CN108258868B - Winding dynamic transformation speed regulation permanent magnet synchronous motor and control method thereof - Google Patents

Winding dynamic transformation speed regulation permanent magnet synchronous motor and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108258868B
CN108258868B CN201810052023.5A CN201810052023A CN108258868B CN 108258868 B CN108258868 B CN 108258868B CN 201810052023 A CN201810052023 A CN 201810052023A CN 108258868 B CN108258868 B CN 108258868B
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phase
switch
winding
phase winding
motor
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CN108258868A (en
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曲荣海
蔺梦轩
李大伟
孔武斌
裴同豪
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/30Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
    • H02K11/33Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/04Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/18Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/08Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2207/00Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
    • H02P2207/05Synchronous machines, e.g. with permanent magnets or DC excitation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a winding dynamic transformation speed regulation permanent magnet synchronous motor and a control method thereof, wherein the back electromotive force is reduced by changing the connection of windings through connected switches, the three-phase double three-phase transformation is realized by connecting the windings of a double three-phase motor in series at low speed to form a three-phase winding, and two sets of windings are respectively connected with two inverters at high speed. The motor can be set into two rated points through three-phase double three-phase transformation, the rated points are 'low-speed' when the three phases are connected, and the weak magnetic current is gradually increased when the rotating speed of the common speed regulating motor is gradually increased, so that the performance of the motor is reduced.

Description

Winding dynamic transformation speed regulation permanent magnet synchronous motor and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of permanent magnet synchronous motors, and particularly relates to a winding dynamic transformation speed regulation permanent magnet synchronous motor and a control method thereof.
Background
The rare earth resources in China are rich, the reserves of rare earth ores are about 4 times of the reserves of other countries in the world, and the yields of the rare earth ores and the rare earth permanent magnets are in the forefront of the world. Meanwhile, the research on rare earth materials and the research level of rare earth permanent magnet motors in China reach the international advanced level. Therefore, the advantages of rare earth resources are fully exerted, and the research and the popularization and the application of various permanent magnet motors represented by rare earth permanent magnet motors have important theoretical significance and practical value for China. Compared with the traditional motor, the permanent magnet motor has simple structure and reliable operation; the volume is small and the weight is light; the loss is small, and the efficiency is high; the application is very wide and almost extends to various fields of aerospace, national defense, industrial and agricultural production and daily life. In the application with wider speed regulation range, such as an electric automobile motor, an airplane starting generator, an electric main shaft machine tool motor and the like, the motor is required to be capable of operating above a rated rotating speed, when the motor reaches a certain rotating speed, the output voltage of an inverter reaches the maximum, at the moment, the air gap flux of the motor needs to be reduced when the rotating speed of the motor is continuously increased, namely, the flux needs to be weakened to operate, the voltage is kept unchanged, and the weakening of the flux is controlled, so that the aim of controlling the synchronous motor to operate above the basic speed is fulfilled. In the flux weakening interval, however, the efficiency is gradually reduced along with the increase of the rotating speed; meanwhile, the rotating speed is increased, the counter potential is correspondingly increased, and the flux weakening current is also correspondingly increased to keep the voltage unchanged, so that the current even exceeds the rated point current, and great temperature rise is caused. In addition, the speed regulation section of the motor is also limited by the inverter, and the capacity of the inverter is often required to be increased when the speed regulation section is increased. The performance of the motor in a weak magnetic region is greatly reduced due to the series of factors, so that the improvement of the efficiency of the permanent magnet motor in a high-speed region is of great significance.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, a conventional control scheme for a rare earth permanent magnet motor with multiple rated operating points is adopted, in the technical scheme, the back electromotive force in a high-speed interval is reduced by changing the number of parallel branches, so that the purpose of 'weak magnetism' is achieved. As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the motor is divided into low-speed, medium-speed and high-speed rated points. First rated operating point winding wiring end 1, 2, 3 are external three-phase lead-out wire wiring end, and wiring end 1 is A looks, and wiring end 2 is B looks, and wiring end 3 is C looks, and wiring end 4, 5, 6 connect in parallel for the star mid point, and second rated operating point winding wiring method is: the phases of the terminals 1 and 8 are A phases, the phases of the terminals 2 and 10 are B phases, the phases of the terminals 3 and 12 are C phases, the phases of the terminals 7, 4, 9, 5, 11 and 6 are star-shaped midpoints, and the wiring method of the winding at the third rated working point comprises the following steps: the phase of the terminal 1, 8, 14 and 16 is A phase, the phase of the terminal 2, 10, 18 and 20 is B phase, the phase of the terminal 24, 22, 12 and 3 is C phase, and the phase of the terminal 13, 15, 7, 4, 17, 19, 9, 5, 21, 23, 11 and 6 is star-shaped midpoint. The number of parallel branches at the first rated point is 1, the number of parallel branches at the second rated point is 2, and the number of parallel branches at the third rated point is 4. The back electromotive forces corresponding to the three different connection modes at the same rotating speed are respectively E, E/2 and E/4, so that the back electromotive force can be effectively reduced by adopting a first rated point connection mode in a low-speed interval, a second rated point connection mode in a medium-speed interval and a third connection point connection mode in a high-speed interval, thereby achieving the purpose of 'weak magnetism'.
However, the above technical solutions have the following problems: the number of rated working points is limited by the matching of the pole grooves, and the span of several rated rotating speeds is large; the winding connection is complex; the required switches are many, and the reliability is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements in the prior art, the invention provides a winding dynamic transformation speed regulation permanent magnet synchronous motor and a control method thereof, so that the problems that the number of rated working points is limited by the matching of pole slots and the span of several rated rotating speeds is large when the weak magnetic current is reduced and the motor efficiency is improved in the conventional control mode of a rare earth permanent magnet motor with multiple rated working points are solved; the winding connection is complex; the required switches are more, and the reliability is low.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a winding dynamic shift speed control permanent magnet synchronous motor, comprising: the first three-phase winding comprises an A1 phase winding, a B1 phase winding and a C1 phase winding, and the second three-phase winding comprises an A2 phase winding, a B2 phase winding and a C2 phase winding;
wherein the first end of the A1 phase winding, the first end of the B1 phase winding, and the first end of the C1 phase winding are connected to a first three-phase inverter, respectively;
the second end of the A1 phase winding is connected with the first end of the second switch and the first end of the third switch, the second end of the B1 phase winding is connected with the first end of the fifth switch and the first end of the sixth switch, and the second end of the C1 phase winding is connected with the first end of the eighth switch and the first end of the ninth switch;
a second terminal of the second switch is connected to the first terminal of the A2 phase winding and the second terminal of the first switch, and a second terminal of the third switch is connected to the second terminal of the sixth switch and the second terminal of the C2 phase winding;
a second end of the fifth switch is connected with a first end of the B2 phase winding and a second end of the fourth switch; a second terminal of the eighth switch is connected to the first terminal of the C2 phase winding and a second terminal of the seventh switch;
a second end of the A2 phase winding is connected with a second end of the B2 phase winding and a second end of the ninth switch;
and the first end of the first switch, the first end of the fourth switch and the first end of the seventh switch are connected with a second three-phase inverter.
Preferably, the first three-phase winding and the second three-phase winding are separated by phase-to-phase insulation.
Preferably, each switch adopts a contactor or a power electronic switch.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control method for a winding dynamic shift speed regulation permanent magnet synchronous motor based on any one of the above, including:
when the motor speed is lower than or equal to a second rated speed, the second switch, the fifth switch and the eighth switch are closed, the first switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, the sixth switch, the seventh switch and the ninth switch are opened, the A1 phase winding is connected in series with the A2 phase winding, the B1 phase winding is connected in series with the B2 phase winding, and the C1 phase winding is connected in series with the C2 phase winding to form a three-phase connection;
when the rotating speed of the motor exceeds the second rated rotating speed, the second switch, the fifth switch and the eighth switch are switched off, the first switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, the sixth switch, the seventh switch and the ninth switch are switched on, the A1 phase winding is connected with the A2 phase winding in parallel, the B1 phase winding is connected with the B2 phase winding in parallel, and the C1 phase winding is connected with the C2 phase winding in parallel to form double-triple connection.
Preferably, the second rated rotational speed is 2 times the first rated rotational speed, which represents the rotational speed of the corresponding rated point when the windings are connected in three phases, and the second rated rotational speed represents the rotational speed of the corresponding rated point when the windings are connected in two three phases.
Preferably, the capacity of the frequency converter used for power supply in the dual three-phase operation is half of the capacity of the frequency converter used for power supply in the three-phase operation.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
(1) the number of rated points is increased by controlling three-phase and double-three-phase transformation through the switch, the rated point corresponding to the winding is the first rated point when the winding is in three-phase connection, and the rated point corresponding to the winding is the second rated point when the winding is in double-three-phase connection.
(2) The two rated points are adopted for switching, the speed regulation range is expanded, when the motor runs at a low speed, the winding is a three-phase winding, the back electromotive force of the winding is increased along with the increase of the rotating speed, the weak magnetic current is gradually increased, if the motor runs with the three-phase winding all the time, the back electromotive force of the winding is increased along with the further increase of the rotating speed, the maximum voltage which can be provided by the inverter is certain due to the limitation of the voltage of a direct current bus, after the rotating speed is increased to a certain value, the inverter cannot provide the voltage required by the motor due to the overlarge back electromotive force, and the. Three-phase double three-phase transformation is adopted, when the rotating speed exceeds a second rated rotating speed, the winding connection is double three-phase connection, each set of winding of the double three-phase winding is respectively supplied with power by two inverters, the counter potential of each phase is greatly reduced, the maximum rotating speed can be effectively improved, and the operating range is enlarged.
(3) The motor adopts a method of reducing back electromotive force, reduces weak magnetic current, copper consumption and temperature rise, improves efficiency, wherein the back electromotive force is in direct proportion to the number of turns of windings in series connection, three-phase double three-phase transformation is adopted, after transformation, the number of turns of each phase in series connection is reduced by half, and the back electromotive force is reduced.
(4) The motor adopts double three-phase connection in a high-speed running interval, and compared with a three-phase motor, the iron loss of the double three-phase motor is smaller.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first rated point winding connection controlled by a conventional multi-rated operating point rare earth permanent magnet motor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second rated point winding connection controlled by a conventional multi-rated operating point rare earth permanent magnet motor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third rated point winding connection controlled by a conventional multi-rated operating point rare earth permanent magnet motor according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a winding three-phase double three-phase transformation diagram of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with dynamic transformation speed regulation of windings provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a three-phase connection diagram of the winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor with dynamic winding change speed regulation provided by the invention;
fig. 6 is a winding double three-phase connection diagram of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with dynamically-changed windings and speed-regulated.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention provides a winding dynamic transformation speed regulation permanent magnet synchronous motor and a control method thereof, aiming at overcoming the defect that the performance of the existing permanent magnet motor is reduced after the existing permanent magnet motor is subjected to weak magnetism. The motor can be set into two rated points through three-phase double three-phase transformation, the rated points are 'low-speed' when the three phases are connected, and the weak magnetic current is gradually increased when the rotating speed of the common speed regulating motor is gradually increased, so that the performance of the motor is reduced.
Fig. 4 shows a winding three-phase double three-phase transformation diagram of a winding dynamic transformation speed-regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor provided by the invention, which includes: the first three-phase winding comprises an A1 phase winding, a B1 phase winding and a C1 phase winding, and the second three-phase winding comprises an A2 phase winding, a B2 phase winding and a C2 phase winding;
the first end of the A1 phase winding, the first end of the B1 phase winding and the first end of the C1 phase winding are respectively connected with a first three-phase inverter;
a second end of the a1 phase winding is connected to a first end of a second switch S2 and a first end of a third switch S3, a second end of the B1 phase winding is connected to a first end of a fifth switch S5 and a first end of a sixth switch S6, and a second end of the C1 phase winding is connected to a first end of an eighth switch S8 and a first end of a ninth switch S9;
a second end of the second switch S2 is connected to the first end of the a2 phase winding and the second end of the first switch S1, and a second end of the third switch S3 is connected to the second end of the sixth switch S6 and the second end of the C2 phase winding;
a second terminal of the fifth switch S5 is connected with the first terminal of the B2 phase winding and the second terminal of the fourth switch S4; a second terminal of the eighth switch S8 is connected to the first terminal of the C2 phase winding and to the second terminal of the seventh switch S7;
the second end of the A2 phase winding is connected with the second end of the B2 phase winding and the second end of the ninth switch S9;
a first terminal of the first switch S1, a first terminal of the fourth switch S4, and a first terminal of the seventh switch S7 are connected to the second three-phase inverter.
In an alternative embodiment, the first three-phase winding and the second three-phase winding are separated by phase-to-phase insulation.
In an alternative embodiment, each switch is a contactor or a power electronic switch.
The three-phase double three-phase transformation winding set provided by the invention is connected with three phases in a three-phase double three-phase transformation winding set arrangement as shown in fig. 5, the windings A1, B1, C1, A2, B2 and C2 are respectively connected with two three-phase windings of A1 phase, B1 phase, C1 phase, A2 phase, B2 phase and C2 phase in the three-phase double three-phase transformation winding set arrangement as shown in fig. 6, when the motor speed is below a second rated speed, the windings A1, B1 and C1 are respectively connected with the windings A2, B2 and C2 in series and connected with a set of three-phase inverters, when the motor speed exceeds the second rated speed, the windings A1, B1 and C1 are connected with one three-phase inverter, and the windings A2, B2 and C2 are connected with the other inverters to form a common double three-phase motor. Winding transformation as shown in fig. 4, when the motor operates at a low speed, the phase windings form three-phase connection through the closing and the opening of each switch, and when the motor operates at a high speed, the phase windings form double-three connection through the closing and the opening of each switch.
Specifically, the invention also provides a control method of the permanent magnet synchronous motor based on the dynamic winding conversion speed regulation, which comprises the following steps:
when the motor rotating speed is lower than or equal to the second rated rotating speed, a second switch S2, a fifth switch S5 and an eighth switch S8 are closed, a first switch S1, a third switch S3, a fourth switch S4, a sixth switch S6, a seventh switch S7 and a ninth switch S9 are opened, an A1 phase winding is connected with an A2 phase winding in series, a B1 phase winding is connected with a B2 phase winding in series, and a C1 phase winding is connected with a C2 phase winding in series to form three-phase connection;
when the motor rotating speed exceeds a second rated rotating speed, the second switch S2, the fifth switch S5 and the eighth switch S8 are opened, the first switch S1, the third switch S3, the fourth switch S4, the sixth switch S6, the seventh switch S7 and the ninth switch S9 are closed, the A1 phase winding is connected with the A2 phase winding in parallel, the B1 phase winding is connected with the B2 phase winding in parallel, and the C1 phase winding is connected with the C2 phase winding in parallel to form double-triple connection.
In an alternative embodiment, since the number of series turns of each phase after the double three-phase connection is 1/2, the second rated rotational speed is 2 times the first rated rotational speed, where the first rated rotational speed represents the rotational speed of the rated point corresponding to the winding when the winding is three-phase connected, and the second rated rotational speed represents the rotational speed of the rated point corresponding to the winding when the winding is double three-phase connected.
In an alternative embodiment, the capacity of the frequency converter used for power supply in the dual three-phase operation is half of the capacity of the frequency converter used for power supply in the three-phase operation.
In the invention, a winding conversion mode is adopted, and the connection modes of windings in a low-speed area and a high-speed area are different; when the rotating speed is 2 times of the first rated rotating speed, the winding is in a three-phase connection mode, and when the rotating speed exceeds 2 times of the first rated rotating speed, the winding is in a double three-phase connection mode; the above winding transformation modes are dynamically switched when the motor runs.
The rotating shaft, the shell, the end cover and the stator and rotor punching sheets used by the motor structure can all adopt the existing structure of the conventional motor, do not need special design, do not need to redesign a die, and only lead out the winding segments respectively when the winding is off line. The motor has a simple structure, and the winding is changed on the basis of the existing motor.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A winding dynamic transformation speed regulation permanent magnet synchronous motor is characterized by comprising: the first three-phase winding comprises an A1 phase winding, a B1 phase winding and a C1 phase winding, and the second three-phase winding comprises an A2 phase winding, a B2 phase winding and a C2 phase winding;
wherein the first end of the A1 phase winding, the first end of the B1 phase winding, and the first end of the C1 phase winding are connected to a first three-phase inverter, respectively;
the second end of the A1 phase winding is connected with the first end of the second switch and the first end of the third switch, the second end of the B1 phase winding is connected with the first end of the fifth switch and the first end of the sixth switch, and the second end of the C1 phase winding is connected with the first end of the eighth switch and the first end of the ninth switch;
a second terminal of the second switch is connected to the first terminal of the A2 phase winding and the second terminal of the first switch, and a second terminal of the third switch is connected to the second terminal of the sixth switch and the second terminal of the C2 phase winding;
a second end of the fifth switch is connected with a first end of the B2 phase winding and a second end of the fourth switch; a second terminal of the eighth switch is connected to the first terminal of the C2 phase winding and a second terminal of the seventh switch;
a second end of the A2 phase winding is connected with a second end of the B2 phase winding and a second end of the ninth switch;
the first end of the first switch, the first end of the fourth switch and the first end of the seventh switch are connected with a second three-phase inverter;
the windings A1, B1, C1, A2, B2 and C2 are respectively an A1 phase, a B1 phase, a C1 phase, an A2 phase, a B2 phase and a C2 phase of a double three-phase winding, when the motor rotating speed is below a second rated rotating speed, the A1, the B1 phase and the C1 phase are respectively connected with the windings A2, the B2 and the C2 in series and connected with a set of three-phase inverters, when the motor rotating speed exceeds the second rated rotating speed, the A1, the B1 and the C1 are connected with one three-phase inverter, and the A2, the B2 and the C2 are connected with the other inverter, so that a common double three-phase motor is formed.
2. The permanent magnet synchronous motor of claim 1, wherein the first three-phase winding and the second three-phase winding are separated by phase-to-phase insulation.
3. A permanent magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each switch is a contactor or a power electronic switch.
4. A control method for a winding dynamic transformation speed regulation permanent magnet synchronous motor based on any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the motor speed is lower than or equal to a second rated speed, the second switch, the fifth switch and the eighth switch are closed, the first switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, the sixth switch, the seventh switch and the ninth switch are opened, the A1 phase winding is connected in series with the A2 phase winding, the B1 phase winding is connected in series with the B2 phase winding, and the C1 phase winding is connected in series with the C2 phase winding to form a three-phase connection;
when the motor speed exceeds the second rated speed, the second switch, the fifth switch and the eighth switch are opened, the first switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, the sixth switch, the seventh switch and the ninth switch are closed, A1, B1 and C1 are connected with one three-phase inverter, A2, B2 and C2 are connected with the other inverter, and a common double three-phase motor is formed.
5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the second nominal rotational speed is 2 times the first nominal rotational speed, which first nominal rotational speed represents the rotational speed of the corresponding rated point when the windings are three-phase connected, and which second nominal rotational speed represents the rotational speed of the corresponding rated point when the windings are two three-phase connected.
6. A method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the capacity of the frequency converter used for power supply in the double three-phase operation is half the capacity of the frequency converter used for power supply in the three-phase operation.
CN201810052023.5A 2018-01-19 2018-01-19 Winding dynamic transformation speed regulation permanent magnet synchronous motor and control method thereof Active CN108258868B (en)

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CN109301965A (en) * 2018-10-25 2019-02-01 北京精密机电控制设备研究所 A kind of electric motor and controller method that electromagnetic structure is variable
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