CN108526464B - Forming method of aluminum alloy thin-wall part - Google Patents
Forming method of aluminum alloy thin-wall part Download PDFInfo
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- CN108526464B CN108526464B CN201810325876.1A CN201810325876A CN108526464B CN 108526464 B CN108526464 B CN 108526464B CN 201810325876 A CN201810325876 A CN 201810325876A CN 108526464 B CN108526464 B CN 108526464B
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- aluminum alloy
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/49—Scanners
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/70—Recycling
- B22F10/73—Recycling of powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
- B22F12/63—Rollers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of metal piece manufacturing, and discloses a forming method of an aluminum alloy thin-wall piece, which comprises the following steps: establishing an aluminum alloy thin-wall part model; decomposing the aluminum alloy thin-wall part model into a plurality of sheet layers; providing a 3D printer, and formulating a processing track of the 3D printer corresponding to each slice layer according to the plurality of slice layers decomposed by the aluminum alloy thin-wall part model; and printing layer by using a 3D printer, and finally forming the aluminum alloy thin-wall part. The forming method of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part solves the problem that the aluminum alloy thin-wall part is difficult to manufacture, and is lower in production cost and shorter in production period.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of metal piece manufacturing, in particular to a forming method of an aluminum alloy thin-wall piece.
Background
In some high-end manufacturing applications, thin-walled parts of aluminum alloys are typically manufactured by machining a single piece of aluminum plate to the desired shape for design, or by stamping a thin piece.
The inventor finds that the machining mode has long machining amount and machining time, high cost, easy deformation of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part and no guarantee of the dimensional accuracy of the formed part. And the sheet punch forming needs a corresponding die, so that the die cost is generally higher, and the small-batch production is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a forming method of an aluminum alloy thin-wall part, which not only solves the problem that the aluminum alloy thin-wall part is difficult to manufacture, but also has lower production cost and shorter production period.
In order to solve the technical problem, an embodiment of the invention provides a method for forming an aluminum alloy thin-wall part, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing an aluminum alloy thin-wall part model;
decomposing the aluminum alloy thin-wall part model into a plurality of sheet layers;
providing a 3D printer, and formulating a processing track of each sheet layer corresponding to the 3D printer according to the plurality of sheet layers decomposed by the aluminum alloy thin-walled part model;
and printing layer by using the 3D printer, and finally forming the aluminum alloy thin-wall part.
Compared with the prior art, the thin-wall part is machined by a 3D printer through the following steps of: establishing an aluminum alloy thin-wall part model; decomposing the aluminum alloy thin-wall part model into a plurality of sheet layers; providing a 3D printer, and formulating a processing track of the 3D printer corresponding to each slice layer according to the plurality of slice layers decomposed by the aluminum alloy thin-wall part model; and printing layer by using a 3D printer, and finally forming the aluminum alloy thin-wall part. The model is decomposed into a plurality of sheet layers, each sheet layer is printed one by means of the 3D printer, the forming process of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part is a process for directly converting a printing material into the thin-wall part, and the method is different from the traditional method that the material is removed by machining or the material is punched by a die.
In addition, the 3D printer specifically includes: the device comprises a powder supply device, a forming bin and a laser galvanometer system; the powder supply device is used for supplying metal powder to the forming bin according to the preset dosage of each lamella, and the laser galvanometer system is used for selectively melting and solidifying the metal powder of the preset lamella in the forming bin one by one. The processing method has short processing time and low processing cost.
In addition, the powder supply device specifically includes: a powder supply bin and a scraper; the powder supply bin is used for placing metal powder, and the scraper is used for conveying the metal powder to the forming bin in a layered mode according to the preset powder thickness. After each layer is melted and solidified, the metal powder in the powder supply bin is conveyed to the forming bin through the scraper, and the printing precision of each layer is ensured.
In addition, the thickness of the preset powder of each layer is the same, so that the aluminum alloy thin-wall part can be stably formed.
In addition, the thickness of the preset powder is 50 microns, the thickness of each layer is small, and the precision of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part formed after 3D printing is high.
In addition, the laser galvanometer system specifically includes: a laser, a scanning galvanometer; the laser device is used for controlling the emission of laser, and the scanning galvanometer is used for reflecting the laser emitted by the laser device to the preset position to selectively melt and solidify the metal powder of the preset sheet layer in the forming bin one by one.
In addition, the laser power emitted by the laser when the outer contour of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part of each slice layer is printed is 300W, and the outer contour forming effect of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part is good under the power; the laser power when printing the entity in the outline of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part of each slice is 500W, and the forming effect of the entity in the outline of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part is better under the power.
In addition, the scanning speed of the laser galvanometer system is 600mm/s, the light spot compensation is 0.365mm, the offset of the inner contour is 0.235mm, and under the parameter, the forming effect of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part is better.
In addition, the 3D printer still includes powder recovery unit, is used for retrieving unnecessary metal powder in the shaping storehouse, can prevent metal powder's waste.
In addition, when the 3D printer prints layer by layer, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the powder supply device supplies metal powder of the first sheet layer to the forming bin;
the laser galvanometer system selectively solidifies the metal powder of the first sheet layer in the molding bin;
the molding bin moves downwards relative to the galvanometer system, and the powder supply device supplies metal powder of a second slice layer into the molding bin;
the laser galvanometer system selectively solidifies the metal powder of the second sheet layer in the molding bin;
and repeating the two steps until the selective solidification of the metal powder of the last sheet layer in the molding bin is completed. By using the mode, the printing quality of each layer can be ensured, so that the formed thin-wall part has higher forming quality.
Drawings
One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, which correspond to the figures in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and which are not to scale unless otherwise specified.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for forming an aluminum alloy thin-wall part according to a first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a 3D printer according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a specific flowchart of layer-by-layer printing performed by the 3D printer according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that numerous technical details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application in various embodiments of the present invention. However, the technical solution claimed in the present application can be implemented without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments.
The first embodiment of the invention relates to a method for forming an aluminum alloy thin-wall part, which comprises the following specific steps of:
establishing an aluminum alloy thin-wall part model;
decomposing the aluminum alloy thin-wall part model into a plurality of sheet layers;
providing a 3D printer, and formulating a processing track of the 3D printer corresponding to each slice layer according to the plurality of slice layers decomposed by the aluminum alloy thin-wall part model;
and printing layer by using a 3D printer, and finally forming the aluminum alloy thin-wall part.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 2, the provided 3D printer specifically includes: powder supply device 1, shaping storehouse 2, laser galvanometer system 3. The powder supply device 1 is used for supplying metal powder to the forming bin 2 according to the preset dosage of each lamella, and the laser galvanometer system 3 is used for selectively melting and solidifying the metal powder of the preset lamella in the forming bin 2 one by one.
It is worth mentioning that the powder supply device 1 specifically includes: a powder supply bin 4 and a scraper 5. The powder supply bin 4 is used for placing metal powder, the metal powder is aluminum-based metal powder, and the scraper 5 is used for conveying the metal powder to the forming bin 2 in a layering mode according to the preset powder thickness. The molding bin 2 and the powder supply bin 4 in the scheme can move up and down.
The basic principle of this scheme is that the laser galvanometer system of utilization can be fixed a position predetermined with the laser beam, carries out the melting of powder to it, becomes the entity after solidifying, after the one deck has been treated the melting solidification, also be exactly a lamella prints and ends, shaping storehouse 2 can the one deck down, supplies the one deck that rises in powder storehouse 4, and shaping storehouse 2 is carried to the metal powder that rethread scraper 5 will supply powder storehouse 4, continues the selectivity to melt, until whole part shaping. The thickness of the preset powder of each layer is the same and is 50 micrometers, the thickness is small, the printing precision of each layer is guaranteed, the precision of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part formed after 3D printing is high, and meanwhile the aluminum alloy thin-wall part can be stably formed.
During actual operation, the scanning speed of the laser galvanometer system 3 of the 3D printer is set to be 600mm/s, the light spot compensation is set to be 0.365mm, the offset of the inner contour is set to be 0.235mm, and under the parameter conditions, the forming effect of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part is better.
In this embodiment, the laser galvanometer system 3 specifically includes: laser 6, scanning galvanometer 7. The laser 6 is used for controlling the emission of laser, and the scanning galvanometer 7 is used for reflecting the laser emitted by the laser 6 to a preset position to selectively melt and solidify the metal powder of a preset sheet layer in the molding bin 2 one by one. The laser power emitted by the laser 6 when the outer contour of the aluminum alloy thin-walled part of each slice is printed is 300W, the diameter of a laser-focused spot can be controlled to be 100 mu m by scanning the galvanometer 7 under the power, and the outer contour forming effect of the aluminum alloy thin-walled part is good. The laser power when printing the entity in the outline of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part of each slice is 500W, the diameter of a laser focused spot can be controlled to be 150 mu m by scanning the galvanometer 7 under the power, and the forming effect of the entity in the outline of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part is better. By using the parameters in the scheme, the aluminum alloy thin-wall part 9 with the wall thickness of 0.3mm and the dimensional tolerance of +/-0.05 mm can be easily printed.
In addition, the 3D printer further comprises a powder recovery device 8, the powder recovery device is used for recovering redundant metal powder in the molding bin 2, waste of the metal powder can be prevented, and cost is effectively controlled.
In addition, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, when the 3D printer performs printing layer by layer, the method specifically includes the following steps:
the powder supply device 1 supplies metal powder of a first sheet layer to the forming bin 2;
the laser galvanometer system 3 selectively solidifies the metal powder of the first sheet layer in the molding bin 2;
the molding bin 2 moves downwards relative to the galvanometer system, and the powder supply device 1 supplies metal powder of a second slice layer into the molding bin 2;
the laser galvanometer system 3 selectively solidifies the metal powder of the second sheet layer in the molding bin 2;
and repeating the two steps until the selective solidification of the metal powder of the last sheet layer in the molding bin 2 is completed. By using the mode, the printing quality of each layer can be ensured, so that the formed thin-wall part has higher forming quality.
Compared with the prior art, the method for producing the thin-wall aluminum alloy part does not use the traditional mode of producing the thin-wall aluminum alloy part by machining or die stamping, but completes the machining of the thin-wall aluminum alloy part by the aid of the 3D printer through the following steps, the model is decomposed into a plurality of sheet layers, each sheet layer is printed one by the aid of the 3D printer, the forming process of the thin-wall aluminum alloy part is a process for directly converting a printing material into the thin-wall aluminum alloy part, and the method is different from the traditional mode of removing the material or stamping the material through the die.
The second embodiment of the invention relates to a forming method of an aluminum alloy thin-wall part. The second embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, and mainly differs therefrom in that: in the first embodiment, the 3D printer used is a printer of laser melting molding technology. In the second embodiment of the present invention, the 3D printer used is a printer using laser sintering molding technology. The specific flow is similar to that of the first embodiment.
Similarly, the 3D printer in the form is used for printing, the problem that the aluminum alloy thin-wall part is difficult to manufacture can be solved, and compared with the prior art, the production cost is lower, and the production period is shorter.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice.
Claims (7)
1. The forming method of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part is characterized in that the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part is 0.3mm, and the dimensional tolerance is +/-0.05 mm;
the molding method comprises the following steps:
establishing an aluminum alloy thin-wall part model;
decomposing the aluminum alloy thin-wall part model into a plurality of sheet layers;
providing a 3D printer, and formulating a processing track of each sheet layer corresponding to the 3D printer according to the plurality of sheet layers decomposed by the aluminum alloy thin-walled part model;
printing layer by using the 3D printer, and finally forming an aluminum alloy thin-wall part;
the 3D printer specifically includes: the device comprises a powder supply device, a forming bin and a laser galvanometer system; the powder supply device is used for supplying metal powder to the forming bin according to the preset dosage of each lamella, and the laser galvanometer system is used for selectively melting and solidifying the metal powder of the preset lamellae in the forming bin one by one;
the scanning speed of the laser galvanometer system is 600mm/s, the light spot compensation is 0.365mm, and the inner contour offset is 0.235 mm;
the laser power emitted by the laser when the outer contour of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part of each sheet layer is printed is 300W, and the diameter of a laser-focused light spot is controlled to be 100 mu m; the laser power when printing the entity in the outline of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part of each sheet layer is 500W, and the diameter of a laser focused spot is controlled to be 150 mu m.
2. The forming method of the aluminum alloy thin-walled workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the powder supply device specifically comprises: a powder supply bin and a scraper;
the powder supply bin is used for placing metal powder, and the scraper is used for conveying the metal powder to the forming bin in a layered mode according to the preset powder thickness.
3. The method of forming an aluminum alloy thin wall part according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined powder thickness of each layer is the same.
4. The method of forming an aluminum alloy thin wall part according to claim 3, wherein the predetermined powder thickness is 50 microns.
5. The forming method of the aluminum alloy thin-walled workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the laser galvanometer system specifically comprises: a laser, a scanning galvanometer;
the laser device is used for controlling the emission of laser, and the scanning galvanometer is used for reflecting the laser emitted by the laser device to the preset position to selectively melt and solidify the metal powder of the preset sheet layer in the forming bin one by one.
6. The forming method of the aluminum alloy thin-walled workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the 3D printer further comprises a powder recovery device for recovering excess metal powder in the forming bin.
7. The forming method of the aluminum alloy thin-walled workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the 3D printer specifically comprises the following steps when printing layer by layer:
the method comprises the following steps: the powder supply device supplies metal powder of the first sheet layer to the forming bin; the laser galvanometer system selectively solidifies the metal powder of the first sheet layer in the molding bin;
step two: the molding bin moves downwards relative to the galvanometer system, and the powder supply device supplies metal powder of a second slice layer into the molding bin; the laser galvanometer system selectively solidifies the metal powder of the second sheet layer in the molding bin;
and repeating the first step and the second step until the selective solidification of the metal powder of the last sheet layer in the molding bin is completed.
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CN111957962B (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2021-10-29 | 飞而康快速制造科技有限责任公司 | Additive manufacturing method and additive manufacturing device for selective laser melting for titanium alloy molding |
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CN105149583A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-16 | 重庆塞拉雷利科技有限公司 | Selective laser melting forming method of aluminium materials and system adopting same |
CN107881385A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-06 | 湖南顶立科技有限公司 | A kind of increasing material manufacturing technique of aluminium alloy element |
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US10562288B2 (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2020-02-18 | United Technologies Corporation | Additive manufacturing system with ultrasonic inspection and method of operation |
CN105215358B (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2017-10-31 | 重庆塞拉雷利科技有限公司 | The powder feeding formula laser gain material manufacture system and method for aluminium |
CN106583720A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-04-26 | 南通金源智能技术有限公司 | 3D printing manufacturing method for aluminum base graphene alloy thin-walled vane |
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CN105149583A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-16 | 重庆塞拉雷利科技有限公司 | Selective laser melting forming method of aluminium materials and system adopting same |
CN107881385A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-06 | 湖南顶立科技有限公司 | A kind of increasing material manufacturing technique of aluminium alloy element |
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