CN108715140A - A kind of electronic type shifting system using variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents
A kind of electronic type shifting system using variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN108715140A CN108715140A CN201810585064.0A CN201810585064A CN108715140A CN 108715140 A CN108715140 A CN 108715140A CN 201810585064 A CN201810585064 A CN 201810585064A CN 108715140 A CN108715140 A CN 108715140A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/421—Speed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/423—Torque
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of using the electronic type shifting system that can be changed winding permanent magnet synchronous motor；The electronic type shifting system includes a phase windings, b phase windings, c phase windings, becomes winding switching circuit, controller and frequency converter；A phase windings, b phase windings and c phase windings all include a winding and two windings；One end of controller is connect with winding switching circuit is become, and the other end of controller is divided into six tunnels, is connected with six IGBT control terminals of frequency converter.The present invention, come switch motor characteristic, realizes the shift of electric vehicle electronic type by the change of permanent magnet synchronous motor winding.Controller controls IGBT and winding the switching switch of frequency converter by the opening and closing of switch, per phase a winding and two windings can work independently, can also parallel operation, can be with tandem working, it realizes four kinds of operating modes, the switching of four gears is carried out to electric vehicle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electric automobile gearshift system, more particularly to a kind of electric vehicle electronic type shifting system,
Specifically a kind of electronic type shifting system using variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Background technology
Electric vehicle has various performance requirements to its drive system：High torque density, power density；Wider tune
Fast range accelerates when meeting low speed and the needs of high-performance cruise；High efficiency is all kept in very wide torque and the range of speeds；
Wider invariable power area；There is the high torque (HT) needed for starting and climbing；Lower cost etc..To permanent magnet synchronous motor in invariable power area
Weak-magnetic speed-regulating is carried out, although disclosure satisfy that the demand of rotating speed, since weak magnetic process can increase energy loss so that motor works
During poor efficiency.Therefore, in order to improve motor working efficiency, traditional method is to increase mechanical transmission, suitable
Operating point carries out gear switch.Increasing mechanical transmission can be such that electric vehicle cost increases, meanwhile, the body of mechanical transmission
Product, weight are larger, occupy interior expensive real estate, and mechanical transmission can be such that system effectiveness further decreases.
Invention content
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a kind of using the electronic type shift system that can be changed winding permanent magnet synchronous motor
System achievees the purpose that change motor characteristic, realizes the electricity of electric vehicle by changing the winding connection of permanent magnet synchronous motor
Minor is shifted gears；In the case where space and cost increase few, can make electric vehicle low speed provide large torque and with than
More wide speed adjustable range, plays energy-conserving action, improves the mileage travelled of vehicle.
The maximum speed of motor is limited by rated voltage and transducer power grade, and change winding of the invention controls forever
Magnetic-synchro motor in the method for stator Multiple coil pattern switching independently of conventional method, for electric in drive system for electric vehicle
" low speed provide large torque and with more wide speed adjustable range " performance of machine plays energy saving work with significantly being promoted
With improving the mileage travelled of vehicle.
The object of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of electronic type shifting system using variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor, including a phase windings, b phase windings, c phases
Winding becomes winding switching circuit, controller and frequency converter；There are two winding, a phase windings for configuration per phase winding for permanent magnet synchronous motor
Including one winding of the first phase, two winding of the first phase；B phase windings include one winding of the second phase, two winding of the second phase；C phase winding packets
Include one winding of third phase, two winding of third phase；It includes that the switching of the first winding switchs, the switching of the second winding is opened to become winding switching circuit
Close, the tertiary winding switching switch, the 4th winding switching switch, the 5th winding switching switch, the 6th winding switching switch, the 7th around
Group switching switch, the 8th winding switching switch and the 9th winding switching switch；
Each phase winding in a phase windings, b phase windings and c phase windings leads to 4 connecting terminals；Wherein,
One end of first phase, one winding links together with one end of one winding of the second phase, one end of one winding of third phase, the first phase one
One end of winding is connected to the first winding switching switch, the first winding switching switch and the second winding switching switch and third simultaneously
Winding switching switch is sequentially connected；Tertiary winding switching switch is connect with one end of two winding of the first phase, connecting pin and frequency converter
The connection of first ac output end, the other end of one winding of the first phase is connected to the second winding switching switch and the tertiary winding is cut
It changes between switch, the other end of two winding of the first phase is connected between the first winding switching switch and the second winding switching switch；
One end of second phase, one winding is connected to the 4th winding switching switch simultaneously, and the 4th winding switching switch is opened with the switching of the 5th winding
It closes and the 6th winding switching switch is sequentially connected, the 6th winding switching switch is connect with one end of two winding of the second phase, connecting pin
It is connect with second ac output end of frequency converter, the other end of one winding of the second phase is connected to the 5th winding switching switch and the
Between six windings switching switch, the other end of two winding of the second phase is connected to the 4th winding switching switch and the switching of the 5th winding is opened
Between pass；One end of one winding of third phase is connected to the 7th winding switching switch, the 7th winding switching switch, the 8th winding simultaneously
Switching switch and the 9th winding switching switch are sequentially connected；9th winding switching switch is connect with one end of two winding of third phase,
The third ac output end of connecting pin and frequency converter connects, and the other end of one winding of third phase is connected to the switching of the 8th winding and opens
It closes between the 9th winding switching switch, the other end of two winding of third phase is connected to the 7th winding switching switch and the 8th winding
Between switching switch；
One end of the controller switches with the first winding switching switch, the second winding switching switch, the tertiary winding respectively
Switch, the 4th winding switching switch, the 5th winding switching switch, the 6th winding switching switch, the 7th winding switching switch, the 8th
Winding switching switch and the 9th winding switching switch；The other end of controller is divided into six tunnels, is controlled with six IGBT of frequency converter
End is connected.
To further realize the object of the invention, it is preferable that the frequency converter by Unit six IGBT integration modules
It is formed with a filter capacitor；Each two IGBT integration modules are connected in series with, and three groups of IGBT integration modules are connected in parallel, filtered electrical
Appearance is connected between parallel connected end；Ac output end is picked out between two concatenated IGBT integration modules.
Preferably, first, second of the frequency converter and third ac output end distinguish two winding of the first phase,
Second phase, two winding is connected with one end of two winding of third phase.
Preferably, the total number of turns of a phase windings, b phase windings and c phase windings is N, one winding of the first phase, the second phase
One winding, one winding of third phase the number of turns all be α N, two winding of the first phase, two winding of the second phase, two winding of third phase the number of turns
All it is (1- α) N, α<0.5.
Preferably, the α is 0.1-0.4.
Preferably, the ratio between the number of turns of two winding of one winding of the first phase and the first phase of a phase windings, b phase windings
Two winding of one winding of third phase and third phase of the ratio between the number of turns of two winding of second phase, one winding and the second phase and c phase windings
The ratio between the number of turns is fixed.
Preferably, the ratio between the number of turns of two winding of one winding of the first phase and the first phase of a phase windings, b phase windings
Two winding of one winding of third phase and third phase of the ratio between the number of turns of two winding of second phase, one winding and the second phase and c phase windings
The ratio between the number of turns is variation.
Preferably, first winding switching switch, the second winding switching switch, tertiary winding switching switch, the 4th
Winding switching switch, the 5th winding switching switch, the 6th winding switching switch, the 7th winding switching switch, the switching of the 8th winding
Switch and the 9th winding switching switch are electromagnetic type relay or solid-state relay.Winding switching switch can realize alternating current
Break-make can be electromagnetic type relay according to the gear switch time, can also be solid-state relay etc. can realize it is two-way open and
The switching device of shutdown.
After connection type of the permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention by changing winding, there is different working characteristics, work
Characteristic disclosure satisfy that electric vehicle different rotating speeds and torque-demand, by switching the operating mode of permanent magnet synchronous motor winding, into
The electronic type of row electric vehicle is shifted gears.Specifically, every phase winding of permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention is configured with a winding and two
Winding, per one winding of phase and two windings lead to 4 connecting terminals altogether, and carry out winding switching by becoming winding switching circuit,
Three after switching are connected to three-phase output end of frequency converter, switch and frequency conversion of the controller to change winding switching circuit
The IGBT of device is controlled.Winding switching switch is controlled by controller, there are four types of works for the winding of permanent magnet synchronous motor
Operation mode：Two windings work independently, a winding works independently, two windings and winding parallel work, two windings and one are around string formation
Join work, the different working modes by switching winding realize the switching of different stalls.It is according to the present invention using it is variable around
The electronic type shifting system of group permanent magnet synchronous motor, changes the work of motor as a result of variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor
Characteristic need not additionally increase mechanical transmission and can be realized as that permanent magnet synchronous motor operating point is adjusted, and tradition
Scheme is compared, and can be reduced cost, be reduced volume and weight, improve the efficiency of system.
The operation principle of the present invention：
The torque capacity of permasyn morot has following relationship with turns-in-series：
In formula, TmaxFor maximum electromagnetic torque, Bδ1For air gap flux density fundamental voltage amplitude, LefFor armature computational length, Di1It is fixed
Sub- internal diameter, m are the number of phases, and p is number of pole-pairs, KdpFor winding coefficient, N is that armature winding is often in series the number of turns, τ1For pole span, I1It is fixed
Sub- phase current.
Formula (1) shows that motor turns-in-series are bigger under conditions of motor other parameters are constant, what motor can provide
Torque capacity is also bigger；Under conditions of identical torque is provided, after increasing turns-in-series, the electric current needed for identical torque is provided
Also corresponding to reduce, the capacity of required frequency converter also reduces.
The counter electromotive force and turns-in-series of permanent magnet synchronous motor have following relationship：
In formula, E0For no-load back electromotive force, n is rated speed, Φδ0Unloaded main flux, KΦFor Carter's coefficient, p is extremely right
Number, KdpFor winding coefficient, N is that armature winding is often in series the number of turns.
Formula (2) shows that motor turns-in-series are bigger under conditions of motor other parameters are constant, motor it is anti-electronic
Gesture is bigger, reduces the number of turns, can reduce counter electromotive force.In general, the DC bus-bar voltage of motor inverter is provided by battery pack
, value generally keeps stable, and the maximum back emf of motor is limited by DC bus-bar voltage.It is constant in maximum back emf
In the case of, reduce turns-in-series, counter electromotive force can be reduced, to improve motor turnover speed.In addition, can in formula (2)
To see, counter electromotive force of motor and unloaded main flux also have relationship, and counter electromotive force can also be reduced by reducing unloaded main flux, improved and turned
Speed is rolled over, i.e., unloaded main flux is additionally reduced using weak magnetoelectricity stream, but additional electric current is needed to carry out weak magnetic.Reduce motor
Turns-in-series can reduce or not use weak magnetic so that electric current reduces, and frequency inverter capacity can also reduce.
In electric vehicle low speed section, by the way of two windings in series, increase umber of turn, it can be constant in electric current
In the case of, make the torque of motor output bigger；In high speed section, make winding parallel, reduces equivalent the number of turns of machine winding, make
Obtaining counter electromotive force of motor reduces, and improves motor turnover speed, reduction or the mode without using weak magnetic, can reduce the maximum of motor
Phase current, to reduce the capacity limit of frequency converter.
Assuming that total number of turns of the permanent magnet synchronous motor per phase winding is N, then the number of turns of a winding is α N, and the number of turns of two windings is
(1- α) N, system can carry out the switching of four kinds of gears, as shown in table 1 below：
Table 1
| K1、K4、K7 | K2、K5、K8 | K3、K6、K9 | Winding connection | |
| M1 | × | ○ | × | Series connection |
| M2 | ○ | × | × | Two windings |
| M3 | × | × | ○ | One winding |
| M4 | ○ | × | ○ | It is in parallel |
(1) one winding, the work of two windings in series.Under this gear, controller control the first winding switching switch the 2, the 4th around
Group switching switch 7, the 7th winding switching switch 12 disconnect, the second winding switching switch 3, the 5th winding switch switch the 8, the 8th around
Group switching switch 13 is closed, and the tertiary winding switches switch 5, the 6th winding switching switch 10, the 9th winding switching switch 15 and disconnects,
At this point, one winding of permanent magnet synchronous motor and the work of two windings in series.In series operation, such as keep electric current constant, due to winding
The number of turns that is often in series increases, and motor torque also increases, and can improve the low speed climbing of electric vehicle well and start acceleration
Ability.
(2) two winding autonomous working gears.Under this gear, controller controls the first winding switching switch 2, the 4th winding is cut
Switch 7, the 7th winding switching closure of switch 12 are changed, the second winding switching switch 3, the 5th winding switching switch 8, the 8th winding are cut
Switch 13 is changed, the tertiary winding switches switch 5, the 6th winding switching switch 10, the 9th winding switching switch 15 and disconnects, at this point, forever
Magnetic-synchro motor is worked independently using two windings.
(3) one winding autonomous working gears.Under this gear, controller controls the first winding switching switch 2, the 4th winding is cut
Change switch 7, the 7th winding switches switch 12, the second winding switching switch 3, the 5th winding switch switch 8, the switching of the 8th winding is opened
It closes 13 to disconnect, the tertiary winding switches switch 5, the 6th winding switching switch 10, the 9th winding switching switch 15 and is closed, at this point, forever
Magnetic-synchro motor is worked independently using a winding.
(4) one windings, the work of two winding parallels.Under this gear, controller control the first winding switching switch the 2, the 4th around
Group switching switch 7, the 7th winding switching switch 12 be closed, the second winding switching switch 3, the 5th winding switch switch the 8, the 8th around
Group switching switch 13 disconnects, and the tertiary winding switches switch 5, the 6th winding switching switch 10, the 9th winding switching switch 15 and is closed,
At this point, one winding of permanent magnet synchronous motor and the work of two winding parallels.When winding parallel is run, equivalent the number of turns is few, and counter electromotive force is low,
Rotating speed of transferring is high, enables motor high-speed cruising, reduces the requirement to motor weak magnetism speed expansion ability.
Compared with the existing technology, the invention has the advantages that：
(1) electronic type process for gear is used, mechanical transmission can not used, the volume of system is reduced, alleviate dress
Weight saves cost, improves system effectiveness.
(2) by the switching of permanent magnet synchronous motor winding, the working characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous motor is changed, motor is optimized
Runnability achievees the purpose that extend the range of speeds, can meet the ideal characterisitics of driving motor for electric automobile.
(3) different windings is used in different sections, can electric current is reduced, to reduce the capacity limit of frequency converter
System.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the present invention using the electronic type shifting system composition schematic diagram that can be changed winding permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Fig. 2 is each gear motor characteristic figure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
To more fully understand the present invention, the present invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but this hair
Bright embodiment is without being limited thereto.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, it is a kind of using the electronic type shifting system that can be changed winding permanent magnet synchronous motor, it is applied to electric vehicle
Power drive system, can by the switching of permanent magnet synchronous motor winding connection change motor output characteristics, reach shift
Purpose.
It is a kind of using the electronic type shifting system that can be changed winding permanent magnet synchronous motor include a phase windings, b phase windings, c phases around
Group becomes winding switching circuit, controller 16 and frequency converter 17；Permanent magnet synchronous motor per phase winding configuration there are two winding, a phases around
Group includes one winding 1 of the first phase, two winding 4 of the first phase；B phase windings include one winding 6 of the second phase, two winding 9 of the second phase；C phases
Winding includes one winding 11 of third phase, two winding 14 of third phase；It includes the first winding switching switch 2, the to become winding switching circuit
Two windings switch switch 3, the tertiary winding switching switch 5, the 4th winding switch switch 7, the 5th winding switch switch the 8, the 6th around
Group switching switch 10, the 7th winding switching switch 12, the 8th winding switching switch 13, the 9th winding switch switch 15；
Each phase winding in a phase windings, b phase windings and c phase windings leads to 4 connecting terminals；Wherein, first
One end a of one winding 1 of phase1With one end a of one winding 6 of the second phase5, one winding 11 of third phase one end a9It links together, first
One end a of one winding 1 of phase1It is connected to the first winding switching switch 2 simultaneously, the first winding switches switch 2 and the second winding switches
Switch 3 and tertiary winding switching switch 5 are sequentially connected；The tertiary winding switches one end a of switch 5 and two winding 4 of the first phase4Even
It connects, first ac output end connection of connecting pin and frequency converter, the other end a of one winding 1 of the first phase2It is connected to the second winding
Switch between switch 3 and tertiary winding switching switch 5, the other end a of two winding 4 of the first phase3The switching of the first winding is connected to open
Between pass 2 and the second winding switching switch 3；One end a of second phase, one winding 65It is connected to the 4th winding switching switch 7 simultaneously,
4th winding switches switch 7 and is sequentially connected with the 5th winding switching switch 8 and the 6th winding switching switch 10, the switching of the 6th winding
One end a of switch 10 and two winding of the second phase8Second ac output end of connection, connecting pin and frequency converter connects, the second phase
The other end a of one winding 66It is connected between the 5th winding switching switch 8 and the 6th winding switching switch 10, two winding of the second phase
9 other end a7It is connected between the 4th winding switching switch 7 and the 5th winding switching switch 8；The one of one winding 11 of third phase
Hold a9It is connected to the 7th winding switching switch 12 simultaneously, the 7th winding switches switch 12, the 8th winding switches switch 13 and the 9th
Winding switching switch 15 is sequentially connected；9th winding switches one end a of switch 15 and two winding of third phase12Connection, connecting pin with
The third ac output end of frequency converter connects, the other end a of one winding 11 of third phase10It is connected to the 8th winding switching switch 13
And the 9th winding switching switch 15 between, the other end a of two winding 14 of third phase11It is connected to the 7th winding switching switch 12 and the
Eight windings switch between switch 13.
One end of controller 16 switches with the first winding switching switch 2, the second winding switching switch 3, the tertiary winding respectively
Switch 5, the 4th winding switching switch 7, the 5th winding switching switch 8, the 6th winding switching switch 10, the 7th winding switching switch
12, the 8th winding switching switch 13, the 9th winding switching switch 15 are connected with the IGBT of frequency converter 17, and are opened the switching of each winding
It is controlled；The other end of controller 16 is divided into six tunnels, is connected with six IGBT control terminals of frequency converter 17.Frequency converter 17 by
The IGBT integration modules and a filter capacitor composition of one Unit six；Each two IGBT integration modules are connected in series with, three groups
IGBT integration modules are connected in parallel, and filter capacitor is connected between parallel connected end；Friendship is picked out between two concatenated IGBT integration modules
Flow output end.Specifically first, second of frequency converter 17 and third ac output end u, v and w respectively with the first phase two
One end a of winding 44, two winding of the second phase one end a8With one end a of two winding of third phase12Connection.The three of permanent magnet synchronous motor
It is connected to frequency converter, and DC bus is connected to after filtered capacitance.
Total number of turns of the permanent magnet synchronous motor per phase winding is N, one winding 1 of the first phase, one winding 6 of the second phase, third phase one
The number of turns of winding 11 all be α N, two winding 4 of the first phase, two winding 9 of the second phase, two winding 14 of third phase the number of turns all be (1- α)
N takes α<0.5, the size of equivalent winding the number of turns of different stalls is：Series connection>Two windings>One winding>Parallel connection, illustrate as
Under.
When a winding, the work of two windings in series, controller 16 controls the first winding switching switch 2, the switching of the 4th winding
Switch 7, the 7th winding switching switch 12 disconnect, and the second winding switches switch 3, the 5th winding switching switch 8, the switching of the 8th winding
Switch 13 is closed, and the tertiary winding switches switch 5, the 6th winding switching switch 10, the 9th winding switching switch 15 and disconnects, at this point,
Two winding 4 of one winding 1 of the first phase and the first phase of a phase windings of permanent magnet synchronous motor, one winding of the second phase, 6 He of b phase windings
Second phase, two winding 9,14 tandem working of one winding 11 of third phase and two winding of third phase of c phase windings.In series operation, such as
Keep electric current constant, since the winding the number of turns that is often in series increases, motor torque also increases, and can improve electric vehicle well
Low speed climbing and start acceleration capacity.
When two windings work independently, controller 16 controls the first winding switching switch 2, the 4th winding switches switch 7, the
Seven windings switch switch 12 and are closed, the second winding switches switch 3, the 5th winding switches switch 8, the 8th winding switches switch 13,
The tertiary winding switches switch 5, the 6th winding switching switch 10, the 9th winding switching switch 15 and disconnects, at this point, permanent magnet synchronous motor
Two windings work independently, i.e. two winding 4 of the first phase, two winding 9 of the second phase, two winding 14 of third phase work independently.
When a winding works independently, controller 16 controls the first winding switching switch 2, the 4th winding switches switch 7, the
Seven windings switch switch 12, the second winding switching switch 3, the 5th winding switching switch 8, the 8th winding switching switch 13 and disconnect,
The tertiary winding switches switch 5, the 6th winding switching switch 10, the 9th winding switching switch 15 and is closed, at this point, permanent magnet synchronous motor
One winding works independently, i.e. one winding 1 of the first phase, one winding 6 of the second phase, one winding 11 of third phase work independently.
When a winding, the work of two winding parallels, controller 16 controls the first winding switching switch 2, the switching of the 4th winding
Switch 7, the 7th winding switching switch 12 are closed, and the second winding switches switch 3, the 5th winding switching switch 8, the switching of the 8th winding
Switch 13 disconnects, and the tertiary winding switches switch 5, the 6th winding switching switch 10, the 9th winding switching switch 15 and is closed, at this point,
One winding of permanent magnet synchronous motor and the work of two winding parallels, i.e. two winding 4, b of one winding 1 of the first phase and the first phase of a phase windings
Two winding 9 of one winding 6 of the second phase and the second phase of phase winding, two winding 14 of one winding 11 of third phase and third phase of c phase windings
Parallel operation.When winding parallel is run, equivalent the number of turns is few, and counter electromotive force is low, and turnover rotating speed is high, enables motor high-speed cruising,
Reduce the requirement to motor weak magnetism speed expansion ability.
As shown in Fig. 2, when changing to M1 grades, one winding 1 of the first phase of a phase windings, two winding of the first phase, 4 tandem working, b
One winding 6 of the second phase of phase winding, two winding of the second phase, 9 tandem working, one winding 11 of third phase, the third phase two of c phase windings
14 tandem working of winding, increases umber of turn, can make the torque of motor output bigger, forever in the case where electric current is constant
Magnetic-synchro motor presses characteristic operation shown in curve 21 in Fig. 2, and automobilism is in low speed section；When changing to M2 grades, the first phase
Two windings 4, two winding 9 of the second phase, two winding 14 of third phase work independently, and permanent magnet synchronous motor is pressed in Fig. 2 shown in curve 22
Characteristic is run, and automobilism is in middle low speed section；When changing to M3 grades, one winding 1 of the first phase, one winding 6 of the second phase, third phase
One winding 11 works independently, and permanent magnet synchronous motor presses characteristic operation shown in curve 23 in Fig. 2, and automobilism is in high speed area
Between；When gear change M4 gears, one winding 1 of the first phase, two winding of the first phase, 4 parallel operation of a phase windings, the second phase of b phase windings
One winding 6, two winding of the second phase, 9 parallel operation, one winding 11 of third phase, two winding of third phase, 14 parallel operation of c phase windings,
Reduce equivalent the number of turns of machine winding, permanent magnet synchronous motor presses characteristic operation shown in curve 24 in Fig. 2, and automobilism is in high speed
Section.
Motor speed is in 0~n1In range, permanent magnet synchronous motor is run by the corresponding characteristic curve 21 of M1 gears.Motor turns
Speed is in n1~n2When in range, permanent magnet synchronous motor can be run by the corresponding characteristic curve 22 of M2 gears, and permanent magnet synchronous motor is not
Weak magnetic is carried out, electric vehicle runs on economic operation model；When automobile is larger to torque-demand, electric vehicle can also downshift
Operation is run by the corresponding characteristic curve 23 of M1 gears, by weak magnetic on M1 grades, provides the torque of bigger, electric vehicle fortune
Row is in dynamic mode.Motor speed is in n2~n3When in range, permanent magnet synchronous motor is transported by the corresponding characteristic curve 24 of M3 gears
Row, permanent magnet synchronous motor run on economic operation model without weak magnetic, electric vehicle；When automobile is larger to torque-demand,
Electric vehicle can also downshift operation, run by the corresponding characteristic curve 25 of M2 gears, by weak magnetic on M2 grades, provide bigger
Torque, electric vehicle runs on dynamic mode.Motor speed is in n3~n4When in range, permanent magnet synchronous motor presses M4 gears pair
The characteristic curve 26 answered is run, and permanent magnet synchronous motor runs on economic operation model without weak magnetic, electric vehicle；When automobile pair
When torque-demand is larger, electric vehicle can also downshift operation, be run by the corresponding characteristic curve 27 of M3 gears, logical on M3 shelves
Weak magnetic is crossed, the torque of bigger is provided, electric vehicle runs on dynamic mode.Motor speed is more than n3When, electric vehicle presses M4 grades
The corresponding characteristic curve 26 in position is run, when motor speed is more than n4When, motor carries out weak magnetic control, and rotating speed can be carried further
It rises.
By to one winding 1 of the first phase of permanent magnet synchronous motor in Fig. 1, two winding 4 of the first phase, one winding 6 of the second phase,
Two winding 9 of two-phase, one winding 11 of third phase, the winding parameter of two winding 14 of third phase and magnetic circuit are suitably designed, can be with
So that each gear reaches preferable performance within the scope of different rotating speeds.
Compared to traditional mechanical shifting system, the present invention reduces the body of system due to not using mechanical transmission
Product alleviates weight, saves cost, improves system effectiveness；Compared to the direct driving motor system of no mechanical transmission, this electronic type
Gearshift can adjust the working characteristics of motor according to the speed and torque-demand of electric vehicle, make motor operation in high efficiency
Section, meanwhile, different windings is used in different sections, can electric current be reduced, to reduce the capacity limit of frequency converter
System.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of using the electronic type shifting system that can be changed winding permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is characterized in that including a phase windings, b phases
Winding, becomes winding switching circuit, controller and frequency converter at c phase windings；Permanent magnet synchronous motor per phase winding configuration there are two around
Group, a phase windings include one winding of the first phase, two winding of the first phase；B phase windings include one winding of the second phase, two winding of the second phase；
C phase windings include one winding of third phase, two winding of third phase；It includes the first winding switching switch, second to become winding switching circuit
Winding switching switch, tertiary winding switching switch, the 4th winding switching switch, the 5th winding switching switch, the switching of the 6th winding
Switch, the 7th winding switching switch, the 8th winding switching switch and the 9th winding switching switch；
Each phase winding in a phase windings, b phase windings and c phase windings leads to 4 connecting terminals；Wherein, first
One end of one winding of phase links together with one end of one winding of the second phase, one end of one winding of third phase, one winding of the first phase
One end simultaneously be connected to the first winding switching switch, the first winding switching switch with the second winding switching switch and the tertiary winding
Switching switch is sequentially connected；Tertiary winding switching switch is connect with one end of two winding of the first phase, and the of connecting pin and frequency converter
The other end of one ac output end connection, one winding of the first phase is connected to the second winding switching switch and tertiary winding switching is opened
Between pass, the other end of two winding of the first phase is connected between the first winding switching switch and the second winding switching switch；Second
One end of one winding of phase is connected to the 4th winding switching switch simultaneously, the 4th winding switching switch and the 5th winding switching switch and
6th winding switches switch and is sequentially connected, and the 6th winding switching switch is connect with one end of two winding of the second phase, connecting pin and change
Second ac output end of frequency device connects, the other end of one winding of the second phase be connected to the 5th winding switching switch and the 6th around
Between group switches switch, the other end of two winding of the second phase is connected to the 4th winding switching switch and the 5th winding switches switch
Between；One end of one winding of third phase is connected to the 7th winding switching switch, the 7th winding switching switch, the switching of the 8th winding simultaneously
Switch and the 9th winding switching switch are sequentially connected；9th winding switching switch is connect with one end of two winding of third phase, is connected
End connect with the third ac output end of frequency converter, the other end of one winding of third phase be connected to the 8th winding switch switch with
Between 9th winding switching switch, the other end of two winding of third phase is connected to the 7th winding switching switch and the switching of the 8th winding
Between switch；
One end of the controller is switched with the switching of the first winding respectively, the second winding switching switch, the tertiary winding switch switch,
4th winding switching switch, the 5th winding switching switch, the 6th winding switching switch, the 7th winding switching switch, the 8th winding
Switching switch and the 9th winding switching switch；The other end of controller is divided into six tunnels, six IGBT control terminal phases with frequency converter
Connection.
2. according to claim 1 using the electronic type shifting system that can be changed winding permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is characterized in that
The frequency converter is made of the IGBT integration modules and a filter capacitor of Unit six；Each two IGBT integration module strings
Connection connection, three groups of IGBT integration modules are connected in parallel, and filter capacitor is connected between parallel connected end；Two concatenated IGBT integration modules
Between pick out ac output end.
3. according to claim 2 using the electronic type shifting system that can be changed winding permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is characterized in that
First, second of the frequency converter and third ac output end distinguish two winding of the first phase, two winding of the second phase and
One end of two winding of third phase connects.
4. according to claim 1 using the electronic type shifting system that can be changed winding permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is characterized in that
The total number of turns of a phase windings, b phase windings and c phase windings is N, one winding of the first phase, one winding of the second phase, third phase one
The number of turns of winding all be α N, two winding of the first phase, two winding of the second phase, two winding of third phase the number of turns all be (1- α) N, α<
0.5。
5. according to claim 4 using the electronic type shifting system that can be changed winding permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is characterized in that
The α is 0.1-0.4.
6. according to claim 1 using the electronic type shifting system that can be changed winding permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is characterized in that
The ratio between the number of turns of two winding of one winding of the first phase and the first phase of a phase windings, one winding of the second phase of b phase windings and
The ratio between the number of turns of two winding of one winding of third phase and third phase of the ratio between the number of turns of two winding of two-phase and c phase windings is fixed
's.
7. according to claim 1 using the electronic type shifting system that can be changed winding permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is characterized in that
The ratio between the number of turns of two winding of one winding of the first phase and the first phase of a phase windings, one winding of the second phase of b phase windings and
The ratio between the number of turns of two winding of one winding of third phase and third phase of the ratio between the number of turns of two winding of two-phase and c phase windings is variation
's.
8. according to claim 1 using the electronic type shifting system that can be changed winding permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is characterized in that
The described first winding switching switch, the second winding switching switch, tertiary winding switching switch, the 4th winding switching switch, the
Five windings switching switch, the 6th winding switching switch, the 7th winding switching switch, the 8th winding switching switch and the 9th winding are cut
It is electromagnetic type relay or solid-state relay to change switch.
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