CN108669348A - 一种桑杆微生物饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种桑杆微生物饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108669348A CN108669348A CN201810443480.7A CN201810443480A CN108669348A CN 108669348 A CN108669348 A CN 108669348A CN 201810443480 A CN201810443480 A CN 201810443480A CN 108669348 A CN108669348 A CN 108669348A
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- microbiological feed
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种桑杆饲料的技术领域，具体公开了一种桑杆微生物饲料及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述桑杆微生物饲料包括以下重量份数的原料制成：桑杆30～80份、桑叶20～30份、废蚕蛹20～60份、木薯渣干15～50份、花生根粉25～60份、水葫芦20～50份、黄豆秸秆粉25～80份、豆渣20～40份、中草药渣20～40份、维生素C 0.1～1份、菌剂0.1～1份和微量元素0.1～1份。本发明具有营业全面、各组分原料能被充分利用，能提高免疫力、促进健康生长等特点，适合喂养家畜家禽。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种微生物饲料的技术领域，具体涉及一种桑杆微生物饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国是种桑养蚕大国，发展至现在已有许多品种的桑树，桑树为蚕提供了主要的食物来源。
桑树在经夏伐或秋伐，桑叶用于喂养桑蚕，桑叶在饲养桑蚕时，也会存在过剩，如果直接丢弃，对环境不利；同时，摘叶后而遗留的桑杆，这部分桑杆要么被遗弃于田地上，或是用于当柴火，这造成桑叶和桑杆的价值均没能得到充分利用。
经研究分析，桑枝和桑叶的成分如下：
桑枝的主要化学成分：桑枝含鞣质，游离的蔗糖、果糖、水苏糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、棉子糖、***糖、木糖"，茎含黄酮成分桑素（Mulberrin）、桑色烯（Mulberrochromene）、环桑索（Cy- clomulberrin）、环桑色烯（Cyclomulberrochromene）。木树含桑色素（Morin）、杨树宁(Cudranin）、桑酮（Ma-clurin）、四羟基芪 (Tetrahydroxystilbene）、 二氢桑色素(Dibydromorin）、二氢山柰酚（Dihydrokaempfe－rol）。含桑辛素C、D（moracinC,D）心材含桑木素（morin）、二氢桑木素（dihydro-morin）、二氢山柰素（dihydrokaempferol）、 2,4,4′，6-四羟基二苯甲酮（2,4,4′，6-tetrahydrox-ybenzophenone）及2,3′，4,4′，6- 五羟基二苯甲酮（maclurin,2,3′，4,4′，6-pentrahydrox-ybenzophenone）。还含芪三酚（藜芦酚，resera-trol）、氧化芪三酚（oxyresveratrol）、二氢氧化芪三酚（dihydrooxyresveratrol）。又谓茎和茎皮含桑木素、桑辛素A、B、E、F、G、H、（moracinA,B,E,F,G,H）、桑皮素（mulberrin）、桑皮色烯素（mulberrochromene），环桑皮素（cyclomulberrin）、环桑皮色烯素（cyclomulberrochromene）及桦皮酸。
桑叶的主要化学成分：叶含芸香甙、槲皮素、异槲皮甙、槲皮素-3-三葡糖甙、微量的β-谷甾醇，和菜油甾醇、β-谷甾醇、β-D-葡糖甙、蛇麻脂醇、内消旋肌醇、昆虫***激素牛膝甾酮和蜕皮甾酮、溶血素、绿原酸。挥发油成分中有乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸、己酸、异己酸、水杨酸甲酯、愈创木酚、酚、邻苯甲酚、间苯甲酚、丁香油酚等，又含草酸、延胡索酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、棕榈酸、棕榈酸乙酯、三十一烷、羟基香豆精、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、天门冬氨基酸和谷氨酸等氨基酸。并含维生素C-200-300毫克%，谷胱甘肽140-400毫克%，叶酸105微克%，5-甲酰四氢叶酸22微克%，维生素B1-460微克%，维生素B2-300-800微克%，腺嘌呤、胆碱、胡芦巴碱，以及铜10ppm.、锌16ppm.、硼35ppm.、锰270ppm。
经检索到有关桑杆微生物饲料的专利文献，现列举一些如下：
1、中国专利<申请号> 201410533635.8<发明名称>一种母牛饲料及其生产方法<申请人>广西广联饲料有限公司<地址>530313广西壮族自治区南宁市横县六景工业园区<摘要>公开了一种母牛饲料及其生产方法，由以下重量份的原料组成：葛根藤10-20份；蔗髓20-35份；玉米杆10-15份；桑杆10-15份；木瓜叶15-20份；糖蜜3-8份和微量元素0.5-1份，其生产方法为将各组分烘干、粉碎至60-80目后将蔗髓、玉米杆、桑杆和木瓜叶加入3-5%乳酸杆菌发酵，最后将各组分粉碎或分别造粒，混合均匀即得。
2、中国专利 <申请号> 201610753670.X<发明名称>一种鹅饲料<申请人>孙玉彬<地址>266000山东省青岛市莱西市日庄镇西郭格庄村176号<摘要>公开了一种鹅饲料，按照重量份数计算，包括如下原料：复合菌1-3份、鱼骨粉10-20份、桑杆粉20-40份、艾蒿8-10份、胡萝卜10-20份、松针粉20-30份、大麦粉30-40份、车前子3-5份、薄荷5-7份、黄柏2-4份、剑麻废渣30-40份、食盐1-3份。
3、中国专利 <申请号> 201410138960.4<发明名称>一种肉羊饲料及其生产方法<申请人>象州县科学技术局<地址>545800广西壮族自治区来宾市象州县象州镇银象路38号<摘要> 一种肉羊饲料及其生产方法，其特征包括以下重量份数的原料：蔗髓30-50，桑杆10-20，葛根藤10-20，杨树叶3-5，花生麸5-8，玉米粉10-15，鱼粉1-2，骨粉1-2，食盐0.5-0.7，贝壳粉1-2。其生产方法：按重量份数配比取蔗髓、葛根藤、桑叶、杨树叶原料晾干混合打碎，用80目筛过筛，得原料a;按重量份数配比取花生麸、玉米粉、鱼粉、食盐、贝壳粉、骨粉混合粉碎，用100目筛过筛，得原料b；将上述原料a和b合并，用饲料制粒机搅拌制成0. 4-1.OCM颗粒。
从检索到的文献我们可以了解到，虽然有一些文献涉及了利用桑杆或桑叶作为饲料的原料之一，但是，添加的辅料不相同，所取得的功能是不相同的，故，还需对现有技术进行不断改进。
发明内容
本发明之目的在于克服现有技术中的不足，而提供一种回收利用桑杆和桑叶，再添加辅料，制成营养全面、有利于消化吸收的桑杆微生物饲料及其制备方法。
为了实现上述发明的目的，所采取的技术方案为：
一种桑杆微生物饲料，所述桑杆微生物饲料包括以下重量份数的原料制成：
桑杆30～80份 桑叶20～30份 废蚕蛹20～60份
木薯渣干15～50份 花生根粉25～60份 水葫芦20～50份
黄豆秸秆粉25～80份 豆渣20～40份 中草药渣20～40份
维生素C 0.1～1份 菌剂 0.1～1份 微量元素0.1～1份。
优选地，所述中草药渣由以下重量份数的原料制成：山楂10～30份、麦芽10～30份、木瓜8～20份、麦冬10～20份、黄芪10～26份、杜仲8～16份、花生藤粉8～12份、马齿览8～16份和鱼腥草8～18份。
优选地，所述中草药渣为中草药原料经加工方法提取后所剩的残渣，再利用粉碎机将中草药渣粉碎至80～120目，装入真空药袋内密封保存，即得粉状的中草药渣；如果采用水提法，则脂溶性物质残留在药渣里；如果采用有机溶剂提取，则水溶性成分残留下来，而且提取率较低，受提取工艺的限制，经过提取后的中草药渣除含有大量的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、纤维素、木质素、矿物质、氨基酸外， 还含有生物碱、多糖、萜类、皂苷类等生物活性物质及一些未知的促生长物质。中草药中含多种营养成分和生物活性物质，如动物体所需的蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪和碳水化合物等营养物质，以及维生素或维生素样物质。中草药饲料添加剂能够有效兴奋胃肠道和促进消化腺酶的分泌，从而提高动物体对营养物质的吸收利用效率。如山楂含脂肪酶，可作为犬猫等食肉动物的饲料添加剂；麦芽能促进胃肠蠕动，有助于消化、排便和护肝；木瓜对补偿胰、肠道的分泌、补充胃液的不足和增强免疫力作用，同时消除有毒物质；麦冬消除自由基、抗疲劳，具有提高细胞免疫功能及降低血糖作用；黄芪增强体液、细胞和红细胞免疫，促进造血功能，改善红细胞变形能力；杜仲具有补益肝肾、强筋壮骨作用，消除体内垃圾以及提高细胞物质代谢；花生藤补充粗蛋白；马齿苋能清热利湿、解毒消肿，降低血液胆固醇浓度，改善血管壁弹性；鱼腥草能抗病毒、利尿和提高机体免疫力，抑制浆液分泌和促进组织再生。
优选地，所述菌剂包括粗纤维降解菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、丙酸杆菌和布氏乳杆菌，所述地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、丙酸杆菌和布氏乳杆菌的重量比为1.5～2:1:1:1:1～1.5:1。
优选地，所述添加微量元素包括铁、铜、锌、钴、锰、铬、硒、碘、砷、硼、钒和镍，所述铁、铜、锌、钴、锰、硒、碘的重量比为1:1:1:1:1:1:1，所述的微量元素为可溶性盐，如。
优选地，所述木薯渣干制备方法为将木薯渣放入锅内，煮开，煮至1～2小时，沥水，再晒干或烘干，即得木薯渣干。
优选地，所述废蚕蛹为经蚕茧缫丝后所得蚕蛹，将蚕蛹去除碱液，晒干或烘干，即得废蚕蛹。
优选地，所述桑杆微生物饲料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）将采摘所得新鲜桑树，进行枝叶分离，即得桑杆和桑叶，净材，切段，备用；
（2）将水葫芦去根部，与上述步骤（1）所得桑杆和桑叶混合，再放入粉碎机内粉碎，即得粉碎混合物，将粉碎混合物、木薯渣干和菌剂混合均匀，发酵5～8天，得发酵物，备用；
（3）将花生根，净材，晒干，切段，放入粉碎机内粉碎，粉碎至80～120目，装入真空袋内密封保存，即得花生根粉，备用；
（4）将黄豆秸秆，净材，晒干，切段，放入粉碎机内粉碎，粉碎至80～120目，装入真空袋内密封保存，即得黄豆秸秆将粉，备用；
（5）将步骤（2）所得发酵物、步骤（3）所制得花生根粉、步骤（4）所制得黄豆秸秆粉、豆渣和中草药渣混合均匀，放入70～90℃的陶瓷炒锅内翻炒6～12分钟，取出加入维生素C和微量元素，再按物料总重量添加8%～12%的废糖蜜，混合均匀，利用造粒机制成颗粒，即得桑杆微生物饲料。
所述桑杆微生物饲料用于防治鸡白痢、细菌性肠炎和消化不良的鸡饲料。
所述桑杆微生物饲料应用于防治牛羊猪的***和布氏杆菌病的饲料。
山楂，拉丁学名：Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge，别名有山里果、山里红、酸里红等，是中国特有的药果兼用树种，具有降血脂、血压、强心、抗心律不齐等作用，同时也是健脾开胃、消食化滞、活血化痰的良药，对胸膈脾满、疝气、血淤、闭经等症有很好的疗效。山楂内的黄酮类化合物牡荆素，是一种抗癌作用较强的药物，其提取物对抑制体内癌细胞生长、增殖和浸润转移均有一定的作用。
麦芽，拉丁学名：FRUCTUS HORDEI GERMINATUS，别名 大麦蘗，麦蘗，大麦毛，大麦芽。麦芽是一种一年生或越年生草本，其果实利于消食；含生物碱类等；有助消化、降血糖、降血脂、护肝、抗真菌、缓解气管痉挛等作用。
木瓜，拉丁学名：Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin)Koehne，别名有榠楂、木李、海棠、光皮木瓜，木瓜所含的蛋白分解酵素，可以补偿胰和肠道的分泌，补充胃液的不足，有助于分解蛋白质和淀粉。木瓜含有胡萝卜素和丰富的维生素C，它们有很强的抗氧化能力，帮助机体修复组织，消除有毒物质，增强人体免疫力，帮助机体抵抗包括甲流在内的病毒侵袭。木瓜果实中的有效成分能提高吞噬细胞的功效。
麦冬，拉丁学名：Ophiopogon japonicus (Linn. f.) Ker-Gawl.，百合科沿阶草属多年生常绿草本植物，麦冬主要含沿阶草苷、甾体皂苷、生物碱、谷甾醇、葡萄糖、氨基酸、维生素等，具有抗疲劳、清除自由基、提高细胞免疫功能以及降血糖的作用。另外，麦冬有镇静、催眠、抗心肌缺血、抗心律失常、抗肿瘤等作用；还有促进胰岛细胞功能恢复、增加肝糖原、降低血糖的作用。
黄芪，拉丁学名：Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge.，又名绵芪。多年生草本，其有增强机体免疫功能、保肝、利尿、抗衰老、抗应激、降压和较广泛的抗菌作用；黄芪在人及动物身上均能利尿，效力与剂量有关；对肾病综合征，能增快尿蛋白的消退；黄芪对非特异性免疫功能、体液免疫、细胞免疫和红细胞免疫一般都有增强功能，还可促进造血功能，改善红细胞等变形能力，防治心脑梗死，抗病毒，抗肿瘤；黄芪能增强抗自由基损伤和抗脂质过氧化的作用；黄芪对动物能降低血压，扩张血管。降压有效成分可能为γ-氨基丁酸；黄芪甲苷能增强机体免疫力、提高机体的抗病能力。
杜仲，拉丁学名：Eucommia ulmoides，又名胶木，为杜仲科植物，杜仲游离氨基酸极少，含有的少量蛋白质，是和绝大多数食品类似的完全蛋白，即能够水解检出对人体必需的8种氨基酸。测定了杜仲所含的15种矿物元素，其中有锌、铜、铁等微量元素，及钙、磷、钾、镁等宏量元素。其味甘，性温。有补益肝肾、强筋壮骨、调理冲任、固经安胎的功效。 可治疗肾阳虚引起的腰腿痛或酸软无力，肝气虚引起的胞胎不固，阴囊湿痒等症。具有清除体内垃圾，加强人体细胞物质代谢，防止肌肉骨骼老化，平衡人体血压，分解体内胆固醇，降低体内脂肪，恢复血管弹性，利尿清热，广谱抗菌，兴奋中枢神经，提高白血球药理作用。
花生藤，含有15.5%粗蛋白质.2.7%粗脂肪.45.8%碳水化合物.其中豆秸叶中的粗蛋白含量高达24%。就可消化蛋白质而言，1公斤干豆秸秧中含可消化蛋白质82克左右， 含有19克钙.9克磷。豆秸秧中的粗蛋白含量是豌豆秧的17.5倍，稻草的8倍，畜禽采食1公斤的豆秸秧产生的能量相当于0.7公斤大麦所产生的能量。豆秸秧不仅营养丰富，而且质地松软，畜禽均可食用。
马齿苋，拉丁学名：Portulaca oleracea L.，别名有马苋，五行草，长命菜等，全草供药用，有清热利湿、解毒消肿、消炎、止渴、利尿作用；种子明目；还可作兽药和农药；嫩茎叶可作蔬菜，味酸，也是很好的饲料；马齿苋含有丰富的二羟乙胺、苹果酸、葡萄糖、钙、磷、铁以及维生素E、胡萝卜素、维生素B、维生素C等营养物质。马齿苋在营养上有一个突出的特点，它的ω—3脂肪酸含量高于人和植物；ω-3脂肪酸能抑制人体对胆固酸的吸收，降低血液胆固醇浓度，改善血管壁弹性，对防治心血管疾病很有利；而ω-3脂肪酸主要包括α-亚麻酸、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），能促进甘油三酯的降低有益心脏健康，对人体多种疾病有治疗效果，有助于其他一些状况：类风湿关节炎、抑郁和其他等。ω-3脂肪酸的研究始于爱斯基摩人很少得心血管类疾病，ω-3类脂肪酸(EPA/DHA)还能减少血液脂质并增强细胞功能。具有清热解毒利湿，凉血的功效。对大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及某些致病真菌均有抑制作用。还有利尿、加强肠蠕动的作用。内服用于治疗肠炎、血痢病；与其他药物配伍可防治鸡白痢、细菌性肠炎、消化不良及球虫等。
鱼腥草，英文名：为三白草科植物蕺菜（拉丁学名：Houttuynia cordata Thunb.）的干燥地上部分，含挥发油约0,005%，其中主要抗菌物质为癸酷乙醛。鱼腥草味辛，性寒凉，归肺经。能清热解毒、消肿疗疮、利尿除湿、清热止痢、健胃消食，用治实热、热毒、湿邪、疾热为患的肺痈、疮疡肿毒、痔疮便血、脾胃积热等。现代药理实验表明，本品具有抗菌、抗病毒、提高机体免疫力、利尿等作用；鱼腥草尚有镇痛、镇咳、止血、抑制浆液分泌，促进组织再生，伤愈合促进红皮病、银屑病的好转等作用，蕺菜碱有刺激皮肤发泡的作用。皮下注射鱼腥草水溶物还具有轻度的镇静、抗惊作用。
本发明与已有技术相比，具有突出的实质性特点和显著的进步是：
1、本发明以桑杆、桑叶、废蚕蛹、木薯渣干、花生根粉、水葫芦、黄豆秸秆粉、豆渣、中草药渣、维生素C 、菌剂和微量元素为原料制成的桑杆微生物饲料，原料中均无化学产品，也无添加剂，保证饲料安全使用；本发明所制得饲料具有营养价值高、含有丰富蛋白质以及家禽家畜所需的维生素和微量元素；还能促进消化吸收，消除内热，防治禽畜躁动，提高抵抗力，促进禽畜健康成长，并能提高禽畜的产肉量；而且能适合于禽畜任一年龄段食用。
2、本发明将桑树在夏伐和秋伐所产生的大量大量桑杆和过剩桑叶进行回收利用，实现资源合理化利用，将桑杆和剩余的桑叶进行加工利用，制成禽畜所需的饲料。
3、本发明的桑杆微生物饲料用于防治鸡白痢、细菌性肠炎和消化不良的鸡饲料。
4、本发明的桑杆微生物饲料应用于防治牛羊猪的***和布氏杆菌病的饲料。
5、本发明的桑杆微生物饲料用于饲喂鸡、牛、羊和猪，所得到的鸡肉、牛肉、羊肉和猪肉其肉质鲜美，爽口嫩滑，无腥臭味；能有效降低羊的臊味。
具体实施方式
在此记载的实施例为本发明的特定的具体实施方式，用于说明本发明的构思，均是解释性和示例性的，不应解释为对本发明实施方式及本发明范围的限制。除在此记载的实施例外，本领域技术人员还能够基于本申请权利要求书和说明书所公开的内容采用显而易见的其它技术方案，这些技术方案包括采用对在此记载的实施例的做出任何显而易见的替换和修改的技术方案。本发明要求保护的技术方案的范围由本申请的权利要求书限定。
实施例1：
一种桑杆微生物饲料，所述桑杆微生物饲料包括以下重量份数的原料制成：桑杆30份、桑叶20份、废蚕蛹20份、木薯渣干15份、花生根粉25份、水葫芦20份、黄豆秸秆粉25份、豆渣20份、中草药渣20份、维生素C 0.1份、菌剂 0.1份、微量元素0.1份。
所述中草药渣由以下重量份数的原料制成：山楂10份、麦芽10份、木瓜8份、麦冬10份、黄芪10份、杜仲8份、花生藤粉8份、马齿览8份和鱼腥草8份。
所述中草药渣为中草药原料经加工方法提取后所剩的残渣，再利用粉碎机将中草药渣粉碎至80～120目，装入真空药袋内密封保存，即得粉状中草药渣。
所述菌剂包括粗纤维降解菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、丙酸杆菌和布氏乳杆菌，所述地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、丙酸杆菌和布氏乳杆菌的重量比为1.5～2:1:1:1:1～1.5:1。
所述添加微量元素包括铁、铜、锌、钴、锰、铬、硒、碘、砷、硼、钒和镍，所述铁、铜、锌、钴、锰、硒、碘的重量比为1:1:1:1:1:1:1。
所述木薯渣干制备方法为将木薯渣放入锅内，煮开，煮至1～2小时，沥水，再晒干或烘干，即得木薯渣干。
所述废蚕蛹为经蚕茧缫丝后所得蚕蛹，将蚕蛹去除碱液，晒干或烘干，即得废蚕蛹。
所述桑杆微生物饲料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）将采摘所得新鲜桑树，进行枝叶分离，即得桑杆和桑叶，净材，切段，备用；
（2）将水葫芦去根部，与上述步骤（1）所得桑杆和桑叶混合，再放入粉碎机内粉碎，即得粉碎混合物，将粉碎混合物、木薯渣干和菌剂混合均匀，发酵5～8天，得发酵物，备用；
（3）将花生根，净材，晒干，切段，放入粉碎机内粉碎，粉碎至80～120目，装入真空袋内密封保存，即得花生根粉，备用；
（4）将黄豆秸秆，净材，晒干，切段，放入粉碎机内粉碎，粉碎至80～120目，装入真空袋内密封保存，即得黄豆秸秆将粉，备用；
（5）将步骤（2）所得发酵物、步骤（3）所制得花生根粉、步骤（4）所制得黄豆秸秆粉、豆渣和中草药渣混合均匀，放入70～90℃的陶瓷炒锅内翻炒6～12分钟，取出加入维生素C和微量元素，再按物料总重量添加8%～12%的废糖蜜，混合均匀，利用造粒机制成颗粒，即得桑杆微生物饲料。
实施例2：
一种桑杆微生物饲料，所述桑杆微生物饲料包括以下重量份数的原料制成：桑杆80份桑叶30份、废蚕蛹60份、木薯渣干50份、花生根粉60份、水葫芦50份、黄豆秸秆粉80份、豆渣40份、中草药渣40份、维生素C 1份、菌剂 1份、微量元素1份。
所述中草药渣由以下重量份数的原料制成：山楂30份、麦芽30份、木瓜20份、麦冬20份、黄芪26份、杜仲16份、花生藤粉12份、马齿览16份和鱼腥草18份。
所述中草药渣为中草药原料经加工方法提取后所剩的残渣，再利用粉碎机将中草药渣粉碎至80～120目，装入真空药袋内密封保存，即得粉状中草药渣。
所述菌剂包括粗纤维降解菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、丙酸杆菌和布氏乳杆菌，所述地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、丙酸杆菌和布氏乳杆菌的重量比为1.5～2:1:1:1:1～1.5:1。
所述添加微量元素包括铁、铜、锌、钴、锰、铬、硒、碘、砷、硼、钒和镍，所述铁、铜、锌、钴、锰、硒、碘的重量比为1:1:1:1:1:1:1。
所述木薯渣干制备方法为将木薯渣放入锅内，煮开，煮至1～2小时，沥水，再晒干或烘干，即得木薯渣干。
所述废蚕蛹为经蚕茧缫丝后所得蚕蛹，将蚕蛹去除碱液，晒干或烘干，即得废蚕蛹。
所述桑杆微生物饲料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）将采摘所得新鲜桑树，进行枝叶分离，即得桑杆和桑叶，净材，切段，备用；
（2）将水葫芦去根部，与上述步骤（1）所得桑杆和桑叶混合，再放入粉碎机内粉碎，即得粉碎混合物，将粉碎混合物、木薯渣干和菌剂混合均匀，发酵5～8天，得发酵物，备用；
（3）将花生根，净材，晒干，切段，放入粉碎机内粉碎，粉碎至80～120目，装入真空袋内密封保存，即得花生根粉，备用；
（4）将黄豆秸秆，净材，晒干，切段，放入粉碎机内粉碎，粉碎至80～120目，装入真空袋内密封保存，即得黄豆秸秆将粉，备用；
（5）将步骤（2）所得发酵物、步骤（3）所制得花生根粉、步骤（4）所制得黄豆秸秆粉、豆渣和中草药渣混合均匀，放入70～90℃的陶瓷炒锅内翻炒6～12分钟，取出加入维生素C和微量元素，再按物料总重量添加8%～12%的废糖蜜，混合均匀，利用造粒机制成颗粒，即得桑杆微生物饲料。
实施例3：
一种桑杆微生物饲料，所述桑杆微生物饲料包括以下重量份数的原料制成：桑杆55份、桑叶25份、废蚕蛹40份、木薯渣干23份、花生根粉43份、水葫芦35份、黄豆秸秆粉43份、豆渣30份、中草药渣30份、维生素C 0.55份、菌剂 0.55份、微量元素0.55份。
所述中草药渣由以下重量份数的原料制成：山楂20份、麦芽20份、木瓜14份、麦冬15份、黄芪18份、杜仲12份、花生藤粉10份、马齿览12份和鱼腥草13份。
所述中草药渣为中草药原料经加工方法提取后所剩的残渣，再利用粉碎机将中草药渣粉碎至80～120目，装入真空药袋内密封保存，即得粉状中草药渣。
所述菌剂包括粗纤维降解菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、丙酸杆菌和布氏乳杆菌，所述地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、丙酸杆菌和布氏乳杆菌的重量比为1.5～2:1:1:1:1～1.5:1。
所述添加微量元素包括铁、铜、锌、钴、锰、铬、硒、碘、砷、硼、钒和镍，所述铁、铜、锌、钴、锰、硒、碘的重量比为1:1:1:1:1:1:1。
所述木薯渣干制备方法为将木薯渣放入锅内，煮开，煮至1～2小时，沥水，再晒干或烘干，即得木薯渣干。
所述废蚕蛹为经蚕茧缫丝后所得蚕蛹，将蚕蛹去除碱液，晒干或烘干，即得废蚕蛹。
所述桑杆微生物饲料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）将采摘所得新鲜桑树，进行枝叶分离，即得桑杆和桑叶，净材，切段，备用；
（2）将水葫芦去根部，与上述步骤（1）所得桑杆和桑叶混合，再放入粉碎机内粉碎，即得粉碎混合物，将粉碎混合物、木薯渣干和菌剂混合均匀，发酵5～8天，得发酵物，备用；
（3）将花生根，净材，晒干，切段，放入粉碎机内粉碎，粉碎至80～120目，装入真空袋内密封保存，即得花生根粉，备用；
（4）将黄豆秸秆，净材，晒干，切段，放入粉碎机内粉碎，粉碎至80～120目，装入真空袋内密封保存，即得黄豆秸秆将粉，备用；
（5）将步骤（2）所得发酵物、步骤（3）所制得花生根粉、步骤（4）所制得黄豆秸秆粉、豆渣和中草药渣混合均匀，放入70～90℃的陶瓷炒锅内翻炒6～12分钟，取出加入维生素C和微量元素，再按物料总重量添加8%～12%的废糖蜜，混合均匀，利用造粒机制成颗粒，即得桑杆微生物饲料。
本发明的桑杆微生物饲料适合饲养家禽家畜中的鸡、牛、羊和猪；用于作为鸡饲料时，需将饲料制成颗粒状；而用于牛、羊和猪饲料时，可将饲料制成颗粒或粉状。
应用试验：
1、临床实验选用个体重量相等、无病害、同年龄段的幼牛（为戒奶后的幼牛）。将幼牛分为4组，即为数量相同的A、B、C、D组，饲养环境完全相同，每组50头牛，A组饲喂市场所购买的饲料；B、C、D组对应饲喂本发明实施例1、实施例2、实施例3的桑树微生物饲料；每次投放饲料量等同，饲养三个月。表1是实验结束时的结果。
表1：本发明一种桑杆微生物饲料的应用情况对比：
通过上述表1，对比可知，喂养本发明桑杆微生物饲料的组每次进食耗时比A组快10min以上，而且喂养的饲料没有残留，而A组还过剩；通过三个月饲养，喂养本发明的桑杆微生物饲料增重幅度为16.4～32.2kg，明显高过于A组；经使用本发明制得的桑杆微生物饲料饲养能有效防治牛虱和牛胃肠道疾病，降低养殖户成本，取得可观的经济效益；同时，饲养过程中，发现，饲养本发明桑杆微生物饲料，神情安详，作息规律，而A组发现幼牛容易躁动，作息时间内在牛棚内走动，由此可得，本发明一种桑杆微生物饲料及其制备方法具有突出的实质性特点和显著进步。
2、临床实验选用个体重量相等、无病害、同年龄段的小鸡（刚孵化的小鸡），将小鸡分为4组，即为数量相同的A、B、C、D组，饲养环境完全相同，每组50只，A组饲喂市场所购买的饲料；B、C、D组对应饲喂本发明实施例1、实施例2、实施例3的桑树微生物饲料；每次投放饲料量等同，饲养三个月。表2是实验结束时的结果。
表2：本发明桑杆微生物饲料喂养小鸡情况对比：
| 组别 | 每次进食耗时 | 每次饲料剩余量率% | 鸡白痢 | 细菌性肠炎 | 消化不良 |
| A组 | 34～51min | 2～4% | 8只 | 6只 | 9只 |
| B组 | 21～32min | 无 | 无 | 2 | 无 |
| C组 | 23～34min | 无 | 无 | 无 | 1 |
| D组 | 25～35min | 无 | 1 | 无 | 无 |
从表2中可得出，本发明的桑杆微生物饲料喂养得到的小鸡，鸡白痢的发病率为2%，而A组鸡白痢的发病率为16%，本发明中细菌性肠炎发病率为4%，而A组的细菌性肠炎发病率为12%；本发明中消化不良发病率为2%，而A组的消化不良发病率为18%；而且，本发明所饲喂时，没有剩余饲料，均被吃完；可见，本发明对于鸡养殖具有很大的经济效益，能对于鸡的鸡白痢、细菌性肠炎和消化不良等症状具有良好的防治作用。
3、临床实验选用个体重量相等、无病害、同年龄段的小牛，将小牛分为4组，即为数量相同的A、B、C、D组，饲养环境完全相同，每组50只，A组饲喂市场所购买的饲料；B、C、D组对应饲喂本发明实施例1、实施例2、实施例3的桑树微生物饲料；每次投放饲料量等同，饲养一年。表2是实验结束时的结果。
表3：本发明桑杆微生物饲料喂养小牛的情况对比：
| 组别 | 每次进食耗时 | 每次饲料剩余量率% | *** | 布氏杆菌病 |
| A组 | 34～51min | 2～4% | 6头 | 8头 |
| B组 | 21～32min | 无 | 无 | 无 |
| C组 | 23～34min | 无 | 无 | 无 |
| D组 | 25～35min | 无 | 无 | 无 |
从表3中可得出，A组中感染***为12%，感染布氏杆菌病为16%；而使用本发明桑杆微生物饲料喂养的小牛并没有感染***和布氏杆菌病，这说明本发明桑杆微生物饲料能对***和布氏杆菌病进行有效防治；本发明的桑杆微生物饲料被牛完全吃完，能有效降低养殖的成本投入，创造经济效益。
Claims (10)
1.一种桑杆微生物饲料，其特征在于，所述桑杆微生物饲料包括以下重量份数的原料制成：
桑杆30～80份 桑叶20～30份 废蚕蛹20～60份
木薯渣干15～50份 花生根粉25～60份 水葫芦20～50份
黄豆秸秆粉25～80份 豆渣20～40份 中草药渣20～40份
维生素C 0.1～1份 菌剂 0.1～1份 微量元素0.1～1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的桑杆微生物饲料，其特征在于，所述中草药渣由以下重量份数的原料制成：山楂10～30份、麦芽10～30份、木瓜8～20份、麦冬10～20份、黄芪10～26份、杜仲8～16份、花生藤粉8～12份、马齿览8～16份和鱼腥草8～18份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的桑杆微生物饲料，其特征在于，所述中草药渣为中草药原料经加工方法提取后所剩的残渣，再利用粉碎机将中草药渣粉碎至80～120目，装入真空药袋内密封保存，即得粉状的中草药渣。
4.根据权利要求1所述的桑杆微生物饲料，其特征在于，所述菌剂包括粗纤维降解菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、丙酸杆菌和布氏乳杆菌，所述地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、丙酸杆菌和布氏乳杆菌的重量比为1.5～2:1:1:1:1～1.5:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的桑杆微生物饲料，其特征在于，所述添加微量元素包括铁、铜、锌、钴、锰、硒和碘，所述铁、铜、锌、钴、锰、硒、碘的重量比为1:1:1:1:1:1:1，所述的微量元素为可溶性盐。
6.根据权利要求1所述的桑杆微生物饲料，其特征在于，所述木薯渣干制备方法为将木薯渣放入锅内，煮开，煮至1～2小时，沥水，再晒干或烘干，即得木薯渣干。
7.根据权利要求1所述的桑杆微生物饲料，其特征在于，所述废蚕蛹为经蚕茧缫丝后所得蚕蛹，将蚕蛹去除碱液，晒干或烘干，即得废蚕蛹。
8.根据权利要求1所述的桑杆微生物饲料，其特征在于，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
将采摘所得新鲜桑树，进行枝叶分离，即得桑杆和桑叶，净材，切段，备用；
将水葫芦去根部，与上述步骤（1）所得桑杆和桑叶混合，再放入粉碎机内粉碎，即得粉碎混合物，将粉碎混合物、木薯渣干和菌剂混合均匀，发酵5～8天，得发酵物，备用；
将花生根，净材，晒干，切段，放入粉碎机内粉碎，粉碎至80～120目，装入真空袋内密封保存，即得花生根粉，备用；
将黄豆秸秆，净材，晒干，切段，放入粉碎机内粉碎，粉碎至80～120目，装入真空袋内密封保存，即得黄豆秸秆将粉，备用；
将步骤（2）所得发酵物、步骤（3）所制得花生根粉、步骤（4）所制得黄豆秸秆粉、豆渣和中草药渣混合均匀，放入70～90℃的陶瓷炒锅内翻炒6～12分钟，取出加入维生素C和微量元素，再按物料总重量添加8%～12%的废糖蜜，混合均匀，利用造粒机制成颗粒，即得桑杆微生物饲料。
9.根据权利要求1或8所述的桑杆微生物饲料，其特征在于：所述桑杆微生物饲料用于防治鸡白痢、细菌性肠炎和消化不良的鸡饲料。
10.根据权利要求1或8所述的桑杆微生物饲料，其特征在于：所述桑杆微生物饲料应用于防治牛羊猪的***和布氏杆菌病的饲料。
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