CN108534758B - Based on the twin-engined landform observing device of mechanical fine adjustment - Google Patents
Based on the twin-engined landform observing device of mechanical fine adjustment Download PDFInfo
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- CN108534758B CN108534758B CN201810315228.8A CN201810315228A CN108534758B CN 108534758 B CN108534758 B CN 108534758B CN 201810315228 A CN201810315228 A CN 201810315228A CN 108534758 B CN108534758 B CN 108534758B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
- G01C11/04—Interpretation of pictures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
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Abstract
The invention belongs to research soil and water conservation engineering device technique fields, are related to a kind of device for the observation of slope surface geomorphic evolution process dynamics.Two hosts issue parallel, contour and overlapped laser plane from different directions, project in slope surface landform.Image collecting device casts the slope surface landform of above-mentioned laser rays with the angle shot perpendicular to laser plane, forms video interception and is imported into computer formation 3 dimensional drawing, and then calculates the parameters such as slopes volume, the slope surface gradient.The present apparatus realizes the accurate adjusting equidistant, parallel to laser rays plane by the knob of the mechanical fine adjustment device in rotation landforms instrument host.The present apparatus passes through the worm screw handle knob in the fixing bolt and screen box on observation bracket, movement and rotation of the control for the video camera of Image Acquisition.One word instrument spacing of laser and angle can be easily calibrated the present invention provides a kind of, and can accurately observe the novel landforms instrument for corroding all landforms including local zanjon in slope surface.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to research soil and water conservation engineering device technique fields, are related to a kind of for the sight of slope surface geomorphic evolution process dynamics
The device of survey.
Background technique
Due to the complexity of phenomenon of soil erosion, seeking reliable method is observed analysis to erosion landform more in research
To obtain its genesis mechanism.The observation method of the domestic and international soil erosion is taken a broad view of, investigation method after rain can be summarized as and is moved in the rain
Two kinds of state observation method.Investigation method is the geomorphic feature after rainfall by inquiry after rain, the anti-method for pushing away soil erosion amount.Such as Yang Ji
The observation Yang Ji mountain to the Qiao Gou small watershed mass erosion of Shaanxi Suide such as mountain, Yao Wenyi, Wang Lingling loess channel mass erosion rule
Rule and mechanism study [J] people the Yellow River, 2014,36:93-96.Recently, Jie of the contactless measurements such as laser scanner
Enter, make it possible the monitoring of the high-risk landform in mass erosion scene, such as the research Tang Hui of Tang Hui, Chen Zhanpeng et al., Li Zhanbin, Lee
Roc, Tang Shanshan, Ren Zongping, the quantization of Zhang Jun simulated rainfall descending micro-terrain and its relationship with runoff and sediment, agricultural engineering
Report, 2015,31:127-133；The Wenchuan Chen Zhanpeng, Lei Tingwu, Yan Qinghong, Hu Heng, Xiong Mingbiao, Li Zhenlin earthquake region Landslide deposit body
The erosion caused by sloping surfaces method for measuring and calculating, agricultural mechanical journal, 2014,45:195-200.But when being observed using laser scanner, part is deep
Ditch and dell are likely to become scanning dead angle, need mend by hand using total station and survey.Since investigation method is easier reality after rain
It applies, is common method in current water and soil conservation industry.But in time rainfall or after preceding rainfall several times, whereabouts
A part is washed away by water flow in slumped mass, or can be deposited in Caved ore body from the part soil that upstream inputs, to cause
Observation error.Dynamic observation method refers in soil erosion event generating process in the rain, corrodes generating process by continuous observation
With eroded deposit volume morphing, the type and its erosion amount of the comprehensive descision soil erosion.This method can monitor soil generation
Process, but enforcement difficulty is very big, and related research result is seldom.The first invention people of this patent and its team at place, utilize knot
Structure light technology has developed the dynamic observation instrument of erosion landform --- landforms instrument.The team develops between 2009 to 2013
3 generation landforms instrument model machines of success obtain 6 authorization national inventing patents, realize the rainfall simulation test slope Zhong Gou mass erosion process
Quantitative, dynamic observe, burst in 5139003 model test of state natural sciences fund key project presided over such as professor Zhang Hongwu
The related examination of project of national nature science fund project 51079016 that the observation of dam erosion quantity and the first invention people of this patent preside over
The mass erosion observation tested.
But there are still following disadvantages for above-mentioned landforms instrument: if 1 after the landforms instrument host of testing ground is moved to,
The position of one word instrument of laser, angle may change in host, i.e., contour, the parallel laser plane that landforms instrument host issues can occur
Large error.After therefore needing to the position of one word instrument of laser and angle are calibrated in host, host can be just relocated,
For test observation, and the calibration of above-mentioned landforms instrument is cumbersome, time-consuming, it would be highly desirable to improve.2 in the slope mass erosion of loess ditch
During rainfall simulation test, narrow, deep, recessed dissected valley will form.The laser plane that single landforms instrument host issues no matter from
Which angle enters dissected valley and is likely to be disconnected, and can not observe recessed dissected valley landforms comprehensively.In view of the above problems, the application
Original landforms instrument observation technology is subjected to upgrading improvement, proposes the dynamic observation side of double host conjunction measuring ditch slope slump processes
Method, and devised again for the pinpoint mechanical fine adjustment device of one word instrument of laser and can be realized pinpoint image and adopt
Acquisition means.The landforms instrument model machine designed and produced according to above-mentioned thought completes the loess in state natural sciences fund 51179021
The test of ditch slope mass erosion process-field.Test result confirms: improved landforms instrument more convenient operation, and corrodes ditch slope
The observation scope of journey more fully, accuracy of observation it is higher.The application is quasi- to apply for a patent the current improved core technology of landforms instrument
Protection.
Summary of the invention
One word instrument spacing of laser and angle, and energy can be easily calibrated the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of
Accurately the novel landforms instrument of all landforms including local zanjon in slope surface is corroded in observation.
Technical scheme is as follows:
One kind is based on the twin-engined landform observing device of mechanical fine adjustment, including double hosts, image collecting device and attached sets
It applies；
Double hosts issue parallel, equidistant laser stripe 5 from different directions, project in gully-slope land shape 4, simultaneously
Dynamic observation, and the laser plane overlapping that double hosts issue are carried out to gully-slope land shape erosion landform evolution process；Double hosts and figure
As acquisition device cooperation acquisition gully-slope land shape contour map, slopes threedimensional model is formed, realizes gully-slope land shape slump in rainfall
The dynamic of journey is observed；
Double hosts are mainly by one word instrument 13 of laser, mechanical fine adjustment device, power supply line 14, main floor 17, removable
The rain cover 12 and screw 16 unloaded is constituted；Double hosts connect power supply box 2, and fixed by metab 3；One word instrument of laser, 13 He
Mechanical fine adjustment device is placed in dismountable rain cover 12, and dismountable rain cover 12 is fixed on main floor 17 by screw 16；
The mechanical fine adjustment device includes support rod, laser head adjusting knob 20, worm screw 18,15 and of worm screw handle knob
Turbine 19；Multiple mechanical fine adjustment devices are fixed on main floor 17, the corresponding fixed mechanical fine adjustment of each one word instrument 13 of laser
Device, one word instrument 13 of laser, which to surrounding is tested gully-slope land shape 4 and projects one group respectively, to be parallel to each other and horizontal laser light item at equal intervals
Line；Mechanical fine adjustment device is equidistant, is fixedly disposed on twin-engined cabinet in parallel and by main floor 17, and support distance between tie rods is
For the spacing of laser contour plane；
The one word instrument 13 of laser is fixed on post upper, and support rod lower end is fixed on main floor 17, laser one
Laser plane is tuned into level by laser head adjusting knob 20 thereon by word instrument 13；Turbine 19 passes through support rod and fixation；Band
The worm screw 18 of worm screw handle knob 15 is hinged by screw thread with turbine 19；Rotary worm handle knob 15, passes through revolving wormgear 19
With the transmission of worm screw 18, rotate one word instrument 13 of laser a little centered on support rod, to make all one word instrument 13 of laser
Axis and 17 precise perpendicularity of main floor；After the adjusting of laser head adjusting knob 20 and worm screw handle knob 15, double host hairs
Laser plane group out projects in gully-slope land shape 4, will form one group of equidistant, parallel laser rays；
Two cover boards are vertically fixed on main floor 17, are located at mechanical fine adjustment device two sides, are provided safe space for it；
The image collecting device includes video camera 11, computer 6, bracket 9 and the video box for fixing video camera
26；
The bracket 9 is height-adjustable four leg brackets, is bolted on stub；The two of bracket 9 are horizontal
Bar is equipped with multipair support rail fixation hole 24, for fixing support rail 8；The supporting leg of bracket 9 is two sections of nested structures, thereon
Equipped with equidistant connecting hole 7, it is connected to one by bolt 23；Supporting leg is fixed on pedestal 22；The support rail 8
Perpendicular to the cross bar of bracket 9, one end is suspended from outside bracket 9；The pulley 10 with card slot 21 is mounted on the following table of support rail 8
Face, pulley 10 are connected with screen box 26, and screen box 26 is moved forward and backward along the card slot 21 of support rail 8；Video camera 11 is installed
In video box 26, video camera 11 is carried out with gully-slope land shape 4 of the angle perpendicular to laser plane to projection parallel laser striped
Shooting；Video camera 11 is connected by data line with computer 6, and the data acquired pass to computer 6；
The affiliated facility includes power supply box and supply lines；There are transformer group and battery in power supply box, it will be outside 220V
The light current power supply that power supply is converted to 6~8V is connect, is powered for one word instrument 13 of laser；In no external power supply, pass through battery
For the power supply of one word instrument 13 of laser.
The bolt of 9 fixed transverse rod of releases clamp, the screen box 26 for making cross bar and being fixed on cross bar are left in the horizontal direction
It moves right；The bolt on cross bar is unclamped, screen box is pushed to be moved forward and backward along the card slot 21 of cross bar；It unclamps and fixes spiral shell on stub
Bolt pushes the moving up and down in the vertical direction of screen box 26；The worm screw handle knob 15 in screen box 26 is rotated, video camera is made
11 are rotated a little centered on support rod, adjust the sight angle of video camera 11, issue video camera sight and double hosts sharp
Optical plane is vertical；
After laser contour imports the generalized information system of computer in video interception, it is endowed height value, forms 3 D stereo
Figure, and then calculate slopes volume and the slope surface gradient.Slopes occur to corrode the volume differences of front and back, and as this erosion event is invaded
Erosion amount.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1. pair landforms instrument host carries out dynamic observation to the geomorphic evolution process of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces simultaneously, local landform is compensated for
The problem of laser rays is blocked realizes that erosion process is monitored without dead angle.
2. the launch angle of one word instrument of laser and its fixation position of mainboard by rotation micromatic setting in it is vertical and
WidFin knob realizes, one Xiang Pinghang of any of them or adjusts all will not influence another tune completed at equal intervals
Section, and the adjusting to any one mechanical fine adjustment device in host, all will not influence other laser for having been completed adjusting
The position of mainboard and the Laser emission angle of the one word instrument of laser where one word instrument.
3. the image collecting device of design realizes video camera in the accurate adjusting of the comprehensive translation of three-dimensional space and rotation.
Rely on the landforms instrument of above-mentioned Technology design production that the mass erosion process testing observation of more than 100 rainfalls, test knot has been completed
Fruit confirms the feasibility and reliability of the technology.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is double host work schematic illustrations.
Fig. 2 is landforms instrument host cross-sectional view.
Fig. 3 is the mechanical fine adjustment schematic device for one word instrument of laser.
Fig. 4 is image collecting device schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the micromatic setting schematic diagram for image collecting device.
In figure: 1 (a) first host；1 (b) second host；2 power supply boxs；3 metabs；4 gully-slope land shapes；It is 5 parallel, etc. between
Away from laser stripe；6 computers；7 equidistant connecting holes；8 support rails；9 brackets；10 pulleys；11 video cameras；12 is dismountable
Rain cover；13 laser, one word instrument；14 power supply lines；15 worm screw handle knobs；16 screws；17 main floors；18 worm screws；19 rotation whirlpools
Wheel；20 laser head adjusting knobs；21 card slots；22 pedestals；23 bolts；24 support rail fixation holes；25 turbines；26 screen boxes.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated with Figure of description combined with specific embodiments below.
By taking Shenmu County's Liudaogou catchment mass erosion test as an example, illustrate a kind of based on the twin-engined landforms of mechanical fine adjustment
The specific implementation step of observation device:
Step 1: the mechanical fine adjustment stage of landforms instrument
Support rod with revolving wormgear 19 is fixed on main floor 17, and one word instrument 13 of laser is bolted on band whirlpool
The top of the support rod of wheel, worm screw 18 are hinged by screw thread with revolving wormgear 19；Rotate the worm screw handle being fixed on side plate
Knob 15 can be such that one word instrument 13 of laser rotates centered on support rod, realize that one word instrument 13 of laser is incident upon in plane to be measured
Laser rays is equidistant, degree of regulation 1mm.The laser head vernier knob 20 of one word instrument of rotary laser, 13 front end, may be implemented to swash
360 ° of rotations of light, rotation degree of regulation are 1 ° of parallel adjusting.The phase of laser rays may be implemented by this mechanical fine adjustment device
The mutually parallel separation for adjusting and equidistantly adjusting, does not interfere with each other between the two.Make them when being finely adjusted to one word instrument 13 of laser
After the laser rays of transmitting is parallel to each other and is equidistant, dismountable rain cover 12 is mounted on main floor 17 by screw 16.It is double
One word instrument 13 of laser on host has the characteristics that high reliablity, stability is strong, strong interference immunity, long service life.Red swashs
The diameter of one word instrument 13 of light only 16mm, it is contemplated that service life up to 10000-12000 hours.
Step 2: the Ground arrangement stage of double host conjunction measuring mass erosion processes
Double hosts are separately mounted on symmetrical 2 metabs 3 of center line, and are tested landform to surrounding and are thrown respectively
It penetrates one group to be parallel to each other and the equidistant horizontal laser light striped 5 of 30mm, these laser stripes are by the camera shooting perpendicular to laser plane
Machine 11 records.Make double hosts symmetrically and on the horizontal plane of the same elevation in installation process, to guarantee double hosts difference
The equidistant lasing area projected, intersection partly overlap.Power supply box 2 is powered by power supply line 14 to one word instrument 13 of laser.Band
There is the video camera 11 of laser sight to be fixed on the bracket 9 of image collecting device, and the sight of laser sight is parallel to
The sight of video camera 11.The method can dynamically observe 4 slump process of gully-slope land shape in rainfall simulation test, this measuring system in real time
The ditch slope wide 3~5m of 4 observation scope, high 1.5~2m.
Step 3: image collecting device installation
Observation bracket 9 is fixed on stub by pedestal 22, is fixed with support rail 8 in Founder thereon, on support rail 8
There is installation to have the screen box 26 of video camera 11.Pulley 10 with card slot 21 is mounted on the lower surface of support rail 8,10 He of pulley
Screen box 26 is connected, and screen box 26 can be moved forward and backward along the card slot 21 of support rail 8.Have on observation bracket 9 multiple equidistant
Support rail fixation hole 24, when adjustment support rail 8 fixing bolt, the left side of screen box 26 in the horizontal direction may be implemented
It moves right.By adjusting the height of the observation bolt 23 on stub of bracket 9, in the vertical direction upper of screen box 26 may be implemented
Lower movement.The worm screw handle knob 15 in screen box 26 is rotated, video camera 11 can be made to rotate centered on turbine 25, rotation is adjusted
Precision is 1 °, so as to obtain the angle of required video camera 11 and plummet face.
Step 4: mass erosion dynamically observes the stage in real time.
Double landforms instrument host 1a and 1b, which to surrounding are tested ditch slope 4 and project one group, to be parallel to each other and 30mm is horizontal at equal intervals swashs
Striations 5, these laser stripes are recorded by the video camera 11 perpendicular to laser plane.Every laser rays in ditch slope surface is as
Shape contour, the gully-slope land shape 4 with laser rays that video camera 11 captures then are hypsographic map.This double landforms instrument host energy
The dynamic change of gully-slope land shape mass erosion process in real-time dynamic observational record rainfall simulation test.This dynamic change can be schemed
As the computer 6 in acquisition system records storage.
Step 5: the processing method of Video data.
The rainfall video recording recorded according to video camera 11, it can be determined that all previous mass erosion event.Every subgravity is invaded
The video recording screenshot of moment, and confines out slump range before erosion event slump and after slump.It again will be contour in screenshot with R2V software
Line vector simultaneously assigns practical elevation, then calls in ArcGIS software, forms three-dimensional tin file, so that it may obtain slopes
Volume information.The volume differences of forward and backward moment slopes occur for mass erosion, are exactly the subgravity erosion amount.It is all previous in this rainfall
Mass erosion total amount that is mass erosion amount and being exactly this rainfall.Above-mentioned mass erosion can be calculated separately with following formula
Amount:
gij=v1(i,j)-v2(i,j)
In formula: i represents the ordinal number of slump event in a rainfall, and j represents the rainfall ordinal number of a certain landform；gi,jFor jth field
The mass erosion amount of i-th slump in rainfall, v1i,jAnd v2i,jLocal gully-slope land shape before and after respectively corresponding slump event
Volume；GjFor mass erosion total amount in a rainfall, N is slump total degree in a rainfall.
Claims (1)
1. one kind is based on the twin-engined landform observing device of mechanical fine adjustment, which is characterized in that the landform observing device includes
Double hosts, image collecting device and affiliated facility；
Double hosts issue parallel, equidistant laser stripe (5) from different directions, project on gully-slope land shape (4), simultaneously
Dynamic observation, and the laser plane overlapping that double hosts issue are carried out to gully-slope land shape erosion landform evolution process；Double hosts and figure
As acquisition device cooperation acquisition gully-slope land shape contour map, slopes threedimensional model is formed, realizes gully-slope land shape slump in rainfall
The dynamic of journey is observed；
Double hosts mainly by one word instrument (13) of laser, mechanical fine adjustment device, power supply line (14), main floor (17), can
The rain cover (12) and screw (16) of disassembly are constituted；Double hosts connect power supply box (2), and fixed by metab (3)；Laser
One word instrument (13) and mechanical fine adjustment device are placed in dismountable rain cover (12), and dismountable rain cover (12) passes through screw
(16) main floor (17) are fixed on；
The mechanical fine adjustment device includes support rod, laser head adjusting knob (20), worm screw (18), worm screw handle knob (15)
With turbine (19)；Multiple mechanical fine adjustment devices are fixed on main floor (17), the corresponding fixation of each one word instrument (13) of laser
Mechanical fine adjustment device, one word instrument (13) of laser, which to surrounding is tested gully-slope land shape (4) and projects one group respectively, to be parallel to each other and equidistantly
Horizontal laser light striped；Mechanical fine adjustment device is equidistant, is fixedly disposed in twin-engined cabinet in parallel and by main floor (17)
On, support distance between tie rods is the spacing of laser contour plane；
The one word instrument (13) of laser is fixed on post upper, and support rod lower end is fixed on main floor (17), laser one
Laser plane is tuned into level by laser head adjusting knob (20) thereon by word instrument (13)；Turbine (19) passes through support rod and consolidates
It is fixed；Worm screw (18) with worm screw handle knob (15) is hinged by screw thread with turbine (19)；Rotary worm handle knob (15) leads to
The transmission for crossing revolving wormgear (19) and worm screw (18) rotates one word instrument (13) of laser a little centered on support rod, to make
The axis and main floor (17) precise perpendicularity of all one word instrument (13) of laser；Through laser head adjusting knob (20) and worm screw handle
After the adjusting of knob (15), the laser plane group that double hosts issue is projected on gully-slope land shape (4), will be formed one group it is equidistant, flat
Capable laser rays；
Two cover boards are vertically fixed on main floor (17), are located at mechanical fine adjustment device two sides, are provided safe space for it；
The image collecting device includes video camera (11), computer (6), bracket (9) and the video for fixing video camera
Box (26)；
The bracket (9) is height-adjustable four leg brackets, is bolted on stub；The two of bracket (9) are horizontal
Bar is equipped with multipair support rail fixation hole (24), for fixing support rail (8)；The supporting leg of bracket (9) is two sections of nested knots
Structure which is provided with equidistant connecting hole (7), is connected to one by bolt (23)；Supporting leg is fixed on pedestal (22)；Institute
For the support rail (8) stated perpendicular to the cross bar of bracket (9), one end is suspended from bracket (9) outside；Pulley (10) installation with card slot (21)
In the lower surface of support rail (8), pulley (10) is connected with screen box (26), and screen box (26) is along support rail (8)
Card slot (21) is moved forward and backward；Video camera (11) is installed in video box (26), and video camera (11) is with the angle perpendicular to laser plane
It spends and the gully-slope land shape (4) of projection parallel laser striped is shot；Video camera (11) passes through data line and computer (6) phase
Even, the data acquired pass to computer (6)；
The affiliated facility includes power supply box and supply lines；There are transformer group and battery in power supply box, by the external electricity of 220V
Source is converted to the light current power supply of 6~8V, powers for one word instrument (13) of laser；In no external power supply, it is by battery
The power supply of one word instrument (13) of laser.
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| WO2020073309A1 (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-16 | 大连理工大学 | Integrated mainboard-based geomorphology detector console |
| WO2019195954A1 (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2019-10-17 | 大连理工大学 | Landform observation apparatus based on mechanical fine adjustment of dual-host |
| CN109520524B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2022-03-29 | 大连理工大学 | A calibrating device that is arranged in a landform appearance laser word appearance to fix a position |
| CN110619804B (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2022-01-28 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Experiment platform for producing convergence |
| CN112797963A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-14 | 王春林 | Engineering cost ware for desert planting |
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