CN108651143B - Cultivation method suitable for northern grape sunburn prevention - Google Patents
Cultivation method suitable for northern grape sunburn prevention Download PDFInfo
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- CN108651143B CN108651143B CN201810645307.5A CN201810645307A CN108651143B CN 108651143 B CN108651143 B CN 108651143B CN 201810645307 A CN201810645307 A CN 201810645307A CN 108651143 B CN108651143 B CN 108651143B
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- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 206010042496 Sunburn Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000000560 Citrus x paradisi Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000638935 Senecio crassissimus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003763 chloroplast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
- A01G2017/065—Trellis-work for supporting vines having wire-tensioning devices
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Supports For Plants (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A cultivation method suitable for preventing sunburn of northern grape aims to solve the problems of high incidence rate and large overwintering labor capacity of grape fruit in the existing cultivation mode. Cultivation frame: the reinforcing bar level sets up between two support columns, and two iron wires level sets up in the top of reinforcing bar and the symmetry sets up in the both sides of reinforcing bar. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: 1. construction of a horizontal shed frame: the height of the steel bars from the ground is 150-160cm, and the two ends of the cross beam are respectively provided with iron wires in a pulling way; 2. construction of a "factory" word tree: the base part of the main vine inclines along the row direction, the included angle between the base part and the ground is 45 degrees, and the main vine extends to the reinforcing steel bars and then is horizontally bound on the reinforcing steel bars; 3. construction of an M-shaped leaf curtain: the branches sprouting on the main vines are inclined and inclined towards the iron wires and are bound with the iron wires, and along with the increase of the length of the branches, the parts exceeding the iron wires freely droop, and the branches at the two sides are in an M shape when observed in the direction of planting rows. The invention is used for planting grapes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fruit tree cultivation frame and a cultivation method, in particular to a cultivation method suitable for northern grape sunburn prevention.
Background
Grape trellis, tree and leaf curtain shapes are generated in various types according to different areas, different production modes and the preference of a planter, and the frames are mainly divided into two types of hedge frames and shed frames, wherein the hedge frames comprise single hedge frames, V-shaped hedge frames and the like, and the matched tree forms and leaf curtain shapes comprise multi-main-vine fan-shaped vertical She Mu, vertical single-vine vertical leaf curtains, plant-shaped single-vine vertical She Mu and the like; the shed frames are divided into inclined shed frames, horizontal shed frames and the like, the horizontal shed frames are more in use, the matched tree forms and leaf curtain shapes comprise the traditional multi-main-vine fan-shaped horizontal leaf curtain, the single-vine traditional tree form horizontal leaf curtain, the single-vine plant-shaped tree form horizontal She Mu and other tree forms and leaf curtain shapes, and the latter two are the main cultivated tree forms and leaf curtain shapes.
1. Several matched tree forms and leaf curtain forms of the hedge frame have serious sunburn rate in early summer, and according to investigation, the sunburn rate of red globe grapes reaches more than 35% in the mode of northern Xinjiang; the mode has the remarkable characteristics of high management difficulty and extremely high labor consumption in summer.
2. The horizontal canopy frame single-vine traditional tree-shaped horizontal leaf curtain has been used for years in a domestic grape main production area, and the problems of high management difficulty, high labor intensity, large workload, nonuniform fruit quality and high sunburn rate are prominent along with the rising of labor price and continuous improvement of standardized production requirements. Through field investigation, only the labor for pruning in summer is 666.67m each 2 The grape vine is required to be turned by 90 degrees to be put on the shelf after being buried in soil in autumn, the main vine is required to be turned by 90 degrees to be put on the shelf again in spring, the labor intensity is high, the grape vine body is easy to damage, moreover, the grape fruit carried by the vertical part of the main vine is easy to burn in early summer, and the incidence rate of red earth grape sunscald reaches more than 25% under the mode of northern Xinjiang according to investigation.
3. In recent years, the horizontal leaf curtain of the single-vine plant-shaped tree form of the horizontal canopy frame is gradually developed, the labor intensity and the management difficulty are reduced, the fruit quality is improved, the labor for pruning in summer is greatly reduced, and the plant-shaped tree form is subjected to field investigation and is pruned in summerEvery 666.67m of shearing tool 2 The time of year is 4.35 hours. The invention patent number 201310090870.8 discloses a method suitable for horizontal continuous trellis cultivation of northern grape, which is reported sequentially on pages 72-78 in the 33 rd and 5 th phases of agricultural research in arid regions, and pages 1134-1143 (author Zhang Fuchun, etc.) in the 34 th and 9 th phases of fruit tree report. With the development of the production level, the tree form is found to have some problems, and needs to be solved and technology is improved, such as: and (1) the length of the main vines is longer, so that the soil burying amount is increased. Because the main vines are required to be inclined and put on the shelf, the height of the main vines is required to be 200cm, and the length of the main vines is required to be longer than that of the traditional tree form (when the plant spacing is 1m, the length of the main vines is required to be more than or equal to 3.3 m), so that the main vines of the grape vine are huge, and a certain difficulty is caused to soil burying. (2) The height (200 cm) of the main vine exceeds the proper operation height of the common labor force, and the labor intensity is high. (3) Grape varieties such as red earth in northern Xinjiang still have certain sunburn phenomenon, and the sunburn incidence rate is 16-20%.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cultivation method suitable for preventing sunburn of northern grapes, which aims to solve the problems of high incidence rate of sunburn of grape fruits and large overwintering labor capacity in the existing cultivation mode.
A cultivation method suitable for preventing sunburn of northern grapes is realized by the following steps:
step one, constructing a horizontal shed frame: the two support columns are arranged along the row direction of the vineyard, reinforcing steel bars with the length of 6mm are horizontally distributed between the two upright columns along the row direction of the vineyard, the height of the reinforcing steel bars from the ground is 150cm-160cm, the length of a cross beam at the top end of each upright column is 100cm-110cm, 1 iron wire is respectively distributed at the two ends of the cross beam along the row direction, and the height of each iron wire from the ground is 190cm-200cm;
step two, building a tree form of a factory word: after the grape seedlings are planted fixedly, 1 main vine is selected and reserved when the tree form is cultivated, the base parts of the main vine are inclined along the row direction, the included angle between the main vine and the ground is 30-60 degrees, and the main vine extends to the reinforcing steel bars and is horizontally bound on the reinforcing steel bars, so that the construction of the tree form in the shape of a Chinese character 'factory' is completed;
step three, constructing an M-shaped leaf curtain: the branches sprouting on the main vines are inclined and inclined towards the iron wires and are bound with the iron wires, and along with the increase of the length of the branches, the parts exceeding the iron wires freely droop, and the branches at the two sides are in an M shape when observed in the direction of planting rows.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the labor amount in the growing season is reduced: according to the invention, the branches are manually oriented and bound to be left and right alternately, and adjacent branches are arranged in different rows, so that the actual distance between the adjacent branches is increased under the condition of the same transverse distance, and the manual pruning management and picking are facilitated; adjacent branches at one side of the main tendril are in the same row, so that the breeding positions of the new shoots are in a straight line, and the pruning management and the picking are easy. Work for summer pruning every 666.67m 2 The time for the year is 3.97 hours, and the management is more rapid and time-saving compared with the management of the horizontal canopy frame single-vine plant-shaped tree-shaped horizontal leaf curtain.
2. The sunburn rate is significantly reduced: by using the cultivation frame and the cultivation method for arranging the grape main vines and the grape branches, the formed grape branches are in an M shape She Mu, the grape leaves are uniformly distributed by the M-shaped leaf curtain from the upper surface of the grape frame, the direct sunlight transmittance is low, the scattered light transmittance is high, the solar elevation angle between noon and sun in northern areas in summer is large, sunlight is shielded by the branches, the problem that clusters are exposed to sunlight is avoided, and the sunburn rate is reduced by 50% compared with that of the existing horizontal shed frame.
3. The sunlight in the morning and evening is utilized to promote the accumulation of photosynthetic products of fruits: the solar altitude angle is low in the morning and evening, and sunlight irradiates the grape fruits to promote photosynthesis of chloroplasts of the fruits in the olive stage.
4. The early autumn sunlight is utilized to promote the fruit to be colored: the grape fruits in autumn are in a color conversion period, the solar altitude angle is reduced in summer, sunlight irradiates the grape fruits, the fruit coloring is promoted, and the quality is improved.
5. The labor intensity during the overwintering soil burying period is reduced: the binding height of the main vines is 150-160cm, the length of the main vines is reduced by 17.3% compared with the plant-shaped tree-shaped horizontal leaf curtain under the condition of 1m plant spacing, the main vines are horizontally placed in a cultivation row before being put on a frame for soil burying, the superposition height of the main vines is reduced by more than 25%, the soil consumption for soil burying is further reduced, and the labor intensity and the labor amount are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a cultivation shelf of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the construction of the "plant" tree and "M" leaf curtain in the cultivation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1 and 2, this embodiment is a cultivation frame suitable for northern grape sunscald prevention, which comprises a steel bar 1, two iron wires 2 and two support columns 3, each support column 3 comprises a vertical column 3-1 and a horizontal beam 3-2, the horizontal beam 3-2 is vertically arranged above the vertical column 3-1, the two support columns 3 are arranged in parallel, the steel bar 1 is horizontally arranged between the two support columns 3, two ends of the steel bar 1 are respectively bound on the corresponding vertical columns 3-1, the steel bar 1 is used for binding and supporting a grape main vine, the two iron wires 2 are horizontally arranged above the steel bar 1, the two iron wires 2 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the steel bar 1, two ends of each iron wire 2 are respectively bound on the corresponding horizontal beam 3-2, and the iron wires 2 are used for supporting new grape shoots (branches B).
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 2, and is a cultivation method suitable for northern grape sunscald prevention, which is implemented by the following steps:
step one, constructing a horizontal shed frame: the two support columns 3 are arranged along the row direction of the vineyard, 6mm steel bars 1 are horizontally stretched between the two upright columns 3 along the row direction of the vineyard, the height h1 of the steel bars 1 from the ground is 150cm-160cm, the steel bars are used for binding and supporting the main vines A of the grapes, the length of a cross beam 3-2 at the top end of each upright column 3-1 is 100cm-110cm, 1 iron wire 2 is respectively stretched at the two ends of each cross beam 3-2 along the row direction, the steel wires are used for supporting new tips B of the grapes, and the height h2 of each iron wire 2 from the ground is 190cm-200cm; according to the solar elevation angle and azimuth angle of 6-7 months in different areas, the heights of the steel bars 1 and the iron wires 2 from the ground are adjusted so as to ensure that the clusters of fruits are not directly irradiated by sunlight in the fruit expanding period;
step two, building a tree form of a factory word: after the grape seedlings are planted fixedly, 1 main vine A is selected and reserved when the tree form is cultivated, the base part of the main vine A is inclined along the row direction, the included angle alpha between the main vine A and the ground is 30-60 degrees, the main vine A extends to the reinforcing steel bars 1 and then is horizontally bound on the reinforcing steel bars 1, and thus the construction of the tree form in the shape of a Chinese character 'factory' is completed;
step three, constructing an M-shaped leaf curtain: the branches B sprouting on the main vines A are inclined and inclined towards the iron wires 2 and bound with the iron wires, and along with the increase of the length of the branches B, the parts exceeding the iron wires 2 freely droop, so that the branches B at two sides are in an M shape when observed in the direction of planting rows. The branches B on the main vines A are alternately tied on the iron wires 2 left and right along the length direction of the main vines. In the period of expanding grape fruits, positive heat is generated, strong light is directly irradiated to grape ears, so that the grape fruits are easy to burn on the sun, and the length of new shoots is reserved in summer pruning so as to be capable of shielding the grape ears from being exposed to sunlight in the afternoon.
And a third specific embodiment: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 2, in which the height h1 of the reinforcing bar 1 from the ground in the first step is 155cm. The horizontal height of the main vine A and the height of the branch B have the following relation: the height of the main vine A determines the height relation between grape clusters and branches B: when the height h1 of the reinforcing steel bar 1 is too high, the clusters are insufficient in light receiving and the coloring is affected in the color conversion period of the grapes from 8 months to 9 months; when the height h1 of the reinforcing steel bar 1 is too low, the ears are easy to be exposed to direct sunlight for 6-7 months, and sunburn occurs. The other steps are the same as those of the second embodiment.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, in which the transverse distance w between the wire 2 and the reinforcing bar 1 in the first step is 50cm. The other steps are the same as those of the second or third embodiment.
Fifth embodiment: in the present embodiment, the main vine a and the ground have an included angle α of 45 ° in the second step, as described with reference to fig. 1. The other steps are the same as those of the second embodiment.
Specific embodiment six: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 2, in which pruning of the branch B in the third step: each fruiting shoot B should retain 12 leaves. Since 6-7 months is a period in which grape is easy to burn, during this period, pruning of branch B is generally performed at a length that can shield the ears from direct sunlight in a period of 13:00 to 15:00, and in order to ensure reasonable supply of photosynthetic products, usually more than 12 leaves of each resultant branch B should be reserved to shield the ears from direct sunlight. The other steps are the same as those of the second embodiment.
Claims (5)
1. A cultivation method suitable for preventing sunburn of northern grapes is realized by the following steps:
step one, constructing a horizontal shed frame: the two support columns (3) are arranged along the row direction of the vineyard, 6mm steel bars (1) are horizontally distributed between the two upright columns (3) along the row direction of the vineyard, the height (h 1) of the steel bars (1) from the ground is 150cm-160cm, the length of a cross beam (3-2) at the top end of each upright column (3-1) is 100cm-110cm, 1 iron wire (2) is respectively distributed at the two ends of each cross beam (3-2) along the row direction, and the height (h 2) of each iron wire (2) from the ground is 190cm-200cm;
step two, building a tree form of a factory word: after the grape seedlings are planted fixedly, 1 main vine (A) is selected and reserved when the tree form is cultivated, the base part of the main vine (A) is inclined along the row direction, the included angle (alpha) between the main vine (A) and the ground is 30-60 degrees, and the main vine (A) extends to the reinforcing steel bars (1) and is horizontally bound on the reinforcing steel bars (1), so that the construction of the tree form in the shape of a Chinese character 'factory' is completed;
step three, constructing an M-shaped leaf curtain: the branches (B) sprouting on the main vines (A) are inclined towards the iron wires (2) and bound with the iron wires, and along with the increase of the length of the branches (B), the parts exceeding the iron wires (2) freely droop, and the branches (B) at two sides are in an M shape when observed in the direction of planting rows.
2. The cultivation method suitable for northern grape sunburn prevention according to claim 1, wherein the height (h 1) of the reinforcing steel bar (1) from the ground in the first step is 155cm.
3. The cultivation method suitable for northern grape sunburn prevention according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transverse distance (w) between the iron wire (2) and the steel bar (1) in the first step is 50cm.
4. The cultivation method suitable for northern grape sunburn prevention according to claim 1, wherein the included angle (alpha) between the main vine (A) and the ground in the second step is 45 degrees.
5. The cultivation method suitable for northern grape sunburn prevention according to claim 1, wherein the pruning of the branches (B) in the third step: each fruiting shoot (B) should retain 12 leaves.
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| CN108651143B true CN108651143B (en) | 2024-04-12 |
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| CN109729909B (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2022-03-18 | 北京市林业果树科学研究院 | Method for adjusting base angle of main vines in northern soil-buried cultivation area |
| CN110463485A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-11-19 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | A kind of Winter protection method that pear tree Labor-saving is tree-like |
| CN112703959B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-08-23 | 南京太田葡萄科技有限公司 | Planting frame and planting method for sunshine rose grapes |
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| CN105557448A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-05-11 | 石河子农业科学研究院 | Dual-parallelism grape canopy frame and grape cultivation method suitable for soil-burying cold-proof area |
| CN205408888U (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-08-03 | 天津市设施农业研究所 | Be fit for cultivation in north height, width, grape trellis hangs down |
| CN106134909A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-11-23 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of method for planting utilizing inclination or the dry tree-like cooperation V-arrangement leaf curtain facility grape of level dragon |
| CN208317681U (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2019-01-04 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | A kind of cultivating stand that suitable northern grape anti-day is bright |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN205408888U (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-08-03 | 天津市设施农业研究所 | Be fit for cultivation in north height, width, grape trellis hangs down |
| CN105557448A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-05-11 | 石河子农业科学研究院 | Dual-parallelism grape canopy frame and grape cultivation method suitable for soil-burying cold-proof area |
| CN106134909A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-11-23 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of method for planting utilizing inclination or the dry tree-like cooperation V-arrangement leaf curtain facility grape of level dragon |
| CN208317681U (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2019-01-04 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | A kind of cultivating stand that suitable northern grape anti-day is bright |
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