CN108622078B - 汽车、汽车用的控制装置及汽车的控制方法 - Google Patents

汽车、汽车用的控制装置及汽车的控制方法 Download PDF

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CN108622078B
CN108622078B CN201810228959.9A CN201810228959A CN108622078B CN 108622078 B CN108622078 B CN 108622078B CN 201810228959 A CN201810228959 A CN 201810228959A CN 108622078 B CN108622078 B CN 108622078B
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engine
particulate matter
automobile
control unit
electronic control
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CN108622078A (zh
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须贝信一
松村光赖
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/16—Inhibiting or initiating shift during unfavourable conditions, e.g. preventing forward reverse shift at high vehicle speed, preventing engine over speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
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    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/04—Filtering activity of particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/08—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/10—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the vehicle or its components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1606—Particle filter loading or soot amount
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • F16H2061/0232—Selecting ratios for bringing engine into a particular state, e.g. for fast warming up or for reducing exhaust emissions
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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Abstract

本发明提供汽车、汽车用的控制装置及汽车的控制方法，在汽车中包括：发动机，在排气***中包含将颗粒状物质除去的颗粒状物质除去过滤器；换挡装置，能够进行顺序换挡操作；及电子控制单元，以根据驾驶者的操作而行驶的方式控制发动机。所述电子控制单元构成为，在堆积于颗粒状物质除去过滤器的颗粒状物质的堆积量为预定量以上时，以即使驾驶者进行顺序换挡操作也不执行换挡地使所述汽车行驶的方式进行控制。由此，能够抑制由于向堆积量为预定量以上的颗粒状物质除去过滤器供给大量的空气而产生的颗粒状物质除去过滤器的过热。

Description

汽车、汽车用的控制装置及汽车的控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车、汽车用的控制装置及汽车的控制方法，详细而言，涉及具备在排气***中具有将颗粒状物质除去的颗粒状物质除去过滤器的发动机的汽车、汽车用的控制装置及汽车的控制方法。
背景技术
作为汽车，提出了在排气***中具备将颗粒状物质除去的过滤器并确保过滤器的温度上升所需的发动机的工作时间而使过滤器快速地再生的方案(例如参照日本特开2015-202832)。在该汽车中，具备在发动机工作时进行充电的蓄电装置，在要求过滤器的再生的情况下，与未要求过滤器的再生时相比扩大蓄电装置的残存容量的控制范围，并且在使残存容量朝向控制范围的下限值减少之后，使残存容量朝向控制范围的上限值增加。
发明内容
然而，在上述的汽车中，会产生将颗粒状物质除去的过滤器发生过热的情况。当颗粒状物质在过滤器中堆积一定程度的状态时，如果降挡而使发动机制动发挥作用，则大量地向过滤器供给空气，堆积于过滤器的颗粒状物质燃烧，过滤器超过必要地成为高温。
本发明的汽车抑制颗粒状物质除去过滤器的过热。
本发明的汽车为了实现上述的主要目的而采用以下的方案。
本发明的第一形态是汽车。所述汽车包括：发动机，在排气***中包含将颗粒状物质除去的颗粒状物质除去过滤器；换挡装置，能够进行顺序换挡操作；及电子控制单元，构成为以根据驾驶者的操作而行驶的方式控制所述发动机。所述电子控制单元构成为，在堆积于所述颗粒状物质除去过滤器的颗粒状物质的堆积量为预定量以上时，以即使驾驶者进行顺序换挡操作也不执行换挡地使所述汽车行驶的方式进行控制。
根据上述结构，在安装于发动机的排气***的将颗粒状物质除去的颗粒状物质除去过滤器上堆积的颗粒状物质的堆积量为预定量以上时，以即使驾驶者进行顺序换挡操作也不执行换挡地行驶的方式进行控制。由此，能够抑制由于换挡(尤其是降挡)而使发动机的转速上升的发动机制动，能够抑制由于高旋转下的发动机制动而大量的空气向颗粒状物质除去过滤器供给。其结果是，能够抑制由于向堆积量为预定量以上的颗粒状物质除去过滤器供给大量的空气而产生的颗粒状物质除去过滤器的过热。而且，也不允许升挡，由此能够避免仅执行升挡而无法降挡，即，一旦升挡则无法返回原状这样的状况。
在所述汽车中，所述电子控制单元可以构成为，在所述堆积量为所述预定量以上时，以向所述驾驶者报知不接受顺序换挡操作的方式进行控制。根据上述结构，能够向驾驶者通知不接受顺序换挡操作，能够抑制驾驶者产生的违和感。需要说明的是，不接受顺序换挡操作的报知例如可以是基于显示器显示的报知。
在所述汽车中，所述电子控制单元可以构成为，在所述堆积量为所述预定量以上时，抑制所述发动机的转速上升。根据上述结构，能够抑制高旋转下的发动机制动。
在所述汽车中，所述电子控制单元可以构成为，在所述堆积量为所述预定量以上时，以不进行发动机制动的输出的方式进行控制。根据上述结构，能够抑制向颗粒状物质除去过滤器供给大量的空气。在这种情况下，所述电子控制单元可以构成为，在所述堆积量为所述预定量以上时，向所述驾驶者报知不进行发动机制动的输出。这样的话，能够向驾驶者通知不进行发动机制动的输出，能够抑制驾驶者产生的违和感。需要说明的是，不进行发动机制动的输出的报知例如可以是基于显示器显示的报知。
所述汽车可以包括：电动机，构成为输入输出行驶用的动力；及蓄电装置，构成为与所述电动机进行电力的接收和供给。所述发动机可以构成为以汽油为燃料进行驱动。即，可以设为混合动力汽车。
在所述汽车中，所述换挡装置可以包括换挡杆。所述顺序换挡操作可以是通过所述驾驶者将所述换挡杆从顺序挡位换挡成预定位置的操作。所述预定位置可以是升挡指示位置和降挡指示位置中的一方。
所述汽车可以还包括堆积量推定装置。所述电子控制单元可以构成为使用所述堆积量推定装置来算出所述堆积量。
本发明的第二形态是汽车用的控制装置。所述汽车包括：发动机，在排气***中包含将颗粒状物质除去的颗粒状物质除去过滤器；换挡装置，能够进行顺序换挡操作；及电子控制单元。所述电子控制单元构成为以根据驾驶者的操作而行驶的方式控制所述发动机。所述电子控制单元构成为，在堆积于所述颗粒状物质除去过滤器的颗粒状物质的堆积量为预定量以上时，以即使驾驶者进行顺序换挡操作也不执行换挡地使所述汽车行驶的方式进行控制。
本发明的第三形态是汽车的控制方法。所述汽车包括：发动机，在排气***中包含将颗粒状物质除去的颗粒状物质除去过滤器；换挡装置，能够进行顺序换挡操作；及电子控制单元，构成为以根据驾驶者的操作而行驶的方式控制所述发动机。所述控制方法包括：在堆积于所述颗粒状物质除去过滤器的颗粒状物质的堆积量为预定量以上时，通过所述电子控制单元以即使驾驶者进行顺序换挡操作也不执行换挡地使所述汽车行驶的方式进行控制。
附图说明
前述及后述的本发明的特征及优点通过下面的具体实施方式的说明并参照附图而明确，其中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件。
图1是表示本发明的第一实施例的混合动力汽车20的结构的概略的结构图。
图2是表示由HVECU70执行的指令计算例程的一例的流程图。
图3是表示变形例的混合动力汽车220的结构的概略的结构图。
图4是表示变形例的汽车320的结构的概略的结构图。
具体实施方式
接下来，使用实施例来说明用于实施本发明的方式。
图1是表示本发明的第一实施例的混合动力汽车20的结构的概略的结构图。如图所示，实施例的混合动力汽车20具备发动机22、发动机用电子控制单元(以下，称为发动机ECU)24、行星齿轮30、电动机MG1、电动机MG2、变换器41、42、电动机用电子控制单元(以下，称为电动机ECU)40、蓄电池50、蓄电池用电子控制单元(以下，称为蓄电池ECU)52、升压转换器56、混合动力用电子控制单元(以下，称为HVECU)70。
发动机22构成为以汽油、轻油等为燃料而输出动力的内燃机。该发动机22由发动机用电子控制单元(以下，称为发动机ECU)24进行运转控制。在发动机22的排气***安装有排气净化装置23和颗粒状物质除去过滤器(以下，称为PM过滤器)25。在排气净化装置23填充有将排气中的未燃烧燃料、氮氧化物除去的催化剂23a。PM过滤器25通过陶瓷、不锈钢等而形成为多孔过滤器，捕捉煤等颗粒状物质(PM：ParticulateMatter)。需要说明的是，在发动机22以汽油为燃料时，PM过滤器25被称为GPF(gasolineparticulatefilter)，在发动机22以轻油为燃料时，PM过滤器25被称为DPF(Dieselparticulatefilter)。
虽然未图示，但是发动机ECU24构成为以CPU为中心的微处理器，除了CPU之外，还具备存储处理程序的ROM、暂时存储数据的RAM、输入输出端口、通信端口。为了对发动机22进行运转控制所需的来自各种传感器的信号经由输入端口向发动机ECU24输入。作为来自各种传感器的信号，可列举例如来自检测曲轴26的旋转位置的未图示的曲轴位置传感器的曲轴位置、来自检测发动机22的冷却水的温度的未图示的水温传感器的冷却水温Tw等。而且，可列举来自检测节气门的位置的未图示的节气门位置传感器的节气门开度TH、来自安装于吸气管的未图示的气流计的吸入空气量Qa、来自安装于吸气管的未图示的温度传感器的吸气温Ta等。此外，也可列举来自在排气***的排气净化装置23的上游侧安装的空燃比传感器23b的空燃比AF、来自在排气净化装置23的下游侧安装的氧传感器23c的氧信号O2、来自在PM过滤器25的上游侧及下游侧安装的压力传感器25a、25b的压力P1、P2。而且，从发动机ECU24经由输出端口输出用于对发动机22进行运转控制的各种控制信号。作为各种控制信号，例如，可列举向燃料喷射阀的驱动信号、向调节节气门的位置的节气门电动机的驱动信号、向与点火器一体化的点火线圈的控制信号。发动机ECU24经由通信端口而与HVECU70连接。该发动机ECU24通过来自HVECU70的控制信号对发动机22进行运转控制。而且，发动机ECU24根据需要而将与发动机22的运转状态相关的数据向HVECU70输出。发动机ECU24基于曲轴角θcr来运算曲轴26的转速，即，运算发动机22的转速Ne。而且，发动机ECU24基于来自气流计的吸入空气量Qa和发动机22的转速Ne，也运算容积效率(发动机22的在一个循环中实际吸入的空气的容积相对于每一个循环的行程容积之比)KL。发动机ECU24基于来自压力传感器25a、25b的压力P1、P2的差压ΔP(ΔP＝P1-P2)来运算PM过滤器25捕捉的颗粒状物质的作为推定的堆积量的PM堆积量Qpm，或者基于发动机22的运转状态来运算PM过滤器25的作为推定的温度的过滤器温度Tf。
行星齿轮30构成为单一小齿轮式的行星齿轮机构。在行星齿轮30的太阳轮、齿圈、轮架上分别连接有电动机MG1的转子、经由差动齿轮37而与驱动轮38a、38b连结的驱动轴36、发动机22的曲轴26。
电动机MG1构成为具备埋入有永磁体的转子和卷绕有三相线圈的定子的周知的同步发电电动机，如上所述转子与行星齿轮30的太阳轮连接。电动机MG2与电动机MG1同样地构成为同步发电电动机，转子与驱动轴36连接。通过电动机ECU40对变换器41、42进行控制，由此电动机MG1、MG2进行驱动。变换器41、42通过电力线(以下，称为驱动电压系电力线)54a而连接于升压转换器56，该升压转换器56与连接有蓄电池50和***主继电器55(SMR)的电力线(以下，称为电池电压系电力线)54b连接。虽然未图示，但是变换器41、42分别构成为由6个晶体管和6个二极管组成的周知的变换器。虽然未图示，但是升压转换器56构成为由2个晶体管、2个二极管、电抗器L组成的周知的升压转换器。
平滑用的平滑电容器57与放电用的放电电阻58并联于驱动电压系电力线54a。而且，在电池电压系电力线54b的蓄电池50的输出端子侧安装有***主继电器55，此外，在电池电压系电力线54b的升压转换器56侧连接有平滑用的过滤器电容器59。
虽然未图示，但是电动机ECU40构成为以CPU为中心的微处理器，除了CPU之外，还具备存储处理程序的ROM、暂时存储数据的RAM、输入输出端口、通信端口。为了对电动机MG1、MG2进行驱动控制所需的信号、例如来自检测电动机MG1、MG2的转子的旋转位置的旋转位置检测传感器43、44的旋转位置θm1、θm2、通过未图示的电流传感器检测的向电动机MG1、MG2施加的相电流等经由输入端口向电动机ECU40输入。而且，来自在平滑电容器57的端子间安装的未图示的电压传感器的平滑电容器57的电压(驱动电压系电力线54a的电压。以下，称为驱动电压系电压)VH、来自在过滤器电容器59的端子间安装的未图示的电压传感器的过滤器电容器59的电压(电池电压系电力线54b的电压。以下，称为电池电压系电压)VL等也向电动机ECU40输入。从电动机ECU40经由输出端口输出用于对变换器41、42、升压转换器56进行驱动的控制信号等。而且，电动机ECU40与HVECU70通信，根据来自HVECU70的控制信号对电动机MG1、MG2进行驱动控制并根据需要将与电动机MG1、MG2的运转状态相关的数据向HVECU70输出。需要说明的是，电动机ECU40基于来自旋转位置检测传感器43、44的电动机MG1、MG2的转子的旋转位置θm1、θm2也运算电动机MG1、MG2的转速Nm1、Nm2。
蓄电池50例如构成为锂离子二次电池并经由变换器41、42而相对于电动机MG1、MG2接收和供给电力。虽然未图示，但是管理蓄电池50的蓄电池ECU52构成为以CPU为中心的微处理器，除了CPU之外，还具备存储处理程序的ROM、暂时存储数据的RAM、输入输出端口、通信端口。管理蓄电池50所需的信号、例如来自在蓄电池50的端子间设置的未图示的电压传感器的电池电压Vb、来自在与蓄电池50的输出端子连接的电力线上安装的未图示的电流传感器的电池电流Ib、来自在蓄电池50安装的未图示的温度传感器的电池温度Tb等经由输入端口向蓄电池ECU52输入。而且，蓄电池ECU52与HVECU70通信，根据需要将与蓄电池50的状态相关的数据通过通信向HVECU70发送。蓄电池ECU52为了管理蓄电池50而基于由电流传感器检测到的充放电电流Ib的累计值来运算此时的能够从蓄电池50放电的电力的容量相对于整体容量的比例即蓄电比例SOC，或者基于运算出的蓄电比例SOC和电池温度Tb来运算蓄电池50可充放电的最大容许电力即输入输出极限Win、Wout。
虽然未图示，但是HVECU70构成为以CPU为中心的微处理器，除了CPU之外，还具备存储处理程序的ROM、暂时存储数据的RAM、输入输出端口、通信端口。驱动控制等所需的各种信号、例如来自点火开关(IG)80的点火信号、来自车速传感器88的车速V等经由输入端口向HVECU70输入。而且，来自检测换挡杆81的操作位置的挡位传感器82的挡位SP、来自检测加速踏板83的踏下量的加速踏板位置传感器84的加速器开度Acc、来自检测制动踏板85的踏下量的制动踏板位置传感器86的制动踏板位置BP等也向HVECU70输入。从HVECU70经由输出端口输出向***主继电器55的驱动信号、向驾驶席的前方的仪表板上安装的显示器90的显示信号等控制信号。如前所述，HVECU70经由通信端口而与发动机ECU24、电动机ECU40、蓄电池ECU52连接，与发动机ECU24、电动机ECU40、蓄电池ECU52进行各种控制信号、数据的接收和供给。
在实施例的混合动力汽车20中，作为换挡杆81的挡位SP，除了驻车时使用的驻车挡(P挡)、后退行驶用的倒车挡(R挡)、空挡(N挡)、前进行驶用的通常的行车挡(D挡)之外，还准备了具有升挡指示位置及降挡指示位置的顺序挡位(S挡)。在此，S挡是将加速器接通时的驱动力、行驶中的加速器断开时的制动力(比D挡大的制动力)变更为例如6级(与变速级S1～S6对应的制动驱动力)的挡位。由此，在S挡中，能够给驾驶者带来假想的有级变速器产生的变速感。
在这样构成的实施例的混合动力汽车20中，以混合动力行驶(HV行驶)模式、电动行驶(EV行驶)模式行驶。在此，HV行驶模式是伴随着发动机22的运转而行驶的模式，EV行驶模式是不伴随发动机22的运转而行驶的模式。
在HV行驶模式下的行驶时，HVECU70首先基于来自加速踏板位置传感器84的加速器开度Acc和来自车速传感器88的车速V，设定行驶要求(应向驱动轴36输出)的要求转矩Tr*。接下来，将设定的要求转矩Tr*乘以驱动轴36的转速Nr，来计算行驶要求的要求行驶用功率Pdrv*。在此，作为驱动轴36的转速Nr，可以使用电动机MG2的转速Nm2、将车速V乘以换算系数而得到的转速。并且，将计算出的要求行驶用功率Pdrv*加上蓄电池50的充放电要求功率Pb*(向蓄电池50充电时为正的值)，来设定车辆要求的要求功率Pe*。在此，充放电要求功率Pb*基于蓄电池50的蓄电比例SOC与目标比例SOC*的差分ΔSOC，以使差分ΔSOC的绝对值减小的方式设定。接下来，以从发动机22输出要求功率Pe*并向驱动轴36输出要求转矩Tr*的方式，设定发动机22的目标运转点(目标转速Ne*、目标转矩Te*)、电动机MG1、MG2的转矩指令Tm1*、Tm2*。在发动机22的运转点(转速、转矩)中，将噪音、振动等加入考虑而预先确定燃耗成为最佳的最佳动作线，求出与要求功率Pe*对应的最佳动作线上的运转点(转速、转矩)来设定发动机22的目标运转点(目标转速Ne*、目标转矩Te*)。关于发动机22的目标运转点(目标转速Ne*、目标转矩Te*)，向发动机ECU24发送。关于电动机MG1、MG2的转矩指令Tm1*、Tm2*，向电动机ECU40发送。发动机ECU24以使发动机22基于目标运转点而运转的方式进行发动机22的吸入空气量控制、燃料喷射控制、点火控制等。电动机ECU40以按照转矩指令Tm1*、Tm2*来驱动电动机MG1、MG2的方式，进行升压转换器56、变换器41、42的各晶体管的开关控制。
在EV行驶模式下的行驶时，HVECU70首先基于来自加速踏板位置传感器84的加速器开度Acc和来自车速传感器88的车速V来设定要求转矩Tr*，并将要求转矩Tr*乘以驱动轴36的转速Nr来计算要求行驶用功率Pdrv*。接下来，向电动机MG1的转矩指令Tm1*设定值0，并以向驱动轴36输出要求转矩Tr*(要求行驶用功率Pdrv*)的方式设定电动机MG2的转矩指令Tm2*。关于电动机MG1、MG2的转矩指令Tm1*、Tm2*，向电动机ECU40发送。电动机ECU40如上所述控制升压转换器56、变换器41、42。
接下来，说明这样构成的实施例的混合动力汽车20的动作、尤其是堆积于PM过滤器25的颗粒状物质的PM堆积量Qpm为预定量Qref以上时的动作。预定量Qref可以预先确定为判断为PM过滤器25需要再生的程度的值。图2是表示由HVECU70执行的指令计算例程的一例的流程图。该例程每预定时间(例如，每几毫秒)反复执行。
当执行指令计算例程时，HVECU70首先执行输入PM过滤器25的堆积量Qpm、来自挡位传感器82的挡位SP的处理(步骤S100)。PM过滤器25的堆积量Qpm设为将基于来自压力传感器25a、25b的压力P1、P2的差压ΔP(ΔP＝P1-P2)而运算出的值通过来自发动机ECU24的通信进行输入。
接下来，判定输入的PM过滤器25的堆积量Qpm是否为预定量Qref以上(步骤S110)。在判定为堆积量Qpm小于预定量Qref时，通过上述的通常计算来设定发动机22的目标运转点(目标转速Ne*、目标转矩Te*)和电动机MG1、MG2的转矩指令Tm1*、Tm2*(步骤S120)。然后，关于设定的发动机22的目标运转点(目标转速Ne*、目标转矩Te*)向发动机ECU24发送，并且关于电动机MG1、MG2的转矩指令Tm1*、Tm2*向电动机ECU40发送(步骤S170)，结束本例程。关于接收到目标运转点(目标转速Ne*、目标转矩Te*)的发动机ECU24的动作、接收到转矩指令Tm1*、Tm2*的电动机ECU40的动作如上所述。
在步骤S110中，在判定为堆积量Qpm为预定量Qref以上时，设定基于发动机制动的再生转矩的输出停止，并将其主旨(例如“发动机制动无法使用。”等)显示于在驾驶席前方的仪表板中装入的显示器90(步骤S130)。由此，能够抑制由于在堆积量Qpm为预定量Qref以上时进行发动机制动而从发动机22将大量的空气向PM过滤器25供给，能够向驾驶者通知发动机制动无法使用。
接下来，基于挡位SP判定是否进行了顺序换挡操作(步骤S140)。是否进行了顺序换挡操作的判定可以通过换挡杆81是否设为顺序挡位(S挡)而***作为升挡指示位置或降挡指示位置来进行。在判定为进行了顺序换挡操作时，不允许顺序换挡并将其主旨(例如“顺序换挡无法使用。”等)显示于显示器90(步骤S150)。由此，能够抑制在堆积量Qpm为预定量Qref以上时通过顺序换挡操作(尤其是降挡操作)使发动机22的转速Ne上升而由于高旋转下的发动机制动将大量的空气向PM过滤器25供给，并且能够向驾驶者通知顺序换挡操作无法使用。
并且，无论有无顺序换挡操作，都不基于顺序换挡操作且不使用发动机制动地设定发动机22的目标运转点(目标转速Ne*、目标转矩Te*)、电动机MG1、MG2的转矩指令Tm1*、Tm2*(步骤S160)，并将它们发送(步骤S170)，结束本例程。关于这种情况下的发动机22的目标运转点、电动机MG1、MG2的转矩指令Tm1*、Tm2*的设定，例如，可以如下进行。在加速踏板83接通时，与上述的HV行驶模式下的行驶时同样地设定发动机22的目标运转点(目标转速Ne*、目标转矩Te*)、电动机MG1、MG2的转矩指令Tm1*、Tm2*。在加速踏板83断开时，基于来自制动踏板位置传感器86的制动踏板位置BP和车速V，来设定行驶要求的作为减速度的要求转矩Tr*。接下来，关于发动机22，以通过此时的转速Ne进行自主驾驶的方式将此时的转速Ne设为目标转速Ne*并设定值0的目标转矩Te*，关于电动机MG1的转矩指令Tm1*，设定值0。并且，关于电动机MG2的转矩指令Tm2*，选择在蓄电池50的输入极限Win的范围内能够输出的再生转矩的最大值和要求转矩Tr*中的绝对值小的一方进行设定。需要说明的是，在要求转矩Tr*中的电动机MG2的转矩指令Tm2*不足时，关于不足部分的减速转矩通过未图示的液压式的机械制动器发挥作用。通过这样进行控制，不使用顺序换挡操作和发动机制动而能够根据驾驶者的操作来设定发动机22的目标运转点、电动机MG1、MG2的转矩指令Tm1*、Tm2*。
在以上说明的实施例的混合动力汽车20中，在堆积于PM过滤器25的颗粒状物质的PM堆积量Qpm为预定量Qref以上时，即使驾驶者进行顺序换挡操作也不允许顺序换挡。由此，能够抑制通过顺序换挡操作(尤其是降挡操作)使发动机22的转速Ne上升而由于高旋转下的发动机制动将大量的空气向PM过滤器25供给。其结果是，能够抑制由于向PM过滤器25供给大量的空气而产生的PM过滤器25的过热。而且，在PM堆积量Qpm为预定量Qref以上时，设定基于发动机制动的再生转矩的输出停止。由此，能够抑制由于进行发动机制动而将大量的空气向PM过滤器25供给。其结果是，能够抑制由于向PM过滤器25供给大量的空气而产生的PM过滤器25的过热。此外，在不允许顺序换挡或者设为基于发动机制动的再生转矩的输出停止时，将其主旨显示于显示器90，因此能够将其主旨向驾驶者通知，能够抑制由于顺序换挡无法使用、发动机制动无法使用而使驾驶者产生的违和感。
在实施例的混合动力汽车20中，在不允许顺序换挡或者设为基于发动机制动的再生转矩的输出停止时，通过将其主旨显示于显示器90而向驾驶者报知，但是只要将其主旨向驾驶者报知即可，因此也可以将其主旨通过声音输出向驾驶者报知。而且，从抑制PM过滤器25的过热的观点出发，也可以不报知不允许顺序换挡的主旨、基于发动机制动的再生转矩的输出停止的主旨。
在实施例的混合动力汽车20中，在堆积于PM过滤器25的颗粒状物质的PM堆积量Qpm为预定量Qref以上时，不允许顺序换挡并设为基于发动机制动的再生转矩的输出停止，但是也可以在堆积于PM过滤器25的颗粒状物质的PM堆积量Qpm为预定量Qref以上时，仅不允许顺序换挡而不停止基于发动机制动的再生转矩的输出。
在实施例的混合动力汽车20中，设为将发动机22和2个电动机MG1、MG2连接于行星齿轮30的结构，但只要是在发动机22的排气***具备PM过滤器25并能够进行顺序换挡操作的汽车即可，因此可以如图3例示的混合动力汽车220那样，在与驱动轮38a、38b连结的驱动轴36上经由变速器230连接电动机MG并在电动机MG上经由离合器229连接发动机22，也可以如图4例示的汽车320那样在与驱动轮38a、38b连结的驱动轴36上经由变速器330连接发动机22。
说明实施例的主要要素与发明内容记载的发明的主要要素的对应关系。在实施例中，PM过滤器25是“颗粒状物质除去过滤器”的一例，发动机22是“发动机”的一例，HVECU70、发动机ECU24、电动机ECU40、蓄电池ECU52是“电子控制单元”的一例。
需要说明的是，实施例的主要要素与发明内容记载的发明的主要要素的对应关系是用于对实施例用于实施发明内容记载的发明的方式具体进行说明的一例，因此没有对发明内容记载的发明的要素进行限定。即，发明内容记载的关于发明的解释应基于该栏的记载进行，实施例只不过是发明内容记载的发明的具体的一例。
以上，使用实施例说明了用于实施本发明的方式，但是本发明不受这样的实施例的任何限定，在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内，当然能以各种方式实施。
本发明能够利用于汽车的制造产业等。

Claims (11)

1.一种汽车，其特征在于，包括：
发动机，在排气***中包含将颗粒状物质除去的颗粒状物质除去过滤器；
换挡装置，能够进行顺序换挡操作；及
电子控制单元，构成为以根据驾驶者的操作而行驶的方式控制所述发动机，
所述电子控制单元构成为，在堆积于所述颗粒状物质除去过滤器的颗粒状物质的堆积量为预定量以上时，以即使驾驶者进行顺序换挡操作也不执行换挡地使所述汽车行驶的方式进行控制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汽车，其中，
所述电子控制单元构成为，在所述堆积量为所述预定量以上时，以向所述驾驶者报知不接受顺序换挡操作的方式进行控制。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的汽车，其中，
所述电子控制单元构成为，在所述堆积量为所述预定量以上时，抑制所述发动机的转速上升。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的汽车，其中，
所述电子控制单元构成为，在所述堆积量为所述预定量以上时，以不进行发动机制动的输出的方式进行控制。
5.根据权利要求4所述的汽车，其中，
所述电子控制单元构成为，在所述堆积量为所述预定量以上时，向所述驾驶者报知不进行发动机制动的输出。
6.根据权利要求2或5所述的汽车，其中，
所述电子控制单元构成为通过显示器显示来进行报知。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的汽车，其中，
所述汽车还具备：
电动机，构成为输入输出行驶用的动力；及
蓄电装置，构成为与所述电动机进行电力的接收和供给，
所述发动机构成为以汽油为燃料进行驱动。
8.根据权利要求1所述的汽车，其中，
所述换挡装置包括换挡杆，
所述顺序换挡操作是通过所述驾驶者将所述换挡杆从顺序挡位换挡成预定位置的操作，所述预定位置是升挡指示位置和降挡指示位置中的一方。
9.根据权利要求1所述的汽车，其中，
所述汽车还具备堆积量推定装置，
所述电子控制单元构成为使用所述堆积量推定装置来算出所述堆积量。
10.一种汽车用的控制装置，所述汽车包括发动机和能够进行顺序换挡操作的换挡装置，所述发动机在排气***中包含将颗粒状物质除去的颗粒状物质除去过滤器，
所述控制装置的特征在于，包括：
电子控制单元，构成为以根据驾驶者的操作而行驶的方式控制所述发动机，
所述电子控制单元构成为，在堆积于所述颗粒状物质除去过滤器的颗粒状物质的堆积量为预定量以上时，以即使驾驶者进行顺序换挡操作也不执行换挡地使所述汽车行驶的方式进行控制。
11.一种汽车的控制方法，
所述汽车包括：
发动机，在排气***中包含将颗粒状物质除去的颗粒状物质除去过滤器；
换挡装置，能够进行顺序换挡操作；及
电子控制单元，构成为以根据驾驶者的操作而行驶的方式控制所述发动机，
所述控制方法的特征在于，包括：
在堆积于所述颗粒状物质除去过滤器的颗粒状物质的堆积量为预定量以上时，通过所述电子控制单元以即使驾驶者进行顺序换挡操作也不执行换挡地使所述汽车行驶的方式进行控制。
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