CN108713363A - A kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region woods grass-shrub vegetation implantation methods - Google Patents
A kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region woods grass-shrub vegetation implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 22
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- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 240000004528 Catalpa ovata Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010005 Catalpa ovata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000425037 Toona sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000089698 Zanthoxylum simulans Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001093951 Ailanthus altissima Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016061 Coriaria sinica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
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- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000018167 Reynoutria japonica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000029684 Vitex negundo var. negundo Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000105627 Cajanus indicus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010773 Cajanus indicus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000002547 Rosa roxburghii Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000000640 Rosa roxburghii Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region woods grass-shrub vegetation implantation methods, it includes step 1, according to the situation of change of Karst Rocky Desertification Region coenotype, structure, composition and Species Characteristics, determines the karst vegetation natural deduction stage；Step 2 is chosen seeds according to Karst Rocky Desertification Region geology and edaphic condition；Step 3 carries out plant society collocation as unit of plant functional groups；Step 4, the geomorphological structure feature according to Karst Rocky Desertification Region peak cluster depression, consider restoration of the ecosystem and industry development, establish the three-dimensional collocation mode in massif space；Woods grass-shrub vegetation planting is carried out after step 5, collocation；It solves the Karst Rocky Desertification Region ecosystem to degenerate, the technical problems such as bio-diversity is drastically reduced, and soil erosion gradually aggravates.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Karst vegetation implantation methods more particularly to a kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region woods grass-shrub vegetations
Implantation methods.
Background technology
The Karst Rocky Desertification Region ecosystem is degenerated, and bio-diversity is drastically reduced, and soil erosion gradually adds
Play has become the great ecological problem for restricting Southwestern China karst regional economy social development.The ecology of this area
Problem is always the key points and difficulties of China's help-the-poor campaign, ecological recovery and reconstruction.But due to human interference, karst
The original forest in area forms different type of plant communities by different degrees of destruction:It is degenerated by being seriously damaged
At careless slope, to the climax high forest close to original forest, and the shrub-grass, spinney, the Qiao Guanlin that fall between
And the groups such as high forest.Vegetation is fragile raw in containment stony desertification generation, adjustment region Carbon balance, effective conservation of soil and water, maintenance
State system plays the role of very important in terms of stablizing with Ecosystem Services such as species diversity conservations.Therefore promote noise made in coughing or vomiting this
Special Rocky Desertification Region woods grass-shrub vegetation restores particularly urgent.
Invention content：
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention：A kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region woods grass-shrub vegetation implantation methods are provided, with
Solve the skills such as the Karst Rocky Desertification Region ecosystem is degenerated, and bio-diversity is drastically reduced, and soil erosion gradually aggravates
Art problem.
Technical solution of the present invention：
A kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region woods grass-shrub vegetation implantation methods, it includes：
Step 1, according to the situation of change of Karst Rocky Desertification Region coenotype, structure, composition and Species Characteristics, really
Determine the karst vegetation natural deduction stage；
Step 2 is chosen seeds according to Karst Rocky Desertification Region geology and edaphic condition；
Step 3 carries out plant society collocation as unit of plant functional groups；
Step 4, the geomorphological structure feature according to Karst Rocky Desertification Region peak cluster depression, consider restoration of the ecosystem with
The three-dimensional collocation mode in massif space is established in industry development；
Woods grass-shrub vegetation planting is carried out after step 5, collocation.
The karst vegetation natural deduction stage described in step 1 is divided into thick grass, sowing, shrubbery, tall filling, high forest rank
Section.
It is according to the method that Karst Rocky Desertification Region geology and edaphic condition are chosen seeds described in step 2：In negative land form
Select deciduous species Chinese toon and Chinese catalpa；Larger in the gradient, native thin, the exposed area of rock selects the fleece-flower root, honeysuckle, kudzu
Liana；The big area of chad content selects drought-enduring, the small coniferous species of transpiration rate.
The method of progress plant society collocation is as unit of plant functional groups described in step 3：To the area of arborous layer missing
Domain selects Ailanthus altissima, Chinese prickly ash and appoints beans；Cuckoo, fiery spine, Yellow Fructus Gardeniae, five-leaved chaste tree, Coriaria sinica and thorn are selected to the region of shrub layer missing
Pears；The maintenance on meadow chooses Cool-Season Forage Species and season type herbage according to local climate condition, drilling or disseminates, grass family
Optimal proportion with leguminous forage is 3:1.
The method for the three-dimensional collocation mode that massif space is established described in step 4 is：In the long-term fencing of steep slope region；Compared with
Steep slope region plants honeysuckle, pigeonpea, the economic species of bamboo；Between bealock and the foot of a mountain gentle slope area plant high-quality fruit forest zones simultaneously
Make medicinal material；Develop plant of grain crops in depression bottom；In deep crisp Lee of massif lower part plantation ice of soil layer and honeysuckle；?
The deep middle and upper part gradient of soil layer uses " deciduous species+evergreen species+honeysuckle " pattern；Implement to close hillsides to facilitate afforestation on mountain top,
Protect natural vegetation.
Described in step 5 carry out woods grass-shrub vegetation planting method be：It using cave-shaped site preparation, applies farm manure and makees base manure, per cave
Dose 3-5kg；Using 1 year raw exposed root and shoot forestation, 60-100 plants per acre；Accomplish that the positive root of seedling relaxes when plant, layering adds soil, steps on
It is real, it plants and uses stone, dry branches and fallen leaves or covered rearing with plastic film on plant hole；It to use every year and loosen the soil, foster, earthing up, top dressing and repairing
Branch.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
The present invention is by Local plant resources come the conservation of soil and water；Weigh ecological benefits during Rocky Desertification Control
And economic benefit, consolidate Rocky Desertification Control achievement；Rocky Desertification Region revegetation is carried out in such a way that woods grass-shrub vegetation configures
With reconstruction, optimize the eco-economic functions for reinforcing group with this by being configured to existing vegetational type；Solves noise made in coughing or vomiting
The technologies such as this special Rocky Desertification Region ecosystem is degenerated, and bio-diversity is drastically reduced, and soil erosion gradually aggravates are asked
Topic.
Specific implementation mode：
A kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region woods grass-shrub vegetation implantation methods, it includes：
Step 1 determines the vegetation succession stage
Mainly synecology principle is used to understand Karst Rocky Desertification Region coenotype, structure, composition and species
Etc. features situation of change, verify different ecological values, it is proposed that the compensation matching structure strategy of adaptation to local conditions.
The karst vegetation natural deduction stage is divided into thick grass-sowing-shrubbery-Qiao's filling-high forest stage, with Karst vegetation
Different phase COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS is different (table 1) from the rudimentary During Succession to advanced stage.It needs first to determine the vegetation succession stage.
1 vegetation succession phase characteristic of table
Step 2, vegetation selection
Karst Rocky Desertification topography and geomorphology complexity is various, and the determination of plant species will also be needed to different geology and soil
Condition is chosen seeds.Possess thicker soil region in the negative land forms such as big stone ditch, stone pit, stone cistern, soil moisture content compared with
Height is suitble to deciduous species Chinese toon, Chinese catalpa of fast-growing etc..
Larger to the gradient (>25°,<45 °), soil is by very thin (10cm), the area of rock exposed more serious (70% or more),
Moisture easily flows away along scar, is only suitable for the climbing of the lianas such as the fleece-flower root, honeysuckle, kudzu.
Greatly (45% or more), water retention property is very poor, and pole is unfavorable for the breeding of vegetation and survives for chad content, and afforestation is difficult
Degree is big, and such kind of area is then selected extremely drought-enduring, and the small coniferous species of transpiration rate such as Yunnan cypress, Huashan pine, pinus yunnanensis or leaf have one layer
Seeds of wax coat or hard such as glossy privet, Quercus acutissima, Qinggang oak etc..
Step 3, plant society collocation
Plant is arranged in pairs or groups as unit of plant functional groups, distributes technology rationally, makes the collocation forms of species, density and residing
Spatial position be in optimum state, form the space structure configuration mode of science.There is kind of a groups in vegetation recovery procedure
Substitution law lacks the composed structure of natural vegetation group, and system stability is poor, easily occurs to degenerate and by pest and disease damage.
For the stereochemical structure unobvious of woods grass-shrub vegetation, part vegetation level missing, the region of arborous layer missing can
It chooses fast-growing, adaptability, happiness calcium, drought-enduring vegetation to be planted, such as Ailanthus altissima, Chinese prickly ash, beans.
Some economical species can be planted for the region of shrub layer missing, adjust the structure of species, while solving the common people
Livelihoods such as cuckoo, fiery spine, Yellow Fructus Gardeniae, five-leaved chaste tree, Coriaria sinica, Rosa roxburghii Tratt.
The maintenance on meadow can choose Cool-Season Forage Species and season type herbage according to local climate condition, drilling or disseminate,
Grass family and the optimal proportion of leguminous forage are 3:1.
The three-dimensional collocation of step 4, massif space
According to the geomorphological structure feature of peak cluster depression, restoration of the ecosystem and industry development are considered, establish massif space
Three-dimensional collocation mode.Specially：Steep slope region, long-term fencing；Compared with steep slope region, plantation water protects the strong honeysuckle of ability, wood
The economic species such as beans, bamboo；Make medicinal material between planting high-quality fruit forest zones simultaneously in the gentle slopes area such as bealock, the foot of a mountain；It mainly sends out depression bottom
Open up plant of grain crops.A variety of Comprehensive Management Modes are constructed with this, such as：Peak cluster mountainous region fruit+medicine ecological pattern, peak cluster
Mountainous region is crushed plot fruit+dish ecological pattern etc..
In the deep massif lower part of soil layer based on the crisp Lee's kind of local ice, it is aided with the protection of the hedges band such as liana, shrub and arranges
" the crisp Lee+honeysuckle of the ice " pattern applied；The middle and upper part gradient is larger, and long-term cultivation makes the exposed rate of rock become very big, is commonly called as
" being nook ", using " deciduous species (Chinese catalpa, Chinese toon, alder)+evergreen species (Yunnan cypress, glossy privet)+honeysuckle " pattern；
Mountain top soil is extremely rare, artificial measures can not be used to restore vegetation, should implement to close hillsides to facilitate afforestation, protect natural vegetation.
Step 5, woods grass-shrub vegetation planting
Fruit forest zones seedling growth generally uses cave-shaped site preparation, applies farm manure and make base manure, fertilizer amount of often spreading manuer in holes 3-5kg；Using 1
Year raw exposed root and shoot forestation, 60-100 plant per acre, plant accomplishes that the positive root of seedling relaxes, and layering adds soil, steady and sure, plants and uses stone, withered on plant hole
Branch fallen leaves or covered rearing with plastic film；To use every year loosen the soil, foster, earthing up, the measures such as top dressing and pruning.
Woods grass-shrub vegetation it is multi-level, multifarious planting patterns contributes to the stability and stony desertification environment of vegetation
Administer effect.So in the preferable area of edaphic condition, " fruit forest zones+Chinese prickly ash ", " fruit forest zones+economical herbage " and " flower are taken
The administration way of green pepper+short bar industrial crops ".Form woods shrub complex ecological structure.
" seizing every opportunity " is answered in the larger location of naked stone rate, is made full use of remaining in stone ditch, crack of stone, stone cistern and stone pit
Soil dense planting；The naked relatively small location of stone rate should then control the density of plantation in 900~1050 plants/hm2, to be formed
Woods window realizes tall, filling, careless three layers of stereoscopic configurations.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region woods grass-shrub vegetation implantation methods, it includes：
Step 1, according to the situation of change of Karst Rocky Desertification Region coenotype, structure, composition and Species Characteristics, determine noise made in coughing or vomiting this
Specially the area vegetation natural deduction stage；
Step 2 is chosen seeds according to Karst Rocky Desertification Region geology and edaphic condition；
Step 3 carries out plant society collocation as unit of plant functional groups；
Step 4, the geomorphological structure feature according to Karst Rocky Desertification Region peak cluster depression consider restoration of the ecosystem and are sent out with industry
Exhibition, establishes the three-dimensional collocation mode in massif space；
Woods grass-shrub vegetation planting is carried out after step 5, collocation.
2. a kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region woods grass-shrub vegetation implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
The rapid 1 karst vegetation natural deduction stage is divided into thick grass, sowing, shrubbery, tall filling, high forest stage.
3. a kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region woods grass-shrub vegetation implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
Rapid 2 methods chosen seeds according to Karst Rocky Desertification Region geology and edaphic condition are：It is selected in negative land form area wealthy
Leaf seeds Chinese toon and Chinese catalpa；Larger in the gradient, soil selects the fleece-flower root, honeysuckle, kudzu liana to plant by the thin exposed area of rock
Object；The big area of chad content selects drought-enduring, the small coniferous species of transpiration rate.
4. a kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region woods grass-shrub vegetation implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
The methods of progress plant society collocation are as unit of plant functional groups described in rapid 3：To arborous layer missing region select Ailanthus altissima,
Chinese prickly ash and beans；Cuckoo, fiery spine, Yellow Fructus Gardeniae, five-leaved chaste tree, Coriaria sinica and Rosa roxburghii Tratt are selected to the region of shrub layer missing；The maintenance on meadow
Cool-Season Forage Species and season type herbage are chosen according to local climate condition, drilling or is disseminated, and grass family and leguminous forage are most
Good ratio is 3:1.
5. a kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region woods grass-shrub vegetation implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
The method of the rapid 4 three-dimensional collocation modes for establishing massif space is：In the long-term fencing of steep slope region；It is planted compared with steep slope region
The economic species of honeysuckle, pigeonpea, bamboo；Make medicinal material between bealock and the foot of a mountain gentle slope area plant high-quality fruit forest zones simultaneously；In depression
Plant of grain crops is developed in bottom；In deep crisp Lee of massif lower part plantation ice of soil layer and honeysuckle；On in soil layer is deep
Portion's gradient uses " deciduous species+evergreen species+honeysuckle " pattern；Implement to close hillsides to facilitate afforestation on mountain top, protects natural vegetation.
6. a kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region woods grass-shrub vegetation implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
It is rapid 5 it is described carry out woods grass-shrub vegetation planting methods be：Using cave-shaped site preparation, applies farm manure and make base manure, fertilizer amount of often spreading manuer in holes 3-
5kg；Using 1 year raw exposed root and shoot forestation, 60-100 plants per acre；Accomplish that the positive root of seedling relaxes when plant, layering adds soil, steady and sure, kind plant hole
Upper stone, dry branches and fallen leaves or covered rearing with plastic film；To use every year loosen the soil, foster, earthing up, top dressing and pruning.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN109673353A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-04-26 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | A kind of stony desertification ecological restoring method of imitative Natural plant community building |
| CN110999709A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-14 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Method for recovering vegetation in improved stony desertification soil |
| CN112673870A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-04-20 | 嘉应学院 | Method for interplanting honeysuckle and polygonum multiflorum in hillside orchard |
| CN113079958A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-09 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Karst region rock soil contact surface soil leakage resistance control method |
| CN113841566A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-28 | 贵州师范大学 | Pasture planting method suitable for high productivity in karst habitat |
| CN114246097A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-03-29 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Karst environment shortage medicinal material-characteristic landscape-ecological restoration three-dimensional mode construction method |
| CN115486311A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-20 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Plant community configuration method for ecological restoration of alpine lozenite and application |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109673353A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-04-26 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | A kind of stony desertification ecological restoring method of imitative Natural plant community building |
| CN110999709A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-14 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Method for recovering vegetation in improved stony desertification soil |
| CN112673870A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-04-20 | 嘉应学院 | Method for interplanting honeysuckle and polygonum multiflorum in hillside orchard |
| CN113079958A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-09 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Karst region rock soil contact surface soil leakage resistance control method |
| CN113841566A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-28 | 贵州师范大学 | Pasture planting method suitable for high productivity in karst habitat |
| CN114246097A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-03-29 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Karst environment shortage medicinal material-characteristic landscape-ecological restoration three-dimensional mode construction method |
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