CN108637250B - Aluminum alloy weight-reducing part forming method - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy weight-reducing part forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108637250B CN108637250B CN201810325866.8A CN201810325866A CN108637250B CN 108637250 B CN108637250 B CN 108637250B CN 201810325866 A CN201810325866 A CN 201810325866A CN 108637250 B CN108637250 B CN 108637250B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/70—Recycling
- B22F10/73—Recycling of powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/49—Scanners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
- B22F12/67—Blades
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of metal piece manufacturing, and discloses an aluminum alloy weight-reducing piece forming method, which comprises the following steps: establishing an aluminum alloy weight reducing part model; decomposing the aluminum alloy weight reducing part model into a plurality of sheet layers; providing a 3D printer, and formulating a processing track of the 3D printer corresponding to each slice layer according to a plurality of slice layers decomposed by the aluminum alloy weight reducing piece model; and printing layer by using a 3D printer, and finally forming the aluminum alloy weight reducing piece. The forming method of the aluminum alloy weight-reducing piece in the invention has the advantages of easy forming of the aluminum alloy weight-reducing piece, difficult deformation, capability of ensuring the service performance after forming and lower manufacturing cost.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of metal piece manufacturing, in particular to a forming method of an aluminum alloy weight-reduced piece.
Background
In some high-end manufacturing fields, parts meeting specific strength conditions and reducing weight as much as possible are usually manufactured, and the parts are called weight reducing parts, and the weight reducing parts are usually made of light materials such as aluminum alloy and the like. Aluminum alloy weight reduction is usually achieved by machining a single aluminum plate into two sheets, and filling a polymer gel in the middle of the sheets.
The inventor finds that the aluminum alloy manufactured by the technology has large processing amount, long processing time and high cost for reducing the weight, and the aluminum alloy and the high polymer colloid have inconsistent thermal expansion rates, are easy to deform and fall off, so that the service performance of the formed part cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for forming an aluminum alloy weight-reducing part, which is easy to form, not easy to deform, capable of ensuring the service performance after forming and lower in manufacturing cost.
In order to solve the technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for forming an aluminum alloy weight reduction part, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing an aluminum alloy weight reducing part model;
decomposing the aluminum alloy weight reducing piece model into a plurality of sheet layers;
providing a 3D printer, and formulating a processing track of each slice layer corresponding to the 3D printer according to a plurality of slice layers decomposed by the aluminum alloy weight reducing part model;
and (3) printing layer by using the 3D printer, and finally forming the aluminum alloy weight reducing piece.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention does not manufacture the weight reducing piece by filling the polymer colloid in the two thin plates, but completes the processing of the thin-wall piece by the 3D printer through the following steps: establishing an aluminum alloy weight reducing part model; decomposing the aluminum alloy weight reducing part model into a plurality of sheet layers; providing a 3D printer, and formulating a processing track of the 3D printer corresponding to each slice layer according to a plurality of slice layers decomposed by the aluminum alloy weight reducing piece model; and printing layer by using a 3D printer, and finally forming the aluminum alloy weight reducing piece. Because having decomposed into a plurality of lamellas with the aluminum alloy piece that subtracts heavy, each lamella passes through the 3D printer and prints, direct molding need not to fill the polymer colloid, therefore its shaping is comparatively easy, and non-deformable also can guarantee the performance after the shaping, and it is less through 3D printing technique work load, process time is short, manufacturing cost greatly reduced.
In addition, the 3D printer specifically includes: the device comprises a powder supply device, a forming bin and a laser galvanometer system; the powder supply device is used for supplying metal powder to the forming bin according to the preset dosage of each lamella, and the laser galvanometer system is used for selectively melting and solidifying the metal powder of the preset lamella in the forming bin one by one. The processing method has short processing time and low processing cost.
In addition, the powder supply device specifically includes: a powder supply bin and a scraper; the powder supply bin is used for placing metal powder, and the scraper is used for conveying the metal powder to the forming bin in a layered mode according to the preset powder thickness. After each layer is melted and solidified, the metal powder in the powder supply bin is conveyed to the forming bin through the scraper, and the printing precision of each layer is ensured.
In addition, the thickness of the preset powder of each layer is the same, so that the aluminum alloy weight reducing piece can be stably molded.
In addition, the thickness of the preset powder is 50 microns, the thickness of each layer is small, and the precision of the aluminum alloy weight reducing part formed after 3D printing is high.
In addition, the laser galvanometer system specifically includes: a laser, a scanning galvanometer; the laser device is used for controlling the emission of laser, and the scanning galvanometer is used for reflecting the laser emitted by the laser device to the preset position to selectively melt and solidify the metal powder of the preset sheet layer in the forming bin one by one.
In addition, the laser power emitted by the laser when the outer contour of the aluminum alloy weight reducing piece of each slice layer is printed is 250W, and the outer contour forming effect of the aluminum alloy weight reducing piece is good under the power; the laser power when printing the entity in the outline of the aluminum alloy weight-reducing piece of each slice is 450W, and the forming effect of the entity in the outline of the aluminum alloy weight-reducing piece is better under the power.
In addition, the scanning speed of the laser galvanometer system is 500mm/s, the light spot compensation is 0.355mm, the offset of the inner contour is 0.225mm, and under the parameter, the forming effect of the aluminum alloy weight reducing piece is better.
In addition, the 3D printer still includes powder recovery unit, is used for retrieving unnecessary metal powder in the shaping storehouse, can prevent metal powder's waste.
In addition, when the 3D printer prints layer by layer, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the powder supply device supplies metal powder of the first sheet layer to the forming bin;
the laser galvanometer system selectively solidifies the metal powder of the first sheet layer in the molding bin;
the molding bin moves downwards relative to the galvanometer system, and the powder supply device supplies metal powder of a second slice layer into the molding bin;
the laser galvanometer system selectively solidifies the metal powder of the second sheet layer in the molding bin;
and repeating the two steps until the selective solidification of the metal powder of the last sheet layer in the molding bin is completed. By using the mode, the printing quality of each layer can be ensured, so that the formed thin-wall part has higher forming quality.
Drawings
One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, which correspond to the figures in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and which are not to scale unless otherwise specified.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for forming an aluminum alloy weight-reduced part according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a 3D printer according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a specific flowchart of layer-by-layer printing performed by the 3D printer according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that numerous technical details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application in various embodiments of the present invention. However, the technical solution claimed in the present application can be implemented without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments.
The first embodiment of the invention relates to a method for forming an aluminum alloy weight-reduced part, which comprises the following specific steps of:
establishing an aluminum alloy weight reducing part model;
decomposing the aluminum alloy weight reducing part model into a plurality of sheet layers;
providing a 3D printer, and formulating a processing track of the 3D printer corresponding to each slice layer according to a plurality of slice layers decomposed by the aluminum alloy weight reducing piece model;
and printing layer by using a 3D printer, and finally forming the aluminum alloy weight reducing piece.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 2, the provided 3D printer specifically includes: powder supply device 1, shaping storehouse 2, laser galvanometer system 3. The powder supply device 1 is used for supplying metal powder to the forming bin 2 according to the preset dosage of each lamella, and the laser galvanometer system 3 is used for selectively melting and solidifying the metal powder of the preset lamella in the forming bin 2 one by one.
It is worth mentioning that the powder supply device 1 specifically includes: a powder supply bin 4 and a scraper 5. The powder supply bin 4 is used for placing metal powder, the metal powder is aluminum-based metal powder, and the scraper 5 is used for conveying the metal powder to the forming bin 2 in a layering mode according to the preset powder thickness. The molding bin 2 and the powder supply bin 4 in the scheme can move up and down.
The basic principle of this scheme is that the laser galvanometer system of utilization can be fixed a position predetermined with the laser beam, carries out the melting of powder to it, becomes the entity after solidifying, after the one deck has been treated the melting solidification, also be exactly a lamella prints and ends, shaping storehouse 2 can the one deck down, supplies the one deck that rises in powder storehouse 4, and shaping storehouse 2 is carried to the metal powder that rethread scraper 5 will supply powder storehouse 4, continues the selectivity to melt, until whole part shaping. The thickness of the preset powder of each layer is the same and is 50 micrometers, the thickness is small, the printing precision of each layer is guaranteed, the precision of the aluminum alloy weight reducing piece formed after 3D printing is high, and meanwhile the aluminum alloy weight reducing piece can be stably formed.
During actual operation, the scanning speed of the laser galvanometer system 3 of the 3D printer is set to be 500mm/s, the light spot compensation is set to be 0.355mm, the offset of the inner contour is set to be 0.225mm, and under the parameter conditions, the forming effect of the aluminum alloy weight reducing piece is better.
In this embodiment, the laser galvanometer system 3 specifically includes: laser 6, scanning galvanometer 7. The laser 6 is used for controlling the emission of laser, and the scanning galvanometer 7 is used for reflecting the laser emitted by the laser 6 to a preset position to selectively melt and solidify the metal powder of a preset sheet layer in the molding bin 2 one by one. The laser power emitted by the laser 6 when the outer contour of the aluminum alloy weight reducing part of each slice is printed is 250W, the diameter of a laser-focused light spot can be controlled to be 80 mu m by scanning the galvanometer 7 under the power, and the outer contour forming effect of the aluminum alloy weight reducing part is good. The laser power when printing the entity in the outline of the aluminum alloy weight-reducing piece of each slice is 450W, the diameter of a laser focused spot can be controlled to be 125 mu m by scanning the galvanometer 7 under the power, and the forming effect of the entity in the outline of the aluminum alloy weight-reducing piece is better. The aluminum alloy weight reducing part 9 after printing is composed of compact thin rods, meets certain strength requirements, well reduces the self weight, and can successfully print a thin rod structure with the diameter of 0.5mm and the dimensional tolerance of +/-0.05 mm through parameters in the scheme.
In addition, the 3D printer further comprises a powder recovery device 8, the powder recovery device is used for recovering redundant metal powder in the molding bin 2, waste of the metal powder can be prevented, and cost is effectively controlled.
In addition, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, when the 3D printer performs printing layer by layer, the method specifically includes the following steps:
the powder supply device 1 supplies metal powder of a first sheet layer to the forming bin 2;
the laser galvanometer system 3 selectively solidifies the metal powder of the first sheet layer in the molding bin 2;
the molding bin 2 moves downwards relative to the galvanometer system, and the powder supply device 1 supplies metal powder of a second slice layer into the molding bin 2;
the laser galvanometer system 3 selectively solidifies the metal powder of the second sheet layer in the molding bin 2;
and repeating the two steps until the selective solidification of the metal powder of the last sheet layer in the molding bin 2 is completed. By using the mode, the printing quality of each layer can be ensured, so that the formed thin-wall part has higher forming quality.
Therefore for prior art, no longer through the mode of filling polymer colloid in two sheets making the mode of subtracting heavy piece, but accomplish the processing of thin wall spare with the help of the 3D printer through following step, owing to subtract heavy piece with the aluminum alloy and decomposed into a plurality of lamellas, each lamella is printed through the 3D printer, direct forming, need not to fill polymer colloid, therefore its shaping is comparatively easy, non-deformable, also can guarantee the performance after the shaping, and it is less through 3D printing technology work load, the process time is short, manufacturing cost greatly reduced. A second embodiment of the invention relates to a method of forming an aluminum alloy weight-reduced part.
A second embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for forming an aluminum alloy weight-reduced part, and is substantially the same as the first embodiment, and mainly differs therefrom in that: in the first embodiment, the 3D printer used is a printer of laser melting molding technology. In the second embodiment of the present invention, the 3D printer used is a printer using laser sintering molding technology. The specific flow is similar to that of the first embodiment.
Similarly, the 3D printer of this kind of form is used to print, need not to fill the polymer colloid, therefore its shaping is comparatively easy, and non-deformable also can guarantee the performance after the shaping, and is less through 3D printing technology work load, and process time is short, manufacturing cost greatly reduced.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice.
Claims (7)
1. The forming method of the aluminum alloy weight reducing part is characterized in that the aluminum alloy weight reducing part comprises the following steps: a thin rod structure with the diameter of 0.5mm and the dimensional tolerance of +/-0.05 mm;
the molding method comprises the following steps:
establishing an aluminum alloy weight reducing part model;
decomposing the aluminum alloy weight reducing piece model into a plurality of sheet layers;
providing a 3D printer, and formulating a processing track of each slice layer corresponding to the 3D printer according to a plurality of slice layers decomposed by the aluminum alloy weight reducing part model;
printing layer by using the 3D printer, and finally forming the aluminum alloy weight reducing piece;
the 3D printer specifically includes: the device comprises a powder supply device, a forming bin and a laser galvanometer system; the powder supply device is used for supplying metal powder to the forming bin according to the preset dosage of each lamella, and the laser galvanometer system is used for selectively melting and solidifying the metal powder of the preset lamellae in the forming bin one by one;
the scanning speed of the laser galvanometer system is 500mm/s, the light spot compensation is 0.355mm, and the offset of the inner contour is 0.225 mm;
the laser power emitted by the laser when the outer contour of the aluminum alloy weight reducing part of each slice layer is printed is 250W, and the diameter of a laser focused light spot is controlled to be 80 mu m; the laser power for printing the solid bodies in the aluminum alloy weight-reducing part profile of each sheet layer is 450W, and the diameter of a laser focused light spot is controlled to be 125 mu m.
2. The method for forming the aluminum alloy weight-reducing part as recited in claim 1, wherein the powder supply device specifically comprises: a powder supply bin and a scraper;
the powder supply bin is used for placing metal powder, and the scraper is used for conveying the metal powder to the forming bin in a layered mode according to the preset powder thickness.
3. An aluminum alloy weight-reducing member molding method according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined powder thickness of each layer is the same.
4. The aluminum alloy weight-reduced member molding method as recited in claim 3, wherein the predetermined powder thickness is 50 μm.
5. The method for forming the aluminum alloy weight-reducing part according to claim 1, wherein the laser galvanometer system specifically comprises: a laser, a scanning galvanometer;
the laser device is used for controlling the emission of laser, and the scanning galvanometer is used for reflecting the laser emitted by the laser device to the preset position to selectively melt and solidify the metal powder of the preset sheet layer in the forming bin one by one.
6. The aluminum alloy weight-reducing part forming method as recited in claim 1, wherein the 3D printer further comprises a powder recovery device for recovering excess metal powder in the forming bin.
7. The method for forming the aluminum alloy weight-reducing part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the 3D printer specifically comprises the following steps when printing layer by layer:
the method comprises the following steps: the powder supply device supplies metal powder of the first sheet layer to the forming bin; the laser galvanometer system selectively solidifies the metal powder of the first sheet layer in the molding bin;
step two: the molding bin moves downwards relative to the galvanometer system, and the powder supply device supplies metal powder of a second slice layer into the molding bin; the laser galvanometer system selectively solidifies the metal powder of the second sheet layer in the molding bin;
and repeating the first step and the second step until the selective solidification of the metal powder of the last sheet layer in the molding bin is completed.
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| CN105149583A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-16 | 重庆塞拉雷利科技有限公司 | Selective laser melting forming method of aluminium materials and system adopting same |
| CN107881385A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-06 | 湖南顶立科技有限公司 | A kind of increasing material manufacturing technique of aluminium alloy element |
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| CN103341625B (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-05-13 | 湖南航天工业总公司 | 3D printing manufacturing device and method of metal parts |
| US10562288B2 (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2020-02-18 | United Technologies Corporation | Additive manufacturing system with ultrasonic inspection and method of operation |
| CN106583720A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-04-26 | 南通金源智能技术有限公司 | 3D printing manufacturing method for aluminum base graphene alloy thin-walled vane |
| CN107570706A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-01-12 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of laser gain material manufacturing equipment and method |
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| CN105149583A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-16 | 重庆塞拉雷利科技有限公司 | Selective laser melting forming method of aluminium materials and system adopting same |
| CN107881385A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-06 | 湖南顶立科技有限公司 | A kind of increasing material manufacturing technique of aluminium alloy element |
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