CN108507949A - A kind of river water quality monitoring method based on high score remote sensing satellite - Google Patents

A kind of river water quality monitoring method based on high score remote sensing satellite Download PDF

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CN108507949A
CN108507949A CN201810121841.6A CN201810121841A CN108507949A CN 108507949 A CN108507949 A CN 108507949A CN 201810121841 A CN201810121841 A CN 201810121841A CN 108507949 A CN108507949 A CN 108507949A
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sensing image
river
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CN108507949B (en
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李帅
晏敏
王文广
叶力萌
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ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY ZENCH TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N2021/1793Remote sensing

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Abstract

A kind of river water quality monitoring method based on high score remote sensing satellite obtains the high score remote sensing image a in river to be monitored from earth station the present invention is based on high score remote sensing satellite and transfers the digital topography map of river region to be monitored;Preprocessing module obtains the high score remote sensing image c that n width is located at the image for showing complete river to be monitored of different-waveband after being pre-processed to high score remote sensing image a;The actual mass concentration of each reference position point is made regression analysis with reflectivity of each reference position point on each high score remote sensing image c and obtains corresponding regression equation by controller, is then based on the relation function on each high score remote sensing image c between the reflectivity of corresponding position of actual mass concentration and each reference position of the Regression Equations of dispersion degree minimum about reference position point;Controller calculates reflectivity of the monitoring point on n high score remote sensing image c and calculates the mass concentration of the water quality parameter at monitoring point according to the relation function.

Description

A kind of river water quality monitoring method based on high score remote sensing satellite
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of river water quality monitoring methods based on high score remote sensing satellite.
Background technology
River water quality monitoring be one of main contents of environmental monitoring, be it is accurate, timely, comprehensively reflect water quality situation and Development trend provides scientific basis for water environment management, pollution source apportionment, environmental planning etc., dirty to entire water environment protection, water Dye controls and safeguards that water environment health aspect plays a crucial role.River water quality monitoring at this stage mainly has following two Kind method:
One, traditional physics and chemistry monitoring
After investigating monitoring objective, monitoring network is determined, arrange the sampling time and determine sample frequency, periodically Sampling carries out physico-chemical analysis, achievees the purpose that monitoring.The method has the disadvantage that:
1) whole process variable factor is too many, sample frequency, as long as going out at one in the determination of monitoring point and analysis method Existing error may result in monitoring result distortion;
2) monitoring point can only be monitored, can not accomplishes global monitoring;
3) monitoring point quantity determines monitoring cost, and monitoring point quantity is few, and monitoring effect is bad, and monitoring point is more, and cost is big, right Cost is difficult to control when broad river is monitored;
4) failure of error artificial in monitoring process and equipment can all have an impact monitoring data;
5) can only periodic monitoring, can not accomplish continuous long-term dynamic monitoring.
Two, biological monitoring
It is monitored using the variation of community of aquatic organism structure.Water quality condition changes, community of aquatic organism structure It can occur to change accordingly.The method has the disadvantage that:
1) water pollution cannot qualitatively and quantitatively be measured;
2) it is not so good as Physico-chemical tests in terms of the sensitivity and specificity that detect;
3) certain biological detections take longer.
In conclusion there is also shortcomings for water quality monitoring mode at this stage, being not met by current monitoring needs It wants.
Invention content
To overcome defect present in background technology, the present invention to provide a kind of urban river water quality supervision based on high score remote sensing satellite Survey method.
Technical proposal that the invention solves the above-mentioned problems is:
A kind of river water quality monitoring method based on high score remote sensing satellite, includes the following steps:
1.1, the remote sensing image data in the high score remote sensing satellite acquisition whole world and it is transferred to earth station, image acquiring module is from institute It states earth station and obtains several panel heights of the river to be monitored in n wave band and divide remote sensing image a, and the height being located in the same band Point equal capable assemblings of remote sensing image a are at the image in the complete river to be monitored of a width, n>0, and n is natural number;
1.2, map transfers the digital topography map that module transfers river region to be monitored from network;
1.3, preprocessing module pre-processes high score remote sensing image a, includes the following steps:
1.3.1, geometric correction and gray scale resampling
Length direction of the geometric correction module in digital topography map upper edge river to be monitored marks m in monitoring time The changeless control point in position, and mapping point corresponding with the control point is marked on high score remote sensing image a;Exist respectively The two-dimentional Cartesian coordinates different from establishing two on the high score remote sensing image a on the digital topography map, and with number The coordinate of mapping point described in the coordinate at the control point and high score remote sensing image a establishes multinomial correction function on topographic map;So Geometric correction is carried out with the multinomial correction function one by one to the pixel of high score remote sensing image a afterwards, while geometric correction Gray scale resampling is carried out to high score remote sensing image a using bilinear interpolation method, then high score remote sensing image a is by geometric correction and ash Become high score remote sensing image b, m after degree resampling>20, and m is natural number;
1.3.2, high score remote sensing image b splicings are inlayed
Module is inlayed in remote sensing image splicing to divide remote sensing image b respectively by displacement positioned at several panel heights of the same band With method, histogram matching, the image mosaic method splicing based on jointing line inlays a width can show complete river to be monitored The high score remote sensing image c of the image in road;Then each wave band respectively obtains a panel height and divides remote sensing image c;
1.3.3, histogram modification module stretches each remote sensing image c using Histogram Modification Methods, to enhance remote sensing The clarity of image c;
1.4, controller automatic identification:
1.4.1, the length direction in digital topography map upper edge river to be monitored uniformly selects k reference position point and s Monitoring point, k>20, s>0, and k and s are natural number;
1.4.2 the actual mass concentration of the several water quality parameter of each reference position point, is acquired on the spot;
1.4.3, controller extracts the reflectivity of each reference position point corresponding position on each high score remote sensing image c;
1.4.4, controller by the actual mass concentration of each reference position point and each reference position point in each high score remote sensing shadow As the reflectivity on c makees linear, index, logarithm, multinomial, power regression analysis and obtains corresponding regression equation, then Regression Equations based on dispersion degree minimum are about the actual mass concentration of reference position point and each reference position in each height Divide the relation function between the reflectivity of corresponding position on remote sensing image c;
1.4.5, controller calculates reflectivity of the monitoring point on n high score remote sensing image c, according to the relation function, The mass concentration of the water quality parameter at monitoring point is calculated, and with shade corresponding concentration height on high score remote sensing image c It is identified, just obtains the spatial distribution map of the mass concentration of the water quality parameter of monitoring point in river to be monitored;
1.5, manual identified
Spatial distribution map described in real time inspection obtains the real-time monitoring conclusion of the water quality condition in river to be monitored;To each The spatial distribution map of the river water quality parameter of period compares and analyzes, and obtains the water quality condition dynamic monitoring in river to be monitored Conclusion.
Further, the n wave band is respectively blue wave band, green wave band, red wave band and near infrared band.
Further, the control point includes road junction, bridge and/or river inflection point.
Further, the water quality parameter includes chlorophyll, suspended matter, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and/or total organic carbon.
Further, it inlays by displacement matching method, histogram matching, the image mosaic method splicing based on jointing line One width can show that the detailed process of the high score remote sensing image c of the image in complete river to be monitored is as follows:Divide a panel height to remote sensing Image a divides remote sensing image a to move to adjacent another panel height so that and two panel heights divide the relative position of remote sensing image a constantly to change, When two panel heights divide the lap of remote sensing image a to be completely superposed, then two panel heights divide remote sensing image a matchings to complete;Then it uses Two panel heights are divided the hue adjustment of remote sensing image a to unanimously by histogram matching;Then with not with river on high score remote sensing image a Image intersect principle pick out the jointing line that two panel heights divide remote sensing image a, two panel heights divide remote sensing image a to be spelled along jointing line It connects, and jointing line is subjected to emergence processing;Finally, the high score remote sensing image a in the same band being set into a width can show Show the high score remote sensing image c in complete river to be monitored.
Further, the detailed process for carrying out gray scale resampling to high score remote sensing image a using bilinear interpolation method is as follows: The gray value of 4 adjacent picture elements on high score remote sensing image a around each pixel is made in x-axis direction and y-axis direction in linear The gray value obtained after inserting is as the gray value after the pixel geometric correction.
Further, geometric correction the specific steps are:With each control point on digital topography map and in high score remote sensing image a Different coordinates, respectively substitute into multinomial establish solve multinomial correction function coefficient equation group, and use least square Method obtains the coefficient of multinomial correction function;The coefficient is substituted into after multinomial and obtains multinomial correction function;By high score The coordinate of the pixel of remote sensing image a can be obtained the high score remote sensing image a's after geometric correction after substituting into multinomial correction function Cell coordinate.
The principle of satellite remote sensing:According to the theory of electromagnetic wave, distant object is radiated using various sensor apparatus and The electromagnetic wave information of reflection is collected, handles, and is finally imaged, to which the various scenery in ground are detected and be identified A kind of complex art.
The present invention is based on multi-source satellite remote sensing technologies, on the basis of analyzing different sensors monitoring water body situation ability, Using the complementarity of Multiple Source Sensor, the integration capability of Satellite Remote Sensing water body situation is fully excavated, on a macroscopic scale The complex method and technology for monitoring water body situation based on multiband, multidate, polymorphic type remotely-sensed data are established, basin water system is formed Water body rapid extracting method, and utilize the water quality parameter inverting mould in the typical contaminated area of multi-source EO-1 hyperion satellite remote sensing date foundation Type, reach quickly positioning waters, rapid extraction comprehensive water-body water quality information technical solution, provide under large scale macroscopic view letter Breath realizes low cost, the big region aquatic monitoring of the wide ken and emergent aid decision.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in:
1) monitoring range is wide, and satellite remote sensing date belongs to global data, can carry out global monitoring.
2) speed is fast, and after template is established, data are automatically analyzed by computer, improves flow path efficiency, at low cost, obtains remote sensing After data, once and for all, the later stage, there is no maintenance costs caused by monitoring point increase etc..
3) long-term dynamics monitoring can be carried out, satellite remote sensing mainly provides the census information of tendency, is week with season Phase monitoring, the Pollution Tendency for analyzing target area river water quality, it is auxiliary to provide direction using other monitoring results of unit It helps.
4) error is small, for global analysis's technology in range, avoids monitoring point omission, not comprehensive enough problem.
Specific implementation mode
A kind of river water quality monitoring method based on high score remote sensing satellite, includes the following steps:
1.1, the remote sensing image data in the high score remote sensing satellite acquisition whole world and it is transferred to earth station, image acquiring module is from institute It states earth station and obtains several panel heights of the river to be monitored in n wave band and divide remote sensing image a, and the height being located in the same band Point equal capable assemblings of remote sensing image a are at the image in the complete river to be monitored of a width, n>0, and n is natural number;
1.2, map transfers the digital topography map that module transfers river region to be monitored from network;
1.3, preprocessing module pre-processes high score remote sensing image a, includes the following steps:
1.3.1, geometric correction and gray scale resampling
Length direction of the geometric correction module in digital topography map upper edge river to be monitored marks m in monitoring time The changeless control point in position, and mapping point corresponding with the control point is marked on high score remote sensing image a;Exist respectively The two-dimentional Cartesian coordinates different from establishing two on the high score remote sensing image a on the digital topography map, and with number The coordinate of mapping point described in the coordinate at the control point and high score remote sensing image a establishes multinomial correction function (i.e. on topographic map Binary polynomial of degree n correction function);Then the pixel of high score remote sensing image a is carried out one by one with the multinomial correction function Geometric correction carries out gray scale resampling, then high score using bilinear interpolation method while geometric correction to high score remote sensing image a Remote sensing image a becomes high score remote sensing image b, m after geometric correction and gray scale resampling>20, and m is natural number;
1.3.2, high score remote sensing image b splicings are inlayed
Module is inlayed in remote sensing image splicing to divide remote sensing image b respectively by displacement positioned at several panel heights of the same band With method, histogram matching, the image mosaic method splicing based on jointing line inlays a width can show complete river to be monitored The high score remote sensing image c of the image in road;Then each wave band respectively obtains a panel height and divides remote sensing image c;
1.3.3, histogram modification module stretches each remote sensing image c using Histogram Modification Methods, to enhance remote sensing The clarity of image c;
1.4, controller automatic identification:
1.4.1, the length direction in digital topography map upper edge river to be monitored uniformly selects k reference position point and s Monitoring point, k>20, s>0, and k and s are natural number;
1.4.2 the actual mass concentration of the several water quality parameter of each reference position point, is acquired on the spot;Manually use instrument The measurement of the actual mass concentration of water quality parameter is carried out with tool, for example, with leaf green analyzer measure chlorophyll mass concentration, The quality that total phosphorus is measured using the mass concentration of suspended matter on-line determination instrument measurement suspended matter, using total phosphorus in-line analyzer is dense Degree, utilizes the quality of total organic carbon detector measurement total organic carbon at the mass concentration that total nitrogen is measured using total nitrogen in-line analyzer Concentration, above-mentioned instrument market are commercially available.
1.4.3, controller extracts the reflectivity of each reference position point corresponding position on each high score remote sensing image c;
1.4.4, controller by the actual mass concentration of each reference position point and each reference position point in each high score remote sensing shadow As the reflectivity on c makees linear, index, logarithm, multinomial, power regression analysis and obtains corresponding regression equation, then Regression Equations based on dispersion degree minimum are about the actual mass concentration of reference position point and each reference position in each height Divide the relation function between the reflectivity of corresponding position on remote sensing image c;
1.4.5, controller calculates reflectivity of the monitoring point on n high score remote sensing image c, according to the relation function, The mass concentration of the water quality parameter at monitoring point is calculated, and with shade corresponding concentration height on high score remote sensing image c It is identified, just obtains the spatial distribution map of the mass concentration of the water quality parameter of monitoring point in river to be monitored;
1.5, manual identified
Spatial distribution map described in real time inspection obtains the real-time monitoring conclusion of the water quality condition in river to be monitored;To each The spatial distribution map of the river water quality parameter of period compares and analyzes, and obtains the water quality condition dynamic monitoring in river to be monitored Conclusion.
Further, the n wave band is respectively blue wave band, green wave band, red wave band and near infrared band.
Further, the control point includes road junction, bridge and/or river inflection point.
Further, the water quality parameter includes chlorophyll, suspended matter, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and/or total organic carbon.
Further, it inlays by displacement matching method, histogram matching, the image mosaic method splicing based on jointing line One width can show that the detailed process of the high score remote sensing image c of the image in complete river to be monitored is as follows:Divide a panel height to remote sensing Image a divides remote sensing image a to move to adjacent another panel height so that and two panel heights divide the relative position of remote sensing image a constantly to change, When two panel heights divide the lap of remote sensing image a to be completely superposed, then two panel heights divide remote sensing image a matchings to complete;Then it uses Two panel heights are divided the hue adjustment of remote sensing image a to unanimously by histogram matching;Then with not with river on high score remote sensing image a Image intersect principle pick out the jointing line that two panel heights divide remote sensing image a, two panel heights divide remote sensing image a to be spelled along jointing line It connects, and jointing line is subjected to emergence processing;Finally, the high score remote sensing image a in the same band being set into a width can show Show the high score remote sensing image c in complete river to be monitored.
Further, the detailed process for carrying out gray scale resampling to high score remote sensing image a using bilinear interpolation method is as follows: The gray value of 4 adjacent picture elements on high score remote sensing image a around each pixel is in x-axis direction and y-axis direction (two-dimentional cartesian X-axis direction on coordinate system and y-axis direction) on make the gray value obtained after linear interpolation as the ash after the pixel geometric correction Angle value.
Further, geometric correction the specific steps are:With each control point on digital topography map and in high score remote sensing image a Different coordinates, respectively substitute into multinomial establish solve multinomial correction function coefficient equation group, and use least square Method obtains the coefficient of multinomial correction function;The coefficient is substituted into after multinomial and obtains multinomial correction function;By high score The coordinate of the pixel of remote sensing image a can be obtained the high score remote sensing image a's after geometric correction after substituting into multinomial correction function Cell coordinate.
The present invention is based on satellite remote sensings to be monitored water quality, have that viewpoint is high, the ken is wide, data acquisition is fast and repeat, The data of the characteristics of being observed continuously, acquisition is digitlization, can be directly entered the Computerized image processing system of user, this scheme tool There is the advantage that conventional monitoring methods are incomparable.
The present invention solve it is of the existing technology can not carry out it is global with long-term trend monitoring, monitoring device it is excessive and Excessively rely on, monitor promptness is low, flow is cumbersome for monitoring, artificial sample when may result in personnel's accident, maintenance cost height etc. Problem.
In the present invention, high score remote sensing image a, high score remote sensing image b, high score remote sensing image c refer both to high score remote sensing image, are It is named for the ease of distinguishing the high score remote sensing image in different step, there is no meanings for letter itself.
Content described in this specification embodiment is only enumerating to the way of realization of inventive concept, protection of the invention Range is not construed as being only limitted to the concrete form that embodiment is stated, protection scope of the present invention also includes art technology Personnel according to present inventive concept it is conceivable that equivalent technologies mean.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of river water quality monitoring method based on high score remote sensing satellite, it is characterised in that:Include the following steps:
1.1, high score remote sensing satellite acquires the remote sensing image data in the whole world and is transferred to earth station, and image acquiring module is from described Face station obtains several panel heights of the river to be monitored in n wave band and divides remote sensing image a, and the high score in the same band is distant The equal capable assemblings of image a are felt into the image in the complete river to be monitored of a width, n>0, and n is natural number;
1.2, map transfers the digital topography map that module transfers river region to be monitored from network;
1.3, preprocessing module pre-processes high score remote sensing image a, includes the following steps:
1.3.1, geometric correction and gray scale resampling
Length direction of the geometric correction module in digital topography map upper edge river to be monitored marks the m positions in monitoring time Changeless control point, and mapping point corresponding with the control point is marked on high score remote sensing image a;Respectively described The two-dimentional Cartesian coordinates different from establishing two on the high score remote sensing image a on digital topography map, and with digital terrain The coordinate of mapping point described in the coordinate at the control point and high score remote sensing image a establishes multinomial correction function on figure;Then with The multinomial correction function carries out geometric correction one by one to the pixel of high score remote sensing image a, is used while geometric correction Bilinear interpolation method carries out gray scale resampling to high score remote sensing image a, then high score remote sensing image a is by geometric correction and gray scale weight Become high score remote sensing image b, m after sampling>20, and m is natural number;
1.3.2, high score remote sensing image b splicings are inlayed
Module is inlayed in remote sensing image splicing to divide remote sensing image b to be matched respectively by shifting positioned at several panel heights of the same band Method, histogram matching, the image mosaic method splicing based on jointing line inlays a width can show complete river to be monitored Image high score remote sensing image c;Then each wave band respectively obtains a panel height and divides remote sensing image c;
1.3.3, histogram modification module stretches each remote sensing image c using Histogram Modification Methods, to enhance remote sensing image c Clarity;
1.4, controller automatic identification:
1.4.1, the length direction in digital topography map upper edge river to be monitored uniformly selects k reference position point and s monitoring Point, k>20, s>0, and k and s are natural number;
1.4.2 the actual mass concentration of the several water quality parameter of each reference position point, is acquired on the spot;
1.4.3, controller extracts the reflectivity of each reference position point corresponding position on each high score remote sensing image c;
1.4.4, controller by the actual mass concentration of each reference position point and each reference position point on each high score remote sensing image c Reflectivity make linear, index, logarithm, multinomial, power regression analysis and obtain corresponding regression equation, be then based on from The Regression Equations of the degree of dissipating minimum are about the actual mass concentration of reference position point and each reference position in each high score remote sensing Relation function on image c between the reflectivity of corresponding position;
1.4.5, controller calculates reflectivity of the monitoring point on n high score remote sensing image c, according to the relation function, calculates Go out the mass concentration of the water quality parameter at monitoring point, and is carried out on high score remote sensing image c with shade corresponding concentration height Mark, just obtains the spatial distribution map of the mass concentration of the water quality parameter of monitoring point in river to be monitored;
1.5, manual identified
Spatial distribution map described in real time inspection obtains the real-time monitoring conclusion of the water quality condition in river to be monitored;To each time The spatial distribution map of the river water quality parameter of section compares and analyzes, and obtains the water quality condition dynamic monitoring knot in river to be monitored By.
2. a kind of river water quality monitoring method based on high score remote sensing satellite as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described N wave band is respectively blue wave band, green wave band, red wave band and near infrared band.
3. a kind of river water quality monitoring method based on high score remote sensing satellite as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:It is described Control point includes road junction, bridge and/or river inflection point.
4. a kind of river water quality monitoring method based on high score remote sensing satellite as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that:It is described Water quality parameter includes chlorophyll, suspended matter, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and/or total organic carbon.
5. a kind of river water quality monitoring method based on high score remote sensing satellite as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that:Pass through Displacement matching method, histogram matching, the image mosaic method splicing based on jointing line are inlayed a width and can be shown and completely wait for The detailed process for monitoring the high score remote sensing image c of the image in river is as follows:Divide remote sensing image a to adjacent another width one panel height High score remote sensing image a movements so that two panel heights divide the relative position of remote sensing image a constantly to change, when two panel heights divide remote sensing image a Lap when being completely superposed, then two panel heights divide remote sensing image a matchings to complete;Then use histogram matching by two panel heights Divide the hue adjustment of remote sensing image a to unanimously;Then it is selected with the principle that do not intersect with the image in river on high score remote sensing image a Go out the jointing line that two panel heights divide remote sensing image a, two panel heights divide remote sensing image a along seam splicing, and jointing line is carried out plumage Change is handled;Finally, the height in complete river to be monitored can be shown by the high score remote sensing image a in the same band being set into a width Divide remote sensing image c.
6. a kind of river water quality monitoring method based on high score remote sensing satellite as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that:Using The detailed process that bilinear interpolation method carries out high score remote sensing image a gray scale resampling is as follows:Each on high score remote sensing image a The gray value of 4 adjacent picture elements around pixel makees the gray value conduct obtained after linear interpolation in x-axis direction and y-axis direction Gray value after the pixel geometric correction.
7. a kind of river water quality monitoring method based on high score remote sensing satellite as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that:Geometry Correction the specific steps are:With each control point on digital topography map and high score remote sensing image a different coordinates, substitute into respectively Multinomial establishes the equation group for the coefficient for solving multinomial correction function, and uses least square method, show that multinomial corrects letter Several coefficients;The coefficient is substituted into after multinomial and obtains multinomial correction function;By the seat of the pixel of high score remote sensing image a It can be obtained the cell coordinate of the high score remote sensing image a after geometric correction after mark substitution multinomial correction function.
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CN111274938A (en) * 2020-01-19 2020-06-12 四川省自然资源科学研究院 Web-oriented dynamic monitoring method and system for high-resolution remote sensing river water quality
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CN112365274A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-02-12 苏州深蓝空间遥感技术有限公司 High-precision water pollution tracing method based on multi-source data
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