CN108695064B - 氧氮化物薄膜及电容元件 - Google Patents

氧氮化物薄膜及电容元件 Download PDF

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CN108695064B
CN108695064B CN201810294183.0A CN201810294183A CN108695064B CN 108695064 B CN108695064 B CN 108695064B CN 201810294183 A CN201810294183 A CN 201810294183A CN 108695064 B CN108695064 B CN 108695064B
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thin film
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crystallites
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CN108695064A (zh
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芝原豪
永峰佑起
田中美知
山﨑久美子
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TDK Corp
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Abstract

本发明提供一种介电特性优异的电介质薄膜及电容元件。所述电介质薄膜其特征在于,该电介质薄膜具有由以组成式AaBbOoNn(a+b+o+n=5)表示的氧氮化物构成的主组成,所述A为Sr、Ba、Ca、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Na的任意一种以上,所述B为Ta、Nb、Ti、W的任意一种以上,构成所述电介质薄膜的晶粒为未向某特定的晶面方向取向的多晶,所述电介质薄膜所包含的晶粒的微晶的尺寸为100nm以下。

Description

氧氮化物薄膜及电容元件
技术领域
本发明涉及具有由氧氮化物构成的主组成的电介质薄膜及包含其的电容元件。
背景技术
近年来,随着数码设备的小型化、高性能化,寻求使用了高性能的电介质薄膜的电容元件。
一直以来,作为电介质薄膜,广泛使用着使用了金属氧化物材料的薄膜。但是,由金属氧化物材料带来的电介质薄膜的特性提高遇到了极限,正在寻求具有更高特性的新的材料。作为新的材料的候补之一,可以举出将钙钛矿晶体结构的氧八面体中的氧原子的一部分置换成氮原子的金属氧氮化物材料。但是,难以得到具有金属氧氮化物材料的电介质薄膜。
例如,专利文献1及专利文献2中记载有一种制作钙钛矿型氧氮化物ABO2N的粉末的方法。但是,在专利文献1及专利文献2中,关于得到使用了钙钛矿型氧氮化物ABO2N的薄膜没有任何公开。
另外,非专利文献1及非专利文献2中记载有制作由钙钛矿型氧氮化物ABO2N构成的薄膜的内容。但是,非专利文献1及非专利文献2中得到的薄膜为外延膜。
外延膜存在在其制造时花费大量时间的缺点。非专利文献1中记载有制造厚度20nm以下的外延膜时花费530小时以下的较长的时间的内容。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开昭61-122108号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2013-001625号公报
非专利文献
非专利文献1:Scientific Reports 4.DOI:10.1038/srep04987
非专利文献2:KAST平成25年度研究概要32-33页
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明鉴于这样的实际状况,其目的在于提供一种制造效率高、介电特性优异的具有由氧氮化物构成的主组成的电介质薄膜及包含其的电容元件。
用于解决课题的技术手段
本发明所涉及的电介质薄膜其特征在于,所述电介质薄膜具有由以组成式AaBbOoNn(a+b+o+n=5)表示的氧氮化物构成的主组成,
所述A为Sr、Ba、Ca、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Na的任意一种以上,
所述B为Ta、Nb、Ti、W的任意一种以上,
构成所述电介质薄膜的晶粒为未向某特定的晶面方向取向的多晶,所述电介质薄膜所包含的晶粒的微晶的尺寸为100nm以下。
本发明所涉及的电介质薄膜通过具有上述的特征,能够提高介电特性。
优选对于电介质薄膜,基于通过面外(Out-of-Plane)法进行X射线衍射测定得到的结果算出的微晶的尺寸为基于通过面内(In-Plane)法进行X射线衍射测定得到的结果算出的微晶的尺寸的1.5倍以上。
优选的是,所述A为Sr,所述B为Ta及/或Nb,所述n大于0且小于1。
本发明所涉及的电容元件具有所述电介质薄膜。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个实施方式的薄膜电容器的概略图。
图2是表示本发明的一个实施方式的电介质薄膜的晶粒所包含的微晶的形状的示意图。
图3(a)是表示利用面外法的X射线衍射测定的示意图。
图3(b)是表示利用面内法的X射线衍射测定的示意图。
图4是实施例1的电介质薄膜样品的TEM图像,虚线表示微晶的形状。
符号的说明:
1…薄膜电容器
11…基板
12…下部电极
13…电介质薄膜
14…上部电极
15…中间层
X…晶粒
Y…微晶
R…入射X射线
R’…衍射X射线
具体实施方式
以下,基于实施方式来说明本发明。
图1中表示本实施方式的薄膜电容器(电容元件)的示意图。图1所示的薄膜电容器1在基板11上依次形成下部电极12、电介质薄膜13,并在电介质薄膜13上具备上部电极14。
基板11的材质没有特别限制,但使用Si单晶基板作为基板11时获取容易性及成本性优异。在重视挠性的情况下,也能够使用Ni箔作为基板。
下部电极12及上部电极14的材质没有特别限制,只要作为电极发挥作用即可。例如,可以举出Pt、Ag、Ni等。下部电极12的厚度优选为0.01~10μm。上部电极14的厚度优选为0.01~10μm。
电介质薄膜13具有由以组成式AaBbOoNn(a+b+o+n=5)表示的氧氮化物构成的主组成。
A为选自Sr、Ba、Ca、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Na中的一种以上的元素。优选A为选自Sr、Ba、La、Nd中的一种以上的元素。更优选A为Sr。通过使用上述元素作为A,可以得到较高的电容。B为选自Ta、Nb、Ti、W中的一种以上的元素。优选B为选自Ta、Nb中的一种以上的元素。更优选B为Ta。通过使用上述元素作为B,可以得到异相较少的电介质薄膜13。
另外,组成式AaBbOoNn中,优选a<1。另外,优选a/b>1,更优选a/b≧1.05。另外,优选1>n>0,更优选1>n≧0.3,进一步优选1>n≧0.5。通过将a、b及n设为上述的范围,可以得到良好的介电特性。
构成电介质薄膜13的晶粒X为未向某特定的晶面方向取向的多晶。
如图2所示,上述晶粒X包含多个纵长的微晶Y。微晶Y是在上述晶粒X内由同一晶面构成的结晶的最小单元。因此,微晶Y彼此的连接部其晶格不连续,不可能在其连接部存在异相或晶界,作为组成及结晶性连续,该连续的微晶的集合体为晶粒X。一个晶粒X中,多个微晶Y的晶面朝向同一方向。在晶粒X彼此的连接部存在相当于晶界面的界面,能够利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)进行观察。
本实施方式中,上述晶粒X所包含的微晶Y的尺寸为100nm以下。通过将微晶Y的尺寸设为100nm以下,能够提高介电特性。微晶Y的尺寸基于如图4所示的TEM图像进行测定。
通常已知通过缩小构成电介质薄膜的晶粒所包含的微晶的尺寸,能够较小地抑制介电常数相对于频率的变化率。另一方面,还已知如果缩小微晶的尺寸,则得到的相对介电常数也变小。特别是已知用作高容量的电介质的钛酸钡通过缩小微晶的尺寸,难以得到密排六方晶格中的较高的轴比(c/a比),在微晶的尺寸为100nm以下时,相对介电常数极端地降低。如果即使微晶尺寸为100nm以下,也可以得到较高的相对介电常数,则成为介电常数相对于频率的变化也较小的理想的电介质,但一直以来没有报告这样的电介质。本实施方式中,即使将构成电介质薄膜的晶粒设为未向某特定的晶面方向取向的多晶,且将晶粒所包含的微晶的尺寸设为100nm以下,也较小地抑制相对介电常数相对于频率的变化率,并且能够提高相对介电常数。
另外,对于电介质薄膜13,基于通过面外法进行X射线衍射测定得到的结果算出的微晶的尺寸优选为基于通过面内法进行X射线衍射测定得到的结果算出的微晶的尺寸的1.5倍以上,更优选为1.8倍以上,进一步优选为2.5倍以上。通过将通过面外法得到的微晶的尺寸与通过面内法得到的微晶的尺寸的比率设为上述范围,能够提高介电特性。
此外,在面外法中,如图3(a)所示,从电介质薄膜的表面以5~90°的角度范围照射入射X射线R,根据其衍射X射线R’评价微晶的尺寸。由此,能够测定微晶在电介质薄膜的厚度方向(纵向)的大小。
另外,面内法中,如图3(b)所示,从电介质薄膜的侧面,将入射角固定成全反射临界角度附近(0.2~0.5°)的较小的角度并照射入射X射线R,根据衍射X射线R’评价微晶的尺寸。由此,能够测定微晶的横向的大小。
电介质薄膜13的厚度没有特别限制,但优选为10nm~2μm,更优选为10nm~1μm。
电介质薄膜13的相对介电常数ε没有特别限定,但优选为1800以上,更优选为2500以上,进一步优选为2700以上。通过将相对介电常数ε设为上述范围,可以得到介电特性优异的电介质薄膜。
此外,相对介电常数ε能够通过在电压1Vrms/μm、频率20Hz~10kHz的条件下进行测定。
电介质薄膜13的相对介电常数变化率Δε优选低于±20%,更优选为±10%以内。通过将相对介电常数变化率Δε设为上述范围,可以得到介电特性优异的电介质薄膜。
此外,相对介电常数变化率Δε能够通过以频率20Hz及10kHz测得的相对介电常数的差除以以频率20Hz测得的相对介电常数而算出。
薄膜电容器1的制造方法
接着,说明薄膜电容器1的制造方法。以下,对具有由以组成式AaBbOoNn表示的氧氮化物构成的主组成的电介质薄膜13中,A原子为Sr,且B原子为Ta的情况进行说明,但在使用其它种类的原子的情况下也同样。
最终成为电介质薄膜13的薄膜的成膜方法没有特别限制。例如,可以例示:真空蒸镀法、溅射法、PLD法(脉冲激光蒸镀法)、MO-CVD(有机金属化学气相沉积法)、MOD(有机金属分解法)、溶胶凝胶法、CSD(化学溶液堆积法)等。另外,有时在成膜时使用的原料中含有微少的杂质或副成分,但只要是不大幅损坏薄膜性能的程度的量,就没有特别问题。另外,本实施方式的电介质薄膜13也可以在不大幅损坏性能的程度内含有微少的杂质或副成分。
上述的成膜方法中,在通过PLD法、溅射法及CSD法等的方法成膜时,最终得到的薄膜容易成为多晶膜。CVD法中也能够进行合成,但由于成分元素数较多,因此,PLD法或溅射法的组成控制性更高。在本实施方式中,说明利用PLD法的成膜方法。
首先,作为基板11,准备Si单晶基板。接着,在Si单晶基板上,按照SiO2、TiOx、Pt的顺序进行成膜,形成由Pt构成的下部电极12。形成下部电极12的方法没有特别限制。例如,可以举出溅射法或CVD法等。
接着,在下部电极12上通过PLD法将金属氧化物薄膜成膜。为了使下部电极12的一部分露出,也可以使用金属掩模形成薄膜一部分未成膜的区域。
PLD法中,首先,将含有作为目标的电介质薄膜的构成元素的靶材设置于成膜室内。接着,向靶材的表面上照射脉冲激光。通过脉冲激光较强的能量,使靶材的表面瞬间蒸发。然后,在以与靶材相对的方式配置的基板上沉积蒸发物,将金属氧化物薄膜成膜。
作为靶材,能够使用例如具有组成式A2B2O7的前体。该前体优选为被称为钙钛矿板层的、钙钛矿单元和O过量层交替堆积而成的钙钛矿层状化合物。
靶材的种类没有特别限制,也能够使用将氧氮化物粉进行压缩成型后的颗粒。但是,由于需要充分管理含有的N量,因此,使用A2B2O7的颗粒时控制性良好。另外,靶材中优选各元素平均地分布,但也可以在不影响得到的电介质薄膜的品质的范围内分布存在不均。进一步,靶材未必需要为一个,也能够准备多个含有电介质薄膜的构成元素的一部分的靶材并用于成膜。靶材的形状也没有限制,只要设为适于使用的成膜装置的形状即可。另外,通过调整成膜条件(氧的气压、氮的气压、成膜室的大小及气体导入管的位置等),能够控制最终得到的电介质薄膜的a及b。例如,如果增大靶材的a/b,则能够增大成膜后的膜中的a/b。
例如,在最终得到的电介质薄膜的组成为SraTabOoNn的情况下,作为靶材,准备含有Sr2Ta2O7的烧结体。而且,通过调整成膜条件(例如氧的气压、氮的气压、成膜室的大小及气体导入管的位置等),能够控制最终得到的电介质薄膜的a及b。
成膜条件也非常重要。是由于通过脉冲激光从靶材蒸发的金属元素受到构成成膜室中的气氛的元素的影响,到达基板的成膜面。从超高真空到大气压附近大范围地设置气氛压力为PLD法的特征,但真空度较高时容易得到结晶性高的膜,另一方面,氧等的气氛压力较高时容易得到氧等的缺陷较少的膜。在并用等离子体的情况下,等离子体决定能够维持的压力范围宽度,因此,在该范围内,只要鉴于结晶性及缺陷等决定适当的压力即可。特别是在通过PLD法成膜的情况下,优选总压力为1×10-2Pa以上,更优选总压力为2×10-2Pa以上。优选的条件为真空度相对不高的条件。这是为了得到微晶较小的膜而适当的条件,在该情况下,结晶性被评价为较低。此外,溅射法中,作为成膜室中的气氛,优选并用氩。成膜速率优选为30nm/min以下,更优选为10nm/min以下。
另外,在PLD法时,为了使成膜的金属氧化物薄膜结晶化,优选在成膜时将基板11通过红外线激光进行加热。成膜时的基板11的加热温度根据金属氧化物薄膜及基板11的构成元素及组成等进行变化,但优选为550~850℃,更优选为600~800℃。通过将成膜时的基板的加热温度设为上述范围,难以形成空隙,介电特性提高。另外,通过将基板11的温度设为适当的温度,金属氧氮化物薄膜容易结晶化,并且能够防止在冷却时产生的裂纹的产生。
在成膜中,通过导入氮自由基进行氮化处理,能够得到由钙钛矿型氧氮化物构成的电介质薄膜13。也可以在将金属氧化物膜成膜后,导入氮自由基进行氮化处理,但在成膜中导入氮自由基时能够进一步增加成膜后的薄膜中的氮量。
基板上的电介质薄膜13需要在成膜后进行高速热退火处理(RTA)。为了使频率特性更良好,需要将退火时的气氛设为高于成膜气氛的氧分压及氮分压。
最后,通过在电介质薄膜13上形成上部电极14,能够制造薄膜电容器1。此外,上部电极14的材质没有特别限制,能够使用Ag、Au、Cu等。另外,上部电极14的形成方法也没有特别限制。例如,能够通过溅射法或蒸镀形成。
此外,也可以在电介质薄膜13与下部电极12之间、及电介质薄膜13与上部电极14之间具有中间层15。中间层15可以由绝缘材料构成,也可以由导电材料构成。作为绝缘材料,能够使用含有铝、硅、锶及钽中的至少一种的氧化物或氮化物等的化合物等。作为导电材料,能够使用Cu、Al、Ni、Au及Ni-Cr等。作为中间层15的形成方法,能够采用与上述的电介质薄膜13的形成方法、或下部电极12及上部电极14的形成方法同样的方法。而且,中间层15可以作为绝缘层、应力缓和层、或用于将电极面的凹凸平滑化的层等发挥作用。
中间层15可以处于电介质薄膜13与下部电极12之间、及电介质薄膜13与上部电极14之间两者,也可以处于任一方。在中间层具有多个的情况下,各个中间层也可以具有不同的功能。
中间层15的厚度优选为电介质薄膜13的厚度的20%以下,更优选为10%以下。
本实施方式的电介质薄膜能够用作例如能够电压调谐的电容器、或如去耦薄膜电容器那样的高密度电容器装置的电介质层。
本实施方式的电容元件为利用了本实施方式的电介质薄膜的优异的介电性的元件,包括电容器、热敏电阻、滤波器、双工器、谐振器、发射器、天线、压电元件、晶体管、铁电体存储器等。本实施方式的电介质薄膜适用于特别是要求介电特性高的电容元件。
作为本实施方式的电容元件,作为例如电容器的制造方法,可以举出在基板上形成具有适当的电极的高调谐装置结构的方法。作为该高调谐装置结构,没有特别限定,例如也可以使用与SAW双工器、利用RF-MEMS的开关、压电驱动型的MEMS气隙可变电抗器、固定(低调谐性)高密度薄膜电容器、TFBAR电路、电阻器、电感器、以氧化物为基体的TFT及传感器等其它薄膜装置集成化后的装置结构。
以上,说明了本发明的实施方式,但本发明不被限定于这样的实施方式,当然可以在不脱离本发明的要点的范围内以各种不同的方式进行实施。
实施例
以下,基于更详细的实施例来说明本发明,但本发明不限定于这些实施例。
实施例1
首先,作为用作成膜用靶材的Sr2Ta2O7烧结体的原料,准备SrCO3粉末及Ta2O5粉末。以Sr/Ta的摩尔比成为1的方式称量SrCO3粉末及Ta2O5粉末。
接着,对于SrCO3粉末及Ta2O5粉末,利用使用了乙醇溶剂的湿式球磨机混合16小时,得到混合浆料。
接着,将上述混合浆料利用恒温干燥机以80℃干燥12小时,得到混合物。
接着,将上述混合物在乳钵中轻微粉碎,并放入陶瓷制的坩埚中。然后,使用电炉在大气气氛中以1000℃进行2小时热处理,得到煅烧物。
接着,对于上述煅烧物,再次利用使用了乙醇溶剂的湿式球磨机混合16小时,得到煅烧后浆料。
将得到的煅烧后浆料利用恒温干燥机以80℃干燥12小时,得到煅烧后混合物。
对于上述煅烧后混合物,添加作为粘合剂的聚乙烯醇溶液,并进行混合,得到造粒物。聚乙烯醇溶液的添加量相对于粉碎物100重量%设为0.6重量%。
将上述造粒物成型为直径约23mm、高度约9mm的圆柱形状,得到成型物。成型方法设为CIP成型。
对于上述成型物,使用电炉在大气气氛中,以1400℃烧成2小时,得到烧结物。进一步,将上述烧结物的上表面及下表面进行镜面研磨,得到高度5mm的成膜靶材。此外,确认了得到的成膜靶材的相对密度为96~98%。
将如上所述得到的成膜用靶材设置于成膜装置中,以与成膜用靶材相对的方式设置Si基板。作为该Si基板,使用了在表面具有作为下部电极的Pt膜的基板。
实施例1中,通过PLD法以厚度成为1000nm的方式成膜。此时,向成膜室导入氮自由基,形成电介质氧化膜。成膜时的气氛的氮分压设为1×10-3Pa。成膜温度设为700℃。成膜后,停止氮自由基的导入,同时导入氮及氧,以700℃进行30分钟退火。然后,冷却至200℃,将气氛设为真空,得到电介质薄膜样品。对于得到的电介质薄膜样品,如下进行评价。
多晶膜及其取向性的评价
对于得到的样品,进行XRD测定,根据其XRD图案确认是否为向特定的面取向的取向膜和是否具有多晶性。在具有多晶性且不是相对于特定的面取向的取向膜的情况下,评价为“良”,在不具有多晶性的情况及为取向膜的情况下,评价为“不良”。另外,得到的薄膜样品所包含的氧氮化物的组成使用ULVAC-PHI,Inc.制造的PHI Quantera IITM并通过光电子分光分析进行定量。一边进行Ar蚀刻,一边定量薄膜的深度方向的组成。
利用TEM的微晶的尺寸测定
对于得到的样品,使用透射电子显微镜(TEM)得到TEM图像。将得到的TEM图像在图4中表示。基于图4所示的TEM图像,测定微晶的尺寸。另外,使用TEM确认柱状的颗粒的有无。将结果在表1中表示。
利用XRD的微晶的尺寸测定
对于得到的样品,通过面外法及面内法进行X射线衍射测定,测定微晶的尺寸。
相对介电常数ε的测定
相对介电常数(ε)在电压1Vrms/μm、频率20Hz~10kHz下进行评价,算出其变化率。用于评价相对介电常数的上部电极通过以直径100μm的尺寸蒸镀Ag而形成。将结果在表1中表示。
相对介电常数变化率Δε的测定
对于形成有上述Ag电极的样品,测定相对介电常数变化率Δε。相对介电常数变化率Δε通过以频率20Hz及10kHz测得的相对介电常数的差除以以频率20Hz测得的相对介电常数而算出。
实施例2~4
除了控制成膜时的气氛,将利用XRD得到的微晶的尺寸调整成表1所示以外,与实施例1同样地进行,得到电介质薄膜样品。与实施例1同样地评价。
实施例5
除了以下所示以外,与实施例3同样地进行,得到电介质薄膜样品。即,实施例5中,作为用作成膜用靶材的(La0.1Sr0.9)2(Ta0.9Ti0.1)2O7烧结体的原料,准备La2O3粉末、SrCO3粉末、Ta2O5粉末及TiO2粉末。以(La0.1Sr0.9)/(Ta0.9Ti0.1)的摩尔比成为1的方式称量La2O3粉末、SrCO3粉末、Ta2O5粉末及TiO2粉末。
实施例6
除了以下所示以外,与实施例3同样地进行,得到电介质薄膜样品。即,实施例6中,作为用作成膜用靶材的(Ba0.2Sr0.8)2Ta2O7烧结体的原料,准备BaCO3粉末、SrCO3粉末及Ta2O5粉末。以(Ba0.2Sr0.8)/(Ta)的摩尔比成为1的方式称量BaCO3粉末、SrCO3粉末及Ta2O5粉末。已知Sr2Ta2O7的组合物作为具有钙钛矿板层结构的烧结体存在,与之相对,不存在Ba2Ta2O7。但是,通过以(Ba0.2Sr0.8)/(Ta)的摩尔比成为1的方式称取及配合BaCO3粉末、SrCO3粉末及Ta2O5粉末,能够得到(Ba0.2Sr0.8)2Ta2O7组成的烧结体。得到的烧结体与Sr2Ta2O7相同,具有X射线衍射图案,其峰位置向低角度侧进行了移动。
比较例1
比较例1根据非专利文献1进行算出。非专利文献1中,通过使用了氮等离子体辅助脉冲激光沉积法的外延生长,形成SrTaO2N的薄膜结晶样品。具体而言,作为结晶生长用的基板,使用晶格常数比SrTaO2N小的铌添加钛酸锶(Nb:SrTiO3)单晶,使照射紫外激光而气化的钽酸锶(Sr2Ta2O7)和由等离子体活化的氮在基板上进行反应。与实施例1同样地评价。将结果在表1中表示。
实施例7~12
实施例7~12中,除了改变成膜时的气氛的氮分压进行成膜以外,与实施例1同样地进行,得到电介质薄膜样品。与实施例1同样地评价。将结果在表1中表示。
Figure BDA0001618317590000131
根据表1,实施例1~12中,得到由作为未向特定的晶面方向取向的多晶的晶粒构成的电介质薄膜样品,并且具有优异的介电特性。另一方面,在比较例1的电介质薄膜样品中,确认了晶粒所包含的微晶的尺寸超过100nm,相对介电常数相对于频率的变化率差。

Claims (3)

1.一种电容元件,其特征在于,
所述电容元件具有电介质薄膜,所述电介质薄膜具有由以组成式AaBbOoNn表示的氧氮化物构成的主组成,其中,a+b+o+n=5,
所述A包含Sr,
所述B包含Ta,
构成所述电介质薄膜的晶粒为未向某特定的晶面方向取向的多晶,所述电介质薄膜所包含的晶粒的微晶的尺寸为100nm以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电容元件,其中,
对于所述电介质薄膜,基于通过面外法进行X射线衍射测定得到的结果算出的微晶的尺寸为基于通过面内法进行X射线衍射测定得到的结果算出的微晶的尺寸的1.5倍以上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电容元件,其中,
所述A为Sr,所述B为Ta及/或Nb,所述n大于0且小于1。
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