CN103487566A - Observational method used for trench slope gravitational erosion field test - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an observational method used for a trench slope gravitational erosion field test. The observational method is characterized in that a DV sight line is perpendicular to structured light rays on an abrupt slope through a geography instrument, and according to video screenshots in the test process, the gravity erosion amount and the waterpower erosion amount, namely the total erosion amount, the gravity erosion amount and the waterpower erosion amount of individual rainfall, in an individual rainfall event, the gravity erosion amount occurring after rainfall is completed, and slope direction distribution and gradient distribution of the abrupt slope at any time can be respectively calculated. The observational method is further characterized in that the definition of laser rays projected on the abrupt slope is strengthened by adjusting indoor light rays, building a rainproof observation room and installing an anti-fog filter, the DV sight line is perpendicular to a laser plane emitted by a geography instrument main machine by adjusting the sight line angles of a DV, and testing and adjustment are carried out according to a sight line calibrator. According to the observational method, the water power erosion amount can be separated from the gravity erosion amount, and the gravity erosion amount in the rainfall process and the gravity erosion amount after rainfall can be quantitatively observed and calculated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to research soil and water conservation device technique field, relate to a kind of for setting up the method for ditch slope mass erosion process site test, be a set of to field ditch slope slump process rainfall carry out the pilot system of Simulation and observation, the data such as the gradient of mass erosion amount and abrupt slope any time and slope aspect after the total mass erosion amount of mass erosion amount, the inferior rainfall that this device can on-site measurement ditch slope all previous slump event in rainfall, rain
Background technology
Quantitative observation ditch slope mass erosion process, can further investigate its genesis mechanism, and be definite scientific basis that provides of the foundation of gravity erosion predicting model and the countermeasure of preventing and reducing natural disasters.Yet, due to the complicacy of mass erosion, the in situ quantitation of mass erosion observation always in exploration, progress that not yet can making a breakthrough property.Initial research be indirectly analyze relation between mass erosion phenomenon and hyper-concentration flow (Wang Xingkui, money is peaceful, Hu Weide. the formation of Gullied Rolling Loess Region hyper-concentration flow and Process of Confluence [J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1982, (7): 26-35).Mainly by three kinds of data, reflect at present the intensity of mass erosions: a kind of data are to suffer the earth volume of mass erosion in the certain area certain hour, the 2nd, the area of generation mass erosion in the certain area certain hour, the 3rd, the number of times (Wang Defu of generation mass erosion phenomenon in the certain area certain hour, Zhao Xueying, Ma Haolu, Deng. [J] adjusted in loess mass erosion and remote sensing thereof. Chinese water and soil conservation, 1993, (12): 26-28).Geometric shape reverse mass erosion amount after generally occurring according to mass erosion in research, as (Larsen MC& such as Larsen; Torres-Sanchez AJ, The frequency and distribution of recent landslides in three montane tropical regions of Puerto Rico[J] .Geomorphology, 1998,24,309-331), (the Haflidason H such as Haflidason, Lien R, Sejrup HP, et al.The dating and morphometry of the Storrega Slide[J] .Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2005, research 22:187-194).(the Li Yuhou such as Li Yuhou, Kang Xuelin, Yue Xinfa. ∥ Loess Plateau the 3rd secondary area soil erosion prototype measurement of Luo Yu Watershed mass erosion the Characteristics preliminary study and rule research [C], Zhengzhou: the Yellow River water conservancy publishing house, 2004, 32-37) adopt the method for measuring by the ditch geometric shape, Yamada etc. (Yamada S.The role of soil creep and slope failure in the landscape evolution of a head water basin:field measurements in a zero order basin of northern Japan[J] .Geomorphology, 1999, 28:329-344), (the Iverson R.M. such as Iverson, et al.Acute sensitivity of landslide rates to initial soil porosity[J], Science, 2000, 290:513-516) lay at the scene chaining pin, measure or predicted the process of mass erosion.Due in the process of mass erosion, in the soil of whereabouts, a part is washed away by current, or the part soil deposit of inputting from upstream comprises part water erosion amount in " avalanche body " the avalanche body.Can find out, the above-mentioned method of observation afterwards can't be separated the defeated amount of moving of the waterpower in the mass erosion process, more can't explain the generating process of mass erosion.
The contactless measurements such as remote sensing in recent years,, tracer element method have applied in mass erosion observation.Yet, because any remote sensing image has certain engineer's scale, in fact can see clearly, can certain condition (Guo Changbao be arranged the decipher drawing, Zhang Yongshuan. northern Shensi sand yellow soil high slope reliability analysis and Slope optimization design [J]. Chinese Geological Disasters and control journal, 2005,16 (4): 5-10); And, remote sensing technology can not be deep into the inside of geologic body after all, the just information on top layer that it obtains, therefore, remote sensing technology can't replace on-the-spot prospecting, experiment work fully, and can only as a kind of effective supplementary means (Wu Shenglin. avalanche-push away and cover plastid genesis mechanism and stability study thereof slippingly: [doctorate paper]. Xuzhou City of Jiangsu Province: China Mining University, 2009).
Especially it should be noted, the gravity landform process is a non-continuous process, thereby its action intensity has just become and the closely-related problem of frequency, for ocean weather station observation has brought difficulty (Zhang Chunshan, Zhang Yecheng, Zhang Lihai. Chinese avalanche, landslide, mud-stone flow disaster hazard assessment [J]. geomechanics journal, 2004,10 (1): 27-32).The observation cycle of the field monitoring test under the natural rainfall condition is longer, and limited by field condition, is difficult to observe the generating process of mass erosion, is unfavorable for exploring its microscopic mechanism.
Applicant has been utilized structured light technique, has been adopted the landforms instrument of autonomous Design, and ditch slope mass erosion process indoor model test has been carried out quantitatively, dynamically observed.Seminar amounts to the rainfall simulation test findings confirmation of more than 500 time in completed 2009,2010,2012 3 years, this method is the omnidistance volume (Zhao Chao that observes all previous small-sized mass erosion in the mass erosion test of ditch slope comparatively accurately, Wang Shufang, Xu Xiangzhou, Deng. Saudi Arabia's property [J] is produced on mass erosion Loess Gullys ditch slope, Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012,28 (12): 140-145; Zhao Chao, Xu Xiangzhou, Xu Feilong, etc. the dynamic observation device [J] of experiment landforms, Chinese water and soil conservation science, 2012,10 (2): 65-69).But the surround lighting of site test and site condition and shop experiment have very big-difference.The application plans the improvement of upgrading of original landforms instrument observation technology, and designed the facilities such as assemblnig field laboratory, removable assemblnig many mini sprinklers combined type rain controller, removable assemblnig observation support, to realize in-site modeling and the observation to field ditch slope mass erosion process.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of for setting up the test method of ditch slope mass erosion process in-site modeling and observation.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The inventive system comprises ,Gou hillside fields, field laboratory shape, rainfall simulator and four parts of mass erosion observation device.
Field laboratory comprises assemblnig field laboratory and is placed on the removable rainproof sight chamber in testing laboratory.Assemblnig field laboratory adopts large-scale camping tent repacking.In physical features, lower being equipped with on domatic adds long column.Tent pole by set bolt with add long column and be connected.Add long column along a plurality of equidistant connecting holes are arranged on short transverse.Fix when tent pole and the connecting hole that adds the long column diverse location, just can obtain multiple lengthening effect.
It is indoor that on-the-spot assemblnig field test is corroded on shape outer fissure out of office slope, ditch hillside fields, and according to survey region typical case morphologic characteristics, " cutting " goes out the domatic of generalization, and with the steel sheet pile abutment wall, this generalization landform and surrounding environment separated.Between the steel sheet pile abutment wall, with bolt, connect, and junction embeds the sealing strip of sealing.Take can insert, the pull-out combined steel plate pile is abutment wall, is separated out the inspection surface of some scale, prevents that this inspection surface from exchanging with underground water with the rainwash outside observation area; After the rainfall simulation off-test of battery of tests face, steel sheet pile can be extracted, for reuse later.Steel sheet pile is marked with the length scale towards the medial surface subscript of ditch hillside fields shape, while for terrain data, processing modeling, locates.
Rainfall simulator comprises three barrels of pressure-stabilizing water supply devices, the removable members such as many mini sprinklers combined type rain controller and water leg of assembling.Drum in three barrels of pressure-stabilizing water supply devices is placed on the position that physical features is higher, for precipitation with store clear water, and by communicating pipe by bucket in the clear water input.Keg volume as water tank of voltage regulation is less, is placed in bucket.When submersible pump B by clear water by bucket while being transported in keg, the part clear water overflows, remainder is supplied in rain controller by submersible pump A, to keep fixing water level, to rain controller, supplies water.Rain controller consists of a plurality of independent, assemblnig monomers, and each monomer comprises rain controller support and rain controller pipe network.The rain controller support comprises stand type support and 1 horizontal stand with bayonet of 2 door shapes.Stand type support is bolted on stub.Horizontal stand is connected with stand type support by the inverted U-shaped bayonet socket of four jiaos, support.The colligation of rain controller pipe network below horizontal stand, uniform following spray mini sprinkler on pipe network.Water leg is made by galvanized iron sheet.
The mass erosion observation device comprises landforms instrument main frame, removable assemblnig slump face observation support and sight line calibrating device.The observation support is bolted on stub, a uniform word laser line generator on the observation support.The sight line calibrating device is comprised of calibrating device support and the light harvesting box with pulley.Light harvesting box with pulley is arranged on the cross bar of sight line calibrating device, and the light harvesting box can move along the chute of cross bar.The bottom of light harvesting box is equipped with catoptron; Sidewall is made by transparent material, and a side far away is decorated with equidistant opaque parallel lines at liftoff looks instrument.Send vertically and be parallel to the laser plane of abrupt slope slope aspect on one word laser line generator, for indicating the slump face form on rainfall abrupt slope.Center, observation support top is fixed with support bar, and the DV video camera is installed on support bar.Get laser instrument ready and DV fixes, and the laser rays sent is parallel with the DV sight line.
Adjust the sight angle of DV, make the DV sight line vertical with the laser plane that landforms instrument main frame sends, and test with the sight line calibrating device.The sight line calibrating device is the laser plane device whether vertical with the DV sight line for verifying that landforms instrument main frame sends.Before each rainfall, whether check DV sight line is vertical with laser plane.Adjust the set bolt on sight line calibrating device support, can realize moving up and down of light harvesting box in the vertical direction.。When the laser plane sent when main frame is vertical with the DV sight line, the projection of laser plane on light harvesting box sidewall overlaps with the opaque parallel lines on light harvesting box sidewall, and gets laser rays that laser instrument sends ready after mirror-reflection, just in time turns back to and gets ready on laser instrument.
The framework of removable rainproof sight chamber adopts metal construction, connects with bolt.Sight chamber top and ceiling are waterproof, and the instruments such as the main frame of landforms instrument and monitor all are placed in this sight chamber, thereby make the light-emitting area of landforms instrument main frame be unlikely to be stained with rainwater, to guarantee to be incident upon the sharpness of abrupt slope landform laser rays.
Before rainfall starts, antifog filter is installed on the DV camera lens, and is adjusted light intensity in testing laboratory, so that the observation effect of DV reaches best.Before each erosion test, first Polypropylence Sheet is spread in test site, the calibration rainfall intensity.Then open the landforms instrument, open Polypropylence Sheet, start timing, formally carry out erosion test.Observe the slump process on abrupt slope in test, take the closeup photograph of slump face simultaneously.Each off-test, copy the video recording of the observation on DV in computing machine to, to make next step analyzing and processing.
Effect of the present invention and benefit are: 1), by the light testing laboratory of assembling, created indoor observing environment.The adjusting of indoor light power can realize by window and the adjustment indoor light of switch test chamber, obtain best observing environment to guarantee the landforms instrument, and obtain geomorphologic map picture the most clearly.2) main building element of the present invention, be suitable for the assembling of field operation, removable facility as field laboratory, rain controller, observation support, sight chamber are, and lightly be easy to transportation.3) field laboratory, rain controller, observation supporting structure separate, and outdoor wind and rain can the indoor Simulation and observation device of upset test, and the vibrations that produce during the rain controller operation can not have influence on observation device yet.
Use this device can facilitate promptly on-the-spot expansion the in the wild to test, the evolution of simulation and measurement ditch slope mass erosion, can withdraw rapidly after having tested.This invention can separate the water erosion amount with the mass erosion amount, in the quantitative observation rainfall and rainfall after the mass erosion amount; And the observation degree of accuracy is high, mobility good, operating cost is lower.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the testing equipment arrangenent diagram.
Fig. 2 can assemble the appearance effect figure of field laboratory.
Fig. 3 is foundation and being connected of tent pole.
Fig. 4 is removable, assemblnig many mini sprinklers combined type rain controller.
Fig. 5 is three barrels of pressure-stabilizing water supply devices.
Fig. 6 is removable, assemblnig rainproof sight chamber.
Fig. 7 is removable, assemblnig observation support.
Fig. 8 is that DV sight line calibrating device is in Zhong position, testing field.
Fig. 9 is DV sight line calibrating device.
In figure: 1 three barrels of pressure-stabilizing water supply devices; 2 removable, can assemble many mini sprinklers combined type rain controller;
3 removable, can assemble slump face observation support; 4 can assemble field laboratory;
5 removable rainproof sight chambers; 6 landforms instrument main frames; 7 ditch hillside fields shapes; 8 water legs;
9 steel sheet pile abutment walls;
4-1 brightness-adjustable waterproof, illuminating lamp; The 4-2 window; The 4-3 stay cord; The 4-4 moorstone; The 4-5 bed course;
The 4-6 stub; 4-7 set bolt 2; 4-8 adds long column; The 4-9 connecting hole; 4-10 set bolt 1;
4-11 timber wedge; The 4-12 tent pole;
The 2-1 bed course; The 2-2 stub; 2-3 rain controller support; 2-4 rain controller pipe network; The 2-5 mini sprinkler;
2-6 inverted U bayonet socket;
The 1-1 drum; 1-2 communicating pipe; The 1-3 keg; 1-4 submersible pump A; 1-5 submersible pump B; Bucket in 1-6;
The 5-1 metal support; 5-2 transparent watertight film; The opaque roofing of 5-3;
The 3-1 bed course; The 3-2 stub; The 3-3 metal support; 3-4 mono-word laser line generator; 3-5DV;
3-6 gets laser instrument ready; The 3-7 The Cloud Terrace; The 3-8 support bar;
11 sight line calibrating devices; 11-1 sight line calibrating device support; 11-2 is with the light harvesting box of pulley;
The 11-3 catoptron; The lighttight equal space line of 11-4; 11-5 is with the cross bar of chute; The 11-6 set bolt.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
The loess ditch slope mass erosion process site test of take is example, and the concrete steps that the device for setting up ditch slope mass erosion process site test is implemented are described.Test is carried out at Shenmu County, loess plateau Liudaogou watershed.
Step 1: edit landform
According to loess ditch slope generalization of typical case's landforms characteristic Design domatic 7.Model is respectively 300cm and 400cm along slope aspect with perpendicular to the plane projection size of slope aspect.Whole domaticly formed by the gentle slope of 3 ° and the abrupt slope of 60 °～80 °, steep slope section height 1.5m.On the ditch slope that is easy to occur mass erosion, to go out generalization domatic for on-the-spot edit.
Step 2: build removable testing laboratory
Build at the scene assembling field laboratory 4.The long 8m of testing laboratory, wide 5m; Ridge is apart from the high about 3m of gently sloping surface, apart from the high about 4.5m in sty bottom.In physical features, higher position is pre-buried for the fixing stub 2-6 of tent pole; The position lower in physical features is pre-buried for fixedly adding the stub of long column 4-8, and will add long column and stub is bolted.Then tent is installed.In advance tent bracket is built, connected on level land, and be fixed to above-mentioned tent pole stub and add on long column.Then by canvas from moving to roof, from a thruster to full roofing.Canvas wall and the door curtain of elongated portion finally are installed.Tent is by multiple stay cord 4-3 and moorstone 4-4 anchoring.Tent pole by set bolt 4-10 with add long column and be connected.Add long column along a plurality of equidistant connecting hole 4-9 are arranged on short transverse.Fix when tent pole and the connecting hole that adds the long column diverse location, just can obtain multiple lengthening effect.
A plurality of window 4-2 are arranged, for ventilating and stopping outdoor strong sunlight on the exterior wall of testing laboratory; Waterproof, illuminating lamp 4-1 is arranged in testing laboratory, and its brightness can need to adjust according to observation.
Step 3: refining landform is also built rainfall simulation and landform observing device
According to the morphologic characteristics of design, on test face, " cutting " goes out domatic 7 of generalization meticulously.The domatic each point planimetric coordinates of generalization, elevation check errorless after, embedding steel sheet pile abutment wall 9.Steel sheet pile is marked with the length scale towards the medial surface subscript of ditch hillside fields shape, while for terrain data, processing modeling, locates.The steel construction barricade of the abrupt slope embedding reinforcement in below,
The stub of the pre-buried rainfall simulator support of desired location 2-3 and observation support 3 on ground, the abutment wall outside.Assembling rain controller support, colligation rain controller pipe network 2-4; Observation support, fixedly The Cloud Terrace are installed.The rainfall simulator support is installed to and specifies on stub and be connected with set bolt with the observation support.Embedding water leg 8 below abrupt slope.In rainfall, domatic runoff and sediment is exported by water leg.
Step 4: rainfall simulation test and mass erosion process quantitative observation
Every group of terrain rainfall 6～10 times.Each rainfall duration 30min, raininess is 2.0mm/min, with Loess Plateau A type heavy rain, approaches.After every rainfall, the about 24h in interval carries out next rainfall again.After rainfall erosion, the model gradient is less, when inferior rainfall mass erosion amount is tending towards a certain stationary value, stops test, again constructs landform, carries out the rain test of next group landform.
Adopt the dynamic change of landforms instrument real-time monitored rainfall Zhong Gou hillside fields shape, and in the quantitative evaluation rainfall and the evolution process of mass erosion after rainfall.In rainfall, antifog filter is installed on DV3-5, and is adjusted light intensity in testing laboratory, so that the observation effect of DV reaches best.Observe the slump process on abrupt slope in test, take the closeup photograph of slump face simultaneously.Each off-test, copy the video recording of the observation on DV in computing machine to, to make next step analyzing and processing.
According to the process of the test video recording, intercept the video interception of required period; Again with R2V software by the level line vector quantization in sectional drawing and give actual elevation, then call in ArcGIS software, form three-dimensional tin file, just can obtain slope body volume information.The computational analysis detailed content of mass erosion process is as follows: 1) calculate all previous mass erosion amount and time rainfall total amount of erosion that occur on this rainfall Zhong Gou slope.The rainfall video recording of recording according to DV, can judge all previous mass erosion event.By the video recording sectional drawing of moment before the slump of each mass erosion event and after slump, and confine out the slump scope, according to the contour map in selection range, in GIS software, assignment forms 3 dimensional drawing, and then the parameters such as volume, projected area and each point coordinate of this slumped mass can be provided.The volume differences of slope body of forward and backward moment occurs in mass erosion, is exactly this subgravity erosion amount.In this rainfall all previous mass erosion amount and be exactly the mass erosion total amount of this rainfall.2) calculate total amount of erosion and the water erosion amount of time rainfall.When the cumulative volume of this rainfall scarp slope body and this rainfall finish, the cumulative volume of slope body is poor, is the total amount of erosion of inferior rainfall.Inferior rainfall total amount of erosion deducts time rainfall mass erosion total amount, is the water erosion total amount of this rainfall.3) calculate after rainfall finishes the mass erosion amount occurred.The cumulative volume of this rainfall adverse grade body is deducted to the cumulative volume of next rainfall scarp slope body, get final product to obtain the mass erosion amount after this rainfall.4) the slope body three-dimensional models obtained according to the observation sectional drawing, can also obtain abrupt slope at any time, the slope aspect of any position, the isoparametric variation of the gradient, by the analysis that combines of these parameters and the mass erosion amount occurred at that time, can analyse in depth the internal relation between mass erosion and ditch hillside fields shape parameter.5) the slump face longitudinal profile shape shown according to laser rays in slump face closeup photograph, in conjunction with omnidistance video recording, can judge the slump face form of the various slump forms such as avalanche, landslide, mudflow.
Claims (5)
1. the observation procedure for ditch slope mass erosion site test, is characterized in that, the device that the method is used comprises ,Gou hillside fields, field laboratory shape, rainfall simulator and four parts of mass erosion observation device;
Field laboratory: comprise assemblnig field laboratory and be placed on the removable rainproof sight chamber in testing laboratory;
Ditch hillside fields shape: it is indoor that on-the-spot assemblnig field test is corroded on shape outer fissure out of office slope, ditch hillside fields, and according to survey region typical case morphologic characteristics, " cutting " goes out the domatic of generalization, and with the steel sheet pile abutment wall, this generalization landform and surrounding environment separated; Between the steel sheet pile abutment wall, with bolt, connect, and junction embeds the sealing strip of sealing; Take can insert, the pull-out combined steel plate pile is abutment wall, is separated out the inspection surface of some scale, prevents that this inspection surface from exchanging with underground water with the rainwash outside observation area; Steel sheet pile is marked with the length scale towards the medial surface subscript of ditch hillside fields shape, while for terrain data, processing modeling, locates;
Rainfall simulator: comprise three barrels of pressure-stabilizing water supply devices, the removable members such as many mini sprinklers combined type rain controller and water leg of assembling; Drum in three barrels of pressure-stabilizing water supply devices is placed on the position that physical features is higher, for precipitation with store clear water, and by communicating pipe by bucket in the clear water input; Keg volume as water tank of voltage regulation is less, is placed in bucket; When submersible pump B by clear water by bucket while being transported in keg, the part clear water overflows, remainder is supplied in rain controller by submersible pump A, to keep fixing water level, to rain controller, supplies water;
Mass erosion observation device: comprise landforms instrument main frame, removable assemblnig slump face observation support and sight line calibrating device; The observation support is bolted on stub, a uniform word laser line generator on the observation support; Send vertically and be parallel to the laser plane of abrupt slope slope aspect on one word laser line generator, for indicating the slump face form on rainfall abrupt slope; Center, observation support top is fixed with support bar, and the DV video camera is installed on support bar; Get laser instrument ready and DV fixes, and the laser rays sent is parallel with the DV sight line;
The concrete steps of test method are as follows:
Adjust the sight angle of DV, make the DV sight line vertical with the laser plane that landforms instrument main frame sends, and test with the sight line calibrating device; The sight line calibrating device is the laser plane device whether vertical with the DV sight line for verifying that landforms instrument main frame sends, and before each rainfall, whether check DV sight line is vertical with laser plane; Light harvesting box with pulley is arranged on the cross bar of calibrating device, and the light harvesting box can move along the chute of cross bar; Adjust the set bolt on the calibrating device support, realize moving up and down of light harvesting box in the vertical direction; The bottom of light harvesting box is equipped with catoptron; Sidewall is made by transparent material, and a side far away is decorated with equidistant opaque parallel lines at liftoff looks instrument, and the spacing of parallel lines is consistent with landforms instrument laser plane spacing; Laser box bottom is equipped with catoptron; When the laser plane sent when main frame is vertical with the DV sight line, the projection of laser plane on light harvesting box sidewall overlaps with the opaque parallel lines on light harvesting box sidewall, and gets laser rays that laser instrument sends ready after mirror-reflection, just in time turns back to and gets ready on laser instrument;
The framework of removable rainproof sight chamber adopts metal construction, connects with bolt; Sight chamber top and ceiling are waterproof, and the instruments such as the main frame of landforms instrument and monitor all are placed in this sight chamber, thereby make the light-emitting area of landforms instrument main frame be unlikely to be stained with rainwater, to guarantee to be incident upon the sharpness of abrupt slope landform laser rays;
Before rainfall starts, antifog filter is installed on the DV camera lens, and is adjusted light intensity in testing laboratory, so that the observation effect of DV reaches best; Before each erosion test, first Polypropylence Sheet is spread in test site, the calibration rainfall intensity; Then open the landforms instrument, open Polypropylence Sheet, start timing, formally carry out erosion test; Observe the slump process on abrupt slope in test, take the closeup photograph of slump face simultaneously; Each off-test, copy the video recording of the observation on DV in computing machine to, to make next step analyzing and processing.
2. observation procedure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the sight line calibrating device forms by calibrating device support (11-1) with the light harvesting box (11-2) of pulley; Light harvesting box with pulley is arranged on the cross bar of calibrating device, and the light harvesting box can move along the chute of cross bar; The bottom of light harvesting box is equipped with catoptron (11-3); Sidewall is made by transparent material, and a side far away is decorated with equidistant opaque parallel lines (11-4) at liftoff looks instrument.
3. observation procedure according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in physical features, lower being equipped with on domatic adds long column (4-8), tent pole by set bolt (4-10) with add long column and be connected; Add long column along a plurality of equidistant connecting holes (4-9) are arranged on short transverse, fix when tent pole and the connecting hole that adds the long column diverse location, obtain multiple lengthening effect.
4. observation procedure according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, rain controller consists of a plurality of independent, assemblnig monomers; Each monomer comprises rain controller support (2-3) and rain controller pipe network (2-4); The rain controller support comprises stand type support and 1 horizontal stand with bayonet of 2 door shapes; Stand type support is bolted on stub; Horizontal stand is connected with stand type support by the inverted U-shaped bayonet socket of four jiaos, support; The colligation of rain controller pipe network below horizontal stand, uniform following spray mini sprinkler on pipe network.
5. observation procedure according to claim 3, is characterized in that, rain controller consists of a plurality of independent, assemblnig monomers; Each monomer comprises rain controller support (2-3) and rain controller pipe network (2-4); The rain controller support comprises stand type support and 1 horizontal stand with bayonet of 2 door shapes; Stand type support is bolted on stub; Horizontal stand is connected with stand type support by the inverted U-shaped bayonet socket of four jiaos, support; The colligation of rain controller pipe network below horizontal stand, uniform following spray mini sprinkler on pipe network.
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| CN104535739A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-04-22 | 西南科技大学 | Indoor manual simulation acid rain test device |
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| CN106198369B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2019-06-28 | 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 | A kind of soil drifting measuring device and soil drifting measurement method |
| CN107860703A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-30 | 北京师范大学 | Soil erosion characteristic analysis method based on outdoor rainfall simulation and indoor soil testing |
| CN107860703B (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2019-04-16 | 北京师范大学 | Soil erosion characteristic analysis method based on outdoor rainfall simulation and indoor soil testing |
| US10795052B2 (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2020-10-06 | Dalian University Of Technology | Topography-meter host based on integrative mainboards |
| CN108534758A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-09-14 | 大连理工大学 | Based on the twin-engined landform observing device of mechanical fine adjustment |
| CN108534758B (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2019-06-28 | 大连理工大学 | Based on the twin-engined landform observing device of mechanical fine adjustment |
| WO2019195954A1 (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2019-10-17 | 大连理工大学 | Landform observation apparatus based on mechanical fine adjustment of dual-host |
| US10801838B2 (en) | 2018-04-08 | 2020-10-13 | Dalian University Of Technology | Topography-observation device based on the mechanically micro-adjustable dual hosts |
| WO2020073309A1 (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-16 | 大连理工大学 | Integrated mainboard-based geomorphology detector console |
| CN109975152A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-07-05 | 贵州大学 | A kind of original position measures the device of rock surface weathering corrosion erosional rate for a long time |
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