CN108605708A - A kind of implantation methods for reducing pest and disease damage, improving cucumber quality - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods for reducing pest and disease damage, improving cucumber quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN108605708A CN108605708A CN201810277112.XA CN201810277112A CN108605708A CN 108605708 A CN108605708 A CN 108605708A CN 201810277112 A CN201810277112 A CN 201810277112A CN 108605708 A CN108605708 A CN 108605708A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
- A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/34—Rosaceae [Rose family], e.g. strawberry, hawthorn, plum, cherry, peach, apricot or almond
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/36—Rutaceae [Rue family], e.g. lime, orange, lemon, corktree or pricklyash
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- A01N65/48—Zingiberaceae [Ginger family], e.g. ginger or galangal
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods for reducing pest and disease damage, improving cucumber quality.Include the following steps：Seed selection vernalization, nursery, field planting and Cultivate administration.Nursery is reduced the pest and disease damage of seedling raising process and is promoted the healthy growth of seedling using special nutrient soil and sprinkling antimicrobial fluid, improves survival rate of seedling；When fertilising, using root fertilising and foliar fertilizer collocation application, synergistic effect；The method prevention pest and disease damage that physics, chemical various ways combine is taken after field planting, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage.The implantation methods are managed collectively by seedling management, field planting management and Cultivate administration process, and the generation of pest and disease damage, and improves cucumber quality effectively in control protection cucumber production, to reach efficiently, high yield, high-quality, Non-polluted Cucumber plantation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to application technical fields, and in particular to a kind of plantation for reducing pest and disease damage, improving cucumber quality
Method.
Background technology
Cucumber is one of summer main vegetables all over China, very popular, can be edible directly as fruit,
Can be used for making delicious food, cucumber have it is hypoglycemic, anti-oxidant, anti-aging and other effects, also by people as welcome
Beauty food.
With the improvement of living standards, the planting scale of cucumber is gradually expanded.Due to the need of scale and Virtual production
It wants, the drawbacks such as the high multiple crop index of generally existing and continuous cropping for many years, and therefore easily generates root-knot nematode, droop, root rot, blueness
The pest and disease damages such as blight.In order to maintain high yield, vegetable grower to have to by largely controlling cucumber disease using pesticide.In addition, concentrating
Plantation and long-term unreasonable Application Ratio year after year, keep soil nutrient out of proportion, the utilization rate of fertilizer constantly declines, Cai Nongbi
Cucumber high yield must be maintained by putting into a large amount of fertilizer.Due to a large amount of uses of the chemicals such as chemical fertilizer, pesticide, soil is on the one hand caused
Salination, hardened, soil fertility is seriously degenerated, and yield reduces；The drug resistance of another aspect disease pest is more and more stronger, seriously destroys ecology
Balance, has seriously polluted the environment, and chemical residues and pollution problem especially highlight, and destroys biological chain, while with pollutant
Migration and enrichment of the noxious material in food, cause to seriously affect to personal safety.
The understanding to healthy diet and pursuit with people, it is higher and higher to the edible safety and quality requirements of food, because
This, seeks a kind of safe and reliable, not only improves yield, but also the implantation methods of guaranteed quality, has great importance.
Invention content
The goal of the invention of the present invention is, in view of the above-mentioned problems, providing a kind of plantation for reducing pest and disease damage, improving cucumber quality
Method, the generation of pest and disease damage effectively in control protection cucumber production, and improve cucumber quality, to reach efficient, high yield, height
The plantation of matter, Non-polluted Cucumber.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of implantation methods for reducing pest and disease damage, improving cucumber quality, include the following steps：
S1. seed selection, vernalization
High-quality, the full cucumber seeds that seed selection last year is reserved, first clean seed, warm water leaching 10~15 hours, then
Taking-up, which is put into 0.2%~0.5% heteroauxin aqueous solution, impregnates 3~5 hours, and taking-up is rinsed 3~5 times with clear water, then with wet
Cloth, which is wrapped, is placed on 25~28 DEG C of vernalization 3~5 days.
S2. nursery
By step S2, treated that cucumber seeds are seeded in seedlings nursing plate, is after planting laid with the Nutrition Soil of 2~3cm thickness；
Control plantation temperature daytime is 26~28 DEG C during cucumber seedling-raising, and night is 18~20 DEG C, after sowing 5 days, every 2
Spray within~5 days the antimicrobial fluid that mass concentration is 1%~3%, the amount of spraying be every plant 10~15g/ times.
S3. it is colonized
In the same size, 3~5 true leaves cucumber seedling is selected, is colonized when fine day illumination is weaker, cotyledon when field planting pendulum seedling
Direction is consistent, watering；Slow seedling 6~8 days after cucumber seedling field planting, during slow seedling the control of the greenhouse morning on daytime temperature 24~
27 DEG C, in 20~24 DEG C of afternoon, at 18~20 DEG C of night, watering reaches soil saturation degree 75~85%.
S4. Cultivate administration
Fertilising：It is colonized after-applied base manure and soil insecticide.
Then, applied once every 5~10 days, organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer, then foliage spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer, described
Selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer includes potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, selenium fertilizer, micro- fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
Insect-pest：Insect pest is reduced using fly net, one yellow plate for coating machine oil of every 15 square metres of extensions traps and kills trialeurodes vaporariorum.
Before arriving first melon picking of plant base portion after field planting, the antimicrobial fluid for being 3%~5% with mass concentration every 4~6 days
Spray plant, the amount of spraying be every plant 20~50g/ times.
As a result after, biomass insecticide was sprayed every 4~6 days.
Preferably, in step S2, the Nutrition Soil includes following raw material according to parts by weight：50~55 parts of soil, decomposed fertile 8
~15 parts, 5~10 parts of turfy soil, 5~10 parts of weathered coal, 5~10 parts of bone meal, it is 8~15 parts of wormcast, 3~5 parts of molasses, inorganic
Fertile 3~5 parts, 0.5~1 part of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Preferably, in step S2 and S4, the antimicrobial fluid includes following raw material according to parts by weight：Malus spectabilis extracting solution 1~5
Part, 1~5 part of allicin, 3~8 parts of rose of Sharon extracting solution, 1~3 part of felwort extracting solution, 1~3 part of radix stellariae dichotomae extracting solution, lemon oil
2~4 parts.
Preferably, in step S4, the soil insecticide includes following raw material according to parts by weight：Biennial wormwood extract 1~5
Part, 10~15 parts of wolf's fang soap, 5~8 parts of medicine fish Teng, 3~10 parts of oleander extract, 3~6 parts of cypermethrin, organic silicon emulsion
15~20 parts and 50~60 parts of ethyl acetate.
Preferably, in step S4, the composite fertilizer is including being 5~8 in mass ratio:1~3:5~8 urea, phospho-ammonium fertilizer and
Potassium sulphate fertilizer.
Preferably, in step S4, the selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer is including being 1~3 in mass ratio:1~2:0.1~0.3:0.05~
0.2:6~10 potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, micro- fertilizer, selenium fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
Preferably, in step S4, the biomass insecticide includes following component according to parts by weight：2~5 parts of honeysuckle,
1~5 part of mulberry leaves, 1~3 part of Chinese lobelia, 5~10 parts of purslane, 5~10 parts of alternanthera, 5~10 parts of Chinese prickly ash, eucalyptus oil 2~5
Part, 5~10 parts of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), 1~5 part of tobacco, 2~4 parts of ginkgo leaf, 2~4 parts of cloves, 1~3 part of ginger, 2~5 parts of nimbin,
1~3 part of emulsifier, 30~40 parts of water.
Preferably, in step S4, micro- fertilizer includes following component：Calcium 4~6%, potassium 5~10%, zinc 1~3%, iron 1
~3%, magnesium 2~4%, copper 0.2~1%, manganese 0.2~1%, cobalt 0.01~0.05%, iodine 0.01~0.05%, selenium 0.01~
0.03%, molybdenum 0.01~0.03%, chromium 0.01~0.03%, surplus is water.
Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that：
1. the implantation methods that the present invention reduces pest and disease damage, improves cucumber quality, pass through seedling management, field planting management and plantation
Management process is managed collectively, the generation of pest and disease damage effectively in control protection cucumber production, and improves cucumber quality, high to reach
Effect, high yield, high-quality, Non-polluted Cucumber plantation.
It first uses warm water and heteroauxin to impregnate cucumber seeds, the germ on cucumber seeds surface can be effectively eliminated, increase cucumber
Plantation survival rate；Nursery is reduced the pest and disease damage of seedling raising process and is promoted seedling using special nutrient soil and sprinkling antimicrobial fluid
Healthy growth, lay a good foundation for later field planting.Take the method that physics, chemical various ways combine anti-after field planting
It cures the disease insect pest, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage.
Soil insecticide takes plurality of Chinese to mix, and utilization rate is high, and desinsection and antibacterial effect are more preferable, and pharmacological property is mild,
Worm in soil, bacterium, ovum can be effectively killed, and free from environmental pollution, had no toxic side effect substantially to people and animals, the lasting period is long,
Dosage is low, safe.Biomass insecticide can kill blade face and melon and fruit insect pest, without being damaged to human body, safety
Property it is high.Wherein, the ingredients such as nimbin in neem tree leaf be wide spectrum recognized in the world, it is efficient, less toxic, degradable, without residual
The insecticide stayed and no drug resistance, to nearly all plant insect, indoor bedbug, flea, fly, mosquito etc., which all have, to be killed
Effect.
It,, can be using special nutrient soil when nursery 2. the implantation methods that the present invention reduces pest and disease damage, improves cucumber quality
Enough nutrition is provided when melon and fruit seed seedling-raising, promotes seed germination rate.Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are in addition to promoting seedling root to nutritional ingredient
Absorption, prevent outside the loss of fertilizer, soil aggregate structure can also be improved, prevent soil hardened in water shortage, it is saturating when water is more
The disadvantage of gas difference；Weathered coal contains there are many inorganic oxide, lighter weight and water imbibition is strong, solves the viscous weight of Nutrition Soil not
The problem of ventilation, improves the nursery effect of Nutrition Soil；Inorganic fertilizer and decomposed fertilizer can provide more nutrient inorganic salts, further
Improve nursery effect.
3. the implantation methods that the present invention reduces pest and disease damage, improves cucumber quality, when fertilising, using root fertilising and foliar fertilizer
Collocation application, synergistic effect is better, can improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and promote the growth of fruit.It is added in foliar fertilizer
There are selenium fertilizer and micro- fertilizer, provides required trace element and selenium element for cucumber growth, prevent because caused by lacking trace element
Various diseases, and improve the edible value of cucumber and improve mouthfeel.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of implantation methods for reducing pest and disease damage, improving cucumber quality, include the following steps：
S1. seed selection, vernalization
High-quality, the full cucumber seeds that seed selection last year is reserved, first clean seed, and warm water soaks 12 hours, then takes out
It is put into 0.3% heteroauxin aqueous solution and impregnates 4 hours, taking-up is rinsed 4 times with clear water, then is wrapped with wet cloth and be placed on 25~28 DEG C
Vernalization 4 days.
S2. nursery
By step S2, treated that cucumber seeds are seeded in seedlings nursing plate, is after planting laid with the Nutrition Soil of 2~3cm thickness；Institute
It includes following raw material that Nutrition Soil, which is stated, according to parts by weight：52 parts of soil, fertile 10 parts decomposed, 8 parts of turfy soil, 8 parts of weathered coal, bone meal 8
Part, 10 parts of wormcast, 4 parts of molasses, 4 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 0.6 part of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Control plantation temperature daytime is 26~28 DEG C during cucumber seedling-raising, and night is 18~20 DEG C, after sowing 5 days, every 2
Spray within~5 days the antimicrobial fluid that mass concentration is 2%, the amount of spraying be every plant 10g/ times.
The antimicrobial fluid includes following raw material according to parts by weight：3 parts of Malus spectabilis extracting solution, 3 parts of allicin, rose of Sharon extracting solution 6
Part, 2 parts of felwort extracting solution, 2 parts of radix stellariae dichotomae extracting solution, 3 parts of lemon oil.
S3. it is colonized
In the same size, 3~5 true leaves cucumber seedling is selected, is colonized when fine day illumination is weaker, cotyledon when field planting pendulum seedling
Direction is consistent, watering；Slow seedling 7 days after cucumber seedling field planting, the control of the greenhouse morning on daytime temperature is 24~27 during slow seedling
DEG C, in 20~24 DEG C of afternoon, at 18~20 DEG C of night, watering reaches soil saturation degree 75~85%.
S4. Cultivate administration
Fertilising：It is colonized after-applied base manure and soil insecticide.The soil insecticide includes following raw material according to parts by weight：
3 parts of biennial wormwood extract, 12 parts of wolf's fang soap, 6 parts of medicine fish Teng, 5 parts of oleander extract, 4 parts of cypermethrin, 18 parts of organic silicon emulsion
With 55 parts of ethyl acetate.
Then, applied once every 5~10 days, organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer, then foliage spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer, described
Selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer includes potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, selenium fertilizer, micro- fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
The composite fertilizer is including being 6 in mass ratio:3:7 urea, phospho-ammonium fertilizer and potassium sulphate fertilizer.
Micro- fertilizer includes following component：Calcium 4~6%, potassium 5~10%, zinc 1~3%, iron 1~3%, magnesium 2~4%, copper
0.2~1%, manganese 0.2~1%, cobalt 0.01~0.05%, iodine 0.01~0.05%, selenium 0.01~0.03%, molybdenum 0.01~
0.03%, chromium 0.01~0.03%, surplus is water.
Insect-pest：Insect pest is reduced using fly net, one yellow plate for coating machine oil of every 15 square metres of extensions traps and kills trialeurodes vaporariorum.
Before arriving first melon picking of plant base portion after field planting, the antimicrobial fluid for being 4% with mass concentration every 4~6 days sprays
Plant, the amount of spraying be every plant 50g/ times.
As a result after, biomass insecticide was sprayed every 4~6 days.The biomass insecticide includes following according to parts by weight
Ingredient：3 parts of honeysuckle, 2 parts of mulberry leaves, 2 parts of Chinese lobelia, 8 parts of purslane, 6 parts of alternanthera, 6 parts of Chinese prickly ash, 3 parts of eucalyptus oil, lemon
6 parts of grass, 4 parts of tobacco, 3 parts of ginkgo leaf, 3 parts of cloves, 2 parts of ginger, 3 parts of nimbin, 2 parts of emulsifier, 35 parts of water.
Embodiment 2
A kind of implantation methods for reducing pest and disease damage, improving cucumber quality, include the following steps：
S1. seed selection, vernalization
High-quality, the full cucumber seeds that seed selection last year is reserved, first clean seed, and warm water soaks 15 hours, then takes out
It is put into 0.5% heteroauxin aqueous solution and impregnates 3 hours, taking-up is rinsed~5 times with clear water, then is wrapped with wet cloth and be placed on 25~28
DEG C vernalization 5 days.
S2. nursery
By step S2, treated that cucumber seeds are seeded in seedlings nursing plate, is after planting laid with the Nutrition Soil of 2~3cm thickness；Institute
It includes following raw material that Nutrition Soil, which is stated, according to parts by weight：55 parts of soil, fertile 15 parts decomposed, 5 parts of turfy soil, 10 parts of weathered coal, bone meal
10 parts, 15 parts of wormcast, 3 parts of molasses, 3 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 0.5 part of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Control plantation temperature daytime is 26~28 DEG C during cucumber seedling-raising, and night is 18~20 DEG C, after sowing 5 days, every 2
Spray within~5 days the antimicrobial fluid that mass concentration is 3%, the amount of spraying be every plant 15g/ times.
The antimicrobial fluid includes following raw material according to parts by weight：5 parts of Malus spectabilis extracting solution, 5 parts of allicin, rose of Sharon extracting solution 3
Part, 3 parts of felwort extracting solution, 3 parts of radix stellariae dichotomae extracting solution, 4 parts of lemon oil.
S3. it is colonized
In the same size, 3~5 true leaves cucumber seedling is selected, is colonized when fine day illumination is weaker, cotyledon when field planting pendulum seedling
Direction is consistent, watering；Slow seedling 8 days after cucumber seedling field planting, the control of the greenhouse morning on daytime temperature is 24~27 during slow seedling
DEG C, in 20~24 DEG C of afternoon, at 18~20 DEG C of night, watering reaches soil saturation degree 75~85%.
S4. Cultivate administration
Fertilising：It is colonized after-applied base manure and soil insecticide.The soil insecticide includes following raw material according to parts by weight：
1 part of biennial wormwood extract, 15 parts of wolf's fang soap, 5 parts of medicine fish Teng, 10 parts of oleander extract, 3 parts of cypermethrin, organic silicon emulsion 20
50 parts of part and ethyl acetate.
Then, applied once every 5~10 days, organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer, then foliage spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer, described
Selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer includes potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, selenium fertilizer, micro- fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
The composite fertilizer is including being 5 in mass ratio:3:8 urea, phospho-ammonium fertilizer and potassium sulphate fertilizer.
Micro- fertilizer includes following component：Calcium 4~6%, potassium 5~10%, zinc 1~3%, iron 1~3%, magnesium 2~4%, copper
0.2~1%, manganese 0.2~1%, cobalt 0.01~0.05%, iodine 0.01~0.05%, selenium 0.01~0.03%, molybdenum 0.01~
0.03%, chromium 0.01~0.03%, surplus is water.
Insect-pest：Insect pest is reduced using fly net, one yellow plate for coating machine oil of every 15 square metres of extensions traps and kills trialeurodes vaporariorum.
Before arriving first melon picking of plant base portion after field planting, the antimicrobial fluid for being 5% with mass concentration every 4~6 days sprays
Plant, the amount of spraying be every plant 20g/ times.
As a result after, biomass insecticide was sprayed every 4~6 days.The biomass insecticide includes following according to parts by weight
Ingredient：5 parts of honeysuckle, 5 parts of mulberry leaves, 1 part of Chinese lobelia, 10 parts of purslane, 5 parts of alternanthera, 6 parts of Chinese prickly ash, 5 parts of eucalyptus oil, lemon
5 parts of lemon grass, 3 parts of tobacco, 3 parts of ginkgo leaf, 2 parts of cloves, 3 parts of ginger, 5 parts of nimbin, 1 part of emulsifier, 30 parts of water.
Comparative example 1
A kind of green cucumber method, step S1, S2 and S3 is identical, and step S4 uses only use composite fertilizer and organic fertilizer root
Fertilising, insecticide do not use soil insecticide, spray common insecticides.
Comparative example 2
A kind of green cucumber method, step S1, S3 and S4 is identical, and seedling raising process does not spray antimicrobial fluid and Nutrition Soil.
It is chosen respectively with area, with the experimental plot of area, cucumber is planted according to the method for embodiment 1-2 and comparative example 1-2,
And calculate the illness rate, (conduct pair in one week of selection harvest time of lopsided melon ratio after nursery illness rate, survival rate of seedling, field planting
Than), mouthfeel, residue of pesticide (organophosphor) and per mu yield, data such as the following table 1.
Comparative example data do not compare the different embodiments of table 1
From the data of embodiment 1-2, comparative example 1-2 and table 1, it can be deduced that, implantation methods plantation using the present invention is yellow
Melon improves survival rate of seedling and reduces illness rate after field planting, and per mu yield improves 10~20%, and taste and sweet mouthfeel is not bitter, abnormal
Shape melon ratio reduces, and edible safety is high.
Above description is the detailed description for the present invention preferably possible embodiments, but embodiment is not limited to this hair
Bright patent claim.The same changes or modifications change completed under technical concept suggested by all present invention, should all belong to
In the covered the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of implantation methods for reducing pest and disease damage, improving cucumber quality, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1. seed selection, vernalization
High-quality, the full cucumber seeds that seed selection last year is reserved, first clean seed, and warm water soaks 10~15 hours, then takes out
It is put into 0.2%~0.5% heteroauxin aqueous solution and impregnates 3~5 hours, taking-up is rinsed 3~5 times with clear water, then with wet cloth packet
It is placed on 25~28 DEG C of vernalization 3~5 days well；
S2. nursery
By step S2, treated that cucumber seeds are seeded in seedlings nursing plate, is after planting laid with the Nutrition Soil of 2~3cm thickness；
Control plantation temperature daytime is 26~28 DEG C during cucumber seedling-raising, and night is 18~20 DEG C, after sowing 5 days, every 2~5
It sprays the antimicrobial fluid that mass concentration is 1%~3%, the amount of spraying be every plant 10~15g/ times；
S3. it is colonized
In the same size, 3~5 true leaves cucumber seedling is selected, is colonized when fine day illumination is weaker, cotyledon direction when field planting pendulum seedling
It is consistent, waters；Slow seedling 6~8 days after cucumber seedling field planting, the control of the greenhouse morning on daytime temperature is 24~27 during slow seedling
DEG C, in 20~24 DEG C of afternoon, at 18~20 DEG C of night, watering reaches soil saturation degree 75~85%；
S4. Cultivate administration
Fertilising：It is colonized after-applied base manure and soil insecticide；
Then, applied primary, organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer every 5~10 days, then foliage spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer, the selenium-rich
Foliar fertilizer includes potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, selenium fertilizer, micro- fertilizer and organic fertilizer；
Insect-pest：Insect pest is reduced using fly net, one yellow plate for coating machine oil of every 15 square metres of extensions traps and kills trialeurodes vaporariorum；
Before arriving first melon picking of plant base portion after field planting, the antimicrobial fluid for being 3%~5% with mass concentration every 4~6 days sprays
Plant, the amount of spraying be every plant 20~50g/ times；
As a result after, biomass insecticide was sprayed every 4~6 days.
2. the implantation methods according to claim 1 for reducing pest and disease damage, improving cucumber quality, which is characterized in that step S2
In, the Nutrition Soil includes following raw material according to parts by weight：50~55 parts of soil, fertile 8~15 parts decomposed, 5~10 parts of turfy soil,
5~10 parts of weathered coal, 5~10 parts of bone meal, 8~15 parts of wormcast, 3~5 parts of molasses, 3~5 parts of inorganic fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria 0.5~1
Part.
3. the implantation methods according to claim 1 for reducing pest and disease damage, improving cucumber quality, which is characterized in that step S2
In S4, the antimicrobial fluid includes following raw material according to parts by weight：1~5 part of Malus spectabilis extracting solution, 1~5 part of allicin, the rose of Sharon carry
Take 3~8 parts of liquid, 1~3 part of felwort extracting solution, 1~3 part of radix stellariae dichotomae extracting solution, 2~4 parts of lemon oil.
4. the implantation methods according to claim 1 for reducing pest and disease damage, improving cucumber quality, which is characterized in that step S4
In, the soil insecticide includes following raw material according to parts by weight：1~5 part of biennial wormwood extract, 10~15 parts of wolf's fang soap, medicine fish
5~8 parts of Teng, 3~10 parts of oleander extract, 3~6 parts of cypermethrin, 15~20 parts of organic silicon emulsion and ethyl acetate 50~
60 parts.
5. the implantation methods according to claim 1 for reducing pest and disease damage, improving cucumber quality, which is characterized in that step S4
In, the composite fertilizer is including being 5~8 in mass ratio:1~3:5~8 urea, phospho-ammonium fertilizer and potassium sulphate fertilizer.
6. the implantation methods according to claim 1 for reducing pest and disease damage, improving cucumber quality, which is characterized in that step S4
In, the selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer is including being 1~3 in mass ratio:1~2:0.1~0.3:0.05~0.2:6~10 potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer,
Micro- fertilizer, selenium fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
7. the implantation methods according to claim 1 for reducing pest and disease damage, improving cucumber quality, which is characterized in that step S4
In, the biomass insecticide includes following component according to parts by weight：2~5 parts of honeysuckle, 1~5 part of mulberry leaves, Chinese lobelia 1~
3 parts, 5~10 parts of purslane, 5~10 parts of alternanthera, 5~10 parts of Chinese prickly ash, 2~5 parts of eucalyptus oil, 5~10 parts of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), tobacco 1
~5 parts, 2~4 parts of ginkgo leaf, 2~4 parts of cloves, 1~3 part of ginger, 2~5 parts of nimbin, 1~3 part of emulsifier, water 30~40
Part.
8. the implantation methods according to claim 1 for reducing pest and disease damage, improving cucumber quality, which is characterized in that step S4
In, micro- fertilizer includes following component：Calcium 4~6%, potassium 5~10%, zinc 1~3%, iron 1~3%, magnesium 2~4%, copper 0.2~
1%, manganese 0.2~1%, cobalt 0.01~0.05%, iodine 0.01~0.05%, selenium 0.01~0.03%, molybdenum 0.01~0.03%, chromium
0.01~0.03%, surplus is water.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114041387A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-15 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所（宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室） | Planting management method for improving commodity rate of greenhouse cucumbers |
| CN114451095A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-10 | 重庆市林业科学研究院 | Method for improving germination rate of cinnamomum pantherinum seeds |
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