CN108611702A - CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备方法及其用途 - Google Patents
CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备方法及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维的制备、TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备、CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备。本发明具有如下有益效果:本发明制备的CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维工艺简单、成本低廉、可大量工业化生产,获得的复合电极材料具有很高的比电容和优越的循环使用稳定性,是一种优良的超级电容器电极材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备方法及其用途,属于纳米材料和电化学领域。
背景技术
超级电容器作为一种新型的储能设备,由于具有快速充放电过程,使用寿命长、能量密度大、环保等优点,被广泛应用于混合动力电动车、大型电子设备、记忆存储设备和可再生能源发电站。如何制备简单、廉价的电极材料,成为超级电容器发展的关键。目前主要有三类材料作为超级电容器的电极。第一类为碳材料及其衍生物,包括颗粒碳、石墨烯、碳纳米管等;第二类为金属化合物及其衍生物,包括金属氧化物、氢氧化物、硫化物及其磷酸盐等;第三类为导电聚合物及其衍生物,包括聚苯胺、聚吡咯、酚醛树脂等。碳材料的比电容较低、导电聚合物容易发生机械降解,限制了其作为超级电容器材料使用。与碳材料和导电聚合物相比,金属化合物虽然导电性差,不仅可以与碳材料一样实现静电储能,还可以通过电化学法拉第反应实现储能。早期金属化合物的研究主要集中在RuO2,然而RuO2价格昂贵,限制了其商业化应用。后来人们采用廉价的金属化合物,如Co、Ni、Fe、Mn等化合物。
与单组分氧化物相比二元镍钴氧化物(NiCo2O4),具有更高的电化学活性、优良的导电性,因此研究者制备了不同形貌的NiCo2O4电极材料,如纳米线、纳米带、NiCo2O4-CNT和、NiCo2O4-氧化石墨烯等。与NiCo2O4相比,NiCo2S4具有更高的比电容、更低的光学禁带能隙和更高的导电性,即氧化还原时具有更多的活性点来实现电荷的快速转移,实际应用中满足快速充放电需求。如何进一步提高NiCo2S4的比电容及其循环稳定性,成为研究的关键。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷,本发明的目的是提供一种CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备方法及其用途。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
本发明提供了一种CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
S1、将三醋酸纤维素和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯溶解于N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺/1,4-二氧六环/丙酮的三元混合溶剂中,溶解后得到形成溶液A;将钛酸异丙酯加入DMF/冰醋酸的二元混合溶剂中,得到溶液B,将所述溶液B加入溶液A中,共混后得到前驱体淬火溶液;
S2、将所述前驱体淬火溶液在-40~-10℃进行淬火后,萃取除去三元混合溶剂和二元混合溶剂,经洗涤、干燥得到TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维;
S3、将所述TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维浸泡于氢氧化钠的乙醇溶液中后,经洗涤、干燥得到纤维素/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维;
S4、将所述纤维素/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维浸泡在丙酮中,除去PMMA后,经洗涤、干燥得到纤维素/TiO2复合多孔纳米纤维;
S5、将所述纤维素/TiO2复合多孔纳米纤维依次经过预氧化、一步碳化、二步碳化和碳热还原,得到TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维;
S6、将硝酸镍、醋酸钴和硫脲溶于去离子水中后,得到溶液C,将所述溶液C转入内衬有聚四氟乙烯的不锈钢管式高压釜中,依次加入所述TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维和去离子水,至不锈钢管式高压釜中容积的80%,以5℃/min的升温速率由室温升温至160~180℃,保温反应后,得到所述CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维。
作为优选方案,所述三元混合溶剂中,N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺、1,4-二氧六环和丙酮的质量比为5:(0.5~1):(0.5~1);所述二元混合溶剂中,DMF和冰醋酸的质量比为15:1。
作为优选方案,所述前驱体淬火溶液中,三醋酸纤维素的质量分数为2~5%,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的质量分数为1~2%,钛酸异丙酯的质量分数为0.4~1%。
作为优选方案,所述预氧化、一步碳化、二步碳化的具体操作为:
在50~100μL/min流量的氮气气氛中,以3~5℃/min的速率由室温升温至300~360℃,保温2h后,保持氮气流量不变,以3~5℃/min的速率由300~360℃升温至700~800℃,保温1h后,保持氮气流量不变,以3℃/min的速率由700~800升温至1000℃,保温1h。
作为优选方案,所述碳热还原的具体操作为:
在50~100μL/min流量的氩气气氛中,以2~3℃/min的速率由1000℃升温至1100~1300℃,保温2h。
一种由前述的制备方法得到的CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维超级电容器中的用途。
本发明的基本原理为:
1、以三醋酸纤维素和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯为聚合物前驱体,通过热致相分离方法制备纳米纤维,纳米纤维的形成主要是聚合物前驱体在溶液中结晶有序规整排列形成纳米纤维结构,得到TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维。
2、将TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维,浸泡在NaOH的乙醇溶液中,将三醋酸纤维素上的乙酰基转变为羟基,即TCA转变为纤维素,由热塑性材料转变为热固性材料,防止其在后续加热过程中发生熔融,无法保持纤维形貌,得到纤维素/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维。
2、前驱体中引入的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,后通过丙酮浸泡方式将其溶解去除,留下多孔结构,得到纤维素/TiO2复合多孔纳米纤维,提高纤维比表面积,并有利于后续镍、钴二元硫化物在纤维上的复合。
3、通过一系列的预氧化、一步碳化和二步碳化使多孔纳米纤维中的纤维素转变为碳纤维,而采用分布碳化法主要是为了提高得碳率。
4、碳热还原主要是通过高温将多孔碳纤维中的部分碳与二氧化钛反应,形成TiC/C多孔纳米纤维。
5、在反应体系中加入TiC/C多孔纳米纤维,通过水热反应将Ni2+和Co2+与硫脲反应生成二元硫化物CoNi2S4,生成的二元硫化物CoNi2S4原位复合到多孔纤维上,得到CoNi2S4/TiC/C多孔纳米纤维。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
1、本发明制备的CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维,尺寸为纳米级的多孔材料,大大提高了材料的比表面积,因此提高电解液与电极材料之间的浸润性。
2、前驱体聚合物中引入PMMA,后采用煅烧将其去除,留下多孔结构,有利于后续CoNi2S4与TiC/C复合纤维的之间的复合。
3、本发明制备的CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维,与单组分镍钴硫化物相比,二元镍钴硫化物(CoNi2S4),具有更高的电化学活性、优良的导电性。
4、CoNi2S4与TiC/C纤维复合后,TiC和C的引入提高了电极材料的电导率、化学稳定性和机械强度。因此大大提高了材料的比电容和循环使用次数。
5、本发明制备的CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维工艺简单、成本低廉、可大量工业化生产,获得的复合电极材料具有很高的比电容和优越的循环使用稳定性,是一种优良的超级电容器电极材料。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显:
图1为本发明中实施例1制备的CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的扫描电镜照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
1)TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维的制备
S1:将2g TCA和1g PMMA溶解在50g DMF、5g 1,4-二氧六环和5g丙酮的三元混合溶剂中,50℃磁力搅拌5h溶解,形成溶液A。将0.4g钛酸异丙酯加入30g DMF、2g冰醋酸混合溶液中,得到溶液B。将溶液B倒入溶液A中,常温下磁力搅拌共混,得到前驱体淬火溶液。
S2:将步骤S1得到的前驱体淬火溶液取倒入培养皿中,将培养皿放入预先预冷至-10℃冰箱中淬火3h。淬火结束后,将培养皿快速取出,将500mL冰水混合物倒入培养皿中,萃取溶液中的DMF、THF、丙酮和冰醋酸溶剂,每隔8h换一次蒸馏水,总共换四次,无水乙醇洗涤3遍,鼓风干燥、真空干燥,得到TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维。
S3:将TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维浸泡在0.05mol/LNaOH乙醇溶液浸泡中24h,将TCA转化为纤维素,蒸馏水洗涤、干燥,得到纤维素/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维。
2)TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备
S1:将纤维素/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维,浸泡在丙酮中,恒温水浴震荡24h,以除去前驱体聚合物PMMA,丙酮洗涤3遍、干燥,得到纤维素/TiO2复合多孔纳米纤维。
S2:将纤维素/TiO2复合多孔纳米纤维,在氮气保护条件下置于气氛炉中,氮气流量为50μL/min,从25℃升温到300℃,升温速率为3℃/min,在该温度下保温2h,从300℃升温到700℃,升温速率为3℃/min,在该温度下保温1h。从700℃升温到1000℃,升温速率为3℃/min,在该温度下保温1h。
S3:通50μL/min氩气条件下,从1000℃升温到1100℃,升温速率为2℃/min,在该温度下保温2h。保温结束后,自然降温至常温,得到TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维。
3)CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备
将0.04gNi(NO2)2·6H2O、0.08g Co(Ac)·4H2O和0.54g硫脲加入20mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌溶解。将溶液倒入50mL内衬为聚四氟乙烯的不锈钢管式高压釜中,依次加入0.05gTiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维,和去离子水至总容量的80%。将高压反应釜置于鼓风箱中,从室温升温至160℃,升温速率为5℃/min,保温12h。反应结束后自然降温至常温,抽滤、洗涤、干燥得到CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维。
本实施例制备的CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的扫描电镜如图1所示。纤维的直径为132±46nm、孔隙率为91.04%、比表面积为215.3m2/g。电流密度为1A/g条件下,比电容为315F/g,循环使用800次后,电容为初始值的89.2%。
实施例2
1)TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维的制备
S1:将2g TCA和1g PMMA溶解在50g DMF、5g 1,4-二氧六环和5g丙酮的三元混合溶剂中,50℃磁力搅拌5h溶解,形成溶液A。将0.4g钛酸异丙酯加入30g DMF、2g冰醋酸混合溶液中,得到溶液B。将溶液B倒入溶液A中,常温下磁力搅拌共混,得到前驱体淬火溶液。
S2:将步骤S1得到的前驱体淬火溶液取倒入培养皿中,将培养皿放入预先预冷至-10℃冰箱中淬火3h。淬火结束后,将培养皿快速取出,将500mL冰水混合物倒入培养皿中,萃取溶液中的DMF、THF、丙酮和冰醋酸溶剂,每隔8h换一次蒸馏水,总共换四次,无水乙醇洗涤3遍,鼓风干燥、真空干燥,得到TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维。
S3:将TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维浸泡在0.05mol/LNaOH乙醇溶液浸泡中24h,将TCA转化为纤维素,蒸馏水洗涤、干燥,得到纤维素/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维。
2)TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备
S1:将纤维素/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维,浸泡在丙酮中,恒温水浴震荡24h,以除去前驱体聚合物PMMA,丙酮洗涤3遍、干燥,得到纤维素/TiO2复合多孔纳米纤维。
S2:将纤维素/TiO2复合多孔纳米纤维,在氮气保护条件下置于气氛炉中,氮气流量为50μL/min。从25℃升温到320℃,升温速率为3℃/min,在该温度下保温2h。从320℃升温到750℃,升温速率为3℃/min,在该温度下保温1h。从750℃升温到1000℃,升温速率为3℃/min,在该温度下保温1h。
S3:通50μL/min氩气条件下,从1000℃升温到1200℃,升温速率为2℃/min,在该温度下保温2h。保温结束后,自然降温至常温,得到TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维。
3)CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备
将0.04gNi(NO3)2·6H2O、0.08g Co(Ac)·4H2O和0.54g硫脲加入20mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌溶解。将溶液倒入50mL内衬为聚四氟乙烯的不锈钢管式高压釜中,依次加入0.05gTiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维,和去离子水至总容量的80%。将高压反应釜置于鼓风箱中,从室温升温至160℃,升温速率为5℃/min,保温12h。反应结束后自然降温至常温,抽滤、洗涤、干燥得到CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维。
本实施例制备的CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维。纤维的直径为122±39nm、孔隙率为93.12%、比表面积为222.9m2/g。电流密度为1A/g条件下,比电容为330F/g,循环使用800次后,电容为初始值的87.2%。
实施例3
1)TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维的制备
S1:将3g TCA和1.5g PMMA溶解在50g DMF、5g 1,4-二氧六环和5g丙酮的三元混合溶剂中,50℃磁力搅拌5h溶解,形成溶液A。将0.6g钛酸异丙酯加入30g DMF、2g冰醋酸混合溶液中,得到B溶液。将B溶液倒入溶液A中,常温下磁力搅拌共混,得到前驱体淬火溶液。
S2:将步骤S1得到的前驱体淬火溶液取倒入培养皿中,将培养皿放入预先预冷至-20℃冰箱中淬火4h。淬火结束后,将培养皿快速取出,将500mL冰水混合物倒入培养皿中,萃取溶液中的DMF、THF、丙酮和冰醋酸溶剂,每隔8h换一次蒸馏水,总共换四次,无水乙醇洗涤3遍,鼓风干燥、真空干燥,得到TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维。
S3:将TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维浸泡在0.1mol/LNaOH乙醇溶液浸泡中24h,将TCA转化为纤维素,蒸馏水洗涤、干燥,得到纤维素/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维。
2)TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备
S1:将纤维素/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维,浸泡在丙酮中,恒温水浴震荡24h,以除去前驱体聚合物PMMA,丙酮洗涤3遍、干燥,得到纤维素/TiO2复合多孔纳米纤维。
S2:将纤维素/TiO2复合多孔纳米纤维,在氮气保护条件下置于气氛炉中,氮气流量为80μL/min。从25℃升温到320℃,升温速率为4℃/min,在该温度下保温2h。从320℃升温到750℃,升温速率为4℃/min,在该温度下保温1h。从750℃升温到1000℃,升温速率为3℃/min,在该温度下保温1h。
S3:通80μL/min氩气条件下,从1000℃升温到1200℃,升温速率为3℃/min,在该温度下保温2h。保温结束后,自然降温至常温,得到TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维。
3)CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备
将0.04gNi(NO3)2·6H2O、0.08g Co(Ac)·4H2O和0.54g硫脲加入20mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌溶解。将溶液倒入50mL内衬为聚四氟乙烯的不锈钢管式高压釜中,依次加入0.1gTiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维,和去离子水至总容量的80%。将高压反应釜置于鼓风箱中,从室温升温至170℃,升温速率为5℃/min,保温12h。反应结束后自然降温至常温,抽滤、洗涤、干燥得到CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维。
本实施例制备的CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的扫描电镜如图1所示。纤维的直径为151±51nm、孔隙率为88.25%、比表面积为201.4m2/g。电流密度为1A/g条件下,比电容为310F/g,循环使用800次后,电容为初始值的90.1%。
实施例4
1)TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维的制备
S1:将4g TCA和1.5g PMMA溶解在45g DMF、9g 1,4-二氧六环和9g丙酮的三元混合溶剂中,50℃磁力搅拌5h溶解,形成溶液A。将0.8g钛酸异丙酯加入30g DMF、2g冰醋酸混合溶液中,得到溶液B。将溶液B倒入溶液A中,常温下磁力搅拌共混,得到前驱体淬火溶液。
S2:将步骤S1得到的前驱体淬火溶液取倒入培养皿中,将培养皿放入预先预冷至-20℃冰箱中淬火4h。淬火结束后,将培养皿快速取出,将500mL冰水混合物倒入培养皿中,萃取溶液中的DMF、THF、丙酮和冰醋酸溶剂,每隔8h换一次蒸馏水,总共换四次,无水乙醇洗涤3遍,鼓风干燥、真空干燥,得到TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维。
S3:将TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维浸泡在0.1mol/LNaOH乙醇溶液浸泡中24h,将TCA转化为纤维素,蒸馏水洗涤、干燥,得到纤维素/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维。
2)TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备
S1:将纤维素/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维,浸泡在丙酮中,恒温水浴震荡24h,以除去前驱体聚合物PMMA,丙酮洗涤3遍、干燥,得到纤维素/TiO2复合多孔纳米纤维。
S2:将纤维素/TiO2复合多孔纳米纤维,在氮气保护条件下置于气氛炉中,氮气流量为80μL/min。从25℃升温到350℃,升温速率为4℃/min,在该温度下保温2h。从350℃升温到800℃,升温速率为4℃/min,在该温度下保温1h。从800℃升温到1000℃,升温速率为3℃/min,在该温度下保温1h。
S3:通100μL/min氩气条件下,从1000℃升温到1250℃,升温速率为3℃/min,在该温度下保温2h。保温结束后,自然降温至常温,得到TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维。
3)CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备
将0.04gNi(NO3)2·6H2O、0.08g Co(Ac)·4H2O和0.54g硫脲加入20mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌溶解。将溶液倒入50mL内衬为聚四氟乙烯的不锈钢管式高压釜中,依次加入0.1gTiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维,和去离子水至总容量的80%。将高压反应釜置于鼓风箱中,从室温升温至170℃,升温速率为5℃/min,保温12h。反应结束后自然降温至常温,抽滤、洗涤、干燥得到CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维。
本实施例制备的CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的扫描电镜如图1所示。纤维的直径为148±36nm、孔隙率为90.18%、比表面积为199.5m2/g。电流密度为1A/g条件下,比电容为290F/g,循环使用800次后,电容为初始值的91.2%。
实施例5
1)TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维的制备
S1:将5g TCA和2g PMMA溶解在45g DMF、9g 1,4-二氧六环和9g丙酮的三元混合溶剂中,50℃磁力搅拌5h溶解,形成溶液A。将0.8g钛酸异丙酯加入30g DMF、2g冰醋酸混合液中,得到溶液B。将溶液B倒入溶液A中,常温下磁力搅拌共混,得到前驱体淬火溶液。
S2:将步骤S1得到的前驱体淬火溶液取倒入培养皿中,将培养皿放入预先预冷至-30℃冰箱中淬火5h。淬火结束后,将培养皿快速取出,将500mL冰水混合物倒入培养皿中,萃取溶液中的DMF、THF、丙酮和冰醋酸溶剂,每隔8h换一次蒸馏水,总共换四次,无水乙醇洗涤3遍,鼓风干燥、真空干燥,得到TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维。
S3:将TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维浸泡在0.15mol/LNaOH乙醇溶液浸泡中24h,将TCA转化为纤维素,蒸馏水洗涤、干燥,得到纤维素/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维。
2)TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备
S1:将纤维素/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维,浸泡在丙酮中,恒温水浴震荡24h,以除去前驱体聚合物PMMA,丙酮洗涤3遍、干燥,得到纤维素/TiO2复合多孔纳米纤维。
S2:将纤维素/TiO2复合多孔纳米纤维,在氮气保护条件下置于气氛炉中,氮气流量为100μL/min。从25℃升温到350℃,升温速率为5℃/min,在该温度下保温2h。从350℃升温到800℃,升温速率为5℃/min,在该温度下保温1h。从800℃升温到1000℃,升温速率为3℃/min,在该温度下保温1h。
S3:通100μL/min氩气条件下,从1000℃升温到1250℃,升温速率为3℃/min,在该温度下保温2h。保温结束后,自然降温至常温,得到TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维。
3)CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备
将0.04gNi(NO3)2·6H2O、0.08g Co(Ac)·4H2O和0.54g硫脲加入20mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌溶解。将溶液倒入50mL内衬为聚四氟乙烯的不锈钢管式高压釜中,依次加入0.1gTiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维,和去离子水至总容量的80%。将高压反应釜置于鼓风箱中,从室温升温至180℃,升温速率为5℃/min,保温12h。反应结束后自然降温至常温,抽滤、洗涤、干燥得到CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维。
本实施例制备的CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的扫描电镜如图1所示。纤维的直径为150±39nm、孔隙率为92.18%、比表面积为210.6m2/g。电流密度为1A/g条件下,比电容为301F/g,循环使用800次后,电容为初始值的88.7%。
对比例1
在实施例1的基础上,未添加PMMA,得到CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合纳米纤维。纤维的直径为165±45nm、孔隙率为78.22%、比表面积为116.2m2/g。电流密度为1A/g条件下,比电容为189.5F/g,循环使用800次后,电容为初始值的85.3%。相比于实施例1,材料的比表面积和孔隙率大幅度降低,因此导致其比电容降低。
对比例2
在实施例1的基础上,步骤3)CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备,只采用加入0.04gNi(NO3)2·6H2O,未加入0.08g Co(Ac)·4H2O,最终只能得到NiS/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维,纤维的直径为136±66nm、孔隙率为90.25%、比表面积为206.1m2/g。电流密度为1A/g条件下,比电容为206.1F/g,循环使用800次后,电容为初始值的88.4%。
对比例3
在实施例1的基础上,步骤3)CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备,只采用加入0.08g Co(Ac)·4H2O,未加入0.04gNi(NO3)2·6H2O,最终只能得到CoS/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维,纤维的直径为138±46nm、孔隙率为89.09%、比表面积为222.1m2/g。电流密度为1A/g条件下,比电容为189F/g,循环使用800次后,电容为初始值的86.2%。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是,本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式,本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变形或修改,这并不影响本发明的实质内容。
Claims (6)
1.一种CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、将三醋酸纤维素和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯溶解于N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺/1,4-二氧六环/丙酮的三元混合溶剂中,溶解后得到形成溶液A;将钛酸异丙酯加入DMF/冰醋酸的二元混合溶剂中,得到溶液B,将所述溶液B加入溶液A中,共混后得到前驱体淬火溶液;
S2、将所述前驱体淬火溶液在-40~-10℃进行淬火后,萃取除去三元混合溶剂和二元混合溶剂,经洗涤、干燥得到TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维;
S3、将所述TCA/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维浸泡于氢氧化钠的乙醇溶液中后,经洗涤、干燥得到纤维素/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维;
S4、将所述纤维素/PMMA/TiO2复合纳米纤维浸泡在丙酮中,除去PMMA后,经洗涤、干燥得到纤维素/TiO2复合多孔纳米纤维;
S5、将所述纤维素/TiO2复合多孔纳米纤维依次经过预氧化、一步碳化、二步碳化和碳热还原,得到TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维;
S6、将硝酸镍、醋酸钴和硫脲溶于去离子水中后,得到溶液C,将所述溶液C转入内衬有聚四氟乙烯的不锈钢管式高压釜中,依次加入所述TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维和去离子水,至不锈钢管式高压釜中容积的80%,以5℃/min的升温速率由室温升温至160~180℃,保温反应后,得到所述CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维。
2.如权利要求1所述的CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述三元混合溶剂中,N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺、1,4-二氧六环和丙酮的质量比为5:(0.5~1):(0.5~1);所述二元混合溶剂中,DMF和冰醋酸的质量比为15:1。
3.如权利要求1所述的CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述前驱体淬火溶液中,三醋酸纤维素的质量分数为2~5%,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的质量分数为1~2%,钛酸异丙酯的质量分数为0.4~1%。
4.如权利要求1所述的CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述预氧化、一步碳化、二步碳化的具体操作为:
在50~100μL/min流量的氮气气氛中,以3~5℃/min的速率由室温升温至300~360℃,保温2h后,保持氮气流量不变,以3~5℃/min的速率由300~360℃升温至700~800℃,保温1h后,保持氮气流量不变,以3℃/min的速率由700~800℃升温至1000℃,保温1h。
5.如权利要求1所述的CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碳热还原的具体操作为:
在50~100μL/min流量的氩气气氛中,以2~3℃/min的速率由1000℃升温至1100~1300℃,保温2h。
6.一种由权利要求1所述的制备方法得到的CoNi2S4/TiC/C复合多孔纳米纤维在超级电容器中的用途。
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