CN103749225A - Double-cropping rice based ecological ditch transplanting cultivation method for triple-cropping late rice - Google Patents
Double-cropping rice based ecological ditch transplanting cultivation method for triple-cropping late rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-cropping rice based ecological ditch transplanting cultivation method for triple-cropping late rice, aiming to solve the problem about crop straw returning to field, soil aeration and water and fertilizer coupling. The double-cropping rice based ecological ditch transplanting cultivation method includes the steps of 1), executing ditch engineering in an early rice field; 2), performing water management before harvesting early rice; 3), treating early rice stalks; 4), allowing a chained ditcher to clean ditches and spread out mud; 5), transplanting late rice; 6), performing field management; 7), harvesting the late rice. The double-cropping rice based ecological ditch transplanting cultivation method has the advantages that an arable layer structure of soil is changed; deep application of fertilizer is benefited and utilization rate of the fertilizer is beneficially increased; water content of ditch soil is lowered, soil aeration is improved, and utilization rate of natural precipitation can be improved; no-tillage, no-stubble cleaning, no-straw burning and no-filling and soaking of field water in late rice transplanting are realized, ecological effect is obvious in that operation energy consumption, haze and irrigation water can be reduced, and pesticide stubble cleaning is omitted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rice cultivating technique field, the ecological railway carriage or compartment of especially a kind of triple-cropping system late rice based on double cropping rice ditch is transplanted cultivation method.
Background technology
According to statistics, within 2013, national total output of grain surpasses 6.0 hundred million tons, by grain stalk, than 1:1.2, estimate, add other crops straws, the whole nation year produces stalk and exceedes 7.2 hundred million tons, contains a large amount of organic matters in stalk, nitrogen phosphorus potassium and trace element, in 7.2 hundred million tons of stalks, npk nutrient content is equivalent to more than 576 ten thousand tons of urea, more than 840 ten thousand tons of superphosphate, more than 840 ten thousand tons of potassium sulfates.
Research shows that crops straw turns over and field or mulching and returning are effective well stimulations, generally can increase production more than 10%, but China's agricultural straw resource major part is used as peasant household's life fuel or in field, burns or thrown aside and huddles, not only cause the serious waste of stalk resource, but also caused the pollution of environment.Therefore, how to realize and simplify stalk effectively and field is one of current bottleneck problem that must solve.Soaked field, whole ground of Rice Production water is also the bottleneck problem in multiple cropping crop production simultaneously, China's Multicropping rice gathers in and generally all takes to use track combine operation after dry field in producing in front season, plow layer dehydrates, with carrying harvester operation, the soaked field of pouring water subsequently, 150 cubes of general every mu of needs, but also require to satisfy the demands to reduce agriculture consumption in the shortest time, therefore Rice Production double rush for harvesting and sowing often has water use disputes to occur season.
4.52 hundred million mu of China's rice growing areas in 2012,67,800,000,000 cubes of soaked field waters, this link is the main body of Rice Production water, and Rice Production water is the main body of agricultural production water, and agricultural production is the main body of China's Water Consumption, therefore save the water of this link of soaked field concerning China's water overall situation.
Chinese patent CN200910272552.7 discloses a kind of fixed compartment ditch semilate rice no-tillage cast-transplanted overall aerobic cultivation method, and in detail the advantage of the no-tillage cultivation methods of cultivation has been described in detail in background technology, be conducive to improve soil aeration, reduce the advantages such as greenhouse gas emission, but this invention does not relate to the technology such as effectively processing of straw, storing water and preserving fertility, improvement of soil fertility, this patent, take semilate rice-rape double cropping as object, can not be applied to the triple-cropping system based on double cropping rice.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the also problem of field, soil aeration and water and fertilizer coupling of crop stem, the present invention aims to provide the ecological railway carriage or compartment of a kind of triple-cropping system late rice based on double cropping rice ditch and transplants cultivation method, this cultivation method can be realized fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, water resource three's efficient coupling, reaches the object of water conservation, fertilizer conservation, volume increase.Adopt the technology of the present invention can before late rice is live, realize four and exempt from: no-tillage, exempt from stubble-cleaning, unburned straw, exempt to fill with soaked field water, ecological benefits are obvious: reduce operation consumption, exempt from agricultural chemicals stubble-cleaning, reduce haze, reduce irrigation water.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
The ecological railway carriage or compartment of triple-cropping system late rice ditch based on double cropping rice is transplanted a cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
1) excavation railway carriage or compartment, rice field ditch early: early rice is transplanted or lively front field is organized into railway carriage or compartment face, and the wide 50 ~ 100cm in railway carriage or compartment, opens railway carriage or compartment ditch between adjacent wing-rooms on either side of a one-story house, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 10 ~ 30 cm, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 15 ~ 40cm; Early rice is planted on the face of railway carriage or compartment;
2) water management before early rice results: shine hard railway carriage or compartment face, retain the water layer of 1 ~ 3cm in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment;
3) early rice stem stalk processing: during early rice ripe and harvested, early rice stem stalk or stem stalk chip uniform spreading are sprinkling upon on the face of railway carriage or compartment;
4) railway carriage or compartment ditch ditch cleaning stand mud: do not turn over, do not pour water after early rice results, keep field face dry, face spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer in railway carriage or compartment, then the muddy water in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment is turned over and is threaded to railway carriage or compartment face, and the sposh in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment is evenly paved on the face of railway carriage or compartment;
5) late rice is transplanted: the not dry front transplanting late rice of railway carriage or compartment face sposh;
6) field management: management of water, fertilizer, disease and pest control;
7) late rice harvesting: during late rice ripe and harvested, late rice stem stalk or stem stalk chip uniform spreading are sprinkling upon on the face of railway carriage or compartment.
Be below the technical scheme of further improvement of the present invention:
Preferably, the wide 80 ~ 100cm in described railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 15 ~ 20 cm, ditch depth 20 ~ 25cm.
Step 3) adopts combine harvesting crop when early rice stem stalk is processed, as grain header carries broken careless function, crop stem is evenly shredded; As grain header, be not with broken careless function, widen grain header discharge gate, expand the stem stalk face that is scattered, railway carriage or compartment face stem stalk spreads even substantially.
Step 4) ditch cleaning stand mud adopts chain ditcher ditch cleaning, before trench digging, on the face of railway carriage or compartment, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogenous fertilizer total amount 60%, 60% and whole phosphate fertilizer of potash fertilizer total amount, or spread fertilizer over the fields the composite fertilizer of equivalent; The total amount of three kinds of chemical fertilizer is respectively: the pure N of nitrogenous fertilizer is 150.0kg/hm
2~ 180.0kg/hm
2, potash fertilizer K
2o is 120.0kg/hm
2~ 144.0kg/hm
2, phosphate fertilizer P
2o
5for 75.0kg/hm
2~ 90.0kg/hm
2.
When step 5) late rice is transplanted, the rice shoot of transplanting is the seedling with soil of floppy disk incubation or the rice shoot of traditional method of raising seedling, rice shoot root band mud, adopt rice transplanter or throwing transplanting machine that rice shoot is evenly transplanted to railway carriage or compartment face, the culturable standard of rice transplanter is line-spacing 25cm ~ 35cm × spacing in the rows 15cm ~ 20cm, and the specification of rice transplanting is 25 ~ 30 Miao/㎡.
Step 6) field management comprises:
(1) topdress: look the growth of cereal crop seedlings after transplanting in 7 ~ 15 days 30% of Nitrogen Top Dressing total amount; Rice young panicle idiophase, ear manuer look growth of cereal crop seedlings nitrogen fertilizer application total amount 20% and potash fertilizer total amount 40%; The total amount of three kinds of chemical fertilizer is respectively: the pure N of nitrogenous fertilizer is 150.0kg/hm
2~ 180.0kg/hm
2, potash fertilizer K
2o is 120.0kg/hm
2~ 144.0kg/hm
2, phosphate fertilizer P
2o
5for 75.0kg/hm
2~ 90.0kg/hm
2;
(b) Guan Shui: water management is accumulated rainfall as main take railway carriage or compartment ditch, suitably supplementary irrigation; Water management whole process is take water conservation, retaining as main; Panicle spike primordium differentiation stage panicle spike primordium differentiation stage, after milk ripe stage take draining as main;
(c) disease, worm, grass control: disease, worm, prevention and control of weeds are take biological control as main, and physical control and chemical control are auxiliary.
Step 7) late rice when harvesting, adopt combine harvesting late rice, as grain header carries broken careless function, crop stem is evenly shredded simultaneously, uniform spreading is sprinkling upon on the face of railway carriage or compartment; If grain header does not possess broken careless function, widen grain header discharge gate, expand the face that is scattered of stem stalk, stem stalk uniform spreading is sprinkling upon on the face of railway carriage or compartment.
Under triple-cropping system background, due to anxiety in season, it is two bottlenecks during large area is produced that straw is processed with effective supply soaked field water, and the present invention has spatially realized with soil pressure stem stalk and not only realized unburned straw, can also also field of total straw; With the sposh tiling railway carriage or compartment face in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment, not only realized no-tillagely, can also exempt to fill with soaked field water.With straw, make railway carriage or compartment face base wad in time and not only realized the zero agriculture consumption of early rice harvesting with late rice transplanting, also saved the time of processing straw; With the sposh in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment, do face interface, railway carriage or compartment and not only saved the time in the soaked field of pouring water, also saved the time on whole ground.Simultaneously, In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River is generally carried out double cropping rice and is added the ripe cropping system of winter crops 1 year three, cropping index is high, and soil fertility loss is serious, in the mode of firming capping, fresh total straw is also played an important role for minimizing haze, raising retention capacity of soil, culture fertility in field.
Know-why of the present invention is: the present invention shreds stem stalk, fertilising, chain ditcher ditch cleaning and sheds sposh in railway carriage or compartment face, sposh layer, stem stalk (chemical fertilizer) layer and edaphic ecological railway carriage or compartment face have been formed from top to bottom, change soil plough horizon structure, also realized base manure deep placement simultaneously; Railway carriage or compartment ditch is accumulated the efficient draining of natural precipitation and narrow railway carriage or compartment, improves water use efficiency and soil aeration, realizes fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, water resource three's efficient coupling, reaches the object of water conservation, fertilizer conservation, volume increase.Adopt the technology of the present invention can before late rice is live, realize four and exempt from: no-tillage, exempt from stubble-cleaning, unburned straw, exempt to fill with soaked field water, ecological benefits are obvious: reduce operation consumption, exempt from agricultural chemicals stubble-cleaning, reduce haze, reduce irrigation water.Particularly, as shown in Figure 1, described ecological end structure: formed three layers of sposh layer, stem stalk (chemical fertilizer) layer and soil horizons from top to bottom, described ecological railway carriage or compartment function:
The one, water retaining function, second layer stem stalk is subject to upper strata sposh compressing to become the water conservation layer of similar cavernous body;
The 2nd, oxygen-enriched function, the similar cavernous body that second layer stem stalk forms can be stored air for the metabolism of rice root breath;
The 3rd is fertilizer conservation function, and first the chemical fertilizer that mixes with stem stalk is absorbed and accumulate by stem stalk after dissolving, and upper strata also has sposh to hide non-volatile, and lower floor has the topsoil pad of not turning over to ooze under delaying;
The 4th is clean stem stalk function, thereby total straw also causes mechanical rotary tillage or the operational difficulty of turning over to cause rice agriculture to burn straw to remove obstacles behind field, thereby the present invention is no-tillage and adopt sposh paving to press stem stalk that the basal plane of shoot transplanting equipment is provided, and forms stem stalk clean utilization function.
Described ecological groove structure: the sposh of ditch bottom, the water layer that shoe covers sposh are more than 1 centimetre; Described ecological ditch function: the one, drain function, gets rid of and is seeped into the excessive moisture ecological ditch from plow layer side; The 2nd, oxygen supply function, forms air convection channel with the plow layer under the face of railway carriage or compartment, is the oxygen supply of crop root mass; The 3rd, for stem stalk provides lid material, by helix ditching machine, the sposh in ditch and water are revolved and raised to railway carriage or compartment face, muddy water paving pressure stem stalk; The 4th, breeding function, railway carriage or compartment ditch can breeding loach and yellow eel, forms breeding spaces.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) change soil plough horizon structure, formed sposh layer, stem stalk layer and soil horizon from top to bottom;
2) disposable total crop return and the buried processing that realizes crop stem joined to fertilize simultaneously, is conducive to the utilization ratio of deep-fertilizing and raising fertilizer;
3) utilize drainability and the good water-holding capacity of zanjon that narrow railway carriage or compartment face is good, reduce on the one hand the water content of envelope soil, improve soil aeration, improve on the other hand the utilization ratio of natural precipitation.
4) having realized late rice transplants and four exempts from: no-tillage, exempt from stubble-cleaning, unburned straw, exempt to fill with soaked field water, ecological benefits are obvious: reduce operation consumption, exempt from agricultural chemicals stubble-cleaning, reduce haze, reduce irrigation water.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure principle chart of one embodiment of the invention.
In the drawings
1-sposh first season layer; 2-first order stalk or stem stalk layer; The 3-soil horizon first season;
4-second level stalk or stem stalk layer; The 5-soil horizon second season; 6-sposh second season layer;
7-third quarter soil horizon; 8-third level stalk or stem stalk layer; 9-third quarter sposh layer;
10-fertilizer.
Embodiment
The ecological railway carriage or compartment of triple-cropping system late rice ditch based on double cropping rice is transplanted a cultivation method, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) enforcement railway carriage or compartment, rice field ditch engineering early: early rice is transplanted or lively frontly field is organized into railway carriage or compartment face, the wide 80 ~ 100cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 15 ~ 20 cm, ditch depth 20 ~ 25cm;
2) water management before early rice results: shine hard railway carriage or compartment face, but retain the water layer of 1 ~ 3cm in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment, both guaranteed that grain header worked smoothly, prevent that again railway carriage or compartment ditch is dry and cracked;
3) early rice stem stalk processing: after early rice maturation, adopt combine harvesting crop, as grain header carries broken careless function, crop stem is evenly shredded; As grain header, be not with broken careless function, widen grain header discharge gate, expand the stem stalk face that is scattered, railway carriage or compartment face stem stalk spreads even substantially;
4) chain ditcher ditch cleaning stand mud: do not turn over, do not pour water after early rice results, keep field face dry, before trench digging, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields the composite fertilizer of 60% and whole phosphate fertilizer or equivalent of nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer total amount, adopt chain ditcher the muddy water in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment to be revolved and raised to railway carriage or compartment face, face automatic layer overlay sposh in railway carriage or compartment after operation;
5) late rice is transplanted: before railway carriage or compartment face sposh is not dry, rob and plant late rice, the rice shoot of transplanting is the seedling with soil of floppy disk incubation or the rice shoot of traditional method of raising seedling, but need root band mud, be beneficial to survive, adopt rice transplanter or throwing transplanting machine that rice shoot is evenly transplanted to railway carriage or compartment face, the culturable standard of rice transplanter is line-spacing 30cm × spacing in the rows 15 ~ 20cm, and the Basic Seedling of rice transplanting is 25 ~ 30 Miao/㎡;
6) field management: topdress (1): after rice striking root, fertilizer is no longer used in principle, the visual growth of cereal crop seedlings is after transplanting in 7 ~ 15 days 30% of Nitrogen Top Dressing total amount; Rice young panicle idiophase, ear manuer look growth of cereal crop seedlings nitrogen fertilizer application total amount 20% and potash fertilizer total amount 40%.
(2) Guan Shui: water management is accumulated rainfall as main take railway carriage or compartment ditch, suitably supplementary irrigation.Water management whole process is take water conservation, retaining as main, panicle spike primordium differentiation stage panicle spike primordium differentiation stage, after milk ripe stage take draining as main.
(3) disease, worm, grass control: disease, worm, prevention and control of weeds are take biological control as main; Foster duck navigates within and suppresses pest in the ranks, and railway carriage or compartment ditch becomes the express passway of duck, improves operating efficiency; Physical control and chemical control are auxiliary, use safety pesticide when pest breaks out;
7) late rice harvesting: after late rice maturation, adopt combine harvesting late rice, as grain header carries broken careless function, crop stem is evenly shredded simultaneously, uniform spreading is sprinkling upon on the face of railway carriage or compartment; As grain header, be not with broken careless function, widen grain header discharge gate, expand the stem stalk face that is scattered, railway carriage or compartment face stem stalk spreads even substantially.
In the present invention, the total amount of three kinds of chemical fertilizer is respectively: the pure N of nitrogenous fertilizer is 150.0kg/hm
2~ 180.0kg/hm
2, potash fertilizer K
2o is 120.0kg/hm
2~ 144.0kg/hm
2, phosphate fertilizer P
2o
5for 75.0kg/hm
2~ 90.0kg/hm
2.
The content that above-described embodiment is illustrated should be understood to these embodiment only for being illustrated more clearly in the present invention, and be not used in, limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims limited range to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the ecological railway carriage or compartment of the triple-cropping system late rice based on double cropping rice ditch is transplanted a cultivation method, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) excavation railway carriage or compartment, rice field ditch early: early rice is transplanted or lively front field is organized into railway carriage or compartment face, and the wide 50 ~ 100cm in railway carriage or compartment, opens railway carriage or compartment ditch between adjacent wing-rooms on either side of a one-story house, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 10 ~ 30 cm, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 15 ~ 40cm; Early rice is planted on the face of railway carriage or compartment;
2) water management before early rice results: shine hard railway carriage or compartment face, retain the water layer of 1 ~ 3cm in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment;
3) early rice stem stalk processing: during early rice ripe and harvested, early rice stem stalk or stem stalk chip uniform spreading are sprinkling upon on the face of railway carriage or compartment;
4) railway carriage or compartment ditch ditch cleaning stand mud: do not turn over, do not pour water after early rice results, keep field face dry, face spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer in railway carriage or compartment, then the muddy water in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment is turned over and is threaded to railway carriage or compartment face, and the sposh in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment is evenly paved on the face of railway carriage or compartment;
5) late rice is transplanted: the not dry front transplanting late rice of railway carriage or compartment face sposh;
6) field management: management of water, fertilizer, disease and pest control;
7) late rice harvesting: during late rice ripe and harvested, late rice stem stalk or stem stalk chip uniform spreading are sprinkling upon on the face of railway carriage or compartment.
2. the ecological railway carriage or compartment of the triple-cropping system late rice based on double cropping rice according to claim 1 ditch is transplanted cultivation method, it is characterized in that the wide 80 ~ 100cm in described railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 15 ~ 20 cm, ditch depth 20 ~ 25cm.
3. the ecological railway carriage or compartment of the triple-cropping system late rice based on double cropping rice according to claim 1 ditch is transplanted cultivation method, it is characterized in that, step 3) adopts combine harvesting crop when early rice stem stalk is processed, as grain header carries broken careless function, crop stem is evenly shredded; As grain header, be not with broken careless function, widen grain header discharge gate, expand the stem stalk face that is scattered, railway carriage or compartment face stem stalk spreads even substantially.
4. the ecological railway carriage or compartment of the triple-cropping system late rice based on double cropping rice according to claim 1 ditch is transplanted cultivation method, it is characterized in that, step 4) ditch cleaning stand mud adopts chain ditcher ditch cleaning, before trench digging, on the face of railway carriage or compartment, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogenous fertilizer total amount 60%, 60% and whole phosphate fertilizer of potash fertilizer total amount, or spread fertilizer over the fields the composite fertilizer of equivalent;
The total amount of three kinds of chemical fertilizer is respectively: the pure N of nitrogenous fertilizer is 150.0kg/hm
2~ 180.0kg/hm
2, potash fertilizer K
2o is 120.0kg/hm
2~ 144.0kg/hm
2, phosphate fertilizer P
2o
5for 75.0kg/hm
2~ 90.0kg/hm
2.
5. the ecological railway carriage or compartment of the triple-cropping system late rice based on double cropping rice according to claim 1 ditch is transplanted cultivation method, it is characterized in that, when step 5) late rice is transplanted, the rice shoot of transplanting is the seedling with soil of floppy disk incubation or the rice shoot of traditional method of raising seedling, rice shoot root band mud, adopt rice transplanter or throwing transplanting machine that rice shoot is evenly transplanted to railway carriage or compartment face, the culturable standard of rice transplanter is line-spacing 25cm ~ 35cm × spacing in the rows 15cm ~ 20cm, and the specification of rice transplanting is 25 ~ 30 Miao/㎡.
6. the ecological railway carriage or compartment of the triple-cropping system late rice based on double cropping rice according to claim 1 ditch is transplanted cultivation method, it is characterized in that, step 6) field management comprises:
(1) topdress: look the growth of cereal crop seedlings after transplanting in 7 ~ 15 days 30% of Nitrogen Top Dressing total amount; Rice young panicle idiophase, ear manuer look growth of cereal crop seedlings nitrogen fertilizer application total amount 20% and potash fertilizer total amount 40%; The total amount of three kinds of chemical fertilizer is respectively: the pure N of nitrogenous fertilizer is 150.0kg/hm
2~ 180.0kg/hm
2, potash fertilizer K
2o is 120.0kg/hm
2~ 144.0kg/hm
2, phosphate fertilizer P
2o
5for 75.0kg/hm
2~ 90.0kg/hm
2;
(b) Guan Shui: water management is accumulated rainfall as main take railway carriage or compartment ditch, suitably supplementary irrigation; Water management whole process is take water conservation, retaining as main; Panicle spike primordium differentiation stage panicle spike primordium differentiation stage, after milk ripe stage take draining as main;
(c) disease, worm, grass control: disease, worm, prevention and control of weeds are take biological control as main, and physical control and chemical control are auxiliary.
7. the ecological railway carriage or compartment of the triple-cropping system late rice based on double cropping rice according to claim 1 ditch is transplanted cultivation method, it is characterized in that, step 7) late rice when harvesting, adopt combine harvesting late rice, simultaneously as grain header carries broken careless function, crop stem is evenly shredded, uniform spreading is sprinkling upon on the face of railway carriage or compartment; If grain header does not possess broken careless function, widen grain header discharge gate, expand the face that is scattered of stem stalk, stem stalk uniform spreading is sprinkling upon on the face of railway carriage or compartment.
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CN201510013512.6A CN104584966B (en) | 2014-01-13 | 2015-01-12 | Triple cropping late rice ecological ditch transplanting cultivating method based on double cropping rice |
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CN108718966A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-11-02 | 江西省抚州市农业科学研究所 | A kind of rice mechanization production rush returning total stalks into fields integrated approach |
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CN104584966B (en) | 2017-05-17 |
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