fetilizer for tillering：Ear manuer, early rice press 5:3:2, semilate rice presses 4：3：3, late rice presses 5：2：3 applications；
(4) top dressing is applied late, is applied within 13-15 days after cultivation and is protected fetilizer for tillering, the side row main fringe 4-5 phases apply fringe granulated fertilizer；
(5) nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount is determined；
Medium fertility field
500 kgs/acre of early rice target output uses 10.5 kilograms of purity nitrogen, 5 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide 10 public per acre
Jin.
600 kgs/acre of semilate rice target output uses 12.5 kilograms of purity nitrogen, 5 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide 10 public per acre
Jin.
550 kgs/acre of late rice target output uses 11.5 kilograms of purity nitrogen, 4.5 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide 8 per acre
Kilogram.
(6) crop field weeding adds 20% 5 fluorine semi-annular jade pendant grass amine to be watered 15 public affairs with 100 milliliters of cyhalofop-butyl compounding agent per acre after rice transplanting
Worm weed eradication is controlled in spraying to jin together；
Ridge weeding carries out management of weeds with bispyribac-sodium.
Further comprise：
(1) low stake machine is received, the low stake harvesting of ratooning rice head season；The low stake harvesting of double cropping of rice；
(2) the medium-and-large-sized combine harvester of full feed type, installation stalk crushes spray and lets out equipment at rear molding screening, is taken off in harvesting
Grain, full dose crush full dose spray and let out.
In conclusion advantages of the present invention and good effect are：The method of the present invention is by using stalk mechanization returning full
Field increases production and improves productivity significantly to Rice Production, and double cropping of rice whole year returning to the field biology fresh weight amount can save chemical fertilizer up to 800~1000 kilograms
80 yuan of input, increasing production of rice 8~10% per acre, per acre double seasons by cost-saving synergistic up to 280 yuan.Pass through stalk mechanization total crop return
Mode, agricultural land soil surface layer (0~5 centimetre) nutrient content are all remarkably higher than non-total crop return mode, and soil organic matter, complete
Nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content are incremented by with soil profile and are gradually reduced.At the same time, the method for the present invention discloses suitable
Double cropping of rice machine transplanting of rice new varieties.By suitably increasing base manure nitrogenous fertilizer proportion in site preparation in key technology, may be implemented to complete straw in 2 days
Stalk is decomposed, may advantageously facilitate rice tillering, macerates time shortening 5 days than common corruption；Transplanting founds needle and goes to the field, it can be achieved that 100% goes out
Seedling.Guarantor's fetilizer for tillering is applied after jointing in key technology and fringe granulated fertilizer is conducive to shorten stalk basal internode, reduce ineffective tillering, control
Plant height and sword-like leave length reduce lodging incidence 20~40%.
The method of the present invention had not only solved the pollution and harm that field crop straw burning is brought, but also can improve soil, culture fertility,
It reduces labor intensity, improves Rice Production efficiency, promote agricultural volume increase, increasing peasant income, improve rural environment, economic benefit and society
Meeting benefit is very notable, and the present invention carried out experiment and demonstration by 5 years in Fuzhou City double rice cropping system, and promotional technique is applied up to more than 9800
Mu, having reached in production has practicability, has feasibility in popularization, technically advantageous to wait technical characterstics, is one in double rice cropping system
The new method that item has a extensive future.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that rice mechanization production provided in an embodiment of the present invention promotees returning total stalks into fields integrated approach flow chart.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, rice mechanization production rush returning total stalks into fields integrated approach provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes
Following steps：
S101：It is suitble to machine transplanting of rice new varieties, medicine, fertilizer, hydroscience to plan strategies for by selection, cultivates and strengthen seedling；It is not reduced in biomass
Precondition under, shorten stalk basal internode, reduce ineffective tillering, control plant height and sword-like leave length, enhance lodging resistance；
S102：Harvester installs stalk disintegrating apparatus, and machine time receiving stalk full dose crushes spray and lets out, and tractor-ploughing is impregnated corruption and macerated, after 2 days
The machine transplanting of rice is drained, machine receipts, tractor-ploughing, the machine transplanting of rice and corresponding cultivation techniques is realized and blends, promotees the crushing corruption of stalk full dose and macerates returning to the field；
S103：Multiple soil fertility, prevents to burn, and reduces chemical fertilizer, pesticide dosage, promotees the sustainable production of rice, green production.
Rice mechanization production provided in an embodiment of the present invention promotees returning total stalks into fields integrated approach and specifically includes following step
Suddenly：
1. selected kind is taken into account, semilate rice high temperature resistance sooner or later, it is ensured that the neat fringe of safety.
According to adaptation machine transplanting of rice screening varieties experiment and demonstration in recent years as a result, more machine transplanting of rice kind is suitble to have：
The sprouting stages such as early rice pool two excellent 83, mound two excellent 722, strain two excellent 171 and middle morning 35 are low temperature resistant, better resistance, large spike product
Kind.
Semilate rice emblem two excellent 9810, the excellent China in day account for and the stalks such as emblem two excellent 280 are sturdy, fringe grain and heavy, ear period high temperature resistant product
Kind.
Five excellent China of late rice accounts for, the excellent duopoly of everything, safe excellent 390,666 and river in Zhejiang Province excellent 1538 etc. of safe excellent 398, five excellent boat are high-quality, anti-
, the later stage is low temperature resistant, fringe grain and heavy kind.
The excellent boat 666 of ratooning rice five, emblem two excellent 280, safe excellent 390, safe excellent 98 and five excellent 662 etc. late rices (or semilate rice is precocious)
Within 120 days or so breeding time, 1 meter of plant height, head season high temperature resistant, the strong kind of power of regeneration.
The control of double cropping of rice breeding time is within 225 days (except japonica rice).
2. beginning sowing in good time, one broadcasts full stand, cultivates and strengthen seedling.
2.1 beginning sowing in good time
In 100-115 days breeding time of early rice late ripe kind, sowed before and after March 22, by the end of June neat fringe, mid or late July at
It is ripe；Early seasonal strain within 100 days breeding times suitably lags 1 week and sows, prevents booting in advance, and avoiding being trembled with fear by Grain Full influences, and causes
Ying spends degeneration.
Late rice is sowed before and after June 25 and (is determined with specific reference to preceding stubble maturity period and safe full heading date), at the not super length of time rice seedlings grow
Under precondition, it is ensured that September neat fringe of safety before 20 days.
Ratooning rice is sowed before and after March 25, neat fringe before July 10, harvesting head season before August 10 days, avoids ear period high warm
Evil influences；Regenerate season September (before cold dew wind) Qi Sui on the 20th.
2.2 broadcast full stand
2.2.1 elite seed.Seed germination experiment is carried out before sowing, it is desirable that percentage of seedgermination should be 80% or more, cleanliness
96% or more, otherwise can influence it is even broadcast, Qi Miao.
2.2.2 matrix seedling.With loess (within 0.5 centimetre of native diameter) and seedling matrix is pulverized and sieved, (middle brocade board seedling is female
Matter) in 2 to 1 ratio even mix bunker.Mechanical dry sowing, assembly line sowing, subsoil account for 80%, blinding and account for 20%.Control seedling diseases prevention, seedling
Neat robust seedling, stem thickness root is prosperous, and huge rock root is moderate, starts shipment and does not dissipate, is conveniently operated, and reduces damage and leakage is inserted, shorten period of seedling establishment.
2.2.3 fine sowing.Often disk (7 cun of hard disks) application rate：26 grams of thousand grain weigth or more, 75 grams are sowed, is advocated
Broken chest sowing；26 grams of seeds below, often disk application rate at 65 grams or so, sow, and controls thickness of sowing by promotion band bud.
2.2.4 moisture-inhibiting subsoil.Blanket seedling subsoil puts down the sufficient water of leaching, after planting drenches a water again, ensures that subsoil moisture is saturating plentifully
It is wet, meet germination water demand, then be covered with soil, blinding is unable to water drenching, otherwise influences seed bud and breathes freely unfavorable full stand.Subsoil and
The necessary square position face of blinding, ensures blanket seedling stromal thickness, is otherwise unfavorable for cultivating strong seedling, occurs root layer fracture when starting shipment seedling, influence
It plants.
2.2.5 temperature control moisturizing.Back Word type double plate stacks, four angle alignments, the high epiphragma moisturizing of pile about 10-20 disks.Early rice is wanted
Heat and moisture preserving founds needle, and condition license is directly placed into plastic greenhouse, then laminating adhesive heats moisturizing；In, late rice want cooling moisture-retaining to found needle, heap
Code disc stack shady place indoors, epiphragma moisturizing.
2.2.6 rice seedling bed selects.Selection is relatively low in crop field Relatively centralized, irrigation and drainage convenience, traffic convenience, level of ground water
Field makees rice seedling bed.
2.2.7 thin whole rice seedling bed.3-5 days whole good rice seedling beds before lower seedling, it is desirable that paste is put down, and draining paving disk does not sink, chassis and field face
Chimeric, surrounding holds irrigation and drainage ditch successfully, and rain is facilitated to arrange fine filling.
2.2.9 vertical needle is gone to the field.After needle is found in epiphragma moisturizing, seedling disk is moved into rice seedling bed, 100% seedling.Early rice stacks 5-7 days,
In, late rice stack 1-2 days, stand needle after should just remove rice seedling bed under seedling disk., there is seedling rot in the directly lower unfavorable full stand in rice seedling bed after broadcasting；It stacks
Delay can cause seedling disk adhesion, and blanket seedling when carrying of going to the field is incomplete, unfavorable to plant.
2.2.10 water-raised seedling.Under seedling disk behind rice seedling bed, humidity of seedbed is absorbed by root system and meets seedling growth, reduces facility
Cost and labor are conducive to cultivate strong seedling, reduce bakanae disease.It sprays in greenhouse or gets rid of filling and easily cause seedling dish cart Tu Chong
Damage, matrix are dry and cracked, it is difficult to ensure to broadcast full stand, influence to plant.
2.3 cultivate strong seedling
2.3.1 strengthening management.Water-raised seedling after seedling disk is gone to the field, sends protection against rodents bird repellent (5% 200 times of thimet liquid forth in time
Disk is sprayed), protection against rodents bird repellent.Rise seedling before appropriate dry field, with people stepped on footprint be degree, matrix dry and wet is moderate, facilitate carrying operate,
Quality is planted in raising.
2.3.2 temperature control moisturizing.After seedling disk is gone to the field, early rice to plug in bow epiphragma heat preservation, in, late rice fill half disk deep water seedling-protection cooling
It takes precautions against drought.Early period fine filling rain row, the later stage keep moistening, aqueous vapor is penetrating, as arid can fill horse race water before planting, that is, fills fast and arranges, no
Influence is planted.
2.3.3 medicine fertilizer, which is sent, transfers.3-5 days before transplanting, sprays medicine fertilizer mixed solution fertilizer of standing up and transfer medicine with sending.Early rice anti-two changes
Snout moth's larva, rice thrips and rice blast；In, the anti-striped rice borer of late rice, leaf folder, planthopper and rice blast, slice disease etc..Fertilizer is mainly with micro-
100 grams of 50 grams of secondary element foliar fertilizer and urea are sprayed together with pesticide composition mixed liquor.
2.3.4 it is that the machine transplanting of rice is successfully basic to cultivate and strengthen seedling, is the key that rhizome damage when reducing the machine transplanting of rice, shortens seedling-slowing stage skill
One of art.
3. tractor-ploughing in advance, lower vola fertilizer, flat field corruption are macerated.
3.1 in advance plough macerate
Under the premise of early, middle rice field takes it easy on the basis of last year, the winter was turned over or after preceding crop harvest such as season, it can carry
Coarse cultivated crop field of macerating is primary within first 10-15 days, and it is carefully whole to complete intensive cultivation again within 2-3 days before rice transplanting；It is such as influenced by preceding crop, season contradiction
It is prominent, it can disposably complete to plough whole work.
3.2 times vola fertilizer
It ploughs before macerating, base fertilizer, base manure Base-appling once, such as preceding stubble stalk amount is big, appropriate to increase base manure nitrogenous fertilizer proportion, applies per acre
45% 35 kilograms of composite fertilizer and 5 kilograms of urea, stubble stalk rots before accelerating.Require paste rotten when ploughing whole crop field, it is smooth.
3.3 flat field corruption are macerated
Rehydration is subject to eminence and does not show mud in time after big Tagayasu Den is whole, spreads fertilizer over the fields 35% benzyl fourths, 160 grams of herbicide of closing, water conservation
2-3 days, preceding stubble stalk was macerated in anti-weeds and shattering paddy rudiment seedling, corruption, was solved because the big influence throwing of stalk amount is planted, rice shoot survives and machine
Insert weeding problem.Corruption cannot be dehydrated dry field during macerating, and otherwise walking ridging influence occurs and plants living when the machine transplanting of rice, is seriously short of seedling.
4. the of the right age machine transplanting of rice, improves quality at adjustment density.
The 4.1 control length of time rice seedlings grow.Early rice and the control of the ratooning rice length of time rice seedlings grow at 25-30 days, in, the late rice length of time rice seedlings grow controls and at 20-25 days was
Preferably.The length of time rice seedlings grow, too short root layer was loose, and the more difficult whole picking-up of pallet, inconvenience is planted；The length of time rice seedlings grow exceeds the time limit, and rhizome is flourishing, and machinery damages when planting
Severely injured, the phase living is long.
4.2 adjustment density.According to breediness and Ji Bie, mechanical seedling taking amount and spacing in the rows are adjusted, ensures Basic Seedling.Such as super seedling
Age properly increases seedling taking amount, increases Basic Seedling.
4.3 debugging machineries.Rice transplanter is overhauled, sliding position injects lubricating oil, dallies 5~10 minutes, and depth is planted in adjustment
Shallow and pressing plate is elastic, then dress seedling of going to the field is planted, and quality is planted in raising.
5. the regulation and control of medicine fertilizer, appropriate dry field, bush type culture.
5.1. insect pest preventing and controlling.Initial stage jointing stage, with 10% hexaconazole, 10 milliliter/mu, anti-banded sclerotial blight, shorten basal internode,
Control plant height prevents from lodging.Other disease pests normally prevent.
5.2 balance fertilizing.
5.2.1 reasonable fertilizer selects paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer such as to use nutrient composite fertilizer, double cropping late rice appropriate in base manure
Increase nitrogenous fertilizer proportion, accelerates stalk and rot.After returning total stalks into fields, target output is constant, can reduce by 10% or so fertilizer amount.
5.2.2 science is applied.Base manure：Fetilizer for tillering：Ear manuer, early rice press 5:3:2, semilate rice presses 4:3:3, late rice presses 5:2:3 applications.
5.2.3 top dressing is applied and (lags to apply and protect fetilizer for tillering and fringe granulated fertilizer) late, applies within 13-15 days after cultivation and protects fetilizer for tillering, side row main fringe 4-5 phases
(basal internode sizing) applies fringe granulated fertilizer.Ineffective tillering is reduced, the sword-like leave service life is extended, plant height and sword-like leave length is controlled, facilitates machinery
Low stake harvest, full dose crush.Ear manuer early is applied, such as rainwater weather, sword-like leave, which is grown, to be draped over one's shoulders, and easily causes that the following permeability of fringe layer be poor, humidity
Greatly, pest and disease damage is serious, setting percentage declines.
5.2.4 three see fertilising.It sees field, sees day, sees that kind determines nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount；
Medium fertility field
500 kgs/acre of early rice target output uses 10.5 kilograms of purity nitrogen, 5 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide 10 public per acre
Jin.
600 kgs/acre of semilate rice target output uses 12.5 kilograms of purity nitrogen, 5 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide 10 public per acre
Jin.
550 kgs/acre of late rice target output uses 11.5 kilograms of purity nitrogen, 4.5 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide 8 per acre
Kilogram.
5.2.5 management of weeds.
As there is weed germination after the weeding rice transplanting of crop field, worm is controlled in combination with first time field, per acre plus 20% 5 fluorine semi-annular jade pendant is careless
Amine is watered 225 kilograms of weed eradications of spraying together with 1500 milliliters of cyhalofop-butyl compounding agent.
Ridge weeding can carry out management of weeds with bispyribac-sodium, reduce the herbicide damages such as glyphosate.Bispyribac-sodium to glutinous rice and
Japonica rice influences very big, use of taking care.
6. low machine is received, full dose crushes, uniformly spray is let out
6.1 low machines are received.The machine time receiving is not being influenced, it is low as possible to stay rice stub.Ratooning rice head season, low stake harvesting favorably inspired base
Portion stipes position axillary bud sprouting seedling, shortening machine pressure of taking down the exhibits sprout seedling maturation gap, improve regeneration season yield.The low stake harvesting of double cropping of rice,
It ploughs and macerates conducive to late rice machinery after early rice harvest, can destroy rice disease and pest hibernacle after late rice harvest, reduce next year disease pest radix.
6.2 full doses crush, and uniformly spray is let out.The medium-and-large-sized combine harvester of full feed type, installation stalk crushes at rear molding screening
Equipment is let out in spray, and the threshing in harvesting, full dose crushes full dose spray and lets out, and is conducive to second stubble crop mechanical work, stalk from rice field
The Nutrient eiement return arable layer of enrichment restores soil fertility, promotes the sustainable green production of rice.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention made by within refreshing and principle.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of rice mechanization production promotees returning total stalks into fields integrated approach, which is characterized in that the rice mechanization production
Promote returning total stalks into fields integrated approach and machine transplanting of rice new varieties are suitble to by selection, cultivate and strengthen seedling, medicine, fertilizer, hydroscience are planned strategies for, and are stood under needle
Field, outdoor exercise cultivate and strengthen seedling, realize 100% emergence；Planting density is adjusted, guarantor's fetilizer for tillering is applied after jointing and fringe granulated fertilizer is conducive to
Shorten stalk basal internode, controls plant height and sword-like leave length；Stalk crushing spray is installed at harvester rear molding screening and lets out equipment, side is received
Cut edge threshing crushes full spray and lets out entirely, realizes 100% total crop return of stalk；When tractor-ploughing, increase by the way that vola fertilizer is appropriate under mechanical site preparation
Add base manure nitrogenous fertilizer proportion, accelerates crushing straw immersion corruption and macerate, apply closing herbicide, completing straw decomposing after 2 days does not influence
Paddy growth.
2. rice mechanization production as described in claim 1 promotees returning total stalks into fields integrated approach, which is characterized in that the machine
Slotting new varieties include：
Early rice selects low temperature resistant sprouting stage, better resistance, large-spike cultivar；
Semilate rice selects sturdy stalk, fringe grain and heavy, ear period high temperature resistant kind；
Late rice, selection is high-quality, anti-fall, the later stage is low temperature resistant, fringe grain and heavy kind；
Ratooning rice selects 120 days breeding times, within 1 meter of plant height, head season high temperature resistant, the strong kind of power of regeneration；
Double cropping of rice breeding time controlled within 225 days.
3. rice mechanization production as described in claim 1 promotees returning total stalks into fields integrated approach, which is characterized in that the machine
Slotting new varieties are sowed and the method for 100% seedling includes：
(1) it ripe kind late in 100-115 days breeding time of early rice, was sowed before and after March 22, by the end of June neat fringe, mid or late July is ripe；
Early seasonal strain within 100 days breeding times is sowed after can postponing 1 week；
Late rice is sowed before and after June 25, under the precondition at the not super length of time rice seedlings grow, September neat fringe of safety before 20 days；
Ratooning rice is sowed before and after March 25, neat fringe before July 10, in harvesting head season before August 10 days, avoids ear period Climatic regionalization shadow
It rings；Regenerate season September neat fringe on the 20th；
(2) matrix seedling, with pulverize and sieve loess and seedling matrix in 2 to 1 ratio it is even mix bunker, subsoil accounts for 80%, blinding
Account for 20%；
Often disk application rate：26 grams of thousand grain weigth or more, sow 75 grams；26 grams of seeds below of mass of 1000 kernel, often disk application rate
At 65 grams；
Moisture-inhibiting subsoil, blanket seedling subsoil put down the sufficient water of leaching, after planting drench a water again；
Temperature control moisturizing, Back Word type double plate stack, and four angle alignments, pile 10-20 disk height covers black film moisturizing；
Selection makees rice seedling bed in the relatively low field of crop field Relatively centralized, irrigation and drainage convenience, traffic convenience, level of ground water；
Thin whole rice seedling bed, 3-5 days whole good rice seedling beds before lower seedling；
Vertical needle is gone to the field, and after needle is found in epiphragma moisturizing, seedling disk is moved into rice seedling bed, 100% seedling；
Water-raised seedling under seedling disk behind rice seedling bed, absorbs humidity of seedbed by root system and meets seedling growth；
(3) water-raised seedling after seedling disk is gone to the field, sprays protection against rodents bird repellent 5% thimet, 200 times of liquid in disk in time；
After seedling disk is gone to the field, early rice to plug in bow epiphragma heat preservation, in, late rice fill half disk deep water seedling-protection；
3-5 days before transplanting, sprays medicine fertilizer mixed solution and send and transfer medicine.
4. rice mechanization production as described in claim 1 promotees returning total stalks into fields integrated approach, it is characterised in that plough in advance
Corruption is macerated, including：
(1) it is primary can to shift to an earlier date 10-15 days coarse cultivated crop fields of macerating for early, middle rice field, and it is carefully whole to complete intensive cultivation again within 2-3 days before rice transplanting；Such as by
Preceding crop influences, and season is particularly thorny, can disposably complete to plough whole work；
(2) vola fertilizer under, is ploughed before macerating, base fertilizer, base manure Base-appling once；
(3) flat field corruption is macerated, and spreads fertilizer over the fields 35% 160 grams of benzyl herbicide butachlors, is retained 2-3 days.
5. rice mechanization production as described in claim 1 promotees returning total stalks into fields integrated approach, which is characterized in that further
Including：
(1) control the length of time rice seedlings grow, early rice and the 25-30 days ratooning rice length of time rice seedlings grow, in, the 20-25 days late rice length of time rice seedlings grow；
(2) density is adjusted, according to breediness and Ji Bie, adjusts mechanical seedling taking amount and spacing in the rows；
(3) debugging machinery has overhauled rice transplanter, and sliding position injects lubricating oil, dallies 5 to 10 minutes.
6. rice mechanization production as described in claim 1 promotees returning total stalks into fields integrated approach, which is characterized in that further
Including：
(1) insect pest preventing and controlling, initial stage jointing stage, with 10% hexaconazole, 10 milliliter/mu controlling disease, insect pest conventional control；
(2) reasonable fertilizer selects paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer, double cropping late rice to increase nitrogenous fertilizer proportion in base manure；
(3) base manure：Fetilizer for tillering：Ear manuer, early rice press 5：3：2, semilate rice presses 4：3：3, late rice presses 5：2：3 applications；
(4) top dressing is applied late, is applied within 13-15 days after cultivation and is protected fetilizer for tillering, the side row main fringe 4-5 phases apply fringe granulated fertilizer；
(5) nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount is determined；
Medium fertility field
500 kgs/acre of early rice target output uses 10.5 kilograms of purity nitrogen, 5 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, 10 kilograms of potassium oxide per acre；
600 kgs/acre of semilate rice target output uses 12.5 kilograms of purity nitrogen, 5 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, 10 kilograms of potassium oxide per acre；
550 kgs/acre of late rice target output uses 11.5 kilograms of purity nitrogen, 4.5 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, 8 kilograms of potassium oxide per acre；
(6) crop field weeding adds 20% 5 fluorine semi-annular jade pendant grass amine to be watered 15 kilogram one with 100 milliliters of cyhalofop-butyl compounding agent per acre after rice transplanting
And weed eradication of spraying；Ridge weeding carries out management of weeds with bispyribac-sodium.
7. rice mechanization production as described in claim 1 promotees returning total stalks into fields integrated approach, which is characterized in that further
Including：
(1) low stake machine is received, the low stake harvesting of ratooning rice head season；The low stake harvesting of double cropping of rice；
(2) the medium-and-large-sized combine harvester of full feed type, installation stalk crushes spray and lets out equipment at rear molding screening, the threshing in harvesting,
Full dose crushes spray and lets out.
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