CN117710831A - Rural black and odorous water body monitoring method based on satellite remote sensing - Google Patents
Rural black and odorous water body monitoring method based on satellite remote sensing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of water body monitoring, in particular to a method for monitoring rural black and odorous water body based on satellite remote sensing, which comprises the following steps: s1, basic data preparation and processing: collecting the existing black and odorous water body and polluted land block list, determining the programmed shooting range of the image, and preprocessing satellite remote sensing image data; s2: and (3) carrying out normalization supervision on black and odorous water bodies: monitoring the existing black and odorous water body to form the periodic monitoring result of the existing black and odorous water body; s3: leakage and deficiency detection remote sensing investigation and drainage of black and odorous water body: based on satellite remote sensing image data, identifying black and odorous water bodies aiming at suspected key areas, and then performing black and odorous water body remote sensing interpretation to generate a preliminary black and odorous water body touch list; s4: solid core of black and odorous water body: and screening the black and odorous water body and suspected black and odorous water body with typical characteristics according to the preliminary black and odorous water body touch list identified by remote sensing, carrying out field verification, correcting the preliminary result according to verification information, perfecting black and odorous water body remote sensing monitoring vector information, and forming black and odorous water body remote sensing monitoring results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water body monitoring, in particular to a rural black and odorous water body monitoring method based on satellite remote sensing.
Background
The black and odorous water body is an extreme phenomenon of organic pollution, which is caused by lack of oxygen in the water body and putrefaction of organic matters, at present, research on the black and odorous water body at home and abroad is mostly focused on aspects of black and odorous formation mechanisms, water quality evaluation methods, index construction, ecological restoration and the like, but research on identification methods of the black and odorous water body is quite deficient, the black and odorous water body identification in China is mainly judged through field investigation, the judgment on the black and odorous water body is carried out by adopting a method of combining subjective feeling of a human body with water quality index measurement, the subjective feeling means that the water body is abnormal in color, the water surface floats more impurities, the whole body is turbid, the flow speed is low or even does not flow, sewage is usually discharged through a sewage discharge outlet, the odor is emitted on the smell, the distance is far, the surrounding environment is influenced, and people propose to identify the black and odorous water body based on satellite remote sensing images. However, the conventional black and odorous water body monitoring method based on satellite remote sensing is often only dependent on satellite remote sensing images, and can rapidly, dynamically, time-saving and labor-saving monitor large-scale environmental changes and environmental pollution, but the black and odorous water body is not completely and accurately identified, has a certain error, and cannot accurately and exactly describe the longitude and latitude positions, the water quality condition of the black and odorous water body, the surrounding environment condition of the water body and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a technical scheme capable of solving the problems.
A rural black and odorous water body monitoring method based on satellite remote sensing specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, basic data preparation and processing: collecting the existing black and odorous water body and polluted land block list, carrying out data spatialization by combining the existing black and odorous water body and polluted land block list, determining an image programming shooting range on the basis of basic data, carrying out image shooting and preprocessing according to the monitoring time requirement, and providing image data for remote sensing monitoring;
s2: and (3) carrying out normalization supervision on black and odorous water bodies: based on basic data, monitoring the existing black and odorous water body, analyzing the spectral change characteristics, the surrounding ground feature changes and the geometric feature changes of the existing black and odorous water body through the preprocessed satellite remote sensing image data, and comparing and analyzing the current monitoring result with the previous monitoring result to form the periodic monitoring result of the existing black and odorous water body;
s3: leakage and deficiency detection remote sensing investigation and drainage of black and odorous water body: according to the existing black and odorous water body in the monitoring range, an interpretation sample knowledge base is established, on the basis of basic data, the current situation of black and odorous water body distribution is mastered according to the satellite remote sensing image data and aiming at suspected key areas, the relevant basic information such as the spectral characteristics of the satellite remote sensing image, the surrounding environment factors of the water body, the geometric characteristics, the water body pollution causes and the like is analyzed, the black and odorous water body is firstly extracted, the black and odorous water body is identified, then the black and odorous water body remote sensing interpretation is carried out, a preliminary black and odorous water body touch list is generated, and the black and odorous water body touch list and the existing black and odorous water body periodic monitoring results in S2 form a black and odorous water body remote sensing monitoring preliminary result;
s4: solid core of black and odorous water body: and (3) carrying out field check work, screening black and odorous water bodies with typical characteristics and suspected black and odorous water bodies according to a preliminary black and odorous water body touch list identified by remote sensing, carrying out field investigation, correcting preliminary achievements according to feedback field information, perfecting black and odorous water body remote sensing monitoring vector information, and forming black and odorous water body remote sensing monitoring achievements.
Further, in S1: collecting historical water body data of a working area as background data to carry out suspected black and odorous water body screening work; the DEM data are collected and used for generating topographic data to determine the range and the boundary of a plain area, and the data resolution is 30m; collecting the latest administrative boundary data; the satellite remote sensing image adopts GF2 image and GF7 image.
Further, in S1: in the preprocessing process of satellite remote sensing image data, firstly, carrying out radiation correction and atmosphere correction on satellite images based on sensor parameters and radiation correction coefficients; and then selecting an image correction control point according to the base map control data, combining with DEM elevation data, correcting the full-color image grid by grid, registering the multispectral image with the corrected full-color image based on the corrected full-color image, and carrying out fusion processing on the registered full-color image and the multispectral image to manufacture an orthographic image.
Further, in S2: and monitoring the change of the existing black and odorous water body in two stages in 7-10 months of frequent black and odorous water body.
Further, in S3: the suspected key area is within the range of 10-20 km around the existing black and odorous water body.
Further, in S3: the water body extraction method comprises a single-band threshold method, a multi-band spectrum relation method based on a threshold value and a water body index method based on a threshold value, and is combined with various water body indexes, and rural water body automatic identification and extraction are carried out by the water body indexes with accurate selection results and high identification degree.
Further, in S3: the black and odorous water body identification method comprises the steps of obtaining water body reflectivity of a satellite image after radiation calibration and atmospheric correction, manufacturing a reflection spectrum curve model through the water body reflectivity of a black and odorous water body and a non-black and odorous water body, and comparing a reflection spectrum curve manufactured by the water body reflectivity of the water body to be identified with the reflection spectrum curve model to identify a suspected black and odorous water body.
Further, in S3: classifying the suspected black and odorous water body according to the optical image characteristics of the identified suspected black and odorous water body, classifying the suspected black and odorous water body pattern spots into 3 classes, and interpreting marks of the classes as follows:
first-order: on the optical remote sensing image, a large amount of garbage is obviously visible on the edge or the surface of the water body, the color of the water body is in bright green or black brown, and the like, obvious pollution sources such as small workshops, factories or poultry and livestock farms, and the like are visible on the periphery of the water body, and the black and odorous water body index result level is high;
and (2) second-stage: on the optical remote sensing image, a small amount of garbage is visible on the edge or the surface of the water body, the color of the water body is green or gray black, and the like, pollution sources such as small workshops or factories or poultry and livestock farms are occasionally arranged on the periphery of the water body, and the black and odorous water body index result grade is higher;
three stages: on the optical remote sensing image, the water body is similar to the normal water body in color or is light green, blue-black and the like, the periphery of the water body is seen as a suspected pollution source of a small workshop or a factory or a poultry and livestock farm and the like, and the black and odorous water body index result grade is low.
Further, in S3: remote sensing interpretation, adopting one of the following remote sensing image visual interpretation methods:
a direct interpretation method, namely directly judging and reading the properties and other characteristics of the target ground object according to the tone, color, shape, size, shadow, texture and the like of the target object image, wherein the suspected black and odorous water body is blacked and deep in tone and has a phenomenon of floater or sawtooth-shaped rough edge;
an indirect interpretation method, namely performing inference interpretation according to an indirect mark, suspected pollution sources such as points, non-point sources and the like around the black and odorous water body, chemical plants, culture bases, sewage outlets and the like;
a comprehensive data comparison method, which uses related graphics, images, tables and text data to perform comparison analysis in the interpretation process;
the field investigation method is used for carrying out field investigation on the ground features which are difficult to interpret indoors and have complex types, and the ground features which are difficult to interpret by the method are subjected to field analysis, the interpretation marks are corrected, and the ground features are determined.
Further, in S4: in the field inspection process, the indexes of dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and transparency in the water body are required to be measured by using rapid detection equipment, and the investigation water body is required to be photographed and positioned to obtain the most exact longitude and latitude position, water quality condition description and the surrounding environment condition of the water body; the black and odorous water body remote sensing monitoring vector information comprises the longitude and latitude positions, the areas, the lengths and the widths of streets, villages and towns and administrative villages where the black and odorous water body is located.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the satellite remote sensing rural black and odorous water body monitoring method, on the premise that black and odorous water bodies and polluted plots are known, dynamic monitoring is conducted on the existing black and odorous water bodies through satellite remote sensing image data, and the periodic monitoring result of the existing black and odorous water bodies is formed by analyzing spectral change characteristics, surrounding ground object changes and geometric characteristic changes of the black and odorous water bodies and comparing and analyzing the current monitoring result with the previous result, so that dynamic monitoring on the existing black and odorous water bodies is achieved. Secondly, based on satellite remote sensing image data, aiming at suspected key areas, the current situation of black and odorous water distribution is mastered, black and odorous water is identified, a preliminary black and odorous water touch list is generated, leakage and deficiency are detected, then the on-site verification is carried out according to the preliminary black and odorous water touch list, the preliminary achievement is corrected, the black and odorous water remote sensing monitoring vector information is perfected, and therefore accurate monitoring and information perfection are achieved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for monitoring rural black and odorous water based on satellite remote sensing in the invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of measured reflectance for non-black and odorous bodies of water in an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the embodiments
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the satellite remote sensing-based rural black and odorous water body monitoring method in the embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
s1, basic data preparation and processing: collecting the existing black and odorous water body and polluted land block list, carrying out data spatialization by combining the existing black and odorous water body and polluted land block list, determining an image programming shooting range on the basis of basic data, carrying out image shooting and preprocessing according to the monitoring time requirement, and providing image data for remote sensing monitoring;
s2: and (3) carrying out normalization supervision on black and odorous water bodies: based on basic data, monitoring the existing black and odorous water body, analyzing the spectral change characteristics, the surrounding ground feature changes and the geometric feature changes of the existing black and odorous water body through the preprocessed satellite remote sensing image data, and comparing and analyzing the current monitoring result with the previous monitoring result to form the periodic monitoring result of the existing black and odorous water body;
s3: leakage and deficiency detection remote sensing investigation and drainage of black and odorous water body: according to the existing black and odorous water body in the monitoring range, an interpretation sample knowledge base is established, on the basis of basic data, the current situation of black and odorous water body distribution is mastered according to the satellite remote sensing image data and aiming at suspected key areas, the relevant basic information such as the spectral characteristics of the satellite remote sensing image, the surrounding environment factors of the water body, the geometric characteristics, the water body pollution causes and the like is analyzed, the black and odorous water body is firstly extracted, the black and odorous water body is identified, then the black and odorous water body remote sensing interpretation is carried out, a preliminary black and odorous water body touch list is generated, and the black and odorous water body touch list and the existing black and odorous water body periodic monitoring results in S2 form a black and odorous water body remote sensing monitoring preliminary result;
s4: solid core of black and odorous water body: and (3) carrying out field check work, screening black and odorous water bodies with typical characteristics and suspected black and odorous water bodies according to a preliminary black and odorous water body touch list identified by remote sensing, carrying out field investigation, correcting preliminary achievements according to feedback field information, perfecting black and odorous water body remote sensing monitoring vector information, and forming black and odorous water body remote sensing monitoring achievements.
In the present embodiment, in S1: collecting historical water body data of a working area as background data to carry out suspected black and odorous water body screening work; the DEM data are collected and used for generating topographic data to determine the range and the boundary of a plain area, and the data resolution is 30m; collecting the latest administrative boundary data; the satellite remote sensing image adopts GF2 image and GF7 image.
The high-resolution second-order (GF 2) satellite is a civil optical remote sensing satellite which is independently developed in China and has the first spatial resolution superior to 1m, has the characteristics of sub-meter spatial resolution, high positioning precision, quick attitude maneuver capability and the like, effectively improves the comprehensive observation efficiency of the satellite, and reaches the international advanced level. The space resolution of the satellite undersea point of the GF2 satellite can reach 0.8m.
The high-resolution seven (GF 7) satellite is a three-dimensional mapping satellite with sub-meter high resolution and 1:10000 scale for the first civilian use. The high-resolution satellite number seven is an optical stereo mapping satellite, and breaks through in the fields of high-resolution stereo mapping image data acquisition, high-resolution stereo mapping, urban and rural construction high-precision satellite remote sensing, remote sensing statistical investigation and the like.
In the present embodiment, in S1: in the preprocessing process of satellite remote sensing image data, firstly, carrying out radiation correction and atmosphere correction on satellite images based on sensor parameters and radiation correction coefficients; then according to the base map control data (the coordinate system is CGCS_2000), selecting image correction control points, combining with DEM elevation data, correcting the full-color image grid by grid, registering the multispectral image with the corrected full-color image based on the corrected full-color image, and carrying out fusion processing on the registered full-color image and multispectral image to manufacture an orthographic image.
The obtained original image data are data of framing and sub-bands, and because the data are limited by the space, the spectrum, the time and the radiation resolution of a remote sensing system, the information of a complex ground surface is difficult to accurately record, and unavoidable errors exist. The errors reduce the quality of remote sensing data and influence the accuracy of image analysis, so that the collected original data is preprocessed, and the main purpose is to correct geometric and radiation deformation in the original image so as to obtain an image which is as real in geometric and radiation as possible. The main pretreatment method is as follows:
(1) Radiation correction
In order to accurately evaluate the reflection characteristics and the radiation characteristics of the ground object, the project needs to perform radiation correction when performing image processing, and needs to perform quasi-normalization correction when applying GF1 and GF2 image data. Reading low gain or high gain states of each wave band from the head file information, substituting parameters such as solar altitude angle, solar earth distance, GK value and the like into a formula: k=gkd2/sin G, and a quasi-normalization coefficient of each band can be obtained. And finally, performing mosaic and information extraction by using the data corrected by the quasi-normalization coefficient.
(2) Atmospheric correction
In order to obtain accurate information of the earth surface, atmospheric influence must be eliminated as much as possible in the application process of the remote sensing data, namely, atmospheric correction is carried out, and the atmospheric correction is an important step for extracting hydrogeology remote sensing interpretation information.
The ENVI software is adopted for atmospheric correction in the work, the ETM data is utilized for atmospheric correction experiments, and the influence of aerosol on the image can be weakened to a large extent after the image is subjected to atmospheric correction through comparative analysis, so that the image is richer and clearer in color. Thus, atmospheric correction is a necessary pre-work for remote sensing information extraction.
(3) Image fusion
The image fusion is used for extracting information and is used for making a background image. By means of image fusion processing, remote sensing data information of different sensors can be integrated, high-quality image information is obtained, remote sensing interpretation accuracy and reliability are improved, and accordingly relatively complete information display of targets is formed. The method is characterized in that the domestic satellite remote sensing panchromatic data and the multispectral data are fused to form a fused image with high-spatial-resolution spatial information and multispectral color information, and the method adopted by the image fusion is mainly a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method and an IHS method.
Through experiments, the work determines that the PCA (principal component analysis) fusion processing method is the best choice for fusion processing. The method ensures the high spatial information and multispectral information of the data to the greatest extent, and provides full-element image information support for the combination of wave bands converted at any time, piecewise linear stretching and enhancement processing in the remote sensing geological interpretation process.
(4) Color synthesis processing
In the project work process, according to the characteristics of the remote sensing data wave bands and various statistical parameter analysis, the different wave band combinations of the two satellite remote sensing data are selected for comparison analysis, and finally, the best wave band combination which has clear images of the result map and good visual effect and accords with the remote sensing interpretation color habit of staff is selected.
(5) Geological information enhancement
According to the spectrum characteristics of the geological target, on the basis of fully researching the characteristics of the wave band setting, the spatial resolution and the like of the remote sensing data, the geological target information is highlighted by a reasonable image processing method, the difference between different image characteristics is enlarged, and the interpretation and analysis capability of the image is improved, so that the purposes of improving the visual effect of the image, automatically extracting useful information and assisting remote sensing geological interpretation are achieved.
The purpose of the geological information enhancement processing of the remote sensing image is to enable the generated image to be more beneficial to remote sensing interpretation and interpretation, and the image transformation focuses on transformation and characteristic information extraction by utilizing multispectral data better. Enhancement processing is generally classified into two types, spectral enhancement and spatial enhancement.
(6) Image mosaic
The present invention mainly relates to the embedding work of medium-resolution and high-resolution remote sensing data. In order to achieve the aim of tight splicing, control points are uniformly arranged on data to be spliced, a one-time polynomial correction method is adopted to correct the overlapping area of the images, and errors are controlled within 1 pixel. Meanwhile, the effect of correction errors on the visual effect of the spliced graph is further eliminated by utilizing the spliced lines, and finally seamless splicing is realized. The quality of the inlaid image meets the interpretation requirement.
(7) Color synthesis processing
According to the characteristics of each wave band of the remote sensing image, the application range and the actual characteristics of a working area, 3 wave bands with similar mean, maximum variance and minimum correlation coefficient are selected for color synthesis processing and histogram stretching so as to ensure the richness of information on the image. The basic unit and multi-element statistical analysis is carried out on various remote sensing data, the final result is clear in image, the visual effect is good, and the remote sensing color interpretation habit of staff is met.
In the present embodiment, in S2: and monitoring the change of the existing black and odorous water body in two stages in 7-10 months of frequent black and odorous water body.
In the present embodiment, in S3: the suspected key area is within the range of 10-20 km around the existing black and odorous water body.
In the present embodiment, in S3: the water body extraction method comprises a single-band threshold method, a multi-band spectrum relation method based on a threshold value and a water body index method based on a threshold value, and is combined with various water body indexes, and rural water body automatic identification and extraction are carried out by the water body indexes with accurate selection results and high identification degree.
In the present embodiment, in S3: the black and odorous water body identification method comprises the steps of obtaining water body reflectivity of a satellite image after radiation calibration and atmospheric correction, manufacturing a reflection spectrum curve model through the water body reflectivity of a black and odorous water body and a non-black and odorous water body, and comparing a reflection spectrum curve manufactured by the water body reflectivity of the water body to be identified with the reflection spectrum curve model to identify a suspected black and odorous water body.
The difference of the reflection spectrum can be found by actually measuring the reflectivity of different water bodies, so that different characteristics of different water bodies are reflected, and the method can be used for distinguishing black and odorous water bodies from non-black and odorous water bodies. As shown in FIG. 2, the non-black and odorous water body has characteristic wave crests and wave troughs at about 550nm,675nm and 700nm, and the reflection spectrum curves of the water body with black and odorous phenomena are obviously different from the reflection spectrum curves, and can be roughly classified into 3 types in the characteristics of wave crests and wave troughs and values: the water body has no obvious wave crest and wave trough in the wave band of 400-900 nm, and the curve is gentle and has lower value; the peaks and valleys of the second-class water body spectrum at 550nm,675nm and 700nm are almost negligible, but the reflectivity at 750nm is obviously reduced, and the trend of the second-class water body is similar to that of a non-black and odorous water body; the three water bodies rapidly rise within the range of 400-550 nm, the overall curve value is higher than that of non-black and odorous water bodies and other black and odorous water bodies, the non-black and odorous water bodies have similar wave crests and wave troughs between 675 and 700nm, and obvious wave crests exist at 800 nm. Therefore, the spectrum curves of the black and odorous water bodies and the non-black and odorous water bodies are greatly different, so that the black and odorous water bodies can be used as the basis for identifying the black and odorous water bodies.
The domestic multispectral remote sensing satellite has the characteristics of high-resolution and high-resolution first and second, and can directly use the high-resolution image reflectivity to research a black and odorous water body identification model suitable for high-resolution images.
In the present embodiment, in S3: classifying the suspected black and odorous water body according to the optical image characteristics of the identified suspected black and odorous water body, classifying the suspected black and odorous water body pattern spots into 3 classes, and interpreting marks of the classes as follows:
first-order: on the optical remote sensing image, a large amount of garbage is obviously visible on the edge or the surface of the water body, the color of the water body is in bright green or black brown, and the like, obvious pollution sources such as small workshops, factories or poultry and livestock farms, and the like are visible on the periphery of the water body, and the black and odorous water body index result level is high (BOI is less than 0.12);
and (2) second-stage: on the optical remote sensing image, a small amount of garbage is visible on the edge or the surface of the water body, the color of the water body is green or gray black, and the like, pollution sources such as small workshops or factories or poultry and livestock farms are occasionally arranged on the periphery of the water body, and the black and odorous water body index result level is higher (BOI is more than or equal to 0.12 and less than 0.14);
three stages: on the optical remote sensing image, the water body is similar to the normal water body in color or light green, blue-black and the like, the periphery of the water body is provided with suspected pollution sources such as a small workshop or a factory or a poultry and livestock farm, and the like, and the black and odorous water body index result grade is lower (BOI is more than or equal to 0.14 and less than 0.15).
In the present embodiment, in S3: remote sensing interpretation, the remote sensing image objectively records the geometric form and the spectrum characteristics of the object, which is the objective basis of remote sensing image interpretation. The practical experience of people on objective things is realized by themselves, various means and methods are used for recognizing the images, so that the process of recognizing the actual content and the attribute of the images is the process of visual interpretation of the remote sensing images.
The investigation considers the characteristics, the form, the working condition and the requirement of the research content, adopts a mode of combining automatic extraction and visual interpretation by a computer to interpret, and establishes an interpretation mark.
The visual interpretation methods of the remote sensing images of specific applications are as follows:
a direct interpretation method, namely directly judging and reading the properties and other characteristics of the target ground object according to the tone, color, shape, size, shadow, texture and the like of the target object image, wherein the suspected black and odorous water body is blacked and deep in tone and has a phenomenon of floater or sawtooth-shaped rough edge;
an indirect interpretation method, namely performing inference interpretation according to an indirect mark, suspected pollution sources such as points, non-point sources and the like around the black and odorous water body, chemical plants, culture bases, sewage outlets and the like;
a comprehensive data comparison method, which uses related graphics, images, tables and text data to perform comparison analysis in the interpretation process;
the field investigation method is used for carrying out field investigation on the ground features which are difficult to interpret indoors and have complex types, and the ground features which are difficult to interpret by the method are subjected to field analysis, the interpretation marks are corrected, and the ground features are determined.
In the present embodiment, in S4: in the field check process, the indexes of dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and transparency in the water body are required to be measured by using rapid detection equipment, and the investigation water body is required to be photographed and positioned to obtain the most accurate longitude and latitude position, water quality condition description and the surrounding environment condition of the water body (such as the surrounding environment with possible pollution sources such as farms, factories and rentals), so that the water body information is enriched as much as possible, and data is provided for the follow-up model optimization; the black and odorous water body remote sensing monitoring vector information comprises the longitude and latitude positions, the areas, the lengths and the widths of streets, villages and towns and administrative villages where the black and odorous water body is located.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rural black and odorous water body monitoring method based on satellite remote sensing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, basic data preparation and processing: collecting the existing black and odorous water body and polluted land block list, carrying out data spatialization by combining the existing black and odorous water body and polluted land block list, determining an image programming shooting range on the basis of basic data, carrying out image shooting and preprocessing according to the monitoring time requirement, and providing image data for remote sensing monitoring;
s2: and (3) carrying out normalization supervision on black and odorous water bodies: based on basic data, monitoring the existing black and odorous water body, analyzing the spectral change characteristics, the surrounding ground feature changes and the geometric feature changes of the existing black and odorous water body through the preprocessed satellite remote sensing image data, and comparing and analyzing the current monitoring result with the previous monitoring result to form the periodic monitoring result of the existing black and odorous water body;
s3: leakage and deficiency detection remote sensing investigation and drainage of black and odorous water body: according to the existing black and odorous water body in the local area, an interpretation sample knowledge base is established, on the basis of basic data, the current situation of black and odorous water body distribution is mastered according to the satellite remote sensing image data and aiming at suspected key areas, relevant basic information is analyzed, the relevant basic information comprises spectral characteristics, water body surrounding environment factors, geometric characteristics and water body pollution causes of the satellite remote sensing image, the black and odorous water body in a monitoring range is firstly extracted, the black and odorous water body is identified, then the black and odorous water body remote sensing interpretation is carried out, a preliminary black and odorous water body touch list is generated, and the black and odorous water body touch list and the existing black and odorous water body periodic monitoring results in S2 form a black and odorous water body remote sensing monitoring preliminary result;
s4: solid core of black and odorous water body: and (3) carrying out field check work, screening black and odorous water bodies with typical characteristics and suspected black and odorous water bodies according to a preliminary black and odorous water body touch list identified by remote sensing, carrying out field investigation, correcting preliminary achievements according to feedback field information, perfecting black and odorous water body remote sensing monitoring vector information, and forming black and odorous water body remote sensing monitoring achievements.
2. The satellite-based remote sensing rural black and odorous water body monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein in S1: collecting historical water body data of a working area as background data to carry out suspected black and odorous water body screening work; the DEM data are collected and used for generating topographic data to determine the range and the boundary of a plain area, and the data resolution is 30m; collecting the latest administrative boundary data; the satellite remote sensing image adopts GF2 image and GF7 image.
3. The satellite-based remote sensing rural black and odorous water body monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein in S1: in the preprocessing process of satellite remote sensing image data, firstly, carrying out radiation correction and atmosphere correction on satellite images based on sensor parameters and radiation correction coefficients; and then selecting an image correction control point according to the base map control data, combining with DEM elevation data, correcting the full-color image grid by grid, registering the multispectral image with the corrected full-color image based on the corrected full-color image, and carrying out fusion processing on the registered full-color image and the multispectral image to manufacture an orthographic image.
4. The satellite-based remote sensing rural black and odorous water body monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein in S2: and monitoring the change of the existing black and odorous water body in two stages in 7-10 months of frequent black and odorous water body.
5. The satellite-based remote sensing rural black and odorous water body monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein in S3: the suspected key area is within the range of 10-20 km around the existing black and odorous water body.
6. The satellite-based remote sensing rural black and odorous water body monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein in S3: the water body extraction method comprises a single-band threshold method, a multi-band spectrum relation method based on a threshold value and a water body index method based on a threshold value, and is combined with various water body indexes, and rural water body automatic identification and extraction are carried out by the water body indexes with accurate selection results and high identification degree.
7. The satellite-based remote sensing rural black and odorous water body monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein in S3: the black and odorous water body identification method comprises the steps of obtaining water body reflectivity of a satellite image after radiation calibration and atmospheric correction, manufacturing a reflection spectrum curve model through the water body reflectivity of a black and odorous water body and a non-black and odorous water body, and comparing a reflection spectrum curve manufactured by the water body reflectivity of the water body to be identified with the reflection spectrum curve model to identify a suspected black and odorous water body.
8. The satellite-based remote sensing rural black and odorous water body monitoring method according to claim 7, wherein in S3: classifying the suspected black and odorous water body according to the optical image characteristics of the identified suspected black and odorous water body, classifying the suspected black and odorous water body pattern spots into 3 classes, and interpreting marks of the classes as follows:
first-order: on the optical remote sensing image, a large amount of garbage is obviously visible on the edge or the surface of the water body, the color of the water body is in bright green or black brown, obvious pollution sources are visible on the periphery of the water body, the pollution sources comprise small workshops, factories and poultry livestock farms, and the black and odorous water body index result grade is high;
and (2) second-stage: on the optical remote sensing image, a small amount of garbage is visible on the edge or the surface of the water body, the color of the water body is green or gray black, the pollution source is occasionally arranged on the periphery of the water body, and the black and odorous water body index result grade is higher;
three stages: on the optical remote sensing image, the water body color is normal or light green or blue-black, suspected pollution sources are seen around the water body, and the black and odorous water body index result grade is low.
9. The satellite-based remote sensing rural black and odorous water body monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein in S3: remote sensing interpretation, adopting one of the following remote sensing image visual interpretation methods:
a direct interpretation method, which directly judges the properties and other characteristics of the target ground object according to the tone, color, shape, size, shadow and texture of the target object image, wherein the suspected black and odorous water body tone is blacked and deep, and has a phenomenon of floater or saw-tooth edge roughness;
an indirect interpretation method, which performs reasoning and interpretation according to an indirect mark, and suspected black and odorous water body peripheral existing points and non-point source pollution sources, wherein the pollution sources comprise chemical plants, culture bases and sewage outlets;
a comprehensive data comparison method, which uses related graphics, images, tables and text data to perform comparison analysis in the interpretation process;
the field investigation method is used for carrying out field investigation on the ground features which are difficult to interpret indoors and have complex types, and the ground features which are difficult to interpret by the method are subjected to field analysis, the interpretation marks are corrected, and the ground features are determined.
10. The satellite-based remote sensing rural black and odorous water body monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein in S4: in the field inspection process, the indexes of dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and transparency in the water body are required to be measured by using rapid detection equipment, and the investigation water body is required to be photographed and positioned to obtain the most exact longitude and latitude position, water quality condition description and the surrounding environment condition of the water body; the black and odorous water body remote sensing monitoring vector information comprises the longitude and latitude positions, the areas, the lengths and the widths of streets, villages and towns and administrative villages where the black and odorous water body is located.
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| CN117998060B (en) * | 2024-04-03 | 2024-06-04 | 生态环境部卫星环境应用中心 | Remote sensing monitoring method for sewage receiving pit based on high-resolution remote sensing image |
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